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43-727: Parihara is a village in Panchayat Ratangarh , Churu district in the Bikaner region of Rajasthan state in North India. Ratangarh is the Tehsil and Churu the district of Parihara hamlet. The Churu parliamentary seat and the Ratangarh assembly constituency both include Parihara . Several government schools operate in the village and a private school was established in 2005. Ratangarh, Churu Ratangarh
86-682: A local community, the Bishnois , has made special efforts to protect them. Other mammals in the Thar Desert include a subspecies of red fox ( Vulpes vulpes pusilla ) and the caracal , and a number of reptiles dwell there too. The region is a haven for 141 species of migratory and resident desert birds, including harriers , falcons , buzzards , kestrels , vultures , short-toed eagles ( Circaetus gallicus ), tawny eagles ( Aquila rapax ), greater spotted eagles ( Aquila clanga ), and laggar falcons ( Falco jugger ). The Indian peafowl
129-640: A paleo channel of Ghaggar-Hakra River - identified with the paleo Sarasvati River , after confluence with Sutlej flowed into the Nara river - a delta channel of the Indus River , changed its course, leaving the Ghaggar-Hakra as a system of monsoon-fed rivers which did not reach the sea and now ends in the Thar desert. Around 5,000 years ago when the monsoons that fed the rivers diminished further,
172-487: A population of 71,124. Males constitute 51.11% of the population and females 48.89%. Ratangarh has an average literacy rate of 75%, higher than the national average of 59.5%; male literacy is 73%, and female literacy is 77%. In Ratangarh, 14% of the population is under 6 years of age. Area of Ratangarh is 40.16 square kilometre. Thar Desert The Thar Desert , also known as the Great Indian Desert ,
215-410: Is a major opium production and consumption area. P. cineraria wood is reported to contain high calorific value and provide high-quality fuel wood. The lopped branches are good as fencing material. Its roots also encourage nitrogen fixation, which produces higher crop yields. Desert safaris on camels have become increasingly popular around Jaisalmer. Domestic and international tourists frequent
258-559: Is a resident breeder in the Thar region. The peacock is designated as the national bird of India and the provincial bird of the Punjab (Pakistan) . It can be seen sitting on khejri or pipal trees in villages or Deblina. The natural vegetation of this dry area is classified as northwestern thorn scrub forest (i.e. small, loosely-scattered patches of greenery). The densities and sizes of these green patches increase from west to east, following an increase in rainfall. The primary vegetation of
301-588: Is a town and Tehsil of the Churu district in Rajasthan , India . Ratangarh was previously called Kolasar. It is famous for grand havelis (mansions) with frescoes , which is an architectural specialty of the Shekhawati region. Ratangarh is also famous for its handicraft work. According to historical documents Ratangarh was founded by Surat Singh, the maharaja of Bikaner in the year 1798 (Samvat 1855) while he
344-637: Is an arid region in the north-western part of the Indian subcontinent that covers an area of 200,000 km (77,000 sq mi) in India and Pakistan . It is the world's 18th-largest desert , and the world's 9th-largest hot subtropical desert . About 85% of the Thar Desert is in India, and about 15% is in Pakistan. The Thar Desert is about 4.56% of the total geographical area of India. More than 60% of
387-489: Is at the main crossing of the bazaar called Ghantagar. Ratangarh is a place of well-known businessmen, learned people, great saints, literary persons, poets, vaidyas, artists and great patriots. Ratangarh was also called second Kashi due to its center of learning. Shri Hanuman Prasadji Poddar founder 'Kalyan' is an international figure. Shri Jeevanand Anand freedom fighter, Social worker who worked whole life for promotion of Sanskrit, vedshastra and puran. he had also established
430-586: Is one of the most heavily populated desert areas in the world with the main occupations of its inhabitants being agriculture and animal husbandry. Agricultural production is mainly from kharif crops , which are grown in the summer season and seeded in June and July. These are then harvested in September and October and include bajra , pulses such as guar , jowar ( Sorghum vulgare ), maize ( zea mays ), sesame and groundnuts . The Thar region of Rajasthan
473-537: Is situated in the Thar Desert , on the dhoras (large sand dunes ). Some neighborhoods in town are named after these dhoras . Currently Shri Abhinesh Maharshi from BJP is the MLA of this seat. The Raja of Bikaner , Surat Singh, built a massive fort at Ratangarh in 1820 AD. The marketplace of the town is in the shape of a cross suggesting that the city was planned before construction. An array of stately Havelis line
