88-591: The Palmdale School District is a public school district located in Palmdale , California that administers 28 schools and other public education institutions, the majority of which are elementary and middle schools. The Palmdale School District was formed in 1888 after members of the original "Palmenthal" settlement in the present-day Palmdale area petitioned for the construction of a schoolhouse in their small community. The district's first school year commenced on October 8, 1888, and concluded on June 18, 1889. In 1908,
176-462: A gallbladder . Each horn of the pronghorn is composed of a slender, laterally flattened blade of bone which is thought to grow from the frontal bones of the skull, or from the subcutaneous tissues of the scalp, forming a permanent core. As in the Giraffidae , skin covers the bony cores, but in the pronghorn, it develops into a keratinous sheath which is shed and regrown annually. Males have
264-533: A considerable influx of farmers. As the population of Palmdale began to increase after relocation, water became scarce, until November 5, 1913, when the California – Los Angeles Aqueduct system was completed by William Mulholland , bringing water from the Owens Valley into Los Angeles County. During this period, crops of apples, pears and alfalfa became plentiful. In 1915, Palmdale's first newspaper,
352-469: A day; this continues even when the fawn joins a nursery . The females nurse, groom, and lead their young to food and water, as well as keep predators away from them. Females usually nurse the young about three times a day. Males are weaned 2–3 weeks earlier than females. Sexual maturity is reached at 15 to 16 months, though males rarely breed until three years old. Their lifespan is typically up to 10 years, rarely 15 years. In regions inhabited by
440-491: A desert climate, so when the drought years occurred, most abandoned their settlement . By 1899, only one family was left in the original village. The rest of the settlers, including the post office, moved closer to the Southern Pacific railroad tracks. This new community was renamed Palmdale and was located where the present day civic center is. A railroad station was built along the tracks there. This railroad
528-563: A facility at the airport. After this point in time, the aerospace industry took over as the primary local source of employment. The city has been referred to as the "Aerospace Capital of America" because of its rich heritage in being the home of many of the aircraft used in the United States military . In August 1956, an unpiloted out-of-control Navy drone flew over Palmdale while Air Force Interceptor aircraft tried to shoot it down with unguided rockets. Many rockets landed in and around
616-448: A female householder with no husband present, 3,318 (7.7%) had a male householder with no wife present. There were 2,998 (7.0%) unmarried opposite-sex partnerships , and 316 (0.7%) same-sex married couples or partnerships . 5,828 households (13.6%) were made up of individuals, and 1,880 (4.4%) had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older. The average household size was 3.55. There were 35,338 families (82.3% of all households);
704-896: A few localized populations, due to bluetongue disease which is spread from sheep, but the overall trend has been positive. Pronghorn migration corridors are threatened by habitat fragmentation and the blocking of traditional routes. In a migration study conducted by Lava Lake Institute for Science and Conservation and the Wildlife Conservation Society , at one point, the migration corridor bottlenecks to an area only 200 yards wide. Pronghorns are now quite numerous, and outnumbered people in Wyoming and parts of northern Colorado until just recently. They are legally hunted in western states for purposes of population control and food. No major range-wide threats exist, although localized declines are taking place, particularly to
792-530: A fixed territory that females may enter, or defend a harem of females. A pronghorn may change mating strategies depending on environmental or demographic conditions. Where precipitation is high, adult males tend to be territorial and maintain their territories with scent marking , vocalizing , and challenging intruders. In these systems, territorial males have access to better resources than bachelor males. Females also employ different mating strategies. "Sampling" females visit several males and remain with each for
880-405: A government grant being offered by the U.S. Department of Energy. Beginning in the 1960s, Palmdale was home to Don Babb's The Model A Ford Company, which became Classic Manufacturing and Supply, builder of exact reproduction and custom steel bodies and parts for hot rods and customs . With an $ 890-million contract to build 175 light-rail cars for Metropolitan Transportation Authority that
968-504: A higher level of physical activity than females and apparently also have a greater blood volume relative to body size. Pronghorns are built for speed, not for jumping. Since their ranges are sometimes affected by sheep ranchers' fences, they can be seen going under fences, sometimes at high speed. For this reason, the Arizona Antelope Foundation and others are in the process of removing the bottom barbed wire from
