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88-617: Pangasinan , officially the Province of Pangasinan ( Pangasinan : Luyag/Probinsia na Pangasinan , [paŋɡasiˈnan] ; Ilocano : Probinsia ti Pangasinan ; Tagalog : Lalawigan ng Pangasinan ), is a coastal province in the Philippines located in the Ilocos Region of Luzon . Its capital is Lingayen while San Carlos City is the most populous. Pangasinan is in the western area of Luzon along Lingayen Gulf and

176-627: A Spanish-led coalition of loyalist tribal warriors and mercenaries. In February 1661, the newly independent Kingdom of Pangasinan fell to the Captaincy General of the Philippines . On November 3, 1762, the people of Pangasinan proclaimed independence from Spain after a rebellion led by Juan de la Cruz Palaris . The Pangasinan revolt was sparked by news that Manila had fallen to the British on October 6, 1762. The Traité de Paris ended

264-577: A Tortola , a short love story. (Lingayen, Pangasinan: Gumawid Press, 1926) Juan Villamil translated José Rizal 's " Mi último adiós " in Pangasinan. Pablo Mejia edited Tunong , a news magazine, in the 1920s. He also wrote Bilay tan Kalkalar nen Rizal , a biography of Rizal. Magsano published Silew , a literary magazine. Magsano also wrote Samban Agnabenegan , a romance novel. Pangasinan Courier published articles and literary works in Pangasinan. Pioneer Herald published Sinag ,

352-487: A colony in Pangasinan, as an army led by de Salcedo chased him out of Pangasinan after a seven-month siege. Pangasinan as a province dates back to an administrative and judicial district as early as 1580, with Lingayen as the capital, but its territorial boundaries were first delineated in 1611. Lingayen has remained the capital of the province except for a brief period during the revolutionary era when San Carlos City served as temporary administrative headquarters and during

440-588: A last stand at the brick-walled Catholic Church. Maramba led the liberation of the town of Santa Barbara on March 7, 1898, following a signal for simultaneous attack from Makabulos. Hearing that Santa Barbara fell to the rebels Spanish forces in Dagupan attempted to retake the town but were repelled by Maramba's forces. After the setback the Spanish decided to concentrate their forces in Lingayen in order to protect

528-572: A law to rename the town of Salasa to Bugallon in honor of General Bugallon. Manuel L. Quezon was inaugurated as the first president of the Commonwealth of the Philippines with collaboration from the United States of America on November 15, 1935. The 21st Infantry Division were stationed in Pangasinan during the pre-World War II era. Anti-Japanese Imperial military operations included the fall of Bataan and Corregidor along with aiding

616-456: A literary supplement in Pangasinan. Many Christian publications in Pangasinan are widely available. Many Pangasinan are multilingual and proficient in English , Filipino , and Ilocano . However, the spread and influence of the other languages is contributing to the decline of the Pangasinan language. Many Pangasinan people, especially the native speakers are promoting the use of Pangasinan in

704-635: A major source of energy. As human habitats have increased and expanded, civets have preyed on livestock and smaller domesticated animals, such as fowls, ducks, rabbits, and cats. Kopi luwak , called cà phê cứt chồn in Vietnam and Tagalog : kape alamid in the Philippines) is coffee that is prepared using coffee cherries that have been eaten and partly digested by the Asian palm civet and then harvested from its fecal matter. The civets digest

792-613: A meeting of activists in Tarlac, while Gomez was jailed numerous times, but survived to be co-founder of women's rights group GABRIELA . Both were eventually recognized by having their names posthumously inscribed on the wall of remembrance of the Philippines' Bantayog ng mga Bayani , which honors the martyrs and heroes which fought the dictatorship. In February 1986, both the COMELEC and the NAMFREL counts showed that Corazon Aquino had won

880-472: A minority in the province. Its economy is larger than the Ilocano provinces of Ilocos Norte, Ilocos Sur and La Union and its population is more than 50 percent of the population of Region 1. The Philippine economy took a turn for the worse in the late 1960s and early 1970s, with the 1969 Philippine balance of payments crisis being one of the early landmark events. Economic analysts generally attribute this to

968-440: A publication by Luigi Malamocco. The 1324 mass would have predated the mass held in 1521 by Ferdinand Magellan which is generally regarded as the first mass in the Philippines by some 197 years. However, historian William Henry Scott concluded after examining Oderic's writings about his travels that he likely never set foot on Philippine soil and if he did, there is no reason to think that he celebrated mass. On April 27, 1565,

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1056-872: A separate family Eupleridae , with other carnivorans of Madagascar. The Malagasy civet was to be placed in the subfamily Hemigalinae with the banded palm civets and then in its own subfamily, Fossinae, because of similarities with others in the group pointed out by Gregory , but it is now classified as a member of the subfamily Euplerinae , after Pocock pointed out more similarities with that one. Civets are also called toddy cats in English, marapaṭṭi ( മരപട്ടി ) in Malayalam , musang in Malay , Filipino, and Indonesian , and urulǣvā ( උරුලෑවා ) in Sinhalese . There can be confusion among speakers of Malay because