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#1732765660725516-477: The Aravali Range borders the desert to the east. The most recent paleontological discovery in 2023 from the Thar Desert in India, dating back to 167 million years ago, pertains to a herbivorous dinosaur group known as dicraeosaurids . This discovery marks the first of its kind to be unearthed in India and is also the oldest specimen of the group ever recorded in the global fossil record. During
559-556: The Indus Valley Civilisation (IVC) prospered in this area, with the rise of numerous IVC urban sites at Kalibangan ( Rajasthan ), Banawali and Rakhigarhi ( Haryana ), Dholavira and Lothal ( Gujarat ) along this course. 4,000 years ago when monsoons diminished even further, the dried-up Harkra become an intermittent river, and the urban Harappan civilisation declined, becoming localized in smaller agricultural communities. The northeastern part of
602-592: The Last Glacial Maximum 20,000 before present, an approximately 2,400,000 square kilometres (930,000 sq mi) ice sheet covered the Tibetan Plateau , causing excessive radiative forcing i.e. the ice in Tibet reflected at least four times more radiation energy per unit area into space than ice at higher latitudes , which further cooled overlying atmosphere at that time. This impacted
645-534: The Bhatti rulers of Multhan because they wanted to end the slave raids that were made by the Turkic ruler of Ghazni, but the alliance was broken apart by Alp Tigin in 977 CE. Bhati dominions continued to shift southwards: they ruled Multan, then finally got pushed into Cholistan and Jaisalmer, where Rawal Devaraja built Dera Rawal / Derawar . Jaisalmer was founded as the new capital in 1156 by Maharawal Jaisal Singh and
688-670: The Jalan family, which is now based in Kolkata . Ratangarh Junction is a major rail head in northern Rajasthan, connecting Bikaner and Jodhpur to Delhi via railways. Ratangarh is situated in National Highway 11 (running between Bikaner, Jaipur, and Agra ). Ratangarh is the center as it connects all the major cities in Rajasthan including Jaipur, Bikaner, Sardarshahr and Sujangarh and many small towns. It also connects
731-426: The Thar Desert is composed of trees, shrubs , and perennial herb species, including: The endemic floral species include Calligonum polygonoides , Prosopis cineraria , Acacia nilotica , Tamarix aphylla , and Cenchrus biflorus . The Thar people are the natives of the area. The Thar Desert is the most widely populated desert in the world, with a population density of 83 people per km . In India,
774-555: The Thar Desert lies between the Aravalli Hills . The desert stretches to Punjab and Haryana in the north, to the Great Rann of Kutch along the coast, and to the alluvial plains of the Indus River in the west and northwest. Much of the desert area is covered by huge, shifting sand dunes that receive sediments from the alluvial plains and the coast. The sand is highly mobile due to the strong winds that rise each year before
817-837: The Thar Desert. It was built to halt any spreading of the desert into fertile areas. There are several protected areas in the Thar Desert: Some wildlife species that are fast vanishing in other parts of India are found in the desert in large numbers, including the blackbuck ( Antilope cervicapra ), chinkara ( Gazella bennettii ), and Indian wild ass ( Equus hemionus khur ) in the Rann of Kutch . This may be partly because they are well adapted to this environment: they are smaller than similar animals that live in other environments, and they are mainly nocturnal. It may also be because grasslands in this region have not been transformed into cropland as fast as in other regions, and because
860-527: The desert lies in the Indian state of Rajasthan ; the portion in India also extends into Gujarat , Punjab , and Haryana . The portion in Pakistan extends into the provinces of Sindh and Punjab (the portion in the latter province is referred to as the Cholistan Desert ). The Indo-Gangetic Plain lies to the north, west and northeast of the Thar desert, the Rann of Kutch lies to its south, and
903-507: The desert seeking adventure on camels for one to several days. This ecotourism industry ranges from cheaper backpacker treks to plush Arabian night-style campsites replete with banquets and cultural performances. During the treks, tourists are able to view the fragile and beautiful ecosystem of the Thar Desert. This form of tourism provides income to many operators and camel owners in Jaisalmer, as well as employment for many camel trekkers in