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#17327825596971056-405: A horn sheath about 12.5–43 cm (5–17 in) (average 25 cm or 10 in) long with a prong. Females have smaller horns that range from 3–15 cm (1–6 in) (average 12 cm or 4 + 1 ⁄ 2 in) and sometimes barely visible; they are straight and very rarely pronged. Males are further differentiated from females in having a small patch of black hair at the angle of
1144-627: A joint use agreement with the military, the Los Angeles Department of Airports, now called Los Angeles World Airports , built a 9,000 square foot (800 m ) terminal on leased land that opened in 1971, creating present day LA/Palmdale Regional Airport which the City of Palmdale has taken control of in an effort to establish reliable air service in the region. By 1974, the Antelope Valley Freeway construction ended at
1232-851: A letter to fellow member Grinnell, wrote, "Personally, I think that the antelope are doomed, yet every attempt should be made to save them." Although the club had begun their efforts to save the pronghorn in 1910 by funding and restocking the Wichita Game Refuge in Oklahoma , the National Bison Range in Montana , and the Wind Cave National Park , in South Dakota , most of the efforts were doomed since experience demonstrated that after initial increases
1320-405: A male pronghorn approaches her while softly vocalizing and waving his head side to side, displaying his cheek patches. The scent glands on the pronghorn are on either side of the jaw, between the hooves, and on the rump. A receptive female remains motionless, sniffs his scent gland, and then allows the male to mount her. Pronghorns have a gestation period of 7–8 months, which is longer than
1408-488: A message to other pronghorns by both sight and smell about a present danger. This scent has been observed by humans 20 to 30 meters downwind from alarmed animals. The major odour compound identified from this gland is 2-pyrrolidinone. Prior to the arrival of Europeans, the pronghorn was particularly abundant in the regions west of the Mississippi River (still its primary range today). Pronghorn herds filled
1496-619: A new school, the Palmdale Grammar School, was built to accommodate the growing population of Palmdale. The old schoolhouse was closed in 1910 but was eventually restored and moved to its current location in McAdam Park. Approximately 18,000 students are enrolled in the Palmdale School District. The district consists of 28 schools: The Palmdale School District primarily serves kindergarten through
1584-642: A normal mean temperature of 44.4 °F (6.9 °C). Summers are hot and nearly rainless, with July and August, tied for the hottest month, having a normal mean temperature of 81.2 °F (27.3 °C). On average, annually there are 52 mornings with a minimum at or below freezing, and 35 afternoons with a maximum at or above 100 °F (37.8 °C). The normal annual rainfall is 5.90 inches (150 mm), occurring on an average of only 27 days. Record temperatures range from 3 °F (−16.1 °C) on January 13, 1963, to 118 °F (47.8 °C) on August 5, 1990. The "rain year" from July 1940 to June 1941 had
1672-806: A population of 152,750. The population density was 1,438.1 inhabitants per square mile (555.3/km ). The racial makeup of Palmdale was 74,901 (49.0%) White , (24.5% Non-Hispanic White), 22,677 (14.8%) African American , 1,316 (0.9%) Native American , 6,548 (4.3%) Asian (2.2% Filipino, 0.4% Indian, 0.4% Korean, 0.3% Chinese, 0.3% Vietnamese, 0.2% Japanese, 0.16% Cambodian, 0.11% Thai and 0.07% Pakistani), 335 (0.2%) Pacific Islander , 38,773 (25.4%) from other races , and 8,200 (5.4%) from two or more races. There were 83,097 Hispanic or Latino residents (54.4%). 38.1% of Palmdale residents are of Mexican ancestry; 6.2% Salvadoran; and 2.4% of Guatemalan heritage and 0.79% Honduran, 0.76% Puerto Rican, 0.69% Nicaraguan, 0.50% Cuban, 0.47% Colombian and Argentinian 0.34%. Spanish
1760-700: A pronghorn refuge. This donation was contingent upon the government's adding 30,000 acres of surrounding public lands. On June 20, 1929, United States President Herbert Hoover included the required public lands upon request of the Department of Agriculture and the Department of the Interior after learning that the Boone and Crockett Club and the National Audubon Society were underwriting the private land buyout. On January 26, 1931, Hoover signed
1848-535: A short time before switching to the next male at an increasing rate as estrous approaches. "Inciting" females behave as samplers until estrous, and then incite conflicts between males, watching and then mating with the winners. Before fighting, males try to intimidate each other. If intimidation fails, they lock horns and try to injure each other. "Quiet" females remain with a single male in an isolated area throughout estrous. Females continue this mating behavior for two to three weeks. When courting an estrous female,
