82-668: Parramatta ( / ˌ p ær ə ˈ m æ t ə / ; Dharuk : Burramatta ) is a central suburb of the City of Parramatta and a major commercial centre in Greater Western Sydney . Parramatta is located approximately 24 kilometres (15 mi) west of the Sydney CBD , on the banks of the Parramatta River . It is commonly regarded as the secondary central business district of metropolitan Sydney . Parramatta
164-513: A Macquarie University master's thesis by Jeremy Steele, "The Aboriginal Language of Sydney", provided an analysis of the grammar in a partial reconstruction of the language. The notebooks of William Dawes were the main source, together with word lists compiled by First Fleeters David Collins , John Hunter , Philip Gidley King (in Hunter), Daniel Southwell , Watkin Tench , David Blackburn ,
246-528: A coastal dialect from hinterland dialects, but there is no evidence that Aboriginal peoples ever used this term, which simply means "people". Some effort has been put into reviving a reconstructed form of the language. The speakers did not use a specific name for their language prior to settlement by the First Fleet .The coastal dialect has been referred to as Iyora (also spelt as Iora or Eora), which simply means "people" (or Aboriginal people ), while
328-564: A combined route at Rydalmere or Camellia and pass through Parramatta before terminating at Westmead. The line will open in 2024. The under construction Sydney Metro West will be a metro line run between the Sydney central business district and Westmead. Announced in 2016, the line is set to open in 2032 with a station in Parramatta , Parramatta Road has always been an important thoroughfare for Sydney from its earliest days. From Parramatta
410-465: A distinction of vowel length , but this is difficult to determine from the extant data. The Dharug language highlights the strong link between people and place through its clan naming convention. This can be seen through the suffix identifier -gal and -galyan which refer to -man of and -woman of . Clan names such as Burramuttagal (identifying the people) therefore translate to man of Burramutta - also known as Parramatta (identifying
492-478: A group of Bidjigal warriors, estimated to be at least 100, in an attack on the town of Parramatta. The local garrison withdrew to their barracks and Pemulwuy held the town until he was eventually shot and wounded. A year later, a government farm at Toongabbie was attacked by Pemulwuy, who challenged the New South Wales Corps to a fight. Governor Arthur Phillip built a small house for himself on
574-483: A location that he called The Crescent, a defensible hill curved round a river bend, now in Parramatta Park . As a settlement developed, Governor Phillip gave it the name "Rose Hill" after British politician George Rose . On 4 June 1791 Phillip changed the name of the township to Parramatta, approximating the term used by the local Aboriginal people. A neighbouring suburb acquired the name "Rose Hill", which today
656-551: A new life in New South Wales, Ruse married fellow convict Elizabeth Parry (1769 – 27 May 1836) on 5 September 1790. They had five children together – Rebecah (1791−1792), James (1793−1866), Elizabeth (1794−1875), Susannah (1796 – 1872), and Mary (1798−1871). Although the family history of James Ruse is well-documented, historical records never identified the parents of Ann Ruse Kiss (b. 1801) and William James Ruse Kiss (1806−1853), who were believed to have been adopted by
738-422: A notebook called "Anon" (or "Notebook c"), Henry Fulton , and later contributors such as Daniel Paine, James Bowman , and others. In particular, largely thanks to Dawes, the thesis shows how verbs operated. Past and future tenses were indicated by suffixes or endings, often with further pronoun suffixes attached, revealing who (I, you, they, etc.) was responsible for the actions concerned. A recreated version of
820-530: A risk involved with farming in the Hawkesbury. Ruse seems to have been away from his family for some time and it has been assumed that he went to sea at the same time that he had his son James the younger indentured to Kable and Underwood. This left his wife, Elizabeth to take care of the family on her own. During this period, she had two children with convict James Kiss. These children were Ann Ruse Kiss (b. 1801) and William James Ruse Kiss (1806−1853). James Ruse
