110-548: Sean Parker (born December 3, 1979) is an American entrepreneur and philanthropist, most notable for co-founding the file-sharing computer service Napster , and was the first president of the social networking website Facebook . He also co-founded Plaxo , Causes , Airtime.com , and Brigade , an online platform for civic engagement. He is the founder and chairman of the Parker Foundation, which focuses on life sciences, global public health, and civic engagement. On
220-408: A CBS News poll in 2009, 58% of Americans who follow the file-sharing issue, considered it acceptable "if a person owns the music CD and shares it with a limited number of friends and acquaintances"; with 18- to 29-year-olds, this percentage reached as much as 70%. In his survey of file-sharing culture, Caraway (2012) noted that 74.4% of participants believed musicians should accept file sharing as
330-727: A European Citizens' Initiative "Freedom to Share" started collecting signatures in order to get the European Commission to discuss (and eventually make rules) on this subject, which is controversial. From the early 2000s until the mid 2010s, online video streaming was usually based on the Adobe Flash Player . After more and more vulnerabilities in Adobe's flash became known, YouTube switched to HTML5 based video playback in January 2015. Peer-to-peer file sharing
440-449: A man-in-the-middle attack . LinkedIn also supports daily the formation of interest groups. In 2012, there were 1,248,019 such groups whose membership varies from 1 to 744,662. Groups support a limited form of discussion area, moderated by the group owners and managers. Groups may be private, accessible to members only or may be open to Internet users in general to read, though they must join in order to post messages. Since groups offer
550-742: A $ 10 million grant to create the Sean N. Parker Autoimmune Research Laboratory at UCSF. Parker is an active supporter of groups including Code for America , Stand Up To Cancer, the Cancer Research Institute, Malaria No More, the Clinton Foundation, ONE, and the " charity: water " campaign. In 2007, Parker founded Causes , originally one of the earliest Facebook applications , as a philanthropic service that uses social media to connect charities with their supporters and potential donors and then communicates that connection to
660-454: A $ 20 million investment from Tiger Global Management LLC at a valuation of approximately $ 2 billion, announced its first acquisition, Mspoke, and improved its 1% premium subscription ratio. In October of that year, Silicon Valley Insider ranked the company No. 10 on its Top 100 List of most valuable startups. By December, the company was valued at $ 1.575 billion in private markets. LinkedIn started its India operations in 2009 and
770-414: A LinkedIn online connection. LinkedIn also allows users to research companies, non-profit organizations, and governments they may be interested in working for. Typing the name of a company or organization in the search box causes pop-up data about the company or organization to appear. Such data may include the ratio of female to male employees, the percentage of the most common titles/positions held within
880-483: A San Francisco-based venture-capital fund founded by Peter Thiel. Founders Fund is focused on investing in early-stage companies, has $ 500 million in aggregate capital, and has invested in Quantcast , Path , and Knewton . Parker was given carte blanche by Thiel when finding investments. In 2014, Parker stepped down from his role at Founders Fund to focus on other projects. Parker has also hosted The TechFellow Awards,
990-579: A connection. LinkedIn can also be used to organize offline events, join groups, write articles, publish job postings, post photos and videos, and more. Founded in Mountain View, California , LinkedIn is currently headquartered in Sunnyvale, California , with 36 global offices as of February 11, 2024. In February 2024, the company had around 18,500 employees . LinkedIn's current CEO is Ryan Roslansky . Jeff Weiner , previously CEO of LinkedIn,
1100-516: A demonstrated interest in compromise and deal-making. In Washington, DC, he has met with Republican lawmakers about ways of encouraging economic investment in struggling areas of the country. He has also supported cannabis law reform and in 2010, following the example of donations by Facebook co-founder Dustin Moskovitz (totaling $ 70,000) donated $ 100,000 to the 2010 California Proposition 19 campaign to legalize marijuana in that state and $ 400,000 to
1210-633: A family." In his teens, Parker's hobbies were hacking and programming. One night, while hacking into the network of a Fortune 500 company, Parker was unable to log out after his father confiscated his computer keyboard. Because his IP address was exposed, FBI agents tracked down the 16-year-old. Since Parker was under 18, he was sentenced to community service. Parker attended Oakton High School in Fairfax County, Virginia for two years before transferring to Chantilly High School in 1996 for his junior and senior years. While there, Parker wrote
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#17327912820991320-404: A field or at an organization or network. This can be used to query the neighborhood around each entity to find updates that might be related to it. This also lets them train machine learning models that can infer new properties about an entity or further information that may apply to it for both summary views and analytics. In January 2013, LinkedIn dropped support for LinkedIn Answers and cited
1430-471: A genius. He considers his time at Napster to be his college education, calling it "Napster University", since he became well-versed in intellectual property law, corporate finance, and entrepreneurship. When Parker was 15, he met 14-year-old Shawn Fanning over the Internet, where the pair bonded over topics such as programming , theoretical physics , and hacking. A few years later, Parker and Fanning,
1540-502: A lack of political engagement and interest in all levels of government across America." Parker is the Executive Chairman of Brigade . The initial round of funding was $ 9.3 million from Parker, with additional sums from other investors. In 2014, Brigade acquired Causes, an online platform for social impact and political activism. Causes had in 2013 acquired Votizen, a political advocacy startup. Parker and The Founders Fund were