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#17327825596971936-429: A vital ecological niche of the prairie habitat, as well as other climatic zones. The amount of wildlife was considered to be so vast at one time that the prehistoric American Prairie—and as recently as 200 to 300 years ago—has been dubbed the "American Serengeti", due to the once-millions-strong herds of bison , elk , hundreds of thousands of pronghorn, as well as other now-extinct megafauna . The present-day range of
2024-634: A water source. The majority are found within 5 mi (8 km) of a water source. An ongoing study by the Lava Lake Institute for Science and Conservation and the Wildlife Conservation Society shows an overland migration route that covers more than 260 km (160 mi). The migrating pronghorn start travel from the foothills of the Pioneer Mountains through Craters of the Moon National Monument to
2112-442: A wide variety of plant foods, often including plants unpalatable or toxic to domestic livestock , though they also compete with them for food. In one study, forbs comprised 62% of their diet, shrubs 23%, and grasses 15%, while in another, cacti comprised 40%, grass 22%, forbs 20%, and shrubs 18%. Pronghorns also chew and eat (ruminate) cud . Healthy pronghorn populations tend to stay within 5.0–6.5 km (3–4 mi) of
2200-548: Is German for Palm Valley. ) According to David L. Durham, Joshua trees were sometimes called yucca palms at the time, which was the reason for the name. The village was officially established upon the arrival of a post office on June 17, 1888. By the 1890s (soon after the last of the indigenous antelopes , which the valley was named after, had been hunted to extinction by Europeans), farming families continued to migrate to Palmenthal and nearby Harold to grow grain and fruit. Most of these settlers were unfamiliar with farming in
2288-582: Is a species of artiodactyl (even-toed, hoofed) mammal indigenous to interior western and central North America . Though not an antelope , it is known colloquially in North America as the American antelope , prong buck , pronghorn antelope and prairie antelope , because it closely resembles the antelopes of the Old World and fills a similar ecological niche due to parallel evolution . It
2376-601: Is about 40 miles (64 km) wide. This range forms the southern edge of the Antelope Valley portion of the Mojave Desert . Palmdale is the second-most populous city in the Antelope Valley, and fifth overall in the Mojave Desert, after Las Vegas , Henderson , North Las Vegas, Nevada ; and Lancaster . Palmdale is part of a twin-city complex with its northern neighbor Lancaster and together they are
2464-557: Is home to many other major manufacturing, industrial, corporate offices and other employers, as well as home to the Palmdale Auto Mall . A number of medical and related support offices are coming on-line to meet the needs of the new Palmdale Regional Medical Center. On July 8, 2009, Quallion LLC, which manufactures lithium ion cells and battery packs, announced plans to build a battery manufacturing plant in Palmdale if it won
2552-988: Is known as Sierra Highway . In 1924, the Little Rock Dam and the Harold Reservoir, present day Lake Palmdale , were constructed to assist the agricultural industry and have enough water to serve the growing communities. Agriculture continued to be the foremost industry for Palmdale and its northern neighbor Lancaster until the outbreak of World War II. In 1933, the United States government established Muroc Air Base (from an original founder's name, Effie Corum, spelled backwards) six miles (9.7 km) north of Lancaster in Kern County , now known as Edwards Air Force Base . They also bought Palmdale Airport in 1952 and established an aerospace development and testing facility called United States Air Force Plant 42 . One year later, in 1953, Lockheed established
2640-603: Is land and 0.3 square miles (0.78 km ) of it is water (including man-made Lake Palmdale, the most visible and scenic part of the municipal water supply system). The total area is 0.24% water. The city lies in proximity to the San Andreas Fault , making it prone to severe earthquakes. This fault cuts across the Antelope Valley Freeway just north of the Avenue S off-ramp; running westward along
2728-436: Is spoken by 36.4% of the population and Tagalog by 1.3%. The most common ancestries are German 5.2%, Irish 4.1%, English 2.9%, Italian 2.7%, French 1.1%, Polish 1.0%, Norwegian 0.7%, Scottish 0.6%, Dutch 0.6%, Russian 0.6%, Swedish 0.5%, Belizean 0.4%, Armenian 0.4% and Danish, Welsh and Greek 0.3%. According to the 2000 Census, Mexican and German were the most common ancestries in Palmdale. Mexico and El Salvador were
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2816-578: Is the aerospace industry. Other manufacturing companies have relocated to Palmdale seeking more affordable land, proximity to Palmdale Airport , and special tax breaks. The special tax breaks granted for companies that relocate to Palmdale is due to the city having the Antelope Valley Enterprise Zone and the Palmdale Federal Foreign Trade Zone . These are special zoning areas within