902-524: A school for Aboriginal children at Parramatta as part of a policy of improving relations between Aboriginal and European communities. This school was later relocated to "Black Town" . Parramatta has a humid subtropical climate ( Köppen climate classification : Cfa ) with mild to cool, somewhat short winters and warm to usually hot summers, alongside moderate rainfall spread throughout the year. Summer maximum temperatures are quite variable, often reaching above 35 °C (95 °F), on average 13.1 days in
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#1732766120253984-463: A seaman, and later, a farm overseer. James Ruse was born at Lawhitton , Cornwall , England on 9 August 1759. In 1782, he was tried at the Bodmin Assizes and sentenced to death for "seriously breaking and entering the dwelling house of Thomas Olive and stealing thereout 2 silver watches and other goods". He was reprieved and sentenced to transportation for seven years. He was sent on
1066-689: A suburb in southwest Sydney. A replica of his tombstone stands in the front garden of Barrengarry House, the administration block at James Ruse Agricultural High School. The original headstone, carved by Ruse himself, was moved by his descendants to a secure location after vandals damaged some headstones in the Old St Johns cemetery at Campbelltown . The headstone is now in the care of the Campbelltown and Airds Historical Society at Glenalvon House in Lithgow Street, Campbelltown. In 1980,
1148-526: A zoo until 1951 when the animals were transferred to Taronga Zoo . Parramatta is known as the 'River City' as the Parramatta River flows through the Parramatta CBD. Its foreshore features a playground, seating, picnic tables and pathways that are increasingly popular with residents, visitors and CBD workers. Prince Alfred Square is a Victorian era park located within the CBD on the northern side of
1230-648: Is a Christian liberal arts college with a campus in Parramatta located at 30 Cowper Street. The University of Sydney has also announced that it intends to establish a new campus in Parramatta. The Parramatta Advertiser is the local newspaper serving Parramatta and surrounding suburbs. On 16 March 2020, the Australian Broadcasting Corporation opened a new Western Sydney newsroom in Horwood Place at Parramatta incorporating space for 12 staff and news production equipment with
1312-552: Is at the Charles Street Weir, which divides the tidal saltwater from the freshwater of the upper river, on the eastern boundary of the Central Business District. The wharf is the westernmost destination of Sydney Ferries ' Parramatta River ferry services . The Parramatta Light Rail project was announced in 2015. Lines originating from Carlingford and Olympic Park via Wentworth Point will form
1394-550: Is home to many shops and restaurants. The northern end of Church Street, close to Lennox Bridge, features al fresco dining with a diverse range of cuisines. Immediately south of the CBD Church Street is known across Sydney as 'Auto Alley' for the many car dealerships lining both sides of the street as far as the M4 Motorway. Since 2000, Parramatta has seen the consolidation of its role as a government centre, with
1476-542: Is located in Cowper Street, Parramatta. Parramatta's Mosque is in an apartment building on Marsden Street, Parramatta. The district is served by BAPS Swaminarayan Hindu temple located on Eleanor St, Rosehill, and a Murugan Hindu temple in Mays Hill , off Great Western Highway. Parramatta Park is a large park adjacent to Western Sydney Stadium that is a popular venue for walking, jogging and bike riding. It
1558-587: Is often colloquially referred to as "Parra". Parramatta, which was founded as a British settlement in 1788, the same year as Sydney, is the oldest inland European settlement in Australia and serves as the economic centre of Greater Western Sydney. Since 2000, state government agencies such as the New South Wales Police Force and Sydney Water have relocated to Parramatta from Central Sydney. The 151st meridian east runs directly through
1640-520: Is served by Sydney Trains Cumberland Line , Leppington & Inner West Line and North Shore & Western Line services. NSW TrainLink operate intercity services on the Blue Mountains Line as well as services to rural New South Wales. The station was originally opened in 1855, located in what is now Granville , and known as Parramatta Junction. The station was moved to its current location and opened on 4 July 1860, five years after