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#1732765660725946-408: The desert to shift. To counteract this problem, sand dunes are stabilised by first erecting micro windbreak barriers with scrub material and then by afforestation of the treated dunes—planting the seedlings of shrubs (such as phog , senna , and castor oil plant ) and trees (such as gum acacia , Prosopis juliflora , and lebbek tree ). The 649-km-long Indira Gandhi Canal brings fresh water to
989-595: The desert villages nearby. People from various parts of the world come to see the Pushkar ka Mela (Pushkar Fair) and oases. The government of India initiated departmental exploration for oil in 1955 and 1956 in the Jaisalmer area, Oil India Limited discovered natural gas in 1988 in the Jaisalmer basin . The Desert National Park in Jaisalmer district has a collection of 180-million-year- old animal and plant fossils. Jaisalmer State 's historical foundations are in
1032-606: The dry season. The salt comes from the weathering of rocks in the region. Lithic tools belonging to the prehistoric Aterian culture of the Maghreb have been discovered in Middle Paleolithic deposits in the Thar Desert. The climate is arid and subtropical. Average temperature varies with season, and extremes can range from near-freezing in the winter to more than 50 °C in the summer months. Average annual rainfall ranges from 100 to 500 mm, and occurs during
1075-458: The economic decline, but the kingdom nevertheless became impoverished. To make matters worse, there was a severe drought and a resulting famine from 1895 to 1900, during the reign of Maharawal Salivahan Singh, which caused the widespread loss of the livestock upon which the increasingly agriculturally based kingdom had come to rely. In 1965 and 1971, population exchanges took place in the Thar between India and Pakistan; 3,500 Muslims shifted from
1118-493: The heart of the town. Sidhan Math of Nath sect in Hudera village is said to be built in the early 10th century. With the efforts of Maharaja Ganga Singh railway station built in 1910 and electricity was availed in 1930. Water Works was built and Water to houses was introduced in 1945 by Seth Durgadutt Anantram Thard. Seth Soorajmull Jalan , Sitaram bhuwalka, Seth Naarmal Bajoria, Seth Shankarlal Bajoria and Seth Jethmal Dhanuka were
1161-416: The inhabitants comprise Hindus , Jains , Sikhs , and Muslims . In Pakistan, inhabitants include both Muslims and Hindus. About 40% of the total population of Rajasthan lives in the Thar Desert. The main occupations of the inhabitants are agriculture and animal husbandry . Jodhpur , the largest city in the region, lies in the scrub forest zone at the desert's perimeter. Bikaner and Jaisalmer are
1204-541: The large empire ruled by the Bhati dynasty. The empire stretched from what is now Ghazni in modern-day Afghanistan to what is Sialkot , Lahore and Rawalpindi in modern-day Pakistan to the region that is Bhatinda and Hanumangarh in modern-day India. The empire crumbled over time because of continuous invasions from central Asia. According to Satish Chandra, the Hindu Shahis of Afghanistan made an alliance with
1247-433: The largest cities located entirely in the desert. In the true desert areas, the only sources of water for animals or humans are small, scattered ponds - some that are natural ( tobas ) and some that are human-made ( johads ). The persistence of water scarcity heavily influences life in all areas of the Thar, prompting many inhabitants to adopt a nomadic lifestyle. Most of the permanent human settlements are located near
1290-400: The main contributors to develop the town in the present form. They laid network of roads( in 1945), opened hospital (1939), schools and colleges, public library, parks and several charitable societies. Ratangarh is located at 28°05′N 74°36′E / 28.08°N 74.6°E / 28.08; 74.6 . It has an average elevation of 312 metres (1023 feet). Ratangarh
1333-465: The main crossing, which is also graced by a Clock Tower. The town is the site of a major power station, supplying electricity is supplied from Ratangarh up to Jaipur . The Soorajmull Jalan family, which was once one of the ten wealthiest families in India, has contributed to the city by constructing over 20 structures including hospitals, schools, libraries, and sporting centers. The clock tower, roads, colleges and schools in this city have been donated by
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1376-498: The northern tip of Rajasthan ( Hanumangarh - Sriganganagar ) to Jaipur and Ajmer through the High-speed State Megahighway system; roads are in place between Hanumangarh and Ratangarh, and between Ratanagarh and Ajmer. Direct trains to Delhi, Kolkata, Guwahati, Hyderabad, Coimbatore, Mumbai, Goa, Ahemdabad, Jammu, Jaiselmer, Bikaner, Jodhpur, Hisar & Haridwar. As of 2011 India census , Ratangarh had
1419-524: The onset of the monsoon . The Luni River is the only river in the desert. Rainfall is 100 to 500 mm (4 to 20 in) per year, almost all of it between June and September. Saltwater lakes within the Thar Desert include the Sambhar , Kuchaman, Didwana , Pachpadra , and Phalodi in Rajasthan and Kharaghoda in Gujarat. These lakes receive and collect rainwater during monsoon and evaporate during