2904-476: Is the fastest land mammal in the Western Hemisphere , being built for maximum predator evasion through running. The top speed is dependent upon the length of time over which it is measured. It can run 56 km/h (35 mph) for 6.5 km (4 mi), 68 km/h (42 mph) for 1.5 km (1 mi), and 88.5 km/h (55 mph) for 800 m (0.5 mi). Although it is slower than
2992-514: Is the only surviving member of the family Antilocapridae . During the Pleistocene epoch, about 11 other antilocaprid species existed in North America, many with long or spectacularly-twisted horns. Three other genera ( Capromeryx , Stockoceros and Tetrameryx ) existed when humans entered North America but are now extinct . The pronghorn's closest living relatives are the giraffe and okapi . The Antilocaprids are part of
3080-402: Is to form a large, strong pen or fold, from which a fence made of bushes gradually widens on each side. The animals are surrounded by the hunters, and gently driven towards this pen, in which they imperceptibly find themselves enclosed, and are then at the mercy of the hunters. At the turn of the 20th century, members of the wildlife conservation group Boone and Crockett Club had determined that
3168-488: Is typical for North American ungulates. They breed in mid-September, and the doe carries her fawn until late May. The gestation period is around six weeks longer than that of the white-tailed deer . Females usually bear within a few days of each other. Twin fawns are common. Newborn pronghorns weigh 2–4 kg (4–9 lb), most commonly 3 kg (7 lb). In their first 21–26 days, fawns spend time hiding in vegetation. Fawns interact with their mothers for 20–25 minutes
3256-400: The Antelope Valley Freeway , or State Highway 14, was completed as a link between Palmdale and Los Angeles. The freeway at this time ran all the way to present-day Technology Drive. It was at this time that talk about the future Palmdale Intercontinental Airport was seen as the way of the future. By 1965, the new city had annexed an additional 20 square miles (52 km ) of land and industry
3344-821: The Continental Divide . Dr. Scott Bergen of the Wildlife Conservation Society says "This study shows that pronghorn are the true marathoners of the American West. With these new findings, we can confirm that Idaho supports a major overland mammal migration - an increasingly rare phenomenon in the U.S. and worldwide." Cougars ( Puma concolor ), wolves ( Canis lupus ), coyotes ( Canis latrans ), grizzly bears ( Ursus arctos horribilis ) and bobcats ( Lynx rufus ) are major predators of pronghorns. Golden eagles ( Aquila chrysaetos ) have been reported to prey on fawns and adults. Jaguars ( Panthera onca ) also likely prey on pronghorns in their native range in
3432-602: The Los Angeles Basin to the south. On August 24, 1962, Palmdale became the first city in Antelope Valley. Forty-seven years later, in November 2009, voters approved making it a charter city . Palmdale's population was 169,450 at the 2020 census , up from 152,750 at the 2010 census . Palmdale is the 33rd most populous city in California . Together with its immediate northern neighbor, the city of Lancaster ,
3520-662: The Natural Trap Cave found that while American cheetahs seemed to subsist on pronghorns, they did not do so exclusively. In fact, pronghorns were also important prey of American lions and wolves. Compared to its body size, the pronghorn has a large windpipe , heart, blood volume, erythrocites and lungs to allow it to take in large amounts of air when running. Additionally, pronghorn hooves have two long, cushioned, pointed toes which help absorb shock when running at high speeds. They also have an extremely light bone structure and hollow hair . Male pronghorn tend to have
3608-617: The Niobrara River , in present-day Nebraska . Clark was among the first Euro-Americans to publish the experience of killing a pronghorn, and described his experience as follows: I walked on shore to find an old Vulcanoe [the Ionia Volcano ?] ... in my walk I killed a Buck Goat of this Countrey, about the height of the Grown Deer, its body Shorter the horns which is not very hard and forks 2 ⁄ 3 up one prong Short
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3696-548: The Palmdale Post , was published. Today it is called the Antelope Valley Press . In 1921, the first major motor vehicle link between Palmdale and Los Angeles was completed, Mint Canyon/Lancaster Road, later designated U.S. Route 6 . Completion of this road caused the local agricultural industry to flourish and was the first major step towards defining the metropolis that exists today. Presently this road
3784-617: The Plains Indians tribes, as well as the Northwest Plateau , pronghorn was hunted as a principal food source by the local people. The pronghorn has also featured prominently in Native American mythology and oral history. Merriwether Lewis and William Clark made several other observations on the behavior of the pronghorn and how the local tribes hunted them. They described the animal, which they referred to as