1722-600: Is served by buses utilising the North West T-Way to Rouse Hill and the Liverpool-Parramatta T-way to Liverpool. Parramatta is also serviced by one high frequency Metrobus service: A free bus Route 900 is operated by Transit Systems in conjunction with the state government. Route 900 circles Parramatta CBD. A free bus also links Western Sydney Stadium to Parramatta railway station during major sporting events. The Parramatta ferry wharf
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#17327661202531804-488: Is spelt " Rosehill ". In an attempt to deal with the food crisis, Phillip in 1789 granted a convict named James Ruse the land of Experiment Farm at Parramatta on the condition that he develop a viable agriculture. There, Ruse became the first European to successfully grow grain in Australia. The Parramatta area was also the site of the pioneering of the Australian wool industry by John Macarthur 's Elizabeth Farm in
1886-550: Is successor to an earlier school 'Parramatta Commercial and Household Arts School'. Others schools include Parramatta Public School, Parramatta East Public School, Parramatta West Public School, and St Patrick's Primary Parramatta. Several tertiary education facilities are also located within Parramatta. A University of New England study centre and two Western Sydney University campuses are situated in Parramatta. The Western Sydney University Parramatta Campus consists of two sites: Parramatta South (the primary site) which occupies
1968-683: Is the Parramatta Courthouse and the Drug Court of New South Wales . The Garfield Barwick Commonwealth Law Courts Building (named in honour of Sir Garfield Barwick ), houses courts of the Federal Magistrates Court and the Family Court of Australia . The NSW Government has also announced plans to secure up to 45,000 m of new A-grade leased office space in Parramatta to relocate a further 4,000 workers from
2050-493: Is the municipal seat of the local government area of the City of Parramatta and is often regarded as one of the primary centres of the Greater Sydney metropolitan region, along with the Sydney CBD , Penrith , and Liverpool . Parramatta also has a long history as a second administrative centre in the Sydney metropolitan region, playing host to a number of government departments, as well as state and federal courts. It
2132-548: Is the natural amphitheatre located on one of the bends of the river, named by Governor Philip as "the Crescent", which is used to stage concerts. It is home to the Dairy Cottage , built from 1798 to 1805, originally a single-room cottage and is one of the earliest surviving cottages in Australia. The remains of Governor Brisbane's private astronomical observatory, constructed in 1822, are visible. Astronomers who worked at
2214-484: The Scarborough , one of the First Fleet , and arrived in Australia on 22 January 1788. In 1789, Ruse produced the first successful corn harvest in New South Wales. That harvest failed to yield sufficient corn to make flour for the colony, but Ruse produced enough seeds for the next year's crop, which was successful. Such was the colony's need for a food supply that Governor Phillip rewarded Ruse for his success with
2296-734: The First Fleet and flagship, the Sirius , as the first to record the original traditional tongue of the elder people of Sydney Dharugule-wayaun. Dawes was returned to England in December 1791, after disagreements with Governor Phillip on, among other things, the punitive expedition launched following the wounding of the Government gamekeeper, allegedly by Pemulwuy , a Yora man. The Indigenous population of Sydney gradually started using English more in everyday usage, as well as New South Wales Pidgin. This, combined with social upheaval, meant that
2378-695: The Hawkesbury River in the north; west of the Georges River , Parramatta, the Lane Cove River and Berowra Creek ". R. H. Mathews (1903) said that the territory extended "...along the coast to the Hawkesbury River, and inland to what are now the towns of Windsor , Penrith , Campbelltown ". The word "Eora" has been used as an ethnonym by non-Aboriginal people since the late 19th century, and by Aboriginal people since
2460-672: The Parramatta Eels of the National Rugby League and Western Sydney Wanderers of the A-League . Both teams formerly played matches at Parramatta Stadium that has since been demolished, and replaced with the 30,000-seat Western Sydney Stadium . Parramatta Stadium was also home to the now dissolved Sydney Wave of the former Australian Baseball League and Parramatta Power of the former National Soccer League . The newly built Bankwest Stadium opened its gates for
