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46-613: Frederick Parker was born in Shoreditch , East London in 1845. He started in business as a chair maker in 1869, after an apprenticeship at his father's furniture factory. He decided to concentrate on making high quality furniture by hand. After working initially in London, Parker moved to High Wycombe – a historic centre of the furniture trade in England – in 1898. Part of the business was to make furniture for ocean liners , including

92-952: A company controlled by the Clarke family (the founders of Silentnight) in 2004. It was bought from Silentnight by Christie-Tyler in March 2005, but Christie-Tyler collapsed into administration within months due to unpaid debts resulting from the financial problems of Courts in November 2004 and Allders in January 2005. It was acquired out of the administration of Christie-Tyler in July 2005 by Sofa Brands International , established by Christie-Tyler's former chief executive Scott Malvenan . Sofa Brands International also acquired other brands including G Plan , Derwent Upholstery , Duresta, Collins & Hayes and Leabrooks Upholstery . The company had opened

138-846: A factory in Chipping Norton in the 1960s, which was closed in 2003. Other factories in Andover and Bridgend were also closed in that year. Since 2016, the company has been based in Sutton-in-Ashfield , Nottinghamshire. When Parker Knoll decided to sell its archive in 1997, a charity – the Frederick Parker Foundation – was established to acquire 170 chairs, 150 carvings and the Frederick Parker Company archive, to maintain as an archive of furniture design and manufacture. The collection

184-461: A new station named Shoreditch High Street closer to central Shoreditch. This is now served by London Overground services on part of the site of the old Bishopsgate Goods Yard , which was demolished in 2004. The station was built on a viaduct and is fully enclosed in a concrete box structure. This is so future building works on the remainder of the Bishopsgate site can be undertaken keeping

230-764: A property overlooking St Helen's churchyard in the Bishopsgate Within area of the City. His early plays were first performed in Shoreditch, at The Theatre and at the nearby Curtain Theatre , built the following year and 200 yards (183 m) to the south (marked by a commemorative plaque in Hewett Street off Curtain Road). Romeo and Juliet was first performed here, gaining "Curtain plaudits", Henry V

276-556: A small sector of the Roman Ermine Street and modern A10 . Known also as the Old North Road, it was a major coaching route to the north, exiting the City at Bishopsgate . The east–west course of Old Street–Hackney Road was also probably originally a Roman Road, connecting Silchester with Colchester , bypassing the City of London to the south. Shoreditch Church (officially known as St Leonard's, Shoreditch )

322-677: A speech in November 2010. As a result, the name of Shoreditch has become synonymous with the concept of contemporary " hipsterfication " of regenerated urban areas. As a pioneer among similar transformations across the UK, various phrases have been coined, from "Shoreditchification" to "Very Shoreditch". In 2014, the Boundary Estate and the nearby area came under the East Shoreditch Neighbourhood Forum. Forum status ceased to have effect on 5 February 2019 but

368-673: A variety of basic designs. They also provided furniture for the BBC 's Broadcasting House in Portland Place, and Cunard 's RMS  Queen Mary . Increasing demand led to the construction of a new factory in High Wycombe to a design commissioned from Wallis, Gilbert & Partners in 1935; it was destroyed in a fire in 1970. During the Second World War, the company manufactured A-frames , wooden boxes, and wings for

414-799: A variety of venues to rival those of the West End. Art galleries, bars, restaurants, media businesses and the building of the Hackney Community College campus are features of this transformation. In the mid-1960s, the main streets of Shoreditch (Old Street, Shoreditch High Street and Curtain Road, Great Eastern Street) were formed into a one-mile-long (1.5-kilometre) one-way system, which became associated with traffic congestion, poor conditions for walking and cycling, high speeds, high collision rates, and delays for bus services. The gyratory system came to be seen as "the main factor holding back

460-661: Is of ancient origin. It is featured in the famous line "when I grow rich say the bells of Shoreditch", from the English nursery rhyme " Oranges and Lemons ". Shoreditch was the site of a house of canonesses, the Augustinian Holywell Priory (named after a Holy Well on the site), from the 12th century until its dissolution in 1539. This priory was located between Shoreditch High Street and Curtain Road to east and west, and Batemans Row and Holywell Lane to north and south. Nothing remains of it today. In 1574,

506-611: Is on long-term loan to a dedicated gallery at the London Metropolitan University 's resource centre, Metropolitan Works . Shoreditch Shoreditch is an area in London , England and is located in the London Borough of Hackney alongside neighbouring parts of Tower Hamlets , which are also perceived as part of the area due to historic ecclesiastical links. Shoreditch lies just north-east of

