16-615: Paradeep , also spelled Paradip (originally Paradweep , also spelled Paradwip ), is a major industrial seaport town and municipality , nearly 80 km from Cuttack city, in Jagatsinghpur district of Odisha , India. Paradeep was constituted as an NAC on 27 September 1979 and converted into a municipality on 12 December 2002. The nearest commercial airport is Biju Patnaik International Airport . The municipality comprises five Revenue Villages, namely Udachandrapur, Chauliapalanda, Sandhakuda, Bijayachandrapur, and Bhitaragarh. Given
32-462: A city could be created on paper, and then industry found to locate there. In the United States, which had much sparsely populated land, the industry typically preceded the town; the town grew up around a factory, mine, or source of water power. As the industry grew, and it and its employees needed goods and services, the town grew with and often around it, until in some cases the town became
48-568: A city. It is a capitalistic and typically unplanned expansion. Examples are Scranton, Pennsylvania , and the mill towns of New England . Many American industrial cities are located in the Great Lakes region of the country, often referred to as the Rust Belt , referring to the declining industry and overall economy of many cities in the region. "The industrial city" as a nickname, though, most frequently refers to South San Francisco , where
64-421: A longitude of 86°34.62' E, the port is built on an artificial harbour , with ships accessing the port via human-made lagoons . The port handled over 100 million tonnes of cargo in 2017–2018, notably thermal coal and iron ore. The port's 55,000 m (590,000 sq ft) of paved concrete storage area can hold about 1000 TEUs (20 ft). It has three mobile cranes, an in-house stuffing/destuffing facility,
80-724: A siding facility, an RO-RO jetty, and single-point mooring. Major industries in Paradip include: Paradeep has several upcoming steel plants, including a US$ 12 billion plant being developed by POSCO of South Korea. In addition, aluminium refineries, thermal power plants, and a petrochemical complex are under development. Paradeep has been identified for development as one of the six major Petroleum, Chemicals and Petrochemicals Investment Regions (PCPIRs) in India. The Paradeep PCPIR has identified an investment potential of US$ 68.84 billion, spread over 284 square kilometres (110 sq mi) in
96-527: Is a town or city in which the municipal economy, at least historically, is centered around industry, with important factories or other production facilities in the town. It has been part of most countries' industrialization process. Air pollution and toxic waste have contributed to the lower life expectancy in some industrial cities. Industrial cities are distinguished from port cities or other transportation hubs , which deal in services. In countries with strong central planning, such as China, India ,
112-579: Is on National Highway 53 and State Highway No. 12, and is also served by the broad-gauge electrified railway system of the East coast. Bus routes connect it to Rourkela , Kolkata , Puri , and Konark . It is also connected to Cuttack by bus and train. The Port of Paradip is the primary port in Odisha, and one of the largest on India's east coast. Located on the Bay of Bengal at a latitude of 20° 55.44' N and
128-661: The Efamine of 1866 when it was used as the main entry point for importing food materials into the famine-struck area. During the early post-independence period, a minor port came into existence at Paradip in 1958 through the efforts of the State Government. Subsequently, the Government decided to construct a major port there. The foundation stone for Paradip Port was laid on 3 January 1962 by Pandit Jawaharlal Nehru , then Prime Minister of India. On completion in 1965,
144-442: The area. As of the 2001 Indian census , Paradip had a population of 73,633. The population was 58% male and 42% female, due to rapid migration of young industrial workers to the area. Paradeep has an average literacy rate of 73%, higher than the national average of 59.5%; male literacy is 79%, and female literacy is 65%. 12% of the population is under 6 years of age. Industrial town An industrial city or industrial town
160-696: The concept of chemical hubs in 2005. In 2007, the concept was reworked and expanded under the name PCPIRs. States with existing PCPIRs include Gujarat . In January 2022, public hearings regarding a proposed PCPIR in Paradeep , Odisha , drew controversy. In 2006, a proposal by the Haldia Development Authority for a chemical hub covering both Nandigram I and Nandigram II community development blocks , prompted concern and controversy among residents. The HDA intended to expropriate some 10,000 acres (4,000 ha) of land owned by farmers in
176-572: The early 17th century, Paradip and its adjoining areas were connected to Cuttack through the Mahanadi river and its branches. Goods were transported to Cuttack from rural areas via the Brahmani and Dhamra rivers, although this was gradually discontinued due to silting of the river bed. In 1819, the British constructed a harbour called False Point, north of the present site of Paradip. In 1862,
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#1732797393590192-596: The increasing population and industrialisation, a proposal to include 15 villages (Paradeep, Garh, Niharuni, Niharuni Kandha, Chouki Matha, Udayabata, Nimidiha, Kotakula, Rangiagarh, Nua Sandhakud, Musadiha, Musadiha Jangle, Boitarkuda, Kaudia, Aganaasi, and Nuagarh) was sent to the state H. & U.D. Department in 2007. Companies established in Paradeep include IFFCO , Paradeep Phosphates Limited, Indian Oil Corporation , Bharat Petroleum , Hindustan Petroleum , Numaligarh Refinery Limited and Goa Carbon Limited . During
208-466: The industrial revolution, these subsidiaries remain important similarly. With this by the end of the nineteenth century the shape and functions of most cities, along with social relations and groving industries, naturally rebuilted Manchester , England, is considered to be the archetype of the industrial city on the basis of Friedrich Engels ' observations. In the Chinese-speaking world ,
224-564: The port was taken over by the Government of India and was declared open on 12 March 1966. Paradip Port was declared the eighth major port of India and the first major deep sea port on the east coast commissioned after independence. The Paradip Port Trust came into being in 1967 for the development and management of the Port. Paradip is located at 20°10′N 86°24′E / 20.16°N 86.40°E / 20.16; 86.40 . It has an average elevation of 1 m (3.3 ft). Paradeep
240-584: The term "industrial city" refers to cities in which the municipal economy is led by heavy industries or the heavy industry is a significant impression of the city to people other than its local residents. Petroleum, Chemicals and Petrochemicals Investment Region In India, Petroleum, Chemicals and Petrochemicals Investment Regions ( PCPIRs ), originally known as Mega-Chemical Industrial Estates ( MCIES ) or chemical hubs , are special economic zones intended to facilitate production of petroleum and petrochemicals . The Government of India introduced
256-510: The term is inscribed on a hillside sign . In Europe, where industries more frequently arose within existing cities, industrialization affected the internal structure of many of them. Potential needs such as raw materials, transportation and labor required for the establishment of industrial zones require consultation of the local and general public. Therefore, special policies are needed. This situation causes industrial zones and industrialists to take on an additional role in terms of policy. Since
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