3872-504: The Sonoran pronghorn , mainly as a result of livestock grazing, the construction of roads, fences, and other barriers that prevent access to historical habitat, illegal hunting, insufficient forage and water, and lack of recruitment . Three subspecies are considered endangered in all ( A. a. sonoriensis , A. a. peninsularis ), or part of their ranges ( A. a. mexicana ). The Sonoran pronghorn has an estimated population of fewer than 300 in
3960-687: The Space Shuttle , B-1 Lancer , X-15 , B-2 Spirit , B-21 Raider , F-117 Nighthawk , F-22 Raptor , F-35 Lightning II , SR-71 Blackbird , Lockheed L-1011 Tristar , and many other aircraft that have been used in the United States Air Force , NASA and air forces and airlines around the world. USAF Plant 42 , where the aerospace projects occurred / occur is home to major operations of the following aerospace companies: Boeing , Lockheed Martin and its famed Skunk Works , and Northrop Grumman . The Los Angeles World Airports owns
4048-622: The mandible . Pronghorns have a distinct, musky odor. Males mark territory with a preorbital scent gland which is on the sides of the head. The major chemical component in this gland's secretion is the highly odoriferous compound, 2-ethyl-3-methylpyrazine. This compound is also the major volatile component found on the animal's back in the male's medial gland. Pronghorns have well developed glands on each hoof. Like many ungulates, these interdigital (hoof) glands of pronghorn contain chemical compounds that are known to have antimicrobial activity against soil and mammalian pathogens. The pronghorn
4136-574: The "Antelope" or the "Goat", as follows: Of all the animals we have seen the Antelope seems to possess the most wonderful fleetness. Shy and timorous they generally repose only on the ridges, which command a view of all the approaches of an enemy ... When they first see the hunters they run with great velocity ... The Indians near the Rocky Mountains hunt these animals on horseback, and shoot them with arrows. The Mandans ' mode of hunting them
4224-657: The 8th grade but Palmdale Academy Charter School serves grades K–12 per its charter. Currently, the Palmdale School District Superintendent is Raul Maldonado. The district consists of 28 schools All PSD schools are located within Palmdale , California . Palmdale, California Palmdale is a city in northern Los Angeles County in the U.S. state of California . The city lies in the Antelope Valley of Southern California . The San Gabriel Mountains separate Palmdale from
4312-482: The African cheetah , it can sustain top speeds much longer than cheetahs. The pronghorn may have evolved its running ability to escape from now-extinct predators such as the American cheetah , since its speed greatly exceeds that of all extant North American predators. Carbon and nitrogen isotope comparisons between pronghorn, horses, Bighorn sheep , bison , American cheetahs, American lions , and wolves of
4400-433: The Antelope Valley economy on several industries. The local governments of the Antelope Valley seek to diversify their economies and not just depend on the aerospace industry as it is known for having "feast or famine" seasons. Palmdale refers to itself with the nickname the "aerospace capital of the United States", and has been the site of research, development, final assembly, flight testing and/or servicing/modifications of
4488-684: The City Council was subjected to districting, with councilmembers were selected from each of 4 districts. The mayor is elected at-large every two years for a two-year term. Every two years, two of the four district council members are elected to serve four-year terms. Palmdale does not have term limits for council and mayor. Its mayor is Steve Hofbauer . Pronghorn A. a. americana A. a. mexicana A. a. oregona A. a. peninsularis A. a. sonoriensis The pronghorn ( UK : / ˈ p r ɒ ŋ h ɔːr n / , US : / ˈ p r ɔː ŋ -/ ) ( Antilocapra americana )
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#17327825596974576-603: The Palmdale–Lancaster urban area had a population of 359,559 in 2020. Palmdale was first inhabited by various Native Americans . Populated by different cultures for an estimated 11,000 years, the Antelope Valley was a trade route for Native Americans traveling from Arizona and New Mexico to California's coast. Before the arrival of Europeans, the Palmdale area was occupied by the Kitanemuk . The Yokuts , Chumash people and Shoshone may have also been present in
4664-590: The Rocky Mountain pronghorn ( A. a. americana ), Mexican pronghorn ( A. a. mexicana ), the Oregon pronghorn ( A. a. oregona ), and the critically endangered Baja California pronghorn ( A. a. peninsularis ). Pronghorns prefer open, expansive terrain at elevations varying between 900 and 1,800 m (3,000 and 5,900 ft), with the densest populations in areas receiving around 250–400 mm (10– 15 + 1 ⁄ 2 in) of rainfall per year. They eat
4752-744: The San Gabriel Mission recorded viewing the vast expanse of what was the El Tejon Rancheria (the Badger Ranch) of the Cuabajoy Indians. After the Shoshone Indians left the valley, immigrants from Spain and Mexico established large cattle ranches there. Then, in the late 1880s, the ranches were broken up into smaller homesteads by farmers from Germany, France and the state of Nebraska. "Palmenthal",