1650-501: A letter from the company's CEO Ryan Roslansky, was made to streamline the business's operations. Roslansky further stated that this decision would result in the creation of 250 job opportunities. Additionally, LinkedIn also announced the discontinuance of its China local job apps. In June 2024, Axios reported LinkedIn was testing a new AI assistant for its paid Premium users. In September 2024, LinkedIn suspended its use of UK user data for AI model training after concerns were raised by
1760-486: A letter to the school administration and persuaded them to count the time he spent coding in the computer lab as a foreign language class. Consequently, towards the end of Parker's senior year at Chantilly, he was mostly writing code and starting companies. He graduated in 1998. While still in high school, he interned for Mark Pincus (who would later become the CEO of Zynga ) at Pincus's Washington, DC startup FreeLoader. He won
1870-513: A major part of the first year was dedicated to understanding professionals in India and educating members to leverage LinkedIn for career development. LinkedIn filed for an initial public offering in January 2011. The company traded its first shares on May 19, 2011, under the NYSE symbol "LNKD", at $ 45 (~$ 60.00 in 2023) per share. Shares of LinkedIn rose as much as 171% on their first day of trade on
1980-460: A means for promotion and distribution. This file-sharing culture was termed as cyber socialism , whose legalisation was not the expected cyber-utopia . . According to David Glenn, writing in The Chronicle of Higher Education , "A majority of economic studies have concluded that file-sharing hurts sales". A literature review by Professor Peter Tschmuck found 22 independent studies on
2090-490: A member count of one billion. The basic functionality of LinkedIn allows users to create profiles, which for employees typically consist of a curriculum vitae describing their work experience, education and training, skills, and a personal photo. Employers can list jobs and search for potential candidates. Users can find jobs, people and business opportunities recommended by someone in one's contact network. Users can save jobs that they would like to apply for. Users also have
2200-537: A member's profile page. Among the initial applications were an Amazon Reading List that allows LinkedIn members to display books they are reading, a connection to Tripit, and a Six Apart , WordPress and TypePad application that allows members to display their latest blog postings within their LinkedIn profile. In November 2010, LinkedIn allowed businesses to list products and services on company profile pages; it also permitted LinkedIn members to "recommend" products and services and write reviews. Shortly after, some of
2310-563: A mere platform for job searchers into a social network which allows users a chance to create a personal brand. Career coach Pamela Green describes a personal brand as the "emotional experience you want people to have as a result of interacting with you," and a LinkedIn profile is an aspect of that. A contrasting report suggests that a personal brand is "a public-facing persona, exhibited on LinkedIn, Twitter and other networks, that showcases expertise and fosters new connections." LinkedIn allows professionals to build exposure for their brand within
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#17327912820992420-640: A mobile version of the site. In June 2008, Sequoia Capital , Greylock Partners , and other venture capital firms purchased a 5% stake in the company for $ 53 million, giving the company a post-money valuation of approximately $ 1 billion. In November 2009, LinkedIn opened its office in Mumbai and soon thereafter in Sydney, as it started its Asia-Pacific team expansion. In 2010, LinkedIn opened an International Headquarters in Dublin, Ireland , received
2530-511: A modest increase in sales. "This increase in sales is small relative to other factors that have been found to affect album sales." "File-sharing proponents commonly argue that file-sharing democratizes music consumption by 'levelling the playing field' for new/small artists relative to established/popular artists, by allowing artists to have their work heard by a wider audience, lessening the advantage held by established/popular artists in terms of promotional and other support. My results suggest that
2640-458: A new 'focus on development of new and more engaging ways to share and discuss professional topics across LinkedIn' as the reason for the retirement of the feature. The feature had been launched in 2007 and allowed users to post questions to their network and allowed users to rank answers. In 2014, LinkedIn retired InMaps, a feature which allowed you to visualize your professional network. The feature had been in use since January 2011. According to
2750-433: A number of ways. For example, users can search for second-degree connections who work at a company they are interested in, and then ask a specific first-degree connection in common for an introduction. The "gated-access approach" (where contact with any professional requires either an existing relationship, or the intervention of a contact of theirs) is intended to build trust among the service's users. LinkedIn participated in
2860-450: A part of Votizen 's $ 1.5 million funding round in 2010, and Parker was on the board of directors. He has stated, "Politics for me is the most obvious area [to be disrupted by the Web]." Since 2005, Parker has been an active donor to cancer research, global public health and civic engagement. In 2012, he pledged a $ 5 million grant to Stand Up to Cancer and the Cancer Research Institute to create
2970-546: A partnership between TechCrunch and Founders Fund that annually gives 20 entrepreneurs $ 100,000 each to invest in startups. While working at Founders Fund, Parker had been looking to invest in a company that could further Napster's music-sharing mission legally. In 2009, a friend showed him Spotify , a Swedish music-streaming service, and Parker sent an email to Spotify's founder Daniel Ek . The pair traded emails, and in 2010 Parker invested US$ 15 million in Spotify. Parker, who
3080-507: A positive impact on album sales. Without iTunes, Amazon, and Best Buy, file-sharers would be just file sharers rather than purchasers. If you carry out the 'file-sharing should be legal' argument to its logical conclusion, today's retailers will be tomorrow's file-sharing services that integrate with their respective cloud storage services ." Many argue that file-sharing has forced the owners of entertainment content to make it more widely available legally through fees or advertising on-demand on