1144-511: A wave of prehistoric human migration that is widely believed to have originated from Southern China via Taiwan between 10 and 6 thousand years ago. The word Pangasinan means 'land of salt' or 'place of salt-making'; it is derived from the root word asin , the word for 'salt' in Pangasinan. Pangasinan could also refer to a 'container of salt or salted products'; it refers to the ceramic jar for storage of salt or salted-products or its contents. Written Pangasinan and oral literature in

1232-532: Is a small, lean, mostly nocturnal mammal native to tropical Asia and Africa, especially the tropical forests. The term civet applies to over a dozen different species, mostly from the family Viverridae . Most of the species's diversity is found in southeast Asia. Civets do not form a monophyletic group, as they consist only of certain members of the Viverridae, Eupleridae , and Nandiniidae . The African civet , Civettictis civetta , has historically been

1320-482: Is classified under the Pangasinic group of languages. The other Pangasinic languages are: Pangasinan is the official language of the province of Pangasinan, located on the west central area of the island of Luzon along Lingayen Gulf . The people of Pangasinan are also referred to as Pangasinense. The province has a total population of 2,343,086 (2000), of which 2 million speak Pangasinan. As of 2020, Pangasinan

1408-659: Is cruel to animals. Between these ethical concerns and the availability of synthetic substitutes, the practice of raising civets for musk is dying out. Chanel , maker of the popular perfume Chanel No. 5 , claims that natural civet has been replaced with a synthetic substitute since 1998. Viverrids are native to sub-Saharan Africa , Madagascar, the Iberian Peninsula , southern China, South and Southeast Asia. Favoured habitats include woodland, savanna, and mountain biome . In consequence, many are faced with severe loss of habitat; several species are considered vulnerable and

1496-459: Is derived from the prefix pang- , meaning "for", the root word asin , meaning "salt”, and suffix -an , signifying "location". The Spanish form of the province's name, Pangasinán , remains predominant, albeit without diacritics and so does its pronunciation: [paŋɡasiˈnan] . The province is a major producer of salt in the Philippines. Its major products include bagoong ("shrimp-paste") and alamang ("salted- krill "). Pangasinan, like

1584-544: Is known as "zohamola" ( Assamese : জহামলা ) which literally means "to have zoha aromatic feces". In Maharashtra Marathi -speaking areas of India, civets are known as "Udmanjar" ( Marathi : उदमांजर ). In Kerala , the Malayalam speaking areas of India , the small Indian civet ( Viverricula indica ) is called "veruk" (വെരുക്‌). In adjoining coastal regions of Karnataka it is called 'beru'/ಬೆರು in kannada as also Tulu. 'Veruku' (வெருகு) in Tamil meant 'cat', particularly during

1672-679: Is located between the towns of Malasiqui and Villasis with a center at about 15° 55′ N and 120° 30′ E near the Cabaruan Hills. Several rivers traverse the province. The longest is the Agno River which originates in the Cordillera Mountains of Benguet and eventually terminates at Lingayen Gulf . Other major rivers include the Bued River , Angalacan River , Sinocalan River , Pantal River , Patalan River and

1760-561: Is nonexistent. The Malayan civet is found in many habitats, including forests, secondary habitats, cultivated land, and the outskirts of villages, and is highly adaptable to human disturbances, including "selective logging" (partial forest removal). African civets ( Civettictis civetta) are listed as Least Concern, but in certain regions of Africa the population is declining due to hunting, direct and indirect poisoning, and an increase in large-scale farm fences that limit population flow. They are also seen as comparatively abundant options in

1848-867: Is not permissible as coda; it can only occur as onset. Even as an onset, the glottal stop disappears in affixation. Glottal stop /ʔ/ sometimes occurs in coda in words ending in vowels, only before a pause. Like other Malayo-Polynesian languages , Pangasinan has a verb–subject–object word order. Pangasinan is an agglutinative language. Benton (1971) lists a number of affixes for nouns. Benton describes affixes in Pangasinan as either "nominal" (affixes attached directly to nouns) and " nominalizing " (affixes which turn other parts of speech into nouns). Benton also describes "non-productive affixes", affixes which are not normally applied to nouns, and only found as part of other pre-existing words. Many of these non-productive affixes are found within words derived from Spanish . Modern Pangasinan consists of 27 letters, which include

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1936-407: Is only located in word-initial positions and after consonants & [ ɾ ] is only pronounced between vowels. Before consonants and word-final positions, [ ɾ ] is in free variation with trill [r]. In Spanish loanwords, [d] and [ ɾ ] contrast in all word positions. All consonantal phonemes except /h, ʔ/ may be a syllable onset or coda . The phoneme /h/ rarely occurs in coda position. Although

