The Panama State , officially known as the Federal State of Panama from 1855 to 1863, and as the Sovereign State of Panama from 1863 until 1886 when it was dissolved, was established as one of the states of the Republic of Gran Colombia established in 1821 after independence from the Spanish Empire and was later part of the Republic of New Granada , the Granadine Confederation , and the United States of Colombia . The state was established on 27 February 1855 and lasted until 1886 when it was replaced by the Department of Panama . In 1903, the territory of the Panama State achieved independence as the Republic of Panama .
16-597: It was the first state to form within the Granadine Confederation of 1858, due to desires for autonomy, particularly by the Istmo Province . The state was initially divided in the same provinces that created it in 1855: At the end of the year the territory of Azuero Province was split between Panama Province and Chiriquí Province. During the administration of Justo Arosemena (1856), the State
32-682: A Civil war took place , which was triggered by the Liberal reforms of President José Hilario López , which provided for the emancipation of slaves, the expulsion of the Jesuits, the granting of freedom of the press and the abolition of the death penalty. As a reaction, Conservative and pro-slavery groups from Cauca and Antioquia departments, led by Julio Arboleda , Manuel Ibánez and Eusebio Borrero, revolted against liberal president José Hilario López , in an attempt to prevent emancipation of disenfranchised groups and abolition of slavery , in addition to
48-598: A confederation of sovereign states, among them Panama. Since 1865, he was involved in diplomacy, was representative of Panama in Washington D.C. for several years, Ambassador of Panama in Chile, Colombia Minister Resident in the United Kingdom, Ambassador Extraordinary and Plenipotentiary in the United Kingdom and France (1872), and intermediary in settling the border between Colombia and Venezuela (1880). In 1868 he
64-405: A number of religious issues. In 1853 there was a Liberal constitutional reform, and in 1854 there was another civil war under the dictatorship of General José María Melo . In 1858 a federal constitution was introduced. An uprising by General Tomás Cipriano de Mosquera sparked a new three-year civil war in 1860 . After the capture of Bogotá in 1861 by Mosquera, who proclaimed himself president,
80-697: A representative to the National Congress of Colombia (1852–1853). As a statesman, he strongly supported both a respect for human rights and a greater autonomy for the Isthmus of Panama in Colombia. For this reason, the federal state of Panama was created, and he was elected as its first president in 1855. He resigned his position a few months later. By 1863 he was president of the National Convention of Rio Negro , in which Colombia became
96-553: Is "The Federal State of Panama", where he describes the Panamanian history and its nationality, stressing the importance of the isthmus of Panama to become an independent country and describing various geographical, historical and social arguments for the creation of a Panamanian federal state within the confederation of Nueva Granada. In 1855 these ideas were jelled with the creation of the Federal State of Panama. This essay
112-533: Is considered the most comprehensive study on the Panamanian nationality in the 19th century. As a member of the Congress of Nueva Granada (1850) and as senator of Istmo de Panamá (1853), he authored many legal codifications and was instrumental in bringing about the autonomy of the Colombian federal state of Panama. His extensive drafts of legal codifications, the so-called Proyectos Arosemena , were to become
128-404: The basis of Panamanian and Colombian legislation in the second half of the 19th century. Republic of New Granada The Republic of New Granada was a centralist unitary republic consisting primarily of present-day Colombia and Panama with smaller portions of today's Costa Rica , Ecuador , Venezuela , Peru and Brazil that existed from 1831 to 1858. The state was created after
144-474: The country was renamed and given a new constitution to form the Granadine Confederation in response to demands for a decentralized administration for the country. The territory of the republic was divided into provinces. Each province was composed of one or more cantons, each canton was divided into several districts. The Republic also included some territories in the peripheral regions of
160-681: The dissolution of Great Colombia in 1830 through the secession of Ecuador and Venezuela. In 1858 the state was renamed into the Granadine Confederation . On 9 May 1834, the national flag was adopted and was used until 26 November 1861, with the Gran Colombian colours in Veles' arrangement. The merchant ensign had the eight-pointed star in white. The history of the Republic of New Granada was marked by competing economic and political interests and rocked by violent conflicts and civil wars. One of
176-626: The period of union with Colombia . He dedicated his life to the cause of the autonomy of the Isthmus of Panama in and as a part of Colombia, and is regarded as "the most illustrious of the Panamanian and father of Panamanian nationality." Arosemena was born in Panama City , the son of Dolores de Quesada and Mariano Arosemena , a national hero during the independence of Panama from Spain in 1821. He attended elementary school in Panama, and when he
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#1732786638568192-695: The prime features of the political climate of the Republic was the position of the Roman Catholic Church and the level of autonomy for the federal states. In 1839, a dispute arose over the dissolution of monasteries by the Congress of New Granada. This soon escalated into the War of the Supremes , which raged for the next two years and transformed into a conflict about regional autonomy and a border conflict with Ecuador. Panama tried unsuccessfully to break away from New Granada in 1840 and 1850. In 1851
208-568: The promulgation of the Constitution of Panama, he withdrew himself from public life and he is dedicated to the legal profession until his death in the city of Colón , at the age of 78. His legacy as a jurist was recognized posthumously when the headquarters of the National Assembly of Panama was named after him. Justo Arosemena wrote a series of essays that frame his work as a lawyer and sociologist. The most significant of all
224-711: Was 16 years old, he graduated with a Bachelor of Arts from the College of San Bartolomé in Bogotá . Later, he graduated in law at the Universidad Central de Bogota . Between 1837 and 1839 he received his doctorate in law at the Universidad del Magdalena . He also conducted studies in the field of sociology . He was elected deputy to the Provincial House of Panama (1850–1851), and subsequently as
240-422: Was divided into 7 departments: Later, during the administration of José Leonardo Calancha (1864), reduced the number of departments to 6: 8°58′N 79°32′W / 8.967°N 79.533°W / 8.967; -79.533 Justo Arosemena Justo Arosemena Quesada (August 9, 1817 – February 23, 1896) was a statesman , writer, lawyer and politician from what is now Panama who lived during
256-600: Was responsible for negotiating the conditions in which Colombia allowed the United States the excavation of a canal in the Isthmus of Panama. He was also a lawyer consultant to the Panama Railroad Company (1888). In 1878, with the help of the educator José Manuel Hurtado and politician Buenaventura Correoso, he prompted the founding of the first public library in Panama, for which he donated more than 60 volumes related to history and law. In 1886, with
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