The Iguape-Cananéia-Paranaguá estuary lagoon complex ( Portuguese : Complexo Estuarino Lagunar de Iguape-Cananéia-Paranaguá ) is a stretch of interconnected coastal estuaries and lagoons that extends southwest from Iguape in the south of São Paulo past Cananéia , São Paulo to Paranaguá , Paraná . It includes the Mar Pequeno in São Paulo, between Ilha Comprida and the mainland, and Paranaguá Bay in Paraná.
16-487: The Iguape-Cananéia-Paranaguá estuary lagoon complex lies between 24°25′0″S 47°5′0″W / 24.41667°S 47.08333°W / -24.41667; -47.08333 (Barra do Una, SP) and 25°29′52″S 48°46′57″W / 25.49778°S 48.78250°W / -25.49778; -48.78250 ( Morretes , PR) along the southeast São Paulo coast and the north Paraná coast. The complex covers an area of 2,950 square kilometres (1,140 sq mi). The region
32-495: A boardwalk on the banks of the Nhundiaquara river with historic mansions such as the house where D. Pedro II slept, Marco Zero, fountain, restaurants and the city's first telegraph. The municipality contains: Guar%C3%A1 Area of Relevant Ecological Interest The Guará Area of Relevant Ecological Interest ( Portuguese : Área de Relevante Interesse Ecológico do Guará ) is an area of relevant ecological interest in
48-460: Is a small historic city of the Brazilian state of Paraná . It has a population of around 16,000 people. It is famous for its restaurants, especially a traditional dish called barreado . It is also the home of many historical monuments. The name "Morretes" is a geographical reference to the morros ( Portuguese for "hills") that surround the city. Morretes can be reached by road or by taking
64-509: Is an estuarine system rather than an estuary, connecting to the sea through three tidal channels and interconnected with the Iguape-Cananéia Bay system to the north. Tidal amplitude is about 1.5 metres (4 ft 11 in). The system includes many islands, barrier islands and river deltas, and is the most important ecosystem of the south coast of Brazil. Mean annual temperatures are above 20 °C (68 °F). Annual rainfall
80-713: Is just one lane. Touristic Train (Trem Turístico) : Leaving Curitiba for Paranaguá , it passes through and stopping in Morretes. The train, which travels around 74 km between both Paraná's cities, consists of 18 wagons divided in three classes: economic, touristic and executive. Marumbi Peak (Pico do Marumbi) : Located in Paraná’s sea mountain, the state park of Marumbi remains covered in natural Brazilian Atlantic forest vegetation. Activities such as waterfall bathing, trail walking and climbing are done in this place. Flower Street (Rua das Flores) : The main street of Morretes,
96-404: Is over 2,000 millimetres (79 in). The greatest rainfall is in the summer, from December to February. Vegetation includes Atlantic Forest and extensive mangroves , as well as beaches and coastal dunes. The hillsides are covered by dense rainforest. The coastal strip has pioneer formations of marine influence on the sand banks, and mangroves of arboreal fluviomarine influence. The environment
112-466: Is well preserved and is home to rich and diverse fauna of birds, mammals fish, molluscs and crustaceans. The complex is an important habitat for marine species. Locally endangered species include great horned owl ( Bubo virginianus ), tufted capuchin ( Sapajus apella ), collared peccary ( Pecari tajacu ), white-lipped peccary ( Tayassu pecari ), crab-eating raccoon ( Procyon cancrivorus ) and South American tapir ( Tapirus terrestris ). Since 1980
128-705: Is within the Vale do Ribeira , the poorest part of São Paulo. The population grew by 27.18% from 1960 to 1980, but fell by 2.17% between 1980 and 1989. As of 1994 the human population was 153,164 inhabitants. Altitudes range from 0 to 50 metres (0 to 164 ft). To the north the complex is bordered by the Juréia Massif and the Serra da Canavieira. In the south, Paranaguá Bay extends about 46 kilometres (29 mi) inland, and has depths up to 10 metres (33 ft). The 612 square kilometres (236 sq mi) Paranaguá Bay
144-743: The IUCN has considered the Iguape-Cananéia-Paranaguá estuary region to be one of high global importance for nature conservation. The estuary-lagoon complex, and the Vale do Ribeira as a whole, have a coordinated approach to environmental management, with a number of conservation units of different types. Some are within the Southeast Atlantic Forest World Heritage Site. The main environmental threats come from inefficient handling of chemical products in
160-627: The Litoral Sul Marine Environmental Protection Area. The two were to have the same management council, which was established on 19 December 2008. The ARIE is administered by the São Paulo Forestry Foundation (Fundação para Conservação e a Produção Florestal do Estado de São Paulo). A company was hired in 2013 to prepare a management plan for São Paulo's three marine environmental protection areas (south, center and north) and
176-534: The historical Serra Verde Express train from Curitiba , or the touristic Paranagua-Curitiba Railway . Saint Benedict's Church (Igreja de São Benedito) : There are a lot of attractions in Morretes. One of them is the Saint Benedict's Church. In 1760, the Brotherhood of Saint Benedict was founded in Morretes. Between 1865 and 1895 the chapel and the cemetery were built, not without some difficulty, as
SECTION 10
#1732772944553192-802: The people of the reserve became proud of their environmental conservation work and the quality of their products, and are seen as leaders in the region. Conservation units covering parts of the complex include the Guará Area of Relevant Ecological Interest , Chaúas Ecological Station , Ilha Comprida Environmental Protection Area , Mandira Extractive Reserve , Taquari Extractive Reserve , Lagamar de Cananéia State Park , Itapanhapima Sustainable Development Reserve , Ilha do Cardoso State Park , Ilha do Tumba Extractive Reserve , Superagui National Park , Ilha do Mel Ecological Station , Ilha do Mel State Park , Guaraqueçaba Ecological Station and Sebuí Private Natural Heritage Reserve . Morretes Morretes
208-586: The planning and zoning process for the Cananéia-Iguape-Peruíbe Environmental Protection Area . Some communities have claimed responsibility for managing natural resources or protected areas. Implementation in 2002 of the 1,175 hectares (2,900 acres) Mandira Extractive Reserve , whose inhabitants are mainly involved in collecting mangrove oysters ( Crassostrea brasiliana ), was a positive example of sustainable development. With recognition and help in marketing,
224-475: The port of Paranaguá, tourism-related real estate speculation in the beach areas, dumping of toxic agricultural waste and heavy metals into the Ribeira de Iguape River , which flows into the estuary, and lack of adequate sewage infrastructure. The coastal communities are interested in maintaining the environment on which they depend for a living. They have been involved in regional conservation initiatives such as
240-476: The region was going through a period of economic decadence. Its architecture is composed of the simplest edified scheme of the religious tradition: nave, bell-tower and main chapel. Inside there are many images from different times, including one of the patron saint, the "glorious St. Benedict". Old Bridge (Ponte Velha) : A steel bridge over the Nhundiaquara river that gives access to restaurants like Madalozo. Pedestrians share space with cars, considering that there
256-431: The state of São Paulo , Brazil. The Guará Area of Relevant Ecological Interest (ARIE) is divided between the municipalities of Iguape ( 44.89%) and Ilha Comprida (55.11%) in the state of São Paulo. It has an area of 455 hectares (1,120 acres). It covers the northwestern tip of the island of Ilha Comprida. The Guará Area of Relevant Ecological Interest was created by decree 53527 of 8 October 2008, which also created
#552447