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62-583: Paradise Garden may refer to: Paradise Garden (novel) Paradise Garden (film) Topics referred to by the same term [REDACTED] This disambiguation page lists articles associated with the title Paradise Garden . If an internal link led you here, you may wish to change the link to point directly to the intended article. Retrieved from " https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Paradise_Garden&oldid=1226430813 " Category : Disambiguation pages Hidden categories: Short description

124-539: A shared parenting arrangement where they spend an approximately equal amount of time with their two parents. Among those living primarily with one single parent, most live with their mother. In 2016 (or latest year available), the proportion of 6-12 year olds living primarily with their single father ranged between 5% and 36% among the different OECD countries. It was highest in Belgium (17%), Iceland (19%), Slovenia (20%), France (22%), Norway (23%) and Sweden (36%), while it

186-409: A "spell" over the book. Astrid Dornbrach of Die Rheinpfalz praised the novel for its "skillful and tight-knit escorting of content," noting that Fischer's style "sometimes loosely plays around it, mitigating it or lending it sharpness." The novel's exploration of social class and marginalization has also been a point of discussion among critics. Andrea Gerk of Westdeutscher Rundfunk noted that

248-455: A 1994 study observed that it was socially acceptable for unmarried single Mende women to have children due to the social stigma of being a women with no children. In South Africa , the number of single-parent households has risen in the twentieth and twenty-first centuries due to a variety of factors, including the HIV/AIDs epidemic , increasing economic migration within the country, and

310-832: A backup plan for potential children in case something happens to them. Traveling is also made more complex, as the child must either be left in someone else's care, or taken along. In 2003, 14% of all Australian households were single-parent families. In Australia 2011, out of all families 15.9% were single parent families. Out of these families 17.6% of the single parents were males, whilst 82.4% were females. Single people are eligible to apply for adoption in all states of Australia, except for Queensland and South Australia. They are able to apply for adoption both to Australian born and international born children, although not many other countries allow single parent adoptions. Single parents in Australia are eligible for support payments from

372-439: A child born to a single mother, conceived through IVF . The Delhi High Court has held that "mother’s name is sufficient in certain cases like the present one to apply for passport, especially as a single woman can be a natural guardian and also a parent". Considering these socio-legal transformations, a study suggested that despite facing numerous challenges, single mothers who are raising their children with little support from

434-781: A contrast, children in a shared parenting arrangement that live approximately equal amount of time with their divorced mother and father have about the same well-being as children from intact families and better outcomes than children with only one custodial parent. The United Kingdom Office for National Statistics has reported that children of single parents, after controlling for other variables like family income, are more likely to have problems, including being twice as likely to suffer from mental illness. Both British and American researchers show that children with no fathers are three times more likely to be unhappy, and are also more likely to engage in anti-social behavior, abuse substances and engage in juvenile deliquency. Historically, death of

496-551: A health company. However, she never lost her desire to write. "It always pricked," she said, describing the feeling of envy she experienced when attending readings or seeing others take their first steps as authors. Fischer's breakthrough came when she participated in the Darmstadt Text Workshop in 2019 and 2020, led by writer Kurt Drawert. There, she presented two texts, the second of which was an excerpt from Paradise Garden . The positive feedback she received from

558-554: A heated argument between the two women leads to a tragic accident, resulting in Marika's death. Devastated by the loss of her mother, Billie is faced with the decision of either moving to Hungary with her grandmother or being placed in a youth home. Instead, she chooses to embark on a journey to find her father, whom she has never met and knows nothing about, except for a torn photograph left behind by her mother. Using her mother's old Nissan , which she had taught Billie to drive when she

620-610: A high-rise apartment complex on the outskirts of a German city. Marika, a single mother who emigrated from Hungary, works two jobs to make ends meet but struggles to provide for herself and her daughter. Despite their financial difficulties, Marika uses her creativity and optimism to bring joy and magic into their lives. Their lives are upended when Marika's mother, Billie's grandmother, arrives unexpectedly from Hungary, claiming to be ill and in need of medical treatment. The grandmother moves into their small apartment, causing tension and dredging up old conflicts between her and Marika. One day,