2024-1010: Is ranked tenth on the leading languages generally spoken at home in the Philippines with only 334,759 households still speaking the language. Pangasinan is spoken in other Pangasinan communities in the Philippines, mostly in the neighboring provinces of Benguet , La Union , Nueva Ecija , Tarlac , Zambales , and Nueva Vizcaya , and has varying speakers in Metro Manila , Cagayan , Isabela , Bulacan , Bataan , Aurora , Quezon , Cavite , Laguna , Mindoro , Palawan and Mindanao especially in Soccsksargen , Davao Region , Caraga , Bukidnon and Misamis Oriental . Austronesian speakers settled in Maritime Southeast Asia during prehistoric times, perhaps more than 5,000 years ago. The indigenous speakers of Pangasinan are descendants of these settlers, who were probably part of

2112-496: Is similar to the other Malayo-Polynesian languages of the Philippines , as well as Indonesia and Malaysia . It is closely related to the Ibaloi language spoken in the neighboring province of Benguet , located northwest of Pangasinan. The Pangasinan language along with Ibaloi are classified under the Pangasinic group of languages. The other Pangasinic languages are: Pangasinan language The Pangasinan language belongs to

2200-451: Is the dew So sweet is my dream Suddenly I awake Because of your beauty You are the only one I will love Best of all, my life When it's you that I see All are wiped away The sorrows that I bear When I remember Of your sweet kindness I will not forget you Until life is gone List of numbers from one to ten in English , Tagalog and Pangasinan Cardinal numbers: Ordinal numbers: Ordinal numbers are formed with

2288-651: Is the third most-populated province in the Philippines. The estimated population of the indigenous speakers of the Pangasinan language in the province of Pangasinan is almost 2 million and is projected to double in about 30 years. According to the 2000 census, 47 percent of the population are native Pangasinan and 44 percent are Ilocano settlers . Indigenous Sambal people predominate in the westernmost municipalities of Bolinao and Anda , with others scattered in towns formerly under Zambales. The few ethnic Tagalogs mostly live in towns bordering Tagalog-speaking Nueva Ecija, mostly descendants of settlers from Nueva Ecija itself, with

2376-639: The Asian palm civet , Small indian civet and Golden palm civet species is known as "uguduwa" by the Sinhala-speaking community. The terms uguduwa and kalawedda are used interchangeably by the Sri Lankan community to refer to the same animal. However, the term kalawedda is mostly used to refer to another species in the civet family, the Golden palm civet . Sri Lanka also has an endemic civet species called golden palm civet . Recently this species

2464-564: The Cayanga River . The province of Pangasinan is subdivided into 44 municipalities , 4 cities , and 1,364 barangay (which means "village" or "community"). There are six congressional districts in the province. The capital of the province is Lingayen . In ancient times, the capital of Pangasinan was Binalatongan, now San Carlos . During Japanese occupation, Dagupan was made a wartime capital. Pangasinan has 1,364 barangays comprising its 44 municipalities and 4 cities, ranking

2552-556: The EDSA Revolution . Fidel Ramos was appointed as AFP Chief of Staff and later as Defense Secretary replacing Juan Ponce Enrile . Oscar Orbos , a congressman from Bani, was appointed by Aquino to head the Department of Transportation and Communications and later to Executive Secretary. On May 11, 1992, Fidel V. Ramos ran for President . He became the first Pangasinense President of the Philippines. Under his leadership,

2640-459: The EDSA people power revolution which removed Ferdinand Marcos and compelled him to flee the country. After the downfall of Marcos all local government unit executives were ordered by President Corazon Aquino to vacate their posts. Some local executives were ordered to return to their seats, as in the case of Mayor Ludovico Espinosa of Dasol , who claimed to have joined UNIDO during the height of

2728-701: The First Philippine Republic against American colonization in Northern Luzon. Bugallon was killed in battle on February 5, 1899. The First Philippine Republic was abolished in 1901. In 1907 the Philippine Assembly was established and for the first time five residents of Pangasinan were elected as its district representatives. In 1921, Mauro Navarro, representing Pangasinan in the Philippine Assembly , sponsored

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2816-467: The Ilocano people settled in the province. Pangasinan is the name of the province, the people and the spoken language. Indigenous Pangasinan speakers are estimated to number at least 2 million. The Pangasinan language, which is official in the province, is one of the officially recognized regional languages in the Philippines. Several ethnic groups enrich the cultural fabric of the province. Almost all of

2904-762: The Malayo-Polynesian languages branch of the Austronesian languages family. Pangasinan is similar to other closely related Philippine languages , Malay in Malaysia (as Malaysian ), Indonesia (as Indonesian ), Brunei , and Singapore , Hawaiian in Hawaii and Malagasy in Madagascar . The Pangasinan language is very closely related to the Ibaloi language spoken in the neighboring province of Benguet , located north of Pangasinan. Pangasinan

