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36-685: Paralakhemundi shortly known as Parala is district Headquarter of Gajapati district and one of the oldest Municipality established in 1885, in the Indian state of Odisha . Majority of the people in the town speak Odia . The city and the District share its boundaries with Andhra Pradesh. The adjacent town of Pathpatnam is separated by the River Mahendra Tanaya.In later medieval period it became capital of Paralakhemundi Estate of Eastern Ganga dynasty kings of Khemundi Branch. The town

72-490: A literacy rate of 54.29%. 12.23% of the population lives in urban areas. Scheduled Castes and Scheduled Tribes make up 6.78% and 54.29% of the population respectively. Languages of Gajapati district (2011) At the time of the 2011 Census of India , 41.51% of the population in the district spoke Odia , 34.49% Sora , 15.53% Telugu , 5.54% Kui and 1.25% Kuvi as their first language. The mountain Mahendragiri ,

108-515: A population of 803,166, approximate equal to the nation of Bhutan or the US state of North Dakota . This gives it a ranking of 573rd in India (out of a total of 766 ). The district has a population density of 133 inhabitants per square kilometre (340/sq mi). Its population growth rate over the decade 2001–2011 was 10.99%. Gajapati has a sex ratio of 1046 females for every 1000 males, and

144-408: A population of 48,990. Males constitute 51% of the population and females 49%. Paralakhemundi has an average literacy rate of 69%, lower than the national average of 74.04%: male literacy is 77%, and female literacy is 61%. In Paralakhemundi, 11% of the population is under 6 years of age. Paralakhemundi has a population of 87,152 in the year 2023. Majority of the people are Hindu; Christians being

180-479: A segment of Eastern Ghats is situated in Paralakhemundi . Legend says that it is the place where lord Parashurama , a Chiranjeevi staying eternally and doing tapasya . Temples built by Pandavas are seen. Main festival here is Shivaratri , the worship of Shiva , the guru or percepter of lord Parashurama . The district sends two representatives to state legislature, Odisha Vidhan Sabha . The following

216-1581: A separate Odisha State and inclusion of Paralakhemundi estate in Odisha. Gajapati district came into being with effect from 2 October 1992. Prior to this it was a part (Sub-Division) of Ganjam district. Crowned King Period of Rule Siblings & commanders Sibalinga Narayan Bhanudeo (1566–1590) Hari Sankar raula Subarna Kesari Govinda Gajapati Narayan Deo (1590–1630) Mukunda Rudra Gajapati Narayan Deo (1630–1656) Mukunda Deo (1656–1674) Annanta Padmanabh Gajapati Narayan Deo 1st (1674–1702) Sarbajgan Jagannatha Gajapati Narayan Deo 1st (1686–1702) Narahari Naraya Deo (1702–1729) Jannardan Deo, Guntta Narayana Deo, Yoshabanta Deo Bira Padmanabha Narayana Deo 2nd (1729–1748*) Prataprudra Deo, Narasinga Deo Prataprudra Gajapati Narayan Deo 1st (1748–1751*) Narasinga Deo Jagannath Gajapati Narayana Deo 2nd (Adopted Son of Padmanabha Gajapati Narayan Deo, Adopted by Prataparudra Gajapati Narayan Deo) (1751–1770) Goura Chandra Gajapati Narayana Deo 1st (1771 – 20 January 1802) Jagannatha Gajapati Narayana Deo 3rd (1821* – 27 November 1851) (took retirement before his death) (1851–1885) Harikrushan Deo, Rajarajeswar Deo Gourachandra Gajapati Narayan Deo 2nd (1885–1904) Purushottam Deo, Jagnnatha Deo, Padmanabha Narayan Deo Gourachandra Gajapati Narayan Deo 2nd (1904–1913) Court of Wards Krushna Chandra Gajapati Narayan Deo (1913 – 25.05.1974) Gajapati district The history of Gajapati district goes back to