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552-635: Is supposed to have died or been buried in a ditch in the area. This legend is commemorated today by a large painting, at Haggerston Branch Library, of the body of Shore being retrieved from the ditch, and by a design on glazed tiles in a shop in Shoreditch High Street showing her meeting Edward IV. However, the area was known as Shoreditch long before Jane Shore lived: the Survey of London , for example, lists some 26 deeds dating from between c.  1148 and 1260 which use some version of

598-580: The Bethnal Green and Spitalfields areas of Tower Hamlets to include the name Shoreditch in their company's name and marketing material. This is also seen to a lesser extent in the St Luke's area of the London Borough of Islington . Shoreditch was an administrative unit with consistent boundaries from the Middle Ages until its merger into the London Borough of Hackney in 1965. Shoreditch

644-693: The Jubilee line ) but was not carried forward, it would have had a new tube station near Shoreditch Church if it was built. Formerly a predominantly working-class area, since the 1990s Shoreditch has become a popular and fashionable part of London, particularly associated with the creative industries. Often conflated with its neighbouring sub-district of Hoxton, the area has been subject to considerable gentrification , with accompanying rises in land and property prices. Former industrial buildings have been converted to offices and flats, while Curtain Road and Old Street are notable for their clubs and pubs which offer

690-569: The Victoria and Albert Museum . In the First World War , the Mayor and Borough of Shoreditch raised a pals battalion of volunteers from around the borough who would serve together as the 20th (Shoreditch) Battalion , Middlesex Regiment (Duke of Cambridge's Own) . The Middlesex Regiment the battalion belonged to was nicknamed the "Die-hards". For most of its time in the line, the unit

736-508: The de Havilland Mosquito , and also repaired gliders, returning to furniture manufacturing after the war. The company was listed on the London Stock Exchange in 1950. The company's reclining chairs became a signature item during the 1960s. The parent company became Cornwell Parker plc in 1988, and acquired many other furniture manufacturers. The group was acquired by Silentnight Holdings Plc in 2000, and taken private by

782-532: The "ditch" might have been one leading to the "shore" of the Thames continues to enjoy widespread currency. Other scholars, however, have challenged this interpretation on the grounds that the City of London lies between Shoreditch and the Thames. A variant spelling used by John Stow in 1598, Sewers Ditche , raises the possibility that the name might originally have referred to a drain or watercourse. Certainly

828-465: The 17th century, wealthy traders and French Huguenot silkweavers moved to the area, establishing a textile industry centred to the south around Spitalfields. By the 19th century, Shoreditch was also the locus of the furniture industry, now commemorated in the Geffrye Museum on Kingsland Road. These industries declined in the late 19th century. In the 19th and early 20th centuries, Shoreditch

874-483: The City authorities banned the building of playhouses in the City of London area. Consequently, theatres were built in the suburbs, beyond its jurisdiction. The first of these came in 1576, when James Burbage built the first playhouse in England, known as " The Theatre ", on the site of the Priory (commemorated today by a plaque on Curtain Road, and excavated in 2008, by MoLAS ). William Shakespeare lived nearby in

920-722: The Ecclesiastical Parishes sub-divided to better serve the needs of a growing population, while the Civil Parishes continued to be based on the same Ancient Parish areas. For civil purposes, the Metropolis Management Act 1855 turned the parish area into a new Shoreditch District of the Metropolis , with the same boundaries as the parish. The London Government Act 1899 converted these areas into Metropolitan Boroughs , again based on

966-476: The Neighbourhood Area designation is unaffected by the expiry. The Stag's Head public house was Grade II listed in 2015 by Historic England . South Shoreditch has undergone an enormous transformation. Several five- or six-storey buildings have been knocked down in the area of Shoreditch that borders the City of London. In their place will be erected a variety of very tall buildings, mirroring

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1012-725: The Palladian Lounge of Cunard 's RMS  Aquitania . The company also supplied the P&;O liner SS  Ophir , which was commissioned as a royal yacht , HMS Ophir , in 1901 to carry the Duke and Duchess of Cornwall and York (the future King George V and Queen Mary ) to Australia. Parker also made furniture for the Viceroy's House in New Delhi , and a carved throne for Emperor of Ethiopia Haile Selassie . The business

1058-586: The architectural styles in the City. The developments will result in more residential units being available for sale in Shoreditch than were produced by the Olympics athletes' village . One landmark development is the Principal Tower in Worship Street, designed by the architects Foster and Partners , and next to it is Principal Place , also designed by Foster and Partners. In July 2014, it