682-547: A lot about culture and customs. Bringing that back to life in the novel gave me a lot of joy." In an interview with Alexander Jürgs from the Frankfurter Allgemeine Zeitung , Fischer discussed her journey to becoming a writer. Despite always having a passion for writing, Fischer initially pursued other careers, such as studying literature and film in Mainz and working in the communications department of

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744-655: A mother. The proportion headed by a father varied between 9% and 25%. It was lowest in Estonia (9%), Costa Rica (10%), Cyprus (10%), Japan (10%), Ireland (10%) and the United Kingdom (12%), while it was highest in Norway (22%), Spain (23%), Sweden (24%), Romania (25%) and the United States (25%). These numbers were not provided for Canada, Australia or New Zealand. In 2016/17, the proportion of children living in

806-465: A partner was a common cause of single parenting. Diseases and maternal death not infrequently resulted in a widower or widow responsible for children. At certain times wars might also deprive significant numbers of families of a parent. Improvements in sanitation and maternal care have decreased mortality for those of reproductive age, making death a less common cause of single parenting. Child custody in reference to divorce refers to which parent

868-503: A place to stay, providing her with a sense of belonging and a connection to her mother's past. A significant theme in the novel is the impact of poverty and social inequality on individuals and families. Through Billie's experiences living in a high-rise housing complex on the outskirts of the city, Fischer sheds light on the daily struggles and prejudices faced by those living in marginalized communities. The contrast between Billie's world and that of her wealthy best friend, Lea, highlights

930-426: A road trip across Germany to find her estranged father. The novel explores themes of resilience, mother-daughter relationships, the power of storytelling, and the impact of class and marginalization. It received widespread acclaim for its moving portrayal of Billie's journey and its nuanced social commentary and was longlisted for the 2023 German Book Prize . Fourteen-year-old Billie lives with her mother, Marika, in

992-666: A single parent family is strongly correlated with school failure and problems of delinquency, drug use, teenage pregnancies , poverty, and welfare dependency in the United States. Using multilevel modelling, Suet-Ling Pong has shown that a high proportion of American children from single parent families perform poorly on mathematics and reading achievement tests. In Sweden, Emma Fransson et al. have shown that children living with one single parent have worse well-being in terms of physical health behavior, mental health, peer friendships, bullying, cultural activities, sports, and family relationships, compared to children from intact families. As

1054-429: A single parent, leaving it even more difficult to come out of the poverty cycle. The gender of the baby seems to have no effect if the father is not living with the mother at the time of the birth, meaning they are still likely to leave after one year of the child's birth. Yet there is some evidence that suggests that if the father is living with the mother at the time of the birth he is more likely to stay after one year if

1116-682: A single-parent household varied between 6% and 28% in the different OECD countries, with an OECD country average of 17%. It was lowest in Turkey (2015, 6%), Greece (8%), Croatia (8%) and Poland (10%), while it was highest in France (23%), United Kingdom (23%), Belgium (25%), Lithuania (25%), United States (27%) and Latvia (28%). It was 19% in Ireland and Canada. Among children living in a single-parent household, most live primarily with their mother, others primarily with their father, while other children have

1178-502: A trigger for mental health issues in single mothers. They are especially at risk for having higher levels of depressive symptoms. Studies from the 1970s showed that single mothers who are not financially stable are more likely to experience depression. In a more current study it was proven that financial strain was directly correlated with high levels of depression. Among low-income single mothers, depressive symptoms may be as high as 60%. Inadequate access to mental health care services

1240-655: A woman. Single-parent households are on average much poorer, a pattern largely explained by the lack of a second source of income in the home itself. According to a 2016 report from the United States Census Bureau , the percentage of children living in families with two parents decreased from 88 to 69 between 1960 and 2016. Of those 50.7 million children living in families with two parents, 47.7 million live with two married parents and 3.0 million live with two unmarried parents. The percentage of children living with single parents increased substantially in