252-677: A stipulated number of soldiers at the time of war and had to fight for the Gajapati in the battle field. Some of the military titles include: The Odia poet Sarala Das who lived during the reign of Kapilendra Deva , has given descriptions about the military divisions in his Odia Mahabharata. The divisions mentioned are: The infantry units of the Gajapati military are as follows: Musical instruments used to motivate soldiers during march and warfare. The names of musical instruments include Damalu, Damame, Tamaka, Bizighosa, Daundi, Ghumura, Bheri, Turi, Ranasingha etc. The names of weapons used by

288-454: Is mild and temperature can fall lowest to 9 °C November to February. The rainy season lasts between mid-June and mid-October and it receives approximately 1000 mm of rainfall primarily from the southwest monsoons. The 7 Tahasils in Gajapati district under one sub-divisions are listed in the following table. The 7 Blocks in Gajapati district under one sub-divisions are listed in the following table. There are 11 Police Stations under

324-571: Is remembered for his contribution in the formation of a separate state, and inclusion of his estate in Odisha . The district headquarters at Paralakhemundi , formerly a Zamindari , has been clustered within a radius of approximately 5 kilometers around the geometric centre of Paralakhemundi . Gajapati district located at the south-east of Odisha between longitude 84° 32'E and 83° 47'E and latitude 18° 44'N and 19° 39'N. The Mahendratanaya River flows through it. The district borders with Andhra Pradesh in

360-585: Is the two Vidhan sabha constituencies of Gajapati district and the elected members of those areas. The district is part of Berhampur (Lok Sabha constituency) . The MP of Berhampur is Chandra Sekhar Sahu from the BJD . Gajapati Empire The Gajapati dynasty , also called the Suryavamsa dynasty ( transl.  Solar dynasty ) or the Routray dynasty , was a medieval Hindu dynasty in

396-413: Is well known for being an ancient cultural center of Odisha and birthplace of noted personalities including poet Gopalakrusna Pattanayaka , statesman Krushna Chandra Gajapati Narayan Deo , lexicographer Gopinatha Nanda Sharma and historian Satyanarayana Rajguru . This town is also known for its century old temples, monasteries, palaces and heritage buildings. As of 2011 India census , Paralakhemundi had

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432-593: The Bahmani sultans ), and Chattrapati . The region known as Kalinga (present-day Odisha) was ruled by the Eastern Gangas .The early Eastern Gangas ruled from Kalinga-nagara (currently Mukhalingam near Srikakulam , Andhra Pradesh). They shifted their capital to Cuttack in the 13th century. The Hindu philosopher Ramanujacharya had a great influence on the Raja Choda Ganga Deva, who renovated

468-490: The Emperor Kapilendra Deva having an elephantry numbering two hundred thousand. Such a large number of war elephants is highly unusual even when compared with any contemporary military of the existing kingdoms during the times of Kapilendra Deva himself, in India. Nizzamuddin writes that the Gajapati encamped on the banks of the river Godavari with an infantry of seven hundred thousand. Fernão Nunes ,

504-690: The Gajapati kingdom , was the direct descendant of the historic dynasty of the Eastern Ganga dynasty Gajapati kings that ruled Odisha for more than seven centuries. During the regime of these kings, the boundaries of the dynasty was extended from the Ganges in the North to Udayagiri, Nellore district in the South. Kolahomee, one of the sons of Gajapati Kapilendra Dev, the Gajapati monarch in the later half of

540-481: The God Vishnu . They also commissioned many temples dedicated to the God Vishnu . In Odia , "Gaja" means elephant and "Pati" means master or husband . As such, Gajapati etymologically means a king with an army of elephants or master of elephants . Gajapati was one of the four titles adopted by kings who ruled in pre-colonial era India, the others being Narapati (e.g. Vijayanagara emperors ), Aswapati (e.g.