3190-419: A professional photographer for their profile photo. Video presentations can be added to one's profile. LinkedIn's capabilities have been expanding so rapidly that a cottage industry of outside consultants has grown up to help users navigate the system. A particular emphasis is helping users with their LinkedIn profiles. There's no hiding in the long grass on LinkedIn ... The number one mistake people make on
3300-515: A promotional tool. LinkedIn LinkedIn ( / l ɪ ŋ k t ˈ ɪ n / ) is a business and employment-focused social media platform that works through websites and mobile apps . It was launched on May 5, 2003 by Reid Hoffman and Eric Ly . Since December 2016, LinkedIn has been a wholly owned subsidiary of Microsoft . The platform is primarily used for professional networking and career development, and allows jobseekers to post their CVs and employers to post jobs. From 2015, most of
3410-504: A result of such lawsuits, many universities added file sharing regulations in their school administrative codes (though some students managed to circumvent them during after school hours). Also in 2003, the MPAA started to take action against BitTorrent sites, leading to the shutdown of Torrentse and Sharelive in July 2003. With the shutdown of eDonkey in 2005, eMule became the dominant client of
Sean Parker - Misplaced Pages Continue
3520-430: A service for iPhone users called "Intro", which inserts a thumbnail of a person's LinkedIn profile in correspondence with that person when reading mail messages in the native iOS Mail program . This is accomplished by re-routing all emails from and to the iPhone through LinkedIn servers, which security firm Bishop Fox asserts has serious privacy implications , violates many organizations' security policies , and resembles
3630-420: A share, a total value of $ 26.2 billion. It was the largest acquisition made by Microsoft , until the acquisition of Activision Blizzard in 2022. The acquisition would be an all-cash, debt-financed transaction. Microsoft would allow LinkedIn to "retain its distinct brand, culture and independence", with Weiner to remain as CEO, who would then report to Microsoft CEO Satya Nadella . Analysts believed Microsoft saw
3740-576: A student at Northeastern University , cofounded Napster , a free file-sharing service for music. Parker raised the initial $ 50,000, and they launched Napster in June 1999. Within a year, the service had tens of millions of users. Napster was opposed by recording labels, the Recording Industry Association of America , and the heavy metal band Metallica , among others. Lawsuits by various industry associations eventually shut down
3850-582: A subsequent revaluation of the same data by George R. Barker of the Australian National University reached the opposite conclusion. "In total, 75% of P2P downloaders responded that if P2P were not available they would have purchased either through paid sites only (9%), CDs only (17%) or through CDs and pay sites (49%). Only 25% of people say they would not have bought the music if it were not available on P2P for free." Barker thus concludes; "This clearly suggests P2P network availability
3960-455: A violation of academic integrity at many schools. Academic file sharing by companies such as Chegg and Course Hero has become a point of particular controversy in recent years. This has led some institutions to provide explicit guidance to students and faculty regarding academic integrity expectations relating to academic file sharing. In 2004, there were an estimated 70 million people participating in online file sharing. According to
4070-512: A website and mobile app and can be easily shared with other users for viewing or collaboration. Such services have become popular via consumer-oriented file hosting services such as Dropbox and Google Drive . With the rising need of sharing big files online easily, new open access sharing platforms have appeared, adding even more services to their core business (cloud storage, multi-device synchronization, online collaboration), such as ShareFile , Tresorit , WeTransfer , or Hightail . rsync
4180-409: Is a more traditional program released in 1996 which synchronizes files on a direct machine-to-machine basis. Data synchronization in general can use other approaches to share files, such as distributed file systems , version control , or mirrors . In addition to file sharing for the purposes of entertainment, academic file sharing has become a topic of increasing concern, as it is deemed to be
4290-668: Is actually an aggregation of data from a number of websites and companies". In June 2021, PrivacySharks claimed that more than 700 million LinkedIn records were on sale on a hacker forum. LinkedIn later stated that this is not a breach, but scraped data which is also a violation of their Terms of Service. Microsoft ended LinkedIn operations in China in October 2021. In 2022, LinkedIn earned $ 13.8 billion in revenue, compared to $ 10.3 billion in 2021. In May 2023, LinkedIn cut 716 positions from its 20,000 workforce. The move, according to
4400-415: Is awaiting extradition. The case involving the downfall of the world's largest and most popular file sharing site was not well received, with hacker group Anonymous bringing down several sites associated with the take-down. In the following days, other file sharing sites began to cease services; FileSonic blocked public downloads on January 22, with Fileserve following suit on January 23. In 2021
4510-519: Is based on the peer-to-peer (P2P) application architecture. Shared files on the computers of other users are indexed on directory servers. P2P technology was used by popular services like Napster and LimeWire . The most popular protocol for P2P sharing is BitTorrent . Cloud-based file syncing and sharing services implement automated file transfers by updating files from a dedicated sharing directory on each user's networked devices. Files placed in this folder also are typically accessible through
Sean Parker - Misplaced Pages Continue
4620-413: Is due to sharing". However, citing Nielsen SoundScan as their source, the co-authors maintained that illegal downloading had not deterred people from being original. "In many creative industries, monetary incentives play a reduced role in motivating authors to remain creative. Data on the supply of new works are consistent with the argument that file-sharing did not discourage authors and publishers. Since