2992-479: The Seven Years' War between Britain, France and Spain on March 1, 1763. On January 16, 1765, Juan de la Cruz Palaris was captured and Pangasinan independence was lost again. The Katipunan , a nationalist secret society, was founded on July 7, 1892, with the aim of uniting the peoples of the Philippines in the fight for independence and religious freedom. The Philippine Revolution began on August 26, 1896, and

3080-605: The South China Sea . It has a total land area of 5,451.01 square kilometres (2,104.65 sq mi). According to the 2020 census, it has a population of 3,163,190. The official number of registered voters in Pangasinan is 1,651,814. The western portion of the province is part of the homeland of the Sambal people , while the central and eastern portions are the homeland of the Pangasinan people . Due to ethnic migration,

3168-520: The Spanish colonial period. Pangasinan literature , using the indigenous syllabary and the Latin alphabet, continued to flourish during the Spanish and American colonial period. Pangasinan acquired many Spanish and English words, and some indigenous words were Hispanicized or Anglicized. However, use of the ancient syllabary has declined, and not much literature written in it has survived. Most of

3256-610: The bushmeat trade. Masked palm civets sold for meat in local markets of Yunnan , China carried the SARS virus from horseshoe bats to humans, resulting in the 2002–2004 SARS outbreak . Civets are also raised in captivity by humans for two reasons. In Asia, they are raised to process coffee beans. In Ethiopia , they are raised in captivity to collect their perineal secretions, also called civet , to be used in making perfume. Palm civets often venture into cities and suburbs , with people often complaining about civet faeces and

3344-495: The otter civet is classified as endangered. Some species of civet are very rare and elusive and hardly anything is known about them, e.g., the Hose's civet , endemic to the montane forests of northern Borneo , is one of the world's least known carnivores. Civets are unusual among feliforms, and carnivora in general, in that they are omnivores or even herbivores . Many species primarily eat fruit. Some also use flower nectar as

3432-596: The 26 letters of the basic Latin alphabet and the Pangasinan digraph ng : The ancient people of Pangasinan used an indigenous writing system called Kuritan. The ancient Pangasinan script, which is related to the Tagalog Baybayin script, was derived from the Javanese Kawi script of Indonesia and the Vatteluttu or Pallava script of South India . The Latin script was introduced during

3520-932: The American colonial government. These municipalities were a part of the homeland of the Sambal people who wanted to remain within the Zambales province. This 1903 colonial decision has yet to be reverted. Pangasinan and other parts of the Spanish East Indies were ceded to the Americans after the Treaty of Paris , which ended the Spanish–American War . During the Philippine–American War Lieutenant Col. José Torres Bugallón of Salasa fought together with Gen. Antonio Luna to defend

3608-553: The Catholic Church, waved the flag of surrender five days later. The poorly armed Filipino rebels were no match for the Spanish and loyal Filipino soldiers holed inside the Church. The tempo of battle changed when the attackers under the command of Don Vicente Prado devised a crude means of protection to shield them from Spanish fire while advancing. They used trunks of bananas bundled up in sawali which enabled them to move upon

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3696-413: The Church. In 1901, towns of Nueva Ecija, Balungao , Rosales , San Quintin and Umingan were annexed to the province of Pangasinan, because they were further away from the capital and already considered pacified by US forces. On November 30, 1903, several municipalities from northern Zambales including Agno, Alaminos, Anda, Bani, Bolinao, Burgos, Dasol, Infanta and Mabini were ceded to Pangasinan by

3784-547: The Philippines for Spain. The church was strict with adulterers; the punishment was death for both parties. Pangasinans were known to take defeated Sambal , ( Aeta ) and Negrito warriors to sell as slaves to Chinese traders. In 1324, Odoric of Pordenone , a Franciscan missionary from Friuli , Italy, is believed by some to have celebrated a Catholic Mass and baptized natives at Bolinao. In July 2007, memorial markers were set up in Bolinao to commemorate Odoric's journey, based on

3872-475: The Philippines recovered from the oil and power crisis of 1991. His influence sparked the economic growth of Pangasinan when it hosted the 1995 Palarong Pambansa (Philippine National Games). Jose de Venecia , who represented the same district as Eugenio Perez (his former father-in-law), was the second Pangasinense to become Speaker of the House of Representatives in 1992. He was reelected again in 1995. De Venecia

3960-654: The Philippines under Martial Law - an act which allowed him to remain in power for fourteen more years, during which Pangasinan went through many social and economic ups and downs. The human rights abuses , crony capitalism , propagandistic construction projects , and personal expensive lifestyles of the Marcos Family prompted opposition from various Filipino citizens despite the risks of arrest and torture . The Pangasinan Philippine Constabulary (PC) Provincial Camp in Lingayen (renamed Camp Antonio Sison in 2017)