576-612: The Indian subcontinent, originally from the region of Trikalinga . At its peak, it ruled over an empire stretching from the Ganges in the north near Hoogly to the Kaveri in the south, comprising large parts of Andhra Pradesh and western regions of West Bengal. It succeeded the Eastern Gangas . 20°31′25″N 85°47′17″E  /  20.52361°N 85.78806°E  / 20.52361; 85.78806 The Gajapati kings patronized Vaishnavite Hinduism and were ardent devotees of

612-579: The 15th century came to this part of Paralakhemundi (then in Ganjam district) and founded the royal family of Paralakhemundi. Gajapati district has been named after Maharaja Sri Krushna Chandra Gajapati Narayan Dev, the Raja Sahib of Paralakhemundi estate. He was honoured as the 1st Prime Minister of the State of Odisha after it was created on 1 April 1936, remembered for his contribution in the formation of

648-424: The Gajapati army are also mentioned like Dhanu, Trona, Sara, Asi, Parigha, Pattisa, Kunta, Jathi, Buruja, Saveli etc. Information with regards to breaking of gateways and walls of forts with the help of horses, elephants and iron instruments are also found in the same text. Other contemporary sources also reveal details on characteristics of the Gajapati military. Muslim texts like Buhan-m-Mansir give accounts of

684-528: The Gajapati soldiers at their capital Cuttack. During the reign of the Emperor Purushottama Deva , the overlordship of Bhimanagari was established in 1471 CE by Narahari Singh who was a scion of the family of the ruling Suryavamshi Gajapati kings. Later in 1578, under the reign of Padmanabha Birabara Harichandan, the kingdom was renamed as Talcher in the honor of their family goddess Taleshwari. The kingdom acceded to India and merged into

720-528: The Mughal Maratha rule of Odisha. Before the British completed control of Odisha, Parala became a feudal state of British Raj during the reign of Gajapati Jagannatha Narayanadev in 1767. The state had some conflict with the British administrators. The king Gajapati Jagannatha Narayanadev and his son was arrested by the British. The state then came under direct British supervision. There was a revolt among

756-604: The Paralakhemundi kingdom. It was part of the Gajapati Kingdom of Odisha. During the 12th century CE Paralakhemundi was part of the Khemundi state. During the reign of Mukunda Dev Khemundi was trifurcated creating 3 states Bada Khemundi, Sana Khemundi and Paralakhemundi. After the trifurcation, Subhalinga Bhanu became the ruler of the Paralakhemundi. This line of kings continued to rule Paralakhemundi throughout

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792-607: The Portuguese-Jewish traveler who spent three years at Vijayanagara , the capital of the Vijayanagara Empire estimates size of the army of Emperor Prataparudra to the extent of 13,000 elephants, 20,000 horses, while fighting against the Vijayanagara Empire and also notes that the Odia soldiers were excellent fighters. Rayavachakamu also gives interesting accounts about the feats and exercises practised by

828-542: The cabinet. Shri Gajapati was the first Prime Minister of the Odisha state from 1 April 1937 to 18 July 1937. He was the Prime Minister of Odisha for the second time from 24 November 1941 to 30 June 1944. It was created from Ganjam District on 2 October, 1992. Gajapati district was named after Krushna Chandra Gajapati Narayan Deb , the King of the Paralakhemundi estate and the first Prime Minister of Orissa , who

864-458: The eastern islands of the lake, which protected the Odia forces. The enemy general encamped at Chiguru Kota located on the shores and tried to excavate a channel in the modern-day Upputeru, so that the water of the lake would empty into the sea and allow an attack on the Gajapati fort. The Gajapatis at the height of their power in the 15th century, ruled over an empire extending from the Ganges in

900-577: The effort of Maharaja Krushna Chandra Gajapati and Utkal Sammilani, the separate state of United Odisha was formed on 1 April 1936. The state of Paralkhemundi in Vizagapatam district was partitioned into two – with the capital and most of the princely state coming under Odisha and the remaining Telugu-speaking areas remained under Madras Presidency. In 1937, the first Governor of Odisha, Sir John Austin Hubback invited Krushna Chandra Gajapati Dev to form

936-534: The empire. One of the causes of the reduction in militarism among the population has been attested to the Bhakti movement initiated by Sri Chaitanya Mahaprabhu, who arrived in the empire during the reign of Emperor Prataparudra and stayed for 18 long years at Puri . Emperor Prataparudra was highly influenced by the works of Chaitanya Mahaprabhu and gave up the military tradition of the Kalinga emperors. He retired to