1302-444: Is allowed to make important decisions about the children involved. Physical custody refers to which parent the child lives with. Among divorced parents, "parallel parenting" refers to parenting after divorce in which each parent does so independently; this is most common. In comparison, cooperative parenting occurs when the parents involved in the child's life work together around all involved parties' schedules and activities, and this

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1364-429: Is different from Wikidata All article disambiguation pages All disambiguation pages Paradise Garden (novel) Paradise Garden is a 2023 coming-of-age novel by German writer Elena Fischer  [ de ] . The story follows 14-year-old Billie, who lives with her struggling single mother Marika in a high-rise apartment complex. After a tragic accident claims Marika's life, Billie embarks on

1426-645: Is due to stigma disabilities have carried in South African society and the blame placed upon the women for having a child with a disability. In the United Kingdom , about 1 out of 4 families with dependent children are single-parent families, 8 to 11 percent of which have a male single-parent. UK poverty figures show that 52% of single parent families are below the Government-defined poverty line (after housing costs). Single parents in

1488-411: Is far less common. After a certain "crisis period," most children resume normal development; however, their future relationships are often affected, as they lack a model upon which to base a healthy long-term relationship. Nonetheless, as adults children of divorcees cope better with change. Keeping in touch with both parents and having a healthy relationship with both mother and father appears to have

1550-409: Is more widely used. The perception of single mothers within South African society varies depending on the cause of their situation. Women whose husbands died are not typically judged in the same way as divorced, separated, or unmarried women. Within South African media, the idea that unmarried women may seek to become pregnant in order to access child benefits is a common one. To avoid social stigma,

1612-465: Is prevalent amongst impoverished women. Low-income women are less likely to receive mental health care for numerous reasons. Mental health services remain inequitable for low-income, more so, low-income single women are more likely to suffer from depression, anxiety, and other poor mental health outcomes. Researchers Copeland and Snyder (2011) addressed the barriers low-income single mothers have on receiving mental health care, "Visible barriers often include

1674-408: Is the complex relationship between mothers and daughters, as seen through the lens of Billie's relationship with her mother, Marika, and Marika's relationship with her own mother. The novel explores the challenges and sacrifices that come with motherhood, particularly for single mothers like Marika, who must navigate the delicate balance between their own needs and those of their children. Finally,

1736-510: The 17th and 18th centuries at least one-third of children lost one of their parents during childhood; in 19th-century Milan , about half of all children lost at least one parent by age 20; in 19th-century China , almost one-third of boys had lost one parent or both by the age of 15. Such single parenthood was often short in duration, since remarriage rates were high. Divorce was generally rare historically (although this depends on culture and era), and became especially difficult to obtain after

1798-644: The Car , citing similarities in their coming-of-age themes and road trip narratives. However, critics have also noted that Fischer's novel offers a fresh perspective on these themes, particularly in its depiction of poverty and social inequality. Benedikt Herber of Die Zeit praised Paradise Garden as a "deeply sad yet so hopeful" debut novel that blends coming-of-age story, social study, and road novel, lauding Fischer's impressive ability to bring her young protagonist Billie to life through "wonderful-childlike yet highly precise allegories, metaphors and aphorisms" that cast

1860-451: The UK are almost twice as likely to be in low-paid jobs as other workers (39% of working single parents compared with 21% of working people nationally). This is highlighted in a report published by Gingerbread, funded by Trust for London and Barrow Cadbury Trust. In the United States, since the 1960s, there has been a marked increase in the number of children living with a single parent. The jump

1922-762: The United Kingdom. Among households with children in 2005/09, the proportion of single-parent households was 10% in Japan, 16% in the Netherlands, 19% in Sweden, 20% in France, 22% in Denmark, 22% in Germany, 23% in Ireland, 25% in Canada, 25% in the United Kingdom, and 30% in the United States. The U.S. proportion increased from 20% in 1980 to 30% in 2008. In all OECD countries, most single-parent households were headed by