4048-633: The Philippines. It is bordered by La Union to the north, Benguet and Nueva Vizcaya to the northeast, Nueva Ecija to the southeast, and Zambales and Tarlac to the south. To the west of Pangasinan is the South China Sea . The province also encloses Lingayen Gulf . The province has a land area of 5,451.01 square kilometres (2,104.65 sq mi). It is 170 kilometres (110 mi) north of Manila , 50 kilometres (31 mi) south of Baguio , 115 kilometres (71 mi) north of Subic International Airport and Seaport, and 80 square kilometres (31 sq mi) north of Clark International Airport . At

4136-478: The Sangam period (~ 100 BCE to 400 CE). Civets have a broadly cat-like general appearance, though the muzzle is extended and often pointed, rather like that of an otter , mongoose or even possibly a ferret . They range in length from about 43 to 71 cm (17 to 28 in) (excluding their long tails) and in weight from about 1.4 to 4.5 kg (3 to 10 lb). The civet produces a musk (named civet after

4224-484: The Spanish conquistador Miguel López de Legazpi arrived in the Philippine islands with about 500 soldiers and established a Spanish settlement. On May 24, 1570, the Spanish forces defeated Rajah Sulayman and other rulers of Manila and later declared Manila the capital of the Spanish East Indies . After securing Manila, the Spanish forces conquered the rest of the island of Luzon, including Pangasinan. In 1571,

4312-498: The Spanish conquest of Pangasinan began with an expedition by the Spanish conquistador Martín de Goiti , who came from the Spanish settlement in Manila through Pampanga . About a year later another Spanish conquistador, Juan de Salcedo , sailed to Lingayen Gulf and landed at the mouth of the Agno River . Limahong , a Chinese pirate, fled to Pangasinan after his fleet was driven away from Manila in 1574. Limahong failed to establish

4400-462: The Spanish word reloj 'clock' would have been heard as [re.loh] , the final /h/ is dropped resulting in /re.lo/ . However, this word also may have entered the Pangasinan lexicon at early enough a time that the word was still pronounced /re.loʒ/ , with the j pronounced as in French , resulting in /re.los/ in Pangasinan. As a result, both /re.lo/ and /re.los/ occur. The glottal stop /ʔ/

4488-598: The USAFFE ground force from January to May 1942 and the Japanese Insurgencies and Allied Liberation in Pangasinan from 1942 to 1945. After the declaration of Independence on July 4, 1946, Eugenio Perez, a Liberal Party congressman representing the fourth district of Pangasinan, was elected Speaker of the lower Legislative House . He led the House until 1953 when the Nacionalista Party became

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4576-761: The abundance of bolo bamboo ( Gigantochloa levis ). Pangasinan is identified with " Feng-chia-hsi-lan " which appears in Ming Dynasty Chinese records. They are believed to have sent emissaries to China with symbolic "tributes" from 1403 to 1405, which was required to establish trade relations . In the sixteenth-century Pangasinan was called the "Port of Japan" by the Spanish. The locals wore native apparel typical of other maritime Southeast Asian ethnic groups in addition to Japanese and Chinese silks. Even common people were clad in Chinese and Japanese cotton garments. They blackened their teeth and were disgusted by

4664-475: The animal) which is highly valued as a fragrance and stabilizing agent for perfume. Both male and female civets produce the strong-smelling secretion, which is produced by the civet's perineal glands. It is harvested by either killing the animal and removing the glands, or by scraping the secretions from the glands of a live animal. The latter is the preferred method today. Animal rights groups, such as World Animal Protection , express concern that harvesting musk

4752-555: The city of Dagupan (in the north along with the provinces of Benguet and Mountain Province) during the 1986 Philippine presidential election , despite widely acknoweledged election fraud meant to assure a victory for Ferdinand Marcos . Weeks later, Vice Chief of Staff General Fidel V. Ramos , a Pangasinense who was head of the Philippine Integrated National Police, became an instrumental figure in

4840-606: The coast of Alaminos , the Hundred islands have become a famous tourist spot. The terrain of the province, as part of the Central Luzon plains, is typically flat, with a few parts being hilly and/or mountainous. The northeastern municipalities of San Manuel , San Nicolas , Natividad , San Quintin and Umingan have hilly to mountainous areas at the tip of the Cordillera mountains . The Zambales mountains extend to

4928-610: The dominant party. Pangasinan, which is historically and geographically part of the Central Luzon Region , was made politically part of the Ilocos Region (Region I) by the gerrymandering of Ferdinand Marcos , even though Pangasinan has a distinct language and culture, Pangasinan. The political classification of Pangasinan as part of the Ilocos Region generated confusion among some Filipinos. The residents of Pangasinan are Ilocanos, even though Ilocanos constitute

