In biological classification , a subfamily ( Latin : subfamilia , plural subfamiliae ) is an auxiliary (intermediate) taxonomic rank , next below family but more inclusive than genus . Standard nomenclature rules end botanical subfamily names with "-oideae", and zoological subfamily names with "-inae".
12-603: The Parastacidae are the family of freshwater crayfish found in the Southern Hemisphere . The family is a classic Gondwana -distributed taxon, with extant members in South America , Madagascar , Australia , New Zealand , and New Guinea , and extinct taxa also in Antarctica . Parastacidae belongs to the superfamily Parastacoidea , the monotypic taxon which contains all crayfish in
24-554: A lack of widespread consensus within the scientific community for extended periods. The continual publication of new data and diverse opinions plays a crucial role in facilitating adjustments and ultimately reaching a consensus over time. The naming of families is codified by various international bodies using the following suffixes: The taxonomic term familia was first used by French botanist Pierre Magnol in his Prodromus historiae generalis plantarum, in quo familiae plantarum per tabulas disponuntur (1689) where he called
36-499: Is commonly referred to as the "walnut family". The delineation of what constitutes a family— or whether a described family should be acknowledged— is established and decided upon by active taxonomists . There are not strict regulations for outlining or acknowledging a family, yet in the realm of plants, these classifications often rely on both the vegetative and reproductive characteristics of plant species. Taxonomists frequently hold varying perspectives on these descriptions, leading to
48-485: Is one of the eight major hierarchical taxonomic ranks in Linnaean taxonomy . It is classified between order and genus . A family may be divided into subfamilies , which are intermediate ranks between the ranks of family and genus. The official family names are Latin in origin; however, popular names are often used: for example, walnut trees and hickory trees belong to the family Juglandaceae , but that family
60-494: The Genera Plantarum of George Bentham and Joseph Dalton Hooker this word ordo was used for what now is given the rank of family. Families serve as valuable units for evolutionary, paleontological, and genetic studies due to their relatively greater stability compared to lower taxonomic levels like genera and species. Subfamily Detarioideae is an example of a botanical subfamily. Detarioideae
72-600: The Bass Strait – Geocharax and Engaeus . The greatest diversity, however, is found on the Australian mainland. Three genera are endemic and have restricted distributions ( Engaewa , Gramastacus and Tenuibranchiurus ), while two are more widespread and contain more than one hundred species between them: Euastacus , around the Australian coast from Melbourne to Brisbane , and Cherax across Australia and New Guinea . The Tasmanian genus Parastacoides
84-566: The Southern Hemisphere . Parastacoidea is the sister taxon to Astacoidea , which contains all crayfish of the Northern Hemisphere . Crayfish and lobsters together comprise the infraorder Astacidea , as shown in the simplified cladogram below: Enoplometopidae Nephropidae Parastacidae Cambaroididae Astacidae Cambaridae Three genera are found in Chile , Virilastacus , Samastacus and Parastacus ,
96-540: The family as a rank intermediate between order and genus was introduced by Pierre André Latreille in his Précis des caractères génériques des insectes, disposés dans un ordre naturel (1796). He used families (some of them were not named) in some but not in all his orders of "insects" (which then included all arthropods ). In nineteenth-century works such as the Prodromus of Augustin Pyramus de Candolle and
108-414: The last of which also occurs disjunctly in southern Brazil and Uruguay . There are no crayfish native to continental Africa, but seven species on Madagascar , all of the genus Astacoides . Australasia is particularly rich in crayfish. The small genus Paranephrops is endemic to New Zealand . The genera Astacopsis is endemic to Tasmania , while a further two are found on either side of
120-575: The seventy-six groups of plants he recognised in his tables families ( familiae ). The concept of rank at that time was not yet settled, and in the preface to the Prodromus Magnol spoke of uniting his families into larger genera , which is far from how the term is used today. In his work Philosophia Botanica published in 1751, Carl Linnaeus employed the term familia to categorize significant plant groups such as trees , herbs , ferns , palms , and so on. Notably, he restricted
132-549: The use of this term solely within the book's morphological section, where he delved into discussions regarding the vegetative and generative aspects of plants. Subsequently, in French botanical publications, from Michel Adanson 's Familles naturelles des plantes (1763) and until the end of the 19th century, the word famille was used as a French equivalent of the Latin ordo (or ordo naturalis ). In zoology ,
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#1732781195693144-528: Was determined to be a synonym of Geocharax , and is no longer valid. The oldest specimens from the family Parastacidae are the Albian fossils of Palaeoechinastacus from Victoria, Australia . The only northern hemisphere representative is also a fossil, Aenigmastacus crandalli from Canada . [REDACTED] [REDACTED] [REDACTED] [REDACTED] [REDACTED] Family (biology) Family ( Latin : familia , pl. : familiae )
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