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1984-444: The United Kingdom. By 2016/17, the percentage in Sweden had increased to 28%. Over 9.5 million American families are run by one woman. Single mothers are likely to have mental health issues, financial hardships, live in a low income area, and receive low levels of social support. All of these factors are taken into consideration when evaluating the mental health of single mothers. The occurrence of moderate to severe mental disability

2046-443: The United States during the second half of the 20th century. According to a 2013 Child Trends study, only 9% of children lived with single parents in the 1960s—a figure that increased to 28% in 2012. Single parent households became more common after legislation allowing no fault divorce . Historically Zimbabwe has had a tradition of polygamy , and so a second or third wife might run a household and take care of their children as

2108-402: The building in her novel is fictional and more run-down than its real-life counterpart. Paradise Garden received widespread acclaim upon its release. The novel was praised for its poignant portrayal of a mother-daughter relationship and its nuanced exploration of themes such as loss, resilience, and the search for identity. Katharina Teutsch of the Frankfurter Allgemeine Zeitung described

2170-404: The child is a son rather than a daughter. Some women use artificial insemination to become single mothers by choice. Others choose to adopt. Men may also choose to become single fathers through adoption or surrogacy. Single parent adoptions are controversial. They are, however, still preferred over divorcees, as divorced parents are considered an unnecessary stress on the child. In one study,

2232-584: The child. This also may harm the child. Where they are not acceptable, they sometimes result in forced marriage , however such marriages fail more often than others. In the United States, the rate of unintended pregnancy is higher among unmarried couples than among married ones. In 1990, 73% of births to unmarried women were unintended at the time of conception, compared to about 57% of births overall (1987 data). Mothers with unintended pregnancies, and their children, are subject to numerous adverse health effects, including increased risk of violence and death, and

2294-664: The children are less likely to succeed in school and are more likely to live in poverty and be involved in crime. "Fragile families" are usually caused by an unintended pregnancy out of wedlock. Usually in this situation the father is not completely in the picture and the relationship between the mother, father, and child is consistently unstable. As well as instability, "fragile families" are often limited in resources such as human capital and money. The kids that come from these families are more likely to be hindered within school and don't succeed as well as kids who have strictly single parents or two parent homes. Usually within these families

2356-463: The emerging trend noted in 2000. The most recent data of December 2011 shows approximately 13.7 million single parents in the U.S. Mississippi leads the nation with the highest percent of births to unmarried mothers with 54% in 2014, followed by Louisiana , New Mexico , Florida and South Carolina . In 2006, 12.9 million families in the US were headed by a single parent, 80% of which were headed by

2418-645: The fall of the Roman Empire , in Medieval Europe , due to strong involvement of ecclesiastical courts in family life (though annulment and other forms of separation were more common). Single parent adoptions have existed since the mid 19th century. Men were rarely considered as adoptive parents, and were considered far less desired. Often, children adopted by a single person were raised in pairs rather than alone, and many adoptions by lesbians and gay men were arranged as single parent adoptions. During

2480-425: The families of unmarried women with children will often raise the child(ren) as their own. It is especially common for the child to be raised as a sibling of their mother. However, this is not the case when the child has a disability. A 2023 study found that South African women who gave birth to children with disabilities were often rejected and left by their partners, their partner's family, and their own family. This

2542-578: The families, society or state are challenging the dominant male breadwinner and provider model while redefining the heteronormative model of parenting. At the 2013 census, 17.8% of New Zealand families were single-parent, of which five-sixths were headed by a female. Single-parent families in New Zealand have fewer children than two-parent families; 56% of single-parent families have only one child and 29% have two children, compared to 38% and 40% respectively for two-parent families. In Sierra Leone ,