5016-505: The end of the 1700s, Pangasinan had 19,836 native families and 719 Spanish Filipino families . Andres Malong, a native chief of the town of Binalatongan (now named San Carlos City), liberated the province from Spanish rule in December 1660. The people of Pangasinan proclaimed Andres Malong Ari na Pangasinan ("King of Pangasinan"). Pangasinan armies attempted to liberate the neighboring provinces of Pampanga and Ilocos, but were repelled by

5104-534: The flames of the revolution. On June 3, 1898, General Makabulos entered Tarlac. So successful were the Katipunan in their many pitched battles against Spanish forces that on June 30, 1898, Spanish authorities decided to evacuate all forces to Dagupan for a last stand against the rebels. They were ordered to go to Dagupan were all civilian and military personnel, including members of the volunteer locales of towns not yet in rebel hands. Those who heeded this order were

5192-534: The flesh of the coffee cherries but pass the beans inside, where stomach enzymes affect the beans. This adds to the coffee's prized aroma and flavor. About 0.5 kg (1 lb) can cost up to $ 600 in some parts of the world and about $ 100 a cup in others. This demand has led to civet farms on which the civets are fed a diet composed almost exclusively of such cherries, causing them to become severely malnourished. Farm conditions are also routinely described as deplorable. Filipino and Vietnamese oversight of these farms

5280-504: The indigenous word musang has been mistakenly applied to foxes by printed media instead of rubah , which is the correct but lesser-known term. A minority of writers use civet to refer only to Civettictis , Viverra and Viverricula civets. However, in more common usage in English, the name also covers the civets of the viverrid genera Chrotogale , Cynogale , Diplogale , Hemigalus , Arctogalidia , Macrogalidia , Paguma and Paradoxurus . In Sri Lanka ,

5368-565: The language flourished during the Spanish and American period. Writers like Juan Saingan, Felipe Quintos, Narciso Corpus, Antonio Solis, Juan Villamil, Juan Mejía and María C. Magsano wrote and published in Pangasinan. Felipe Quintos, a Pangasinan officer of the Katipunan, wrote Sipi Awaray: Gelew Diad Pilipinas ( Revolución Filipina ) , a history of the Katipunan revolutionary struggle in Pangasinan and surrounding provinces. Narciso Corpus and Antonio Solis co-wrote Impanbilay na Manoc

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5456-1241: The loan words in Pangasinan are Spanish , as the Philippines was ruled by Spain for more than 300 years. Examples are lugar ('place'), podir (from poder , 'power, care'), kontra (from contra , 'against'), birdi ( verde , 'green'), ispiritu ( espíritu , 'spirit'), and santo ('holy, saint'). Malinac ya Labi (original by Julian Velasco). Malinac ya Labi Oras ya mareen Mapalpalnay dagem Katekep to’y linaew Samit day kogip ko Binangonan kon tampol Ta pilit na pusok ya sika'y amamayoen Lalo la no bilay No sikalay nanengneng Napunas ya ami'y Ermen ya akbibiten No nodnonoten ko ra'y samit na ogalim Agtaka nalingwanan Anggad kaayos na bilay Modern Pangasinan with English translation Malinak lay Labi Oras la’y mareen Mapalpalna’y dagem Katekep to’y linaew Samit da’y kugip ko Binangonan kon tampol Lapu’d say limgas mo Sikan sika’y amamayoen Lalo la bilay No sika la’y nanengne'ng Napunas lan amin So ermen ya akbibiten No nanonotan Ko la'y samit day ugalim Ag ta ka nalingwanan Angga’d kauyos na bilay A night of calm An hour of peace A gentle breeze Along with it

5544-583: The main species from which a musky scent used in perfumery, also referred to as " civet ", was obtained. The common name is used for a variety of carnivoran mammal species, mostly of the family Viverridae . It is also used to refer to the African palm civet and the Malagasy civet . The African palm civet ( Nandinia binotata ) is genetically distinct and belongs in its own monotypic family, Nandiniidae . The Malagasy civet ( Fossa fossana ) belongs to

5632-686: The municipality of Lingayen has the highest population at 12,642. Iton in Bayambang has the lowest with only 99 as of the 2010 census. The population of Pangasinan in the 2020 census was 3,163,190 people, with a density of 580 inhabitants per square kilometre or 1,500 inhabitants per square mile. The Pangasinan people (Totoon Pangasinan) are called Pangasinan or the Hispanicized name Pangasinense , or simply taga-Pangasinan , which means "native of Pangasinan". Pangasinan people were known as traders, businesspeople, farmers and fishers. Pangasinan

5720-424: The open-mid variants [ɛ]/[ɔ] occur in open and closed final syllables before a pause. The default variants [ɪ]/[ʊ] occur in all other environments. Some speakers have /ɛ/ and /ɔ/ as distinct phonemes, but only in loanwords. Pangasinan is one of the Philippine languages that do not exhibit [ ɾ ]-[d] allophony, they only contrast before consonants and word-final positions; otherwise, they become allophones where [d]