4730-696: Is generally credited as being the first peer-to-peer file sharing system. In December 1999, Napster was sued by several recording companies and lost in A&;M Records, Inc. v. Napster, Inc. . In the case of Napster, it has been ruled that an online service provider could not use the "transitory network transmission" safe harbor in the DMCA if they had control of the network with a server. Gnutella , eDonkey2000 , and Freenet were released in 2000, as MP3.com and Napster were facing litigation. Gnutella , released in March,
4840-572: Is led by the University of Pennsylvania and is also conducted at University of California, San Francisco and the University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center . In November 2017, Science published a study from Parker Institute researchers at MD Anderson Cancer Center showing that melanoma patients who have specific types of bacteria and greater microbial diversity in their gut microbiome responded better to an anti-PD-1 checkpoint inhibitor versus those with less diversity. Based on this work,
4950-444: Is marketed as a tool for copyright infringement. On the other hand, not all file sharing is illegal. Content in the public domain can be freely shared. Even works covered by copyright can be shared under certain circumstances. For example, some artists, publishers, and record labels grant the public a license for unlimited distribution of certain works, sometimes with conditions, and they advocate free content and file sharing as
5060-711: Is now serving as the Executive Chairman. Reid Hoffman , founder of LinkedIn, is chairman of the board. It was funded by Sequoia Capital , Greylock , Bain Capital Ventures , Bessemer Venture Partners and the European Founders Fund. LinkedIn reached profitability in March 2006. Since January 2011, the company had received a total of $ 103 million (about $ 138 million in 2023) of investment . LinkedIn filed for an initial public offering in January 2011 and traded its first shares in May, under
5170-459: Is reducing music demand of 75% of music downloaders which is quite contrary to Andersen and Frenz's much published claim." According to the 2017 paper "Estimating displacement rates of copyrighted content in the EU" by the European Commission , illegal usage increases game sales, stating "The overall conclusion is that for games, illegal online transactions induce more legal transactions." A paper in
5280-618: Is said to have championed Facebook's clean user interface and developed its photo-sharing function. Zuckerberg notes that "Sean was pivotal in helping Facebook transform from a college project into a real company." During a party in 2005, police entered and searched a vacation home Parker was renting and found cocaine. Parker was arrested on suspicion of drug possession but was not charged. This event caused Facebook investors to pressure Parker into resigning as president. However, after stepping down, Parker continued to remain involved with Facebook's growth, and met regularly with Zuckerberg. The event
5390-611: The Forbes 2022 list of the world's billionaires, he was ranked No. 1,096 with a net worth of US$ 2.8 billion. Parker was born in Herndon, Virginia , to Diane Parker, a TV advertising broker, and Bruce Parker, a U.S. government oceanographer and chief scientist at NOAA . When Parker was seven, his father taught him how to program on an Atari 800 . Parker's father, who put his family before his entrepreneurial dreams, told Parker, "if you are going to take risks, take them early before you have
5500-608: The Information Commissioner's Office (ICO). The platform had quietly opted in users globally for data use in AI training. However, following ICO feedback, LinkedIn paused this practice for UK users. A company spokesperson stated that LinkedIn has always allowed users to control how their data is used and has now provided UK users with an opt-out option. In November 2024, Linkedin challenged Australian legislation which sought to ban under-16's from social media platforms on
5610-797: The NYSE symbol "LNKD". The company was founded in December 2002 by Reid Hoffman and the founding team members from PayPal and Socialnet.com (Allen Blue, Eric Ly , Jean-Luc Vaillant, Lee Hower, Konstantin Guericke, Stephen Beitzel, David Eves, Ian McNish, Yan Pujante, Chris Saccheri). In late 2003, Sequoia Capital led the Series A investment in the company. In August 2004, LinkedIn reached 1 million users. In March 2006, LinkedIn achieved its first month of profitability. In April 2007, LinkedIn reached 10 million users. In February 2008, LinkedIn launched
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#17327912820995720-736: The Pirate Bay trial ended in a guilty verdict for the primary founders of the tracker. The decision was appealed, leading to a second guilty verdict in November 2010. In October 2010, Limewire was forced to shut down following a court order in Arista Records LLC v. Lime Group LLC but the Gnutella network remains active through open source clients like FrostWire and gtk-gnutella . Furthermore, multi-protocol file-sharing software such as MLDonkey and Shareaza adapted to support all
5830-625: The research and development team. In March 2016 they started to move in. In February 2016 following an earnings report, LinkedIn's shares dropped 43.6% within a single day, down to $ 108.38 per share. LinkedIn lost $ 10 billion of its market capitalization that day. In 2016, access to LinkedIn was blocked by Russian authorities for non-compliance with the 2015 national legislation that requires social media networks to store citizens' personal data on servers located in Russia. In June 2016, Microsoft announced that it would acquire LinkedIn for $ 196
5940-783: The CFAA (Computer Fraud and Abuse Act) and the DMCA (Digital Millennium Copyright Act). In response hiQ sued LinkedIn in the Northern District of California in San Francisco , asking the court to prohibit LinkedIn from blocking its access to public profiles while the court considered the merits of its request. The court served a preliminary injunction against LinkedIn, which was then forced to allow hiQ to continue to collect public data. LinkedIn appealed this ruling; in September 2019,
6050-503: The Democratic Party backed 2016 California Proposition 63 campaign to require background checks for all ammunition purchases. Parker will donate $ 250 million to launch a new institute aimed at developing more effective cancer treatments by fostering collaboration among leading researchers in the field. For the 2016 presidential election , Parker created a social ballot guide for voters to help each other pledge to vote. Parker