2542-570: The Parramatta River . It is one of the oldest public parks in New South Wales with trees dating from c. 1869 . Prior to being a public park, it was the site of Parramatta's second gaol from 1804 until 1841 and the first female factory in Australia between 1804 and 1821. In contrast to the high level of car dependency throughout Sydney, a greater proportion of Parramatta's workers travelled to work on public transport (45.2%) than by car (36.2%) in 2016. Parramatta railway station
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2624-617: The Sydney language , Gadigal language ( Sydney city area), is an Australian Aboriginal language of the Yuin–Kuric group that was traditionally spoken in the region of Sydney , New South Wales , until it became extinct due to effects of colonisation. It is the traditional language of the Dharug people . The Dharug population has greatly diminished since the onset of colonisation . The term Eora language has sometimes been used to distinguish
2706-545: The 1790s. Philip Gidley King 's account of his visit to Parramatta on 9 April 1790 is one of the earliest descriptions of the area. Walking four miles with Governor Phillip to Prospect, he saw undulating grassland interspersed with magnificent trees and a great number of kangaroos and emus . The Battle of Parramatta , a major battle of the Australian frontier wars , occurred in March 1797 where Eora leader Pemulwuy led
2788-468: The 1820s. In 1803, another famous incident occurred in Parramatta, involving a convicted criminal named Joseph Samuel , originally from England. Samuel was convicted of murder and sentenced to death by hanging, but the rope broke. In the second attempt, the noose slipped off his neck. In the third attempt, the new rope broke. Governor King was summoned and pardoned Samuel, as the incident appeared to him to be divine intervention . In 1814, Macquarie opened
2870-403: The 1940s. With the construction of the nearby Westmead Hospital complex public hospital services in Parramatta were reduced but after refurbishment Jeffery House again provides clinical health services. Nearby, Brislington House has had a long history with health services. It is the oldest colonial building in Parramatta, dating to 1821. It became a doctors residence before being incorporated into
2952-478: The Parramatta Hospital in 1949. Parramatta is a major business and commercial centre, and home to Westfield Parramatta , the tenth largest shopping centre in Australia . Parramatta is also the major transport hub for Western Sydney, servicing trains and buses, as well as having a ferry wharf and future light rail and metro services. Major upgrades have occurred around Parramatta railway station with
3034-575: The Ruse family. In 2019, genetic testing of their descendants indicated that they were in fact the children of Elizabeth Ruse and James Kiss. It is unknown whether James Ruse was aware of Kiss' involvement with Elizabeth. The memory of James Ruse is perpetuated in the naming of key locations in Sydney, including James Ruse Agricultural High School in Carlingford ; James Ruse Drive , running from Granville to Northmead , near Parramatta; and Ruse ,
3116-674: The Sydney CBD. Parramatta Square (previously known as Civic Place) is a civic precinct located in the heart of the city, adjacent to Parramatta Town Hall. The Parramatta Square construction works included a redevelopment of the Parramatta Civic Centre, construction of a new culture and arts centre, and the construction of a new plaza. The designs of the first two projects, a 65-storey residential skyscraper and an office building were announced on 20 July 2012. Concerns from CASA about infringements into controlled airspace from
3198-482: The capacity to broadcast live radio programs . According to the ABC, the opening formed part of its strategic goal to improve its presence in outer metropolitan areas. Additionally, the ABC announced on 16 June 2021 its intention to relocate approximately 300 employees to Parramatta, which is part of a five-year plan which aims to have 75% of its content makers based away from the network's Ultimo headquarters by 2025. As
3280-485: The centre of the City of Parramatta , as well as the centre and second largest business district of Sydney, Parramatta hosts many festivals and events. Riverside Theatres is a performing arts centre located on the northern bank of Parramatta River. The city hosts the following events: Parramatta Park contains Old Government House and thus Parramatta was once the capital of the colony of New South Wales until Governors returned to residing in Sydney in 1846. Another feature