5808-406: The people are Pangasinans and the rest are descendants of the Bolinao and Ilocano who settled the eastern and western parts of the province. Pangasinan is spoken as a second language by many ethnic minorities in Pangasinan. The minority ethnic groups are the Bolinao-speaking Zambals , and Ilocanos . Popular tourist attractions in Pangasinan include the Hundred Islands National Park in Alaminos

5896-409: The prefix kuma- ( ka- plus infix -um ). Example: kumadua , 'second'. Associative numbers: Associative numbers are formed with the prefix ka- . Example: katlo , 'third of a group of three'. Fractions: Fraction numbers are formed with the prefix ka- and an associative number. Example: kakatlo , 'third part'. Multiplicatives: Multiplicative ordinal numbers are formed with

5984-554: The prefix pi- and a cardinal number from two to four or pin- for other numbers except for number one. Example: kaisa , 'first time'; pidua , 'second time'; pinlima , 'fifth time'. Multiplicative cardinal numbers are formed with the prefix man- ( mami- or mamin- for present or future tense, and ami- or amin- for the past tense) to the corresponding multiplicative ordinal number. Example: aminsan , 'once'; amidua , 'twice'; mamitlo , 'thrice'. Distributives: Distributive cardinal numbers are formed with

6072-485: The prefixes san- , tag- , or tunggal and a cardinal number. Example: sansakey , 'one each'; sanderua , 'two each'. Distributive multiplicative numbers are formed with the prefixes magsi- , tunggal , or balangsakey and a multiplicative cardinal number. Example: tunggal pamidua , 'twice each'; magsi-pamidua , 'each twice'. The following is a list of some dictionaries and references: Civet A civet ( / ˈ s ɪ v ɪ t / )

6160-459: The print and broadcast media, Internet, local governments, courts, public facilities and schools in Pangasinan. In April 2006, the creation of Pangasinan Misplaced Pages was proposed, which the Wikimedia Foundation approved for publication on the Internet. Pangasinan has the following vowel phonemes: In native vocabulary, /i/ and /u/ are realized as [i ~ ɪ ~ ɛ] and [u ~ ʊ ~ ɔ]. The close variants [i]/[u] are only used in stressed open syllables, while

6248-436: The province at 3rd with the most barangays in a Philippine province, only behind the Visayan provinces of Leyte and Iloilo . Longos Amangonan Parac‑Parac Fabrica is the longest named barangay in the Philippines, it is situated in the municipality of San Fabian, Pangasinan . The most populous barangay in the province is Bonuan Gueset in Dagupan with a population of 22,042 as of 2010. If cities are excluded, Poblacion in

6336-458: The province's western towns of Labrador , Mabini , Bugallon , Aguilar , Mangatarem , Dasol , and Infanta forming the mountainous portions of those towns. The Philippine Institute of Volcanology and Seismology (PHIVOLCS) reported several inactive volcanoes in the province: Amorong , Balungao , Cabaluyan, Cahelietan, Candong, and Malabobo. PHIVOLCS reported no active or potentially active volcanoes in Pangasinan. A caldera -like landform

6424-599: The provincial capital. This allowed Maramba to expand his operations to include Malasiqui, Urdaneta and Mapandan which he defeated in succession. He then defeated the town of Mangaldan before proceeding to the last Spanish garrison in Dagupan. On March 7, 1898, rebels under the command of Prado and Quesada attacked convents in the province of Zambales which now constitute western Pangasinan. Attacked and brought under Filipino control were Alaminos, Agno, Anda, Alos, Bani, Balincaguin, Bolinao, Dasol, Eguia and Potot. The revolt then spread to Labrador, Sual, Salasa and many other towns in

6512-415: The ramp-up on loan-funded government spending to promote Ferdinand Marcos’ 1969 reelection campaign . Many students from Pangasinan were part of the protests that began in 1970 and continued through 1971 and early 1972, calling for government and economic reforms. In September 1972, one year before the expected end of his last constitutionally allowed term as president in 1973, Ferdinand Marcos finally placed

6600-538: The rest from Bulacan and Aurora . The Pangasinan people are closely related to the Austronesian-speaking peoples of the Philippines as well as Indonesia and Malaysia . The Pangasinan language is an agglutinative language. It belongs to the Malayo-Polynesian languages branch of the Austronesian language family and is the primary language of the province of Pangasinan, as well as northern Tarlac and southwestern La Union. The Pangasinan language

6688-636: The rest of the Philippine islands , was settled by Austronesian peoples by sea during the Austronesian expansion . They established settlements along the Lingayen Gulf and was part of the ancient Austronesian trade routes to India , China , and Japan , since at least the 8th century AD. The primary industry along the coastal areas was salt-making, which is the origin of the name "Pangasinan" ("place of salt-making"). The interior lands were called " Caboloan " ("place of bolo bamboos"), referring to