6160-419: The EU's International Safe Harbor Privacy Principles . Users can interact with each other in a variety of ways: Since September 2012, LinkedIn has enabled users to "endorse" each other's skills. However, there is no way of flagging anything other than positive content. LinkedIn solicits endorsements using algorithms that generate skills members might have. Members cannot opt out of such solicitations, with
6270-643: The Immunotherapy Dream Team, uniting laboratory and clinical efforts that will lead to the immunological treatment, control and prevention of cancer. In December 2014, Parker pledged $ 24 million to create the Sean N. Parker Center for Allergy Research at Stanford. In 2015, he made a $ 4.5 million grant to support the Malaria Elimination Initiative at the University of California San Francisco's Global Health Group, and
6380-547: The New York Stock Exchange and closed at $ 94.25, more than 109% above IPO price. Shortly after the IPO, the site's underlying infrastructure was revised to allow accelerated revision-release cycles. In 2011, LinkedIn earned $ 154.6 million in advertising revenue alone, surpassing Twitter , which earned $ 139.5 million. LinkedIn's fourth- quarter 2011, earnings soared because of the company's increase in success in
6490-684: The Parker Institute for Cancer Immunotherapy, in April 2016. The funds initially went to over 300 scientists at 40 laboratories, in six institutions. Starting in 2016, the Parker Institute for Cancer Immunotherapy scientists funded a clinical trial to test the next wave of cancer-fighting T-cells engineered using the CRISPR gene-editing technology. The trial was the first in the United States to test CRISPR-modified cells in humans. The trial
6600-594: The Parker Institute is collaborating with MD Anderson and industry partner Seres Therapeutics to launch a microbiome-cancer immunotherapy clinical trial for advanced melanoma patients. Parker is on the boards of these nonprofits: In February 2015, Parker was ranked number five on the Chronicle of Philanthropy 's 2014 Philanthropy 50 list. In August 2018, Parker was nominated as a Wired "Icon" along with Alex Marson for his research in DNA programming and genome editing in
6710-509: The United States. In 2002, a Tokyo district court ruling shut down File Rogue, and the Recording Industry Association of America (RIAA) filed a lawsuit that effectively shut down Audiogalaxy. From 2002 through 2003, a number of BitTorrent services were established, including Suprnova.org , isoHunt , TorrentSpy , and The Pirate Bay . In September 2003, the RIAA began filing lawsuits against users of P2P file sharing networks such as Kazaa. As
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#17327912820996820-560: The Virginia state computer science fair for developing a web crawler , and was recruited by the CIA. By his senior year of high school, Parker was earning more than $ 80,000 a year through various projects, enough to convince his parents to allow him to skip college and pursue a career as an entrepreneur. In his childhood, Parker was an avid reader, which was the beginning of his lifelong autodidacticism . Several media profiles refer to Parker as
6930-479: The ability to follow different companies. The site also enables members to make "connections" to each other in an online social network which may represent real-world professional relationships. Members can invite anyone to become a connection. Users can obtain introductions to the connections of connections (termed second-degree connections ) and connections of second-degree connections (termed third-degree connections ). A member's list of connections can be used in
7040-524: The ability to interact with LinkedIn's data through creation of managed third-party applications. Applications must go through a review process and request permission from the user before accessing a user's data. Normal use of the API is outlined in LinkedIn's developer documents, including: In October 2008, LinkedIn enabled an "applications platform" which allows external online services to be embedded within
7150-548: The advent of file sharing, the production of music, books, and movies has increased sharply." Glenn Peoples of Billboard disputed the underlying data, saying "SoundScan's number for new releases in any given year represents new commercial titles, not necessarily new creative works." The RIAA likewise responded that "new releases" and "new creative works" are two separate things. "[T]his figure includes re-releases, new compilations of existing songs, and new digital-only versions of catalog albums. SoundScan has also steadily increased
7260-402: The aisle". He favored Democrats and progressive causes such as campaign finance reform and gun control ; he has spoken out in favor of higher taxes, particularly for the "wealthy and super wealthy", and in favor of higher capital-gains taxes. Parker has also supported middle-of-the-road Republican candidates and super PACs , favoring "economically moderate" conservatives and candidates with
7370-585: The appeals court rejected LinkedIn's arguments and the preliminary injunction was upheld. The dispute is ongoing. In 2015, LinkedIn had more than 400 million members in over 200 countries and territories, which was significantly more than competitor Viadeo (50 million as of 2013.) In 2011, its membership grew by approximately two new members every second. In 2020, LinkedIn's membership grew to over 690 million LinkedIn members. As of September 2021, LinkedIn had 774+ million registered members from over 200 countries and territories. In November 2023, LinkedIn reached
7480-688: The campground." As part of the settlement with the commission, Parker gave $ 2.5 million and created a beach-mapping app. Former Coastal Commissioner Assemblyman Mark Stone said, "To be able to put money back into the same community that cares so much about coastal resources is a very positive thing." File-sharing File sharing is the practice of distributing or providing access to digital media , such as computer programs, multimedia (audio, images and video), documents or electronic books . Common methods of storage , transmission and dispersion include removable media , centralized servers on computer networks , Internet-based hyperlinked documents, and
7590-423: The company to be "really big", and that "if Mark ever had any second thoughts, Sean was the one who cut that off". As president, Parker brought on Thiel as Facebook's first investor. In the initial round of funding, he negotiated for Zuckerberg to retain three of Facebook's five board seats, which gave Zuckerberg control of the company and allowed Facebook the freedom to remain a private company. Additionally, Parker