972-575: The life of an ascetic leaving the future of the empire uncertain. Govinda Vidyadhara took the opportunity to assassinate the sons of the emperor and usurped the throne for himself. The records of the Suryavamsi Gajapatis gives a picture of their military administration which they had inherited from the Eastern Gangas rulers. The Gangas had a vast and well-organised military which was improved upon by Kapilendra Deva . The empire

1008-454: The north by the Jeypore state and the eastern ghats which are called Maliyas or tribal agencies. The town of Paralakhemundi is: "a straggling town in plan much like the letter ‘L’ scattered around the foot of the well wooded hill which is the distinctive feature of the place. The horizontal portion of the ‘L’ faces south, and at the corner where the ‘L’ and the vertical portion join, is situated

1044-620: The north near Hoogly to the Kaveri in the south under the Emperor Kapilendra Deva . But by the early 16th century, the Gajapatis lost great portions of their southern dominion to the Vijayanagara Empire and the Turko-Persian Golconda Sultanate . This period was marked by the influence of Chaitanya Mahaprabhu and by the expansion of Jagannath temple across the length and breadth of

1080-478: The palace( Gajapati Palace ), a most picturesque group of building". This group of buildings was designed and built by Mr. Chisholm. The Khemundi country, consisting of Paralakhemundi, Badakhemundi and Sanakhemundi, was under a single ruler till 1607. Paralakhemundi came under British influence in 1768. Paralakhemundi owes much of its present-day Existence to Sri Krushna Chandra Gajapati Narayan Deo . Krushna Chandra Gajapati Narayan Deo, Maharaja of Paralakhemundi of

1116-492: The second largest religious community. Paralakhemundi is an ancient estate lying in the western corner of the southern portion of then larger Ganjam district (now constitute Ganjam district, Gajapati district, Srikakulam district and parts of Vizianagaram district), and it is bounded in the west by the district of then larger Visakhapatnam district (now constitute Visakhapatnam district, Koraput district, Malkangiri district, Rayagada district, parts of Vizianagaram district) and on

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1152-506: The south, District of Rayagada to the west, District of Ganjam to the east and District of Kandhamala to the north. The district is located on a hilly terrain of Eastern Ghats. The mountain Mahendragiri, a segment of Eastern Ghats is situated in this district. The climate is subtropical with high humidity. The summer season is between March and mid-June and is extremely hot with the temperature reaching 46 °C. The winter season

1188-550: The temple at Puri . Narasingha Deva I built the Sun Temple at Konark and Varaha Lakshmi Narasimha temple, Simhachalam at Visakhapatnam . The Gangas were succeeded by the Gajapati monarchs. Two copper plates of the early Pallava dynasty have been found in the Kolleru Lake, traced to Gajapati Langula Narasimha Deva, an Oriya ruler (Odia Raja). According to legend, the Gajapati fort was located at Kolleti Kota on one of

1224-416: The tribals and Paikas of the state against the King's detention. Due to this, the King was reinstated to his position. Paralakhemundi remained under the administration as a feudatory state until its unification with Odisha. One of the prominent kings of Parala was Krushna Chandra Gajapati . He was an active member of Utkal Sammilani and was instrumental in creating the separate state for Odisha. Finally, with

1260-659: The two Police Districts in Ganjam Administrative district are listed in the following table. Gajapati Police District In 2006 the Ministry of Panchayati Raj named Gajapati one of the country's 250 most backward districts (out of a total of 640 ). It is one of the 19 districts in Odisha currently receiving funds from the Backward Regions Grant Fund Programme (BRGF). According to the 2023 census Gajapati district has

1296-460: Was built on the lines of a military state, with the protection of the state and its expansion being the responsibilities of the state and population. Militarism had penetrated into different ranks of the society and the Emperor had a large standing army which included a large number of soldiers and local-militants in the standing army. Besides the feudal tributary states of the Gajapatis also provided

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