1104-585: The area was once boggy, and the name might bear some relation to the main branch of the Walbrook , which rose in Hoxton, ran along what is now Curtain Road, flowing past the former Curtain Theatre . The river was known in this area as the Deepditch , Flood Ditch or just The Ditch . Folk etymology holds that the place was originally named "Shore's Ditch", after Jane Shore , the mistress of Edward IV , who

1150-613: The border with the City of London and is considered to be a part of London's East End . In the 16th century, Shoreditch was an important centre of the Elizabethan Theatre , and it has been an important entertainment centre since that time. Today, it hosts many pubs, bars and nightclubs. The most commercial areas lie closest to the City of London and along the A10 Road, with the rest mostly residential. Early spellings of

1196-437: The corner of Redchurch Street, which developers had wished to knock down, were saved from demolition. They were deemed of special historic interest, giving the houses protection from destruction from 2019. Shoreditch covers a wide area, but its historic heart lies south of Old Street, around Shoreditch High Street and Shoreditch Church . The districts of Hoxton and Haggerston have been historically part of Shoreditch since

1242-527: The cultural regeneration of South Shoreditch" and "a block to economic recovery". Following a lengthy campaign, the then newly formed Transport for London agreed to revert most of the streets to two-way working, a project which was completed in late 2002. In 2005, funding was announced for the East London Line Extension , to extend the existing tube line from Whitechapel tube station bypassing Shoreditch tube station , and to create

1288-412: The former Shoreditch tube station (closed 2006), 400 metres outside Shoreditch proper, in nearby Bethnal Green , Tower Hamlets , influenced this shift. Its replacement, Shoreditch High Street station , straddles the borough boundary. More significant has been the gentrification of the Shoreditch area since the millennium, leading to a marked increase in the area's prestige, which has led businesses in

1334-698: The line runs almost underneath the station. However, this could not be seriously contemplated before the completion of the Crossrail project, owing to extreme crowding on the Central line during peak hours. London Overground began running 24-hour trains on Friday and Saturday nights between Dalston Junction and New Cross Gate which called at Shoreditch High Street from 15 December 2017. but bypasses Whitechapel and continues on to Shadwell due to ongoing Crossrail construction work for ( Elizabeth line ) until 2019. Two Huguenot workers' houses on Club Row on

1380-517: The medieval period and occupy the north-west and north-east of Shoreditch respectively; however, their extent has never been formally defined. Although Shoreditch has been consistently defined, perceptions have blurred in recent years; something that became possible after the Metropolitan Borough of Shoreditch amalgamated with some of its neighbours to become the southern part of the London Borough of Hackney in 1965. The location of

1426-417: The name include Soredich ( c.  1148 ), Soresdic (1183–4), Sordig (1204), Schoresdich (1220–21), and other variants. Toponymists are generally agreed that the name derives from Old English " scoradīc ", i.e. "shore-ditch", the shore being a riverbank or prominent slope; but there is disagreement as to the identity of the "shore" in question. A suggestion made by Eilert Ekwall in 1936 that

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1472-521: The name. In another theory, also now discredited, antiquarian John Weever claimed that the name was derived from Sir John de Soerdich, who was lord of the manor during the reign of Edward III (1327–77). Though now part of Inner London , Shoreditch was previously an extramural suburb of the City of London, centred on Shoreditch Church at the old crossroads where Shoreditch High Street and Kingsland Road are crossed by Old Street and Hackney Road . Shoreditch High Street and Kingsland Road are

1518-653: The same boundaries, sometimes with minor rationalisations. The Borough's areas of modern Shoreditch, Hoxton and Haggerston were administered from Shoreditch Town Hall , which can still be seen on Old Street. It has been restored and is now run by the Shoreditch Town Hall Trust. Holy Trinity, Shoreditch in the Old Nichol was for ecclesiastical purposes in Shoreditch from 1866 but was administratively part of Bethnal Green . Andover, Hampshire Too Many Requests If you report this error to

1564-769: The seat and back, which he manufactured in Stuttgart . Knoll came to Britain in 1929 to find a manufacturer for his chairs using his patent. After Frederick Parker's son, Tom, saw a sample of Knoll's chairs at Heal & Son , the two businesses quickly formed a new company, Parker Knoll, which was launched at the British Industries Fair in February 1931. The new venture was soon successful, with advertisements in The Daily Mail and The Daily Telegraph selling low-price tension-sprung furniture in