7700-479: The company's revenue came from selling access to information about its members to recruiters and sales professionals. LinkedIn has more than 1 billion registered members from over 200 countries and territories. LinkedIn allows members (both employees and employers) to create profiles and connect with each other in an online social network which may represent real-world professional relationships. Members can invite anyone (whether an existing member or not) to become
7810-437: The company's website, LinkedIn Referrals will no longer be available after May 2018. In September 2021, LinkedIn discontinued LinkedIn stories, a feature that was rolled out worldwide in October 2020. LinkedIn is particularly well-suited for personal branding, which, according to Sandra Long, entails "actively managing one's image and unique value" to position oneself for career opportunities. LinkedIn has evolved from being
7920-516: The eDonkey network. In 2006, police raids took down the Razorback2 eDonkey server and temporarily took down The Pirate Bay . "The File Sharing Act was launched by Chairman Towns in 2009, this act prohibited the use of applications that allowed individuals to share federal information amongst one another. On the other hand, only specific file sharing applications were made available to federal computers" (the United States.Congress.House). In 2009,
8030-422: The effects of music file sharing. "Of these 22 studies, 14 – roughly two-thirds – conclude that unauthorized downloads have a 'negative or even highly negative impact' on recorded music sales. Three of the studies found no significant impact while the remaining five found a positive impact." A study by economists Felix Oberholzer-Gee and Koleman Strumpf in 2004 concluded that music file sharing's effect on sales
8140-517: The external services were no longer supported, including Amazon's Reading List. A mobile version of the site was launched in February 2008 and made available in six languages: Chinese, English, French, German, Japanese and Spanish. In January 2011, LinkedIn acquired CardMunch, a mobile app maker that scans business cards and converts into contacts. In June 2013, CardMunch was noted as an available LinkedIn app. In October 2013, LinkedIn announced
8250-669: The fight against cancer. He's also been named one of Town and Country' s Top 50 Philanthropists and was named in Time 's Healthcare 50 for his work in connecting cancer research. In 2016, he was given the Pontifical Key Philanthropy Award by Cardinal Gianfranco Ravasi at the Vatican for his cancer work. Parker has made substantial donations to both sides of U.S. party politics; his allegedly "nonpartisan" approach favors contributions to "elected officials who have shown themselves willing to work across
8360-419: The film". Parker called the character a "morally reprehensible human being", although he noted, "it's hard to complain about being played by a sex symbol". Additionally, Parker took issue with the movie's version of Eduardo Saverin 's exit from Facebook as it paralleled his own exit from Plaxo. In 2011, Parker was a guest on Late Night with Jimmy Fallon , featured on the cover of the Forbes 400 issue, and
8470-524: The functionality to reach a wide audience without so easily falling foul of anti-spam solutions , there is a constant stream of spam postings, and there now exists a range of firms who offer a spamming service for this very purpose. LinkedIn has devised a few mechanisms to reduce the volume of spam, but recently decided to remove the ability of group owners to inspect the email address of new members in order to determine if they were spammers. Groups also keep their members informed through emails with updates to
8580-539: The grounds that it does 'not have content interesting and appealing to minors.' In July 2012, LinkedIn acquired 15 key Digg patents for $ 4 million including a " click a button to vote up a story " patent. In 2013, a class action lawsuit entitled Perkins vs. LinkedIn Corp was filed against the company, accusing it of automatically sending invitations to contacts in a member's email address book without permission. The court agreed with LinkedIn that permission had in fact been given for invitations to be sent, but not for
8690-534: The group, including most talked about discussions within your professional circles. In December 2011, LinkedIn announced that they are rolling out polls to groups. In November 2013, LinkedIn announced the addition of Showcase Pages to the platform. In 2014, LinkedIn announced they were going to be removing Product and Services Pages paving the way for a greater focus on Showcase Pages. LinkedIn maintains an internal knowledge graph of entities (people, organizations, groups) that helps it connect everyone working in
8800-638: The internet. In a 2011 report by Sandvine showed that Netflix traffic had come to surpass that of BitTorrent . File sharing raises copyright issues and has led to many lawsuits. In the United States , some of these lawsuits have even reached the Supreme Court . For example, in MGM v. Grokster , the Supreme Court ruled that the creators of P2P networks can be held liable if their software
8910-721: The journal Management Science found that file-sharing decreased the chance of survival for low ranked albums on music charts and increased exposure to albums that were ranked high on the music charts, allowing popular and well-known artists to remain on the music charts more often. This hurt new and less-known artists while promoting the work of already popular artists and celebrities. A more recent study that examined pre-release file-sharing of music albums, using BitTorrent software, also discovered positive impacts for "established and popular artists but not newer and smaller artists." According to Robert G. Hammond of North Carolina State University , an album that leaked one month early would see
9020-564: The major file-sharing protocols, so users no longer had to install and configure multiple file-sharing programs. On January 19, 2012, the United States Department of Justice shut down the popular domain of Megaupload (established 2005). The file sharing site has claimed to have over 50,000,000 people a day. Kim Dotcom (formerly Kim Schmitz) was arrested with three associates in New Zealand on January 20, 2012 and