3362-421: The church at Reculver , England, at the suggestion of his wife, Elizabeth . The historic St John's Cemetery is located nearby on O'Connell Street. St Patrick's Cathedral ( Roman Catholic ) is one of the oldest Catholic churches in Australia. Construction commenced in 1836, but it wasn't officially complete until 1837. In 1854 a new church was commissioned, although the tower was not completed until 1880, with
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3444-465: The city. The main north-south route through Parramatta is Church Street. To the north it becomes Windsor Road, and to the south it becomes Woodville Road. According to the 2016 census conducted by the Australian Bureau of Statistics , the suburb of Parramatta had a population of 30,211. Of these: Parramatta is home to several primary and secondary schools. Arthur Phillip High School
3526-597: The city. The second half of the year tends to be drier (late winter/spring) since the subtropical high is to the north of the city, thus permitting dry westerlies from the interior to dominate. Drier winters are also owed to its position on the leeward side of the Great Dividing Range , which block westerly cold fronts (that are more common in late winter) and thus would become foehn winds , whereby allowing decent amount of sunny days and relatively low precipitation in that period. Thunderstorms are common in
3608-588: The clans of the Eora Nation. Another example of the strong link between people and place, but without the suffix, can be seen with the nation name 'Eora' itself, which translates to people and from here or this place . The name Eora refers collectively to the people of the Sydney region and also translates to the name of the (Greater Sydney) region inhabited by those people. Examples of English words borrowed from Dharug are: James Ruse James Ruse (9 August 1759 – 5 September 1837)
3690-532: The coastal variety ("Iyora/Eyora", or Kuringgai ) was estimated by Val Attenbrow (2002) to include "...the Sydney Peninsula (north of Botany Bay , south of Port Jackson , west to Parramatta ), as well as the country to the north of Port Jackson, possibly as far as Broken Bay ". Attenbrow places the "hinterland dialect" (Dharug) "...on the Cumberland Plain from Appin in the south to
3772-555: The colony. In 1793, he sold his land to Dr. John Harris of the New South Wales Corps for 40 pounds. The property is now the Experiment Farm Cottage Museum of the National Trust of Australia . In 1794, Ruse moved further out, to the junction of the Hawkesbury River with South Creek , where he operated a less successful farm. Later, his source of income was wiped out by flooding, which was always
3854-639: The community on 14 April 2019 with free entry for all fans. Located on O’Connell Street, the stadium is in proximity of the Parramatta CBD. The opening sporting event was the 2019 Round 6 NRL clash between Western Sydney rivals the Parramatta Eels and Wests Tigers on Easter Monday 22 April. The Eels won the match by a score of 51–6. It is being predicted that the new stadium will boost Western Sydney economy by contributing millions of dollars to it. Dharuk language The Dharug language , also spelt Darug , Dharuk , and other variants, and also known as
3936-849: The corporate headquarters of the Department of Communities and Justice . Other legal offices include the Children's Court of New South Wales and the Sydney West Trial Courts, Legal Aid Commission of NSW , Office of Trustee and Guardian (formerly the Office of the Protective Commissioner), NSW Registry of Births, Deaths and Marriages, and the Office of the Director of Public Prosecutions . Nearby on Marsden Street
4018-475: The creation of a new transport interchange, and the ongoing development of the Parramatta Square local government precinct. Church Street takes its name from St John's Cathedral ( Anglican ), which was built in 1802 and is the oldest church in Parramatta. While the present building is not the first on the site, the towers were built during the time of Governor Macquarie , and were based on those of
4100-529: The destruction of their natural food sources. Radiocarbon dating suggests human activity occurred in and around Sydney for at least 30,000 years, in the Upper Paleolithic period. However, numerous Aboriginal stone tools found in Sydney's far western suburbs gravel sediments were dated to be from 45,000 to 50,000 years BP, which would mean that humans could have been in the region earlier than thought. Dharug people recognise William Dawes of