4840-728: The United States and 200–500 in Mexico, while there are approximately 200 Peninsula pronghorn in Baja California. Populations of the Sonoran pronghorn in Arizona and Mexico are protected under the Endangered Species Act (since 1967), and a recovery plan for this subspecies has been prepared by U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service. Mexican animals are listed on CITES Appendix I. Pronghorns have game-animal status in all of
4928-426: The area are golden mantled ground squirrel, Beechey ground squirrel , red-tailed hawk , Cooper's hawk , Stellar's jay , leopard frog and rattlesnake . Coyotes are found throughout Palmdale. The California condor , a rare species of bird occupies Palmdale. Palmdale was a juniper berry processing area. California poppies are grown near Palmdale. The 2010 United States Census reported that Palmdale had
5016-624: The area. Spanish soldier Captain Pedro Fages explored the Antelope Valley in 1772. The opening of California to overland travel through the forbearing desert was due to Captain Juan Bautista de Anza and Father Francisco Garces, a Spanish padre. They led a colonizing expedition including 136 settlers across the Mojave Desert from Mexico to Monterey in 1773. Later in 1776 while exploring the Valley, Garces with several Indian guides from
5104-664: The average family size was 3.87. The age distribution of the population included 50,514 people (33.1%) under the age of 18, 17,089 people (11.2%) aged 18 to 24, 40,077 people (26.2%) aged 25 to 44, 34,963 people (22.9%) aged 45 to 64, and 10,107 people (6.6%) who were 65 years of age or older. The median age was 29.7 years. For every 100 females, there were 95.3 males. For every 100 females age 18 and over, there were 91.3 males. There were 46,544 housing units at an average density of 438.2 units per square mile (169.2 units/km ), of which 29,167 (67.9%) were owner-occupied, and 13,785 (32.1%) were occupied by renters. The homeowner vacancy rate
5192-503: The central coastal grasslands, further south. In Mexico , the Sonoran pronghorn ( A. a. sonoriensis ) subspecies may be found from the state of Baja California Sur east through Sonora to San Luis Potosí , in north-central regions of the country, albeit in gradually diminishing populations. They have been extirpated from Iowa and Minnesota in the United States, and from Manitoba in Canada. Other regional subspecies include
5280-515: The city as part of a future historical park, and the old schoolhouse now relocated to McAdam Park . Palmdale's modern development commenced in the mid-1800s due to the influence of the gold rush, cattle ranching, the introduction of stagecoaches, and the establishment of the Southern Pacific Railroad line in 1876. Significant population expansion only took place after the completion of the California aqueduct in 1913, drawing in
5368-485: The city that are given various state and federal tax breaks and municipal grant incentives to relocate their business there. These zones were put in effect to help Palmdale, as well as nearby Lancaster, draw more jobs to the area so that they would be less dependent on the Los Angeles Basin and the San Fernando Valley area for employment. This will help relieve traffic congestion and pollution and stabilize
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#17327825596975456-433: The city, starting fires and damaging property. In 1957, Palmdale's first high school, Palmdale High School , was established, making it easier for youths to not have to travel to Antelope Valley High School in nearby Lancaster. In August 1962, the township of Palmdale officially became the city of Palmdale with the incorporation of 2 square miles (5 km ) of land around the present day civic center. In 1964,
5544-494: The executive order for the refuge. On December 31, 1936, President Franklin Roosevelt signed an executive order creating a 222,000-hectare (549,000-acre) tract; this was the true beginning for pronghorn recovery in North America. The protection of habitat and hunting restrictions have allowed pronghorn numbers to recover to an estimated population between 500,000 and 1,000,000 since the 1930s. Some recent decline has occurred in
5632-486: The extinction of the pronghorn was likely. In a letter from George Bird Grinnell , Boone and Crockett Club chairman of the game preservation committee, to Walter L. Fisher , Secretary of the Interior , Grinnell stated, "The Club is much concerned about the fate of the pronghorn which appears to be everywhere rapidly diminishing." By the 1920s, hunting pressure had reduced the pronghorn population to about 13,000. Boone and Crockett Club member Charles Alexander Sheldon , in
5720-441: The fences, and/or installing a barbless bottom wire. The pronghorn has been observed to have at least 13 distinct gaits , including one reaching nearly 7.3 m (23 ft 11 in) per stride. When a pronghorn sees something that alarms it, the white hair on the rump flairs open and exposes two highly odoriferous glands that releases a compound described as having an odour "reminiscent of buttered popcorn." This sends