6776-416: The slightly longer Japanese occupation, when Dagupan was the capital. The province of Pangasinan was formerly classified as an alcaldía mayor de término or first class civil province during the Spanish regime and has remained a first class-A province to the present. Its territorial jurisdiction once included most of the province of Zambales and portions of what are now Tarlac and La Union provinces. By

6864-415: The south. Pangasinans were also described as a warlike people who were known for their resistance to Spanish conquest. Bishop Domingo Salazar described Pangasinans as the fiercest and cruelest in the land. They were untouched by Christianity but like Christians they used vintage wine in small quantities for sacramental practices. The church bragged that they, not the Spanish military, won the northern part of

6952-500: The surrender of 1,500 Spanish soldiers under Commander Federico J. Ceballos and Governor Joaquin de Orengochea. The Battle of Dagupan was fought by local Katipuneros under the command of General Francisco Makabulos and the last remnants of the once mighty Spanish Army under General Francisco Ceballos. Three local heroes fought in the five-day battle, Don Daniel Maramba of Santa Barbara, Don Vicente Prado of San Jacinto and Don Juan Quezada of Dagupan. Their armies amassed in Dagupan making

7040-534: The volunteer forces of Mangaldan, San Jacinto, Pozorrubio, Manaoag, and Villasis. Among the items brought to Dagupan was the image of the Most Holy Rosary of the Virgin of Manaoag which was the patron saint of Pangasinan. The siege began when the forces of Maramba and Prado converged in Dagupan on July 18, 1898. The arrival of General Makabulos strengthened the rebel forces until the Spanish, holed up inside

7128-574: The west. The towns of Sual, Labrador, Lingayen, Salasa and Bayambang were occupied first by the forces of Prado and Quesada before they attacked Dagupan. On April 17, 1898, General Makabulos appointed Prado to politico-military governor of Pangasinan with Quesada as his second in command. In May 1898 General Emilio Aguinaldo returned from his exile in Hong Kong following the signing of the Pact of Biac-na-Bato in December 1897. Aguinaldo's return gave renewed

7216-503: The white teeth of foreigners which were likened to that of animals. They used porcelain jars typical of Japanese and Chinese households. Japanese-style gunpowder weapons were encountered in naval battles in the area. In exchange for these goods, traders from all over Asia would come to trade primarily for gold and slaves, but also deerskins, civet and other local products. Other than a notably more extensive trade network with Japan and China they were culturally similar to other Luzon groups to

7304-448: The white-sand beaches of Bolinao and Dasol . Dagupan is known for its Bangus Festival ("Milkfish Festival"). Pangasinan is also known for its mangoes and ceramic oven-baked Calasiao puto ("native rice cake"). Pangasinan occupies a strategic geo-political position in the central plain of Luzon. Pangasinan has been described as the gateway to northern Luzon. The name Pangasinan means "place of salt" or "place of salt-making"; it

7392-456: Was led by the leader of the Katipunan, Andres Bonifacio . On November 18, 1897, a Katipunan council was formed in western Pangasinan with Presidente Generalisimo Roman Manalang and General Mauro Ortiz. General Emilio Aguinaldo proclaimed Philippine independence on June 12, 1898. Dagupan , the major commercial center of Pangasinan, was surrounded by Katipunan forces on July 18, 1898. The Battle of Dagupan lasted from July 18 to 23 of that year with

7480-417: Was overthrown. In May 2004, actor-turned-politician Fernando Poe, Jr. of San Carlos City ran for president against incumbent Gloria Macapagal Arroyo . The Pangasinan vote was split by the two presidential candidates, both with Pangasinan roots. Arroyo was elected president but her victory was tainted by charges of electoral fraud and vote-buying. Pangasinan is located in the west central area of Luzon in

7568-495: Was selected by the Ramos' administration party Lakas NUCD to be its presidential candidate in 1998. De Venecia ran but lost to Vice President Joseph Estrada . Oscar Orbos ran for vice president but lost to Senator Gloria Macapagal Arroyo , whose mother, former First Lady Evangelina Macaraeg-Macapagal , hails from Binalonan . Arroyo ascended to the presidency after the second EDSA Revolution when President Joseph Estrada

7656-408: Was so full of political prisoners that the chapel, which measured a mere 4x9 meters, was divided in two by a wall of bars, with one part treated as a jail. Among the most prominent human rights violations victims the regime were student leader Eduardo Aquino who was from Mapandan, Pangasinan and beauty queen turned activist Maita Gomez of Bautista, Pangasinan . Aquino was ambushed by Soldiers during

7744-552: Was split into three separate endemic species as Paradoxurus montanus , P. aureus , and P. stenocephalus . In Bangladesh and Bengali -speaking areas of India, civets are known as "khatash" ( Bengali : খাটাশ ) for the smaller species and "bagdash" ( Bengali : বাগডাশ ) for the larger ones and is now extremely rare in Bangladesh (in the Khulna area of the country, the animal is also known as "shairel"). In Assamese this animal

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