4182-408: The first land grant made in New South Wales, along with a gift of pigs and chickens. In February 1791, Ruse declared to the authorities that he was self-sufficient, and two months later, in March, he was granted a further 30 acres. Ruse expected to reap about eight bushels (290 litres) to the acre. After Ruse's sentence expired in 1792, the title of his land was deeded to him, the first land grant in
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#17327661202534264-430: The first railway line in Sydney was opened, running from Sydney to Parramatta Junction. The current station was upgraded, with work beginning in late 2003 and the new interchange opening on 19 February 2006. The original station still exists within the over-all structure as part of Platform 4. Parramatta is also serviced by a major bus interchange located on the south eastern side of the railway station. The interchange
4346-494: The height of the residential tower resulted in 8 Parramatta Square being turned into a 55-story commercial building, rather than the originally proposed 65-storey residential tower. Parramatta Square became home to 3,000 National Australia Bank employees, relocated from the Sydney CBD. Other notable commercial tenants who have established a presence at Parramatta Square include Westpac , Endeavour Energy , KPMG and Deloitte . Centenary Square , formerly known as Centenary Plaza,
4428-404: The hill of The Crescent. In 1799 this was replaced by a larger residence which, substantially improved by Governor Lachlan Macquarie from 1815 to 1818, has survived to the present day, making it the oldest surviving Government House anywhere in Australia. It was used as a retreat by Governors until the 1850s, with one Governor ( Governor Brisbane ) making it his principal home for a short period in
4510-504: The inland dialect has been referred to as Dharug, a term of unknown origin or meaning. Linguist and anthropologist Jakelin Troy (2019) describes two dialects of the Sydney language, with neither Dharug (S64) nor Eora being in the historical record as language names. Language scholar Jeremy Steele and historian Keith Vincent Smith have postulated the name "Biyal Biyal" for the language, based on evidence that this term or something like it
4592-650: The language is spoken at welcome ceremonies conducted by the Dharug people. As of 2005, some children at Chifley College 's Dunheved campus in Sydney had started learning the reconstructed Dharug language, and parts of the language have been taught at the Sydney Festival . In December 2020, Olivia Fox sang a version of Australia's national anthem in Dharug at the Tri Nations Test match between Australia and Argentina. The language may have had
4674-521: The late 20th century, to describe Aboriginal peoples of the Sydney region, despite there being "no evidence that Aboriginal people had used it in 1788 as the name of a language or group of people inhabiting the Sydney peninsula". With a traditional heritage spanning thousands of years, approximately 70 per cent of the Eora people died out during the nineteenth century as a result of the genocidal policies of colonial Australia, smallpox and other viruses, and
4756-663: The local Dharug language started to fade from use in the late nineteenth/early twentieth century. A wordlist of the local Sydney language was published by William Ridley in 1875, and he noted that, at that time, very few fluent speakers were left. The Dharug language had largely been lost as an extinct language, mainly due to the historical effects of colonisation on the speakers. Some vocabulary had been retained by some Dharug people, but only very little grammar and phonology . For many years non-Aboriginal academics collected resources for Aboriginal languages to preserve them, and more recently, Aboriginal people have been getting involved in
4838-614: The major western road for the state is the Great Western Highway . The M4 Western Motorway , running parallel to the Great Western Highway has taken much of the traffic away from these roads, with entrance and exit ramps close to Parramatta. James Ruse Drive serves as a partial ring-road circling around the eastern part of Parramatta to join with the Cumberland Highway to the north west of