5808-501: The first European settlement within the limits of Palmdale, was established as a village on April 20, 1886, by westward Lutheran travelers from the American Midwest , mostly of German and Swiss descent. According to area folklore, the travelers had been told they would know they were close to the ocean when they saw palm trees . They took the local Joshua trees for palms and named their settlement after them. ( Palmenthal
5896-491: The following years as the K Line and Regional Connector open. Final assembly work has already occurred in hangar space the company leased in Palmdale from Los Angeles World Airports . The first car was delivered to Metro in October for testing before series production begins. The Antelope Valley Mall is the retail shopping destination in the region, with a variety of dining choices on its restaurant row. Onions are
5984-518: The former Boeing hangar (formerly North American Rockwell) at Plant 42 near LA/Palmdale Regional Airport which is one of the largest buildings in the world. The hangar was used for the set of the 2004 film The Terminal , which featured an enormous replica of a JFK International Airport terminal. NASA 's SOFIA program relocated its operation to this hangar at Site 9 from Edwards Air Force Base . A number of world class corporations and manufacturing firms have made Palmdale home, helping to diversify
6072-732: The highest annual precipitation on record, at 18.41 inches (467.6 mm), whilst the most precipitation in a calendar month was in December 1943 at 7.55 inches (191.8 mm), as well as the most in one calendar day on December 11, 1943, at 3.43 inches (87.1 mm); conversely, the lowest annual precipitation was 1.15 inches (29.2 mm) from July 2012 to June 2013. Notes : Plants native to Palmdale are big berry manzanita , fremont cottonwood , California aster, White Sage , Giant wildrye , Deerbrush , California buckwheat , Black Sage , California Goldfields , Antelope Bitterbrush , Golden Yarrow , Desert Globemallow and more. Animals in
6160-525: The infraorder Pecora , making them distant relatives of deer , bovids , and moschids . The pronghorn is the fastest land mammal in the Americas, with running speeds of up to 88.5 km/h (55 mph). It is the symbol of the American Society of Mammalogists . The animal gets its name from its horn sheaths that branch and have a forward-pointing tine , unlike the horns of species from
6248-496: The local economy. Delta Scientific, a world leader in high strength vehicle barrier systems, supplying protection for many federal, state and local buildings, and a prime supplier to the military and US State Department for embassies and other installations worldwide, and US Pole, a major manufacturer of street lighting poles, are major anchor tenants in the Fairway Business Park. The Palmdale Trade and Commerce Center
6336-419: The most common foreign places of birth. The Census reported that 152,551 people (99.9% of the population) lived in households, 158 (0.1%) lived in non-institutionalized group quarters, and 41 (0%) were institutionalized. There were 42,952 households, out of which 23,345 (54.4%) had children under the age of 18 living in them, 24,199 (56.3%) were opposite-sex married couples living together, 7,821 (18.2%) had
6424-405: The most valued crop that grows in Palmdale. Some of Antelope Valley's onions were exported to Japan , Taiwan , Dubai and Australia . Other crops grown in Palmdale and the Antelope Valley are alfalfa, wheat, fruit, oats and barley. Employers include: Palmdale is a Charter City governed under the council / manager form of local government . Beginning with the November 2016 election,
6512-460: The old Butterfield Stage Line (now Elizabeth Lake Road) into Leona Valley. Typical of the High Desert , Palmdale has a desert climate ( Köppen climate classification BWk ), and it is part of USDA Plant Hardiness Zone 8b. Winters are cool to mild, with daily normal minimum temperatures at or just below freezing from late November until late January, and the coolest month, December, having
6600-581: The other round & Sharp arched, and is immediately above its Eyes the Color is a light gray with black behind its ears down the neck, and its face white round its neck, its Sides and its rump round its tail which is Short & white; Verry actively made, has only a pair of hoofs to each foot, his brains on the back of his head, his Nostrals large, his eyes like a Sheep he is more like the Antilope or Gazelle of Africa than any other Species of Goat. The pronghorn
6688-471: The ox family Bovidae . Pronghorns were first seen and described by Spanish explorers in the 16th century, the species was not formally recorded or scrutinized until the expedition in 1804-06 by Captain Meriwether Lewis and Second Lieutenant William Clark . Following the discovery of a few subspecies of the sharp-tailed grouse , Lewis and Clark came across the pronghorn near the mouth of
6776-542: The principal cities within the Antelope Valley region and California's High Desert . Downtown Palmdale is located at 34°34′46″N 118°07′00″W / 34.57944°N 118.11667°W / 34.57944; -118.11667 , at an elevation of 2,655 feet (809 m) above sea level. According to the United States Census Bureau the city has a total area of 106.2 square miles (275 km ), of which, 106.0 square miles (275 km ) of it