1462-629: The regional climate. Without the thermal low pressure caused by the heating, there was no monsoon over the Indian subcontinent . This lack of monsoon caused extensive rainfall over the Sahara , expansion of the Thar Desert, more dust deposited into the Arabian Sea , a lowering of the biotic life zones on the Indian subcontinent, and animals responded to this shift in climate with the Javan rusa deer migrating into India. 10,000-8,000 years ago
1505-505: The short July-to-September southwest monsoon. The desert has both a very dry part (the Marusthali region in the west) and a semidesert part (in the east) that has fewer sand dunes and slightly more precipitation. The soil of the Thar Desert remains dry for much of the year, so it is prone to wind erosion . High-velocity winds blow soil from the desert, depositing some of it on neighboring fertile lands, and causing sand dunes within
1548-475: The state took its name from the capital. On 11 December 1818 Jaisalmer became a British protectorate through the Rajputana Agency . Because the kingdom's main source of income had long been levies on caravans , its economy suffered after Bombay became a major port, and sea trade largely replaced trade along the traditional land routes. Maharawals Ranjit Singh and Bairi Sal Singh tried to reverse
1591-531: The two seasonal streams of the Karon-Jhar hills. Potable groundwater is also rare in the Thar Desert. Much of it tastes sour due to dissolved minerals. Potable water is mostly available only deep underground. When wells are dug that happen to yield sweet tasting water, people tend to settle near them, but such wells are difficult and dangerous to dig, sometimes claiming the lives of the well-diggers. Crowded housing conditions are common in some areas. The Thar
1634-703: The value of Sanskrit education in Rajasthan through Rajasthan Rishikul Brahamcharyaashram- Ratangarh region also remains a part of ancient culture. A 10th-century stone silalekh engraved with folk dance was found from an old temple now placed in the Bikaner museum. Ratangarh Mathadish Sivalaya was supposed to be built 200 years before the foundation of Ratangarh. Bikaner maharaja Sujan Singh (Year 100- 1735) gifted Kolasar village (present Ratangarh) to Charan Mala of Nath sect for his Rajasthani literature ' Gari bat doye'. Charan Mala built 'Karniji temple' in Kolasar which now at
1677-639: Was also found in Rajaldeshar near Ratangarh. This Devali called Rajasi ki Devali is also 475 years old. Samvat 1581, Ashad Sudi 10 is written on the Devali. An artistic slab stone of 11th Century engraved with dancing figures was found in Ratangarh which is now placed in Government Museum, Bikaner. In the year 1812 (Samvat 1869) Ratangarh fort was also completed. It is said that Ratangarh fort
1720-501: Was attacked two times by Thakur Prithvi Singh the son of Churu with the support of Maharaval Laxman Singh of Sikar in the year 1815 and 1816 (Samvat 1872and 1873). In both attacks caretakers of Fort Lalshah Syed and Purohit Jethmal were killed. According to famous historian Gourishankar Hirachand Ojha, Maharaja Ratan Singh held a meeting with Cornel Velsin in 1834 to organize the Shekhawati Brigade of English army. Ratangarh
1763-399: Was found near village Hudera just three kilometers from Ratangarh. This is located at MEGA HIGHWAY near by 220KV GSS, Devali of Samvat 1309 was found in an old Sidhan Jogioan Nath math. According to historians this Devali is nearly 750 years old. As per a text written on Devali, This Devali is the wife of Rathoor Nahardass when she became satti on Baishak sudi 1, Samvat 1309. A similar Devali
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1806-437: Was planned before construction and its bazaar is laid out in the design of a cross with shops painted like the town. The massive fort (garh) was constructed in the middle of the town with a boundary wall around the city with four gates. A second small fort was built in the city. But now the original fort and also the second fort has nothing left except for a few ruined monuments and now used as offices of civil courts. A Clock Tower
1849-494: Was returning from Churu with his son Ratan Singh. He selected the place Kolasar and Rajia ki Dani for a new town and named it Ratangarh on his son's name. He handed over the responsibility to Purohit Hulashchand, Deepchand and Charan Sidayach Shankar to build Ratangarh as a modern 1812 (Samvat 1869) during the layout of Ratangarh. According to some old people, present Ratangarh was built at Kolasar village, and Asha Charni (Lado Bhuwa) constructed Raghunathji temple. A historical Devali
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