9130-466: The missing features which were there in the older version, slowness, and bugs in it. The issues were faced by free and premium users and with both the desktop and mobile versions of the site. In 2019, LinkedIn launched globally the feature Open for Business that enables freelancers to be discovered on the platform. LinkedIn Events was launched in the same year. In June 2020, Jeff Weiner stepped down as CEO and become executive chairman after 11 years in
9240-600: The number of retailers (especially non-traditional retailers) in their sample over the years, better capturing the number of new releases brought to market. What Oberholzer and Strumpf found was better ability to track new album releases, not greater incentive to create them." A 2006 study prepared by Birgitte Andersen and Marion Frenz, published by Industry Canada , was "unable to discover any direct relationship between P2P file-sharing and CD purchases in Canada". The results of this survey were similarly criticized by academics and
9350-493: The opportunity to integrate LinkedIn with its Office product suite to help better integrate the professional network system with its products . The deal was completed on December 8, 2016. In late 2016, LinkedIn announced a planned increase of 200 new positions in its Dublin office, which would bring the total employee count to 1,200. Since 2017 94% of B2B marketers use LinkedIn to distribute content. Soon after LinkedIn's acquisition by Microsoft, LinkedIn's new desktop version
9460-461: The opposite is happening, which is consistent with evidence on file-sharing behaviour." Billboard cautioned that this research looked only at the pre-release period and not continuous file sharing following a release date. "The problem in believing piracy helps sales is deciding where to draw the line between legal and illegal ... Implicit in the study is the fact that both buyers and sellers are required in order for pre-release file sharing to have
9570-659: The profile is to not have a photo. In October 2012, LinkedIn launched the LinkedIn Influencers program, which features global thought leaders who share their professional insights with LinkedIn's members. As of May 2016, there are 750+ Influencers. The program is invite-only and features leaders from a range of industries, including Richard Branson , Narendra Modi , Arianna Huffington , Greg McKeown , Rahm Emanuel , Jamie Dimon , Martha Stewart , Deepak Chopra , Jack Welch , and Bill Gates . Job seekers and employers widely use LinkedIn. According to Jack Meyer,
9680-471: The result that it sometimes appears that a member is soliciting an endorsement for a non-existent skill. LinkedIn 'applications' often refer to external third-party applications that interact with LinkedIn's developer API. However, in some cases, it could refer to sanctioned applications featured on a user's profile page. In February 2015, LinkedIn released an updated terms of use for their developer API. The developer API allows both companies and individuals
9790-624: The role. Ryan Roslansky stepped up as CEO from his previous position as the senior vice president of product. In late July 2020, LinkedIn announced it laid off 960 employees, about 6 percent of the total workforce, from the talent acquisition and global sales teams. In an email to all employees, CEO Ryan Roslansky said the cuts were due to effects of the global COVID-19 pandemic . In April 2021, CyberNews claimed that 500 million LinkedIn's accounts have leaked online. However, LinkedIn stated that "We have investigated an alleged set of LinkedIn data that has been posted for sale and have determined that it
9900-464: The service. Napster has been called the fastest-growing business of all time, is credited with revolutionizing the music industry, and is considered by some to be a precursor to iTunes . In November 2002, Parker launched Plaxo , an online address book and social networking service that integrated with Microsoft Outlook . Plaxo was an early social networking tool, which later influenced the growth of companies LinkedIn , Zynga , and Facebook . Plaxo
10010-468: The site has become the "premier digital platform" for professionals to network online. In Australia, which has approximately twelve million working professionals, ten million of them are on LinkedIn, according to Anastasia Santoreneos, suggesting that the probability was high that one's "future employer is probably on the site." According to one estimate based on worldwide figures, 122 million users got job interviews via LinkedIn and 35 million were hired by
10120-463: The site itself and on the World Wide Web as a whole. With a tool that LinkedIn dubs a Profile Strength Meter , the site encourages users to offer enough information in their profile to optimize visibility by search engines . It can strengthen a user's LinkedIn presence if they belong to professional groups on the site. The site enables users to add a video to their profiles. Some users hire
10230-508: The social media world. By this point, LinkedIn had about 2,100 full-time employees compared to the 500 that it had in 2010. In April 2014, LinkedIn announced that it had leased 222 Second Street , a 26-story building under construction in San Francisco's SoMa district, to accommodate up to 2,500 of its employees, with the lease covering 10 years. The goal was to join all San Francisco-based staff (1,250 as of January 2016) in one building, bringing sales and marketing employees together with
10340-577: The two further reminder emails. LinkedIn settled the lawsuit in 2015 for $ 13 million (~$ 16.3 million in 2023). Many members should have received a notice in their email with the subject line "Legal Notice of Settlement of Class Action". The Case No. is 13-CV-04303-LHK. In May 2017, LinkedIn sent a Cease-And-Desist letter to hiQ Labs, a Silicon Valley startup that collects data from public profiles and provides analysis of this data to its customers. The letter demanded that hiQ immediately cease "scraping" data from LinkedIn's servers, claiming violations of
10450-558: The use of distributed peer-to-peer networking. File sharing technologies, such as BitTorrent , are integral to modern media piracy , as well as the sharing of scientific data and other free content. Files were first exchanged on removable media . Computers were able to access remote files using filesystem mounting, bulletin board systems (1978), Usenet (1979), and FTP servers (1970's). Internet Relay Chat (1988) and Hotline (1997) enabled users to communicate remotely through chat and to exchange files. The mp3 encoding, which