4920-467: The months from early spring to early autumn, occasionally quite severe thunderstorms can occur. Snow is virtually unknown, having been recorded only in 1836 and 1896 Parrammatta gets 106.6 days of clear skies annually. Depending on the wind direction , summer weather may be humid or dry , though the humidity is mostly in the comfortable range, with the late summer/autumn period having a higher average humidity than late winter/early spring. Church Street
5002-470: The most likely place for a successful large farm. Parramatta was the furthest navigable point inland on the Parramatta River (i.e. furthest from the thin, sandy coastal soil) and also the point at which the river became freshwater and therefore useful for farming. On Sunday 2 November 1788, Governor Phillip took a detachment of marines along with a surveyor and, in boats, made his way upriver to
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#17327661202535084-474: The observatory, discovering thousands of new stars and deep sky objects, include James Dunlop and Carl Rümker . In 1822, the architect S. L. Harris designed the Bath House for Governor Brisbane and built it in 1823. Water was pumped to the building through lead pipes from the river. In 1886, it was converted into a pavilion. Parramatta is the home of several professional sports teams. These teams include
5166-600: The oldest active Salvation Army Corps in Australia. Parramatta is also home to the Parramatta and Districts Synagogue, which services the Jewish community of western Sydney. The Greek Orthodox Parish and Community of St Ioannis (St John The Frontrunner) Greek Orthodox Church was established in Parramatta in May 1960 under the ecumenical jurisdiction of the Greek Orthodox Archdiocese of Australia to serve
5248-479: The place those specific people are from); Gadigal (identifying the people), man of Gadi - Sydney within Gadigal Country (identifying the place those specific people are from); and, Kamaygalyan (identifying the people), woman of Kamay - Botany Bay (identifying the place those specific people are from). This people-and-place naming convention within the Dharug language can be seen throughout all of
5330-605: The predominantly emigrating Greek population of Greater Western Sydney. Originally, the liturgies were held in the hall of St John's Ambulance Brigade in Harris Park until the completion of the church in December 1966 located in Hassall Street Parramatta. The parish sold this property in 2014 and is now located at the corner of George and Purchase Streets. The Parish Community of St Ioannis continues to serve over 5,000 Greek parishioners. A Buddhist temple
5412-518: The process, and designing tools to reclaim the languages. During the 1990s and the new millennium, some descendants of the Dharug clans in Western Sydney have been making considerable efforts to revive Dharug as a spoken language. In the 21st century, some modern Dharug speakers have given speeches in a reconstructed form of the Dharug language, and younger members of the community visit schools and give demonstrations of spoken Dharug. In 2005
5494-660: The relocation of agencies such as the New South Wales Police Force Headquarters and the Sydney Water Corporation from Sydney CBD . At the same time, major construction work occurred around the railway station with the expansion of Westfield Shoppingtown and the creation of a new transport interchange. The western part of the Parramatta CBD is known as the Parramatta Justice Precinct and houses
5576-500: The site of the historic Female Orphan School and Parramatta North (the secondary site) which includes the adjacent Western Sydney University Village Parramatta (formerly UWS Village Parramatta) an on campus student village accommodation. Whereby, the flagship Parramatta City Campus Precinct consists of two buildings: the Engineering Innovation Hub located at 6 Hassall Street and the Peter Shergold Building located at 1 Parramatta Square (169 Macquarie Street). Alphacrucis University College
5658-407: The spire following in 1883. It was built on the site to meet the needs of a growing congregation. It was destroyed by fire in 1996, with only the stone walls remaining. On 29 November 2003, the new St Patrick's Cathedral was dedicated. The historic St Patrick's Cemetery is located in North Parramatta. The Uniting Church is represented by Leigh Memorial Church. Parramatta Salvation Army is one of
5740-459: The suburb. Radiocarbon dating suggests human activity occurred in Parramatta from around 30,000 years ago. The Darug people who lived in the area before European settlement regarded the area as rich in food from the river and forests. They named the area Baramada or Burramatta