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2604-416: The father plans to stick around and help raise the child but once the child is born the fathers do not stay for much longer and only one third stay after five years of the child's birth. Most of these fragile families come from low economic status to begin with and the cycle appears to continue; once the child grows up they are just as likely to still be poor. Most fragile families end with the mother becoming

2666-430: The government, but only if they are caring for at least one child under the age of eight. The Supreme Court of India and various High Courts of India have recognized the rights of single mothers to give birth and raise children. The High Court of Kerala , has declared in a case argued by Advocate Aruna A. that, the birth registration authorities cannot insist on the details of the father for registration of birth of

2728-523: The group encouraged her to continue working on the novel. When asked about the challenges of writing about poverty and social inequality, themes central to Paradise Garden , Fischer admitted, "It was painful to show how Billie and her mother live, also because they experience classism ." She drew inspiration from documentaries about child poverty in Germany and the high-rise apartment complex in Gonsenheim , known as "Elsa," although she emphasized that

2790-595: The interviewers asked children questions about their new lifestyle in a single-parent home. The interviewer found that when asked about fears, a high proportion of children feared illness or injury to the parent. When asked about happiness, half of the children talked about outings with their single adoptive parent. A single person wanting to adopt a child has to be mindful of the challenges they may face, and there are certain agencies that will not work with single adoptive parents at all. Single parents will typically only have their own income to live off of, and thus might not have

2852-475: The lack of community resources, transportation, child care, convenient hours, and financial resources." Meanwhile, low-income single mothers are more likely to bring their children in for mental health treatment than themselves. Researchers Copeland and Snyder analyzed sixty-four African American mothers who brought their children in for mental health treatment. These mothers were then screened for mild, moderate, and severe depression and/or anxiety. After three months

2914-746: The mid 19th century many state welfare officials made it difficult if not impossible for single persons to adopt, as agencies searched for married heterosexual couples. In 1965, the Los Angeles Bureau of Adoptions sought single African-Americans for African-American orphans for whom married families could not be found. In 1968, the Child Welfare League of America stated that married couples were preferred, but there were "exceptional circumstances" where single parent adoptions were permissible. Among all households in OECD countries in 2011,

2976-609: The most effect on a child's behavior; which leads to an easier time coping with the divorce as well as development through the child's life. Children will do better with their parents divorce if they have a smooth adjustment period. One way to make this adjustment easier on children is to let them "remain in the same neighborhoods and schools following divorce." Many out-of-wedlock births are unintentional. Out-of-wedlock births are frequently not acceptable to society, and they often result in single parenting. A partner may also leave as he or she may want to shirk responsibility of bringing up

3038-555: The novel "tries to provide careful thoughts and objective information without downplaying its harmful content or implying that there are reasonable perspectives on both sides" when addressing controversial topics. Petra Pluwatsch of the Frankfurter Rundschau praised the novel for its "unpretentious and direct" style, noting that it "aims straight for the heart" in its portrayal of Billie's journey. Anne Amend-Söchting of literaturkritik.de  [ de ] praised

3100-423: The novel as "an equally moving and witty family drama," noting that Fischer "has created a heroine in her debut that one does not quickly lose sight of." The novel's protagonist, Billie, has been hailed as a strong and relatable character, with critics praising her resilience and determination in the face of adversity. Some reviewers have compared Paradise Garden to Wolfgang Herrndorf 's cult novel Why We Took

3162-419: The novel explores the transformative power of writing and storytelling as a means of coping with trauma and finding one's voice. For Billie, writing serves as a way to process her grief and make sense of her experiences, ultimately empowering her to take control of her own narrative and shape her future. Paradise Garden is the debut novel of German author Elena Fischer  [ de ] . When asked about

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3224-485: The novel's "excellent narrative competence" and "a narrative voice full of élan and profundity". Paradise Garden was longlisted for the 2023 German Book Prize . Single parent Single parenthood has been common historically due to parental mortality rate due to disease , wars , homicide , work accidents and maternal mortality . Historical estimates indicate that in French, English, or Spanish villages in