10560-510: The user's network of friends. By 2013, 186 million people had joined Causes, donating over $ 50 million to 60,000 non-profits. In June 2015, Parker announced a $ 600 million contribution to launch the Parker Foundation, which focuses on three areas - life sciences, global public health, and civic engagement. It takes an interdisciplinary approach to large-scale challenges, combining insight, capital, science and technology, organization building, and public policy. Parker donated $ 250 million to create
10670-404: Was "statistically indistinguishable from zero". This research was disputed by other economists, most notably Stan Liebowitz, who said Oberholzer-Gee and Strumpf had made multiple assumptions about the music industry "that are just not correct." In June 2010, Billboard reported that Oberholzer-Gee and Strumpf had "changed their minds", now finding "no more than 20% of the recent decline in sales
10780-413: Was a student at Stanford . Parker had experience in the social networking industry as an early advisor to Friendster and its founder, Jonathan Abrams , for which he was given a small amount of stock in 2003. Parker met with Mark Zuckerberg and Eduardo Saverin , and a few months later joined the five-month-old company as its president. According to Peter Thiel , Parker was the first to see potential in
10890-660: Was also a driving force behind the Opportunity Zones provision in the Tax Cuts and Jobs Act of 2017 , which are designed to incentivize investments in struggling American communities. In 2015, the Economic Innovation Group, which Parker co-founded, published a whitepaper on the idea of opportunity zones, and in 2017, a bill passing them into law was shepherded by a bi-partisan coalition involving Senator Cory Booker and Senator Tim Scott . Parker
11000-424: Was introduced. The new version was meant to make the user experience seamless across mobile and desktop. Some changes were made according to the feedback received from the previously launched mobile app. Features that were not heavily used were removed. For example, the contact tagging and filtering features are not supported anymore. Following the launch of the new user interface (UI), some users complained about
11110-435: Was later dramatized in the movie The Social Network . In 2017, during an interview with Axios , Parker expressed concerns about the role of Facebook in society, saying that it "exploit[s] a vulnerability in human psychology" as it creates a "social-validation feedback loop". Parker stated that he was "something of a conscientious objector" to using social media. In 2006, Parker became a managing partner at Founders Fund ,
11220-467: Was on Spotify's board until 2017, negotiated with Warner and Universal on Spotify's behalf, and in July 2011, Spotify announced its U.S. launch. At Facebook's f8 conference that year, Parker announced a partnership between Facebook and Spotify, which allowed users to share their Spotify playlists on their Facebook profiles. In April 2014, Parker announced his backing of a new initiative called Brigade , an online platform for civic engagement to "combat
11330-428: Was one of the first products to build virality into its launch, and that earned it 20 million users. Two years after founding Plaxo, Parker was ousted by the company's financiers, Sequoia Capital and Ram Shriram , in an acrimonious exit that reportedly involved the investors hiring private investigators to follow him. In 2004, Parker saw a site called " The Facebook " on the computer of his roommate's girlfriend, who
11440-462: Was portrayed by Justin Timberlake in the 2010 film The Social Network . The movie is an account of Facebook's founding and early days. Although Parker praised David Fincher as a director, many have remarked on the differences between Parker and his portrayal by Timberlake. Former Facebook growth chief Chamath Palihapitiya noted that Parker is "really the exact opposite of his portrayal in
11550-741: Was profiled in Vanity Fair . In 2020, Parker appeared in The Social Dilemma . In 2011, Parker became engaged to Alexandra Lenas, a singer-songwriter, and they were married in 2013. They have a daughter and a son. On June 1, 2013, Parker married Alexandra Lenas in Big Sur , California, in a wedding at which every guest was given a The Lord of the Rings –style costume. The wedding purportedly cost $ 10 million to stage, although Parker describes this estimate as "WAY off base". The wedding
11660-583: Was proprietary and encrypted, and the Kazaa team made substantial efforts to keep other clients such as Morpheus off of the FastTrack network. In October 2001, the MPAA and the RIAA filed a lawsuit against the developers of Kazaa, Morpheus and Grokster that would lead to the US Supreme Court's MGM Studios, Inc. v. Grokster, Ltd. decision in 2005. Shortly after its loss in court, Napster
11770-515: Was shut down to comply with a court order. This drove users to other P2P applications and file sharing continued its growth. The Audiogalaxy Satellite client grew in popularity, and the LimeWire client and BitTorrent protocol were released. Until its decline in 2004, Kazaa was the most popular file-sharing program despite bundled malware and legal battles in the Netherlands, Australia, and
11880-530: Was standardized in 1991 and substantially reduced the size of audio files , grew to widespread use in the late 1990s. In 1998, MP3.com and Audiogalaxy were established, the Digital Millennium Copyright Act was unanimously passed, and the first mp3 player devices were launched. In June 1999, Napster was released as an unstructured centralized peer-to-peer system, requiring a central server for indexing and peer discovery. It
11990-516: Was the first decentralized file-sharing network. In the Gnutella network, all connecting software was considered equal, and therefore the network had no central point of failure . In July, Freenet was released and became the first anonymity network. In September the eDonkey2000 client and server software was released. In March 2001, Kazaa was released. Its FastTrack network was distributed, though, unlike Gnutella, it assigned more traffic to 'supernodes' to increase routing efficiency. The network
12100-648: Was the subject of an article in The Atlantic alleging environmental damage to the redwood forest, to which Parker responded by highlighting his cooperation with the Save the Redwoods League throughout. A required permit was not obtained. In addition, the venue from which he hired the space was not permitted to be closed to the public. A California Coastal Commission spokesperson said "Mr Parker, in essence, leased an ongoing Coastal Act violation when he leased
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