1610-521: The second "dot-com" boom, both the area and Old Street have become popular with London-based web technology companies who base their head offices around the East London Tech City district. These include Last.fm , Dopplr , Songkick , SocialGO and 7digital . These companies have tended to gravitate towards Old Street Roundabout , giving rise to the term "Silicon Roundabout" to describe the area, as used by Prime Minister David Cameron in

1656-467: The station operational. Tower Hamlets Council made proposals to transfer the Boundary Estate to a housing association and upgrade the accommodation in 2006. A full refurbishment of one of the blocks, Iffley House was carried out by Sprunt Architects to demonstrate how this might be achieved but the proposal was rejected by a ballot of tenants in November of that year. More recently, during

1702-674: Was a centre of entertainment to rival the West End and had many theatres and music halls : None of these places of entertainment survives today. Music hall was revived for a brief time in Curtain Road by the temporary home of the Brick Lane Music Hall . This too has now moved on. A number of playbills and posters from these music halls survive in the collections of both the Bishopsgate Institute and

1748-642: Was attached to 118th Brigade , part of the 39th Division . The battalion was involved in many actions on the Western Front in 1916–18. Syd's coffee stall was established in Calvert Avenue in 1919 and operated continuously until 2019. In the 1930s, Shoreditch, Holy Trinity parish united with that of St Leonard. Shoreditch was heavily bombed during the Second World War , with around 495 of its civilian residents killed. The area

1794-645: Was based for many centuries on the Ancient Parish of Shoreditch (St Leonard's) , part of the county of Middlesex . Parishes in Middlesex were grouped into Hundreds , with Shoreditch part of Ossulstone Hundred. Rapid Population growth around London saw the Hundred split into several 'Divisions' during the 1600s, with Shoreditch part of the Tower Division (aka Tower Hamlets) . The Tower Division

1840-576: Was exacerbated by the extensive devastation of the housing stock in the Blitz during the Second World War , and by insensitive redevelopment in the post-war period. A south-west to north-east tube line called the Chelsea-Hackney line was proposed in 1970 by the then London Transport Board 's London Rail Study as the next project after the completion of the Victoria line and the Fleet line (now

1886-438: Was hit by at least 279 high explosive bombs, 6 parachute mines 7 V-1 'doodlebugs' , 2 V-2 rockets and many thousands of 1 kg incendiary devices. The destruction of housing and industry caused by the two V-2s contributed to the opportunity to create Shoreditch Park and Haggerston Park . Post-war, Shoreditch declined in conditions, as did both textile and furniture industries with competition elsewhere. This situation

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1932-527: Was incorporated as a limited company, Frederick Parker and Sons Ltd, in 1904. Frederick's son, Tom Parker, later took over the business. Willi Knoll was born in Germany and served as a fighter pilot in the First World War. His experience of uncomfortable seating in his fighter plane was the inspiration for his invention of a new form of sprung furniture, with a coiled steel wire string system across

1978-537: Was noteworthy in that the men of the area owed military service to the Tower of London – and had done even before the creation of the Division – an arrangement which continued until 1899. The Ancient Parishes provided a framework for both civil (administrative) and ecclesiastical (church) functions, but during the nineteenth century there was a divergence into distinct civil and ecclesiastical parish systems. In London

2024-555: Was outside the jurisdiction of the somewhat puritanical City fathers. Even so, they drew the wrath of contemporary moralists, as did the local "base tenements and houses of unlawful and disorderly resort" and the "great number of dissolute, loose, and insolent people harboured in such and the like noisome and disorderly houses, as namely poor cottages, and habitations of beggars and people without trade, stables, inns, alehouses, taverns, garden-houses converted to dwellings, ordinaries, dicing houses, bowling alleys, and brothel houses". During

2070-444: Was performed within "this wooden O" and an early version of Hamlet was also first staged in Shoreditch. Shakespeare's Company moved the timbers of "The Theatre" to Southwark at the expiration of the lease in 1599, in order to construct the Globe . The Curtain continued performing plays in Shoreditch until at least 1627. The suburb of Shoreditch was attractive as a location for these early theatres because, like Southwark , it

2116-491: Was reported that the internet retailer Amazon.com was close to signing a lease to move its UK headquarters there. The project had been on hold since January 2012, when the anchor tenant, the law firm CMS Cameron McKenna pulled out. Soon after, the developer Hammerson sold its interest in the scheme to Brookfield . There has been some consideration of creating an interchange with the Central line between Liverpool Street and Bethnal Green at Shoreditch High Street, where

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