3286-673: The origin of the story, Fischer stated, "There were many different impulses that I combined in this novel: First, the feeling of having to write a novel about the relationship between a father and a daughter, then it became the absent father and Billie's search for him. This automatically brought the mother, then the grandmother, more into the center." Fischer also drew inspiration from her own family history, particularly her Hungarian roots. "Both of my grandfathers were Hungarian Germans ; one grew up near Budapest and lived in Hungary until his young adulthood. [...] Through my grandfather, I learned

3348-424: The proportion of single-parent households was in 3-11% the range, with an average of 7.5%. It was highest in Australia (10%), Canada (10%), Mexico (10%), United States (10%), Lithuania (10%), Costa Rica (11%), Latvia (11%) and New Zealand (11%), while it was lowest in Japan (3%), Greece (4%), Switzerland (4%), Bulgaria (5), Croatia (5%), Germany (5%), Italy (5%) and Cyprus (5%). The proportion was 9% in both Ireland and

3410-572: The researchers used an ethnographic interview to address whether or not the participants used mental health services that were referred to them. Results indicated that the majority of the participants did not use the referred mental health care services for reasons that included: fear of losing their children, being hospitalized and/or stigmatized by their community counterparts. According to David Blankenhorn , Patrick Fagan, Mitch Pearlstein David Popenoe and Barbara Dafoe Whitehead, living in

3472-490: The social changes brought about by colonialism and apartheid . As of 2012, 39% of children living in South Africa lived with their biological mother and not their father, and 4% lived with their biological father but not their mother. In South African academic literature, single mothers are studied as a part of the "female headed household" demographic. Colloquially, the term "single-parent household" or "single mother"

3534-535: The stark disparities that exist within society and the barriers that can prevent upward mobility. The novel also delves into the theme of resilience and the human capacity to find joy and beauty in the face of adversity. Despite the hardships they face, Billie and Marika demonstrate an unwavering determination to make the best of their circumstances, finding small moments of happiness and celebration in their everyday lives. Another theme in Paradise Garden

3596-498: The two lowest income areas, and their mental health was much poorer than those in higher income areas. A similar study on the mental health of single mothers attempted to answer the question, "Are there differences in the prevalence of psychiatric disorders, between married, never-married, and separated/divorced mothers?" Statistically, never married, and separated/divorced mothers had the highest regularities of drug abuse, personality disorder and PTSD . The family structure can become

3658-462: Was caused by an increase in births to unmarried women and by the increasing prevalence of divorces among couples. In 2010, 40.7% of births in the US were to unmarried women. In 2000, 11% of children were living with parents who had never been married, 15.6% of children lived with a divorced parent, and 1.2% lived with a parent who was widowed. The results of the 2010 United States Census showed that 27% of children live with one parent, consistent with

3720-534: Was just twelve, Billie sets off on a road trip across Germany, heading towards the North Sea where she believes her father may be living. Eventually, Billie's journey leads her to a small island off the North Sea coast, where she discovers that her mother had lived with a man for three years after Billie's father abandoned them. This man, who had been a loving figure in Marika's life, welcomes Billie and offers her

3782-463: Was lowest in Lithuania (4%), Ireland (5%), Poland (5%), Estonia (7%), Austria (7%) and the United Kingdom (8%). It was 15% in the United States. In 2005/06, the proportion of 11- to 15-year-old children living in a shared parenting arrangement versus with only one of their parents varied between 1% and 17%, being the highest in Sweden. It was 5% in Ireland and the United States, and 7% in Canada and

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3844-422: Was more pronounced among single mothers at 28.7% compared to partnered mothers at 15.7%. These mental disabilities include but are not limited to anxiety and depression. Financial hardships also affect the mental health of single mothers. Women, ages 15–24, were more likely to live in a low socio-economic area, have one child, and not to have completed their senior year of high school. These women reported to be in

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