6864-551: The pronghorn is generally west of the Mississippi, extending from southern Saskatchewan and Alberta , Canada south into the western US , primarily in the states of Arizona , Colorado , Idaho , Kansas , Montana , Nebraska , Nevada , New Mexico , North Dakota , Oklahoma , Oregon , South Dakota , Texas , Utah , Washington and Wyoming . In extreme Northern California , pronghorn can be found in inland counties, ranging from neighboring Nevada and Oregon, as well as
6952-566: The pronghorns would die off because of the fenced enclosures. In 1927, Grinnell spearheaded efforts along with the help of T. Gilbert Pearson of Grinnell's National Audubon Society to create the Charles Alexander Sheldon Antelope Refuge in northern Nevada . About 2900 acres of land were jointly purchased by the two organizations and subsequently turned over to the Biological Survey as
7040-416: The same height as males, but weigh 34–48 kg (75–106 lb). The feet have two hooves , with no dewclaws . Their body temperature is 38 °C (100 °F). They have very large eyes with a 320° field of vision . Their orbits (eye sockets) are prominent and set high on the skull. Their teeth are hypsodont , and their dental formula is 0.0.3.3 3.1.3.3 . Unlike deer , pronghorns possess
7128-570: The southern border of Mojave in Kern County. In 1977, Palmdale built its first municipal building, the Palmdale City Library. This was the same year that its northern neighbor Lancaster incorporated as a city. Since the 1920s, Lancaster had been the much larger and principal community of the Antelope Valley , as well as the rest of California's Mojave Desert . The 1980s and 1990s were the decades that really started to define
7216-620: The southwestern United States and in northern Mexico. In the Pleistocene , jaguars would likely be dangerous to pronghorns as a short-range ambush predator. Pronghorns form mixed-sex herds in the winter. In early spring, the herds break up, with young males forming bachelor groups, females forming harems , and adult males living solitarily. Some female bands share the same summer range, and bachelor male bands form between spring and fall. Females form dominance hierarchies with few circular relationships. Dominant females aggressively displace other females from feeding sites. Adult males either defend
7304-607: The two Antelope Valley cities. Affordable housing in the area caused a dramatic spike in the population . The city, like its northern neighbor Lancaster, became a bedroom community for those employed in Los Angeles. In 1980, Palmdale's population was 12,227. Palmdale is located in Los Angeles County , and the urbanized centers of Palmdale and Los Angeles are separated by the San Gabriel mountain range, which
7392-568: Was 3.2%; the rental vacancy rate was 9.4%. 102,444 people (67.1% of the population) lived in owner-occupied housing units and 50,107 people (32.8%) lived in rental housing units. According to US Census Population Estimates, July 1, 2022: 15.8% of the population was living below the federal poverty line. 37.0% of people are Catholic in Palmdale. 53.4% in the city are religious . In 2022, Los Angeles Homeless Services Authority 's Greater Los Angeles Homeless Count counted 309 homeless individuals in Palmdale. The most important industry for Palmdale
7480-612: Was behind schedule, Kinkisharyo, the El Segundo-based U.S. arm of Kinki Sharyo Co. Ltd. of Osaka announced in December 2014 that they would retrofit an existing space in Palmdale to build the P3010 series vehicles . A major shipment was needed for the Expo Line Phase II extension to Santa Monica and Foothill Extension to Azusa which were scheduled to open in 2016. The balance of the 175 cars will be needed in
7568-444: Was first officially described by American ornithologist George Ord in 1815. Pronghorns have distinct white fur on their rumps , sides, breasts, bellies, and across their throats. Adult males are 1.3–1.5 m (4 ft 3 in – 4 ft 11 in) long from nose to tail, stand 81–104 cm (2 ft 8 in – 3 ft 5 in) high at the shoulder, and weigh 40–65 kg (88–143 lb). The females are
7656-421: Was operated by Southern Pacific and traveled between Los Angeles and San Francisco . The Wells Fargo stagecoach line that ran between San Francisco and New Orleans stopped there as well. The only remaining pieces of evidence of the original settlements of Palmenthal and Harold are the old Palmdale Pioneer cemetery located on the northeast corner of Avenue S and 20th Street East, acquired and restored by
7744-518: Was thriving. Talk of the future commercial airport had many investors buying up large quantities of land. In 1970, the city of Los Angeles went forward with buying 17,750 acres (71.8 km ) of land east of the city for its proposed intercontinental commercial airport. However, the United States Air Force desired to put construction of this new facility on hold until the existing airport reached its commercial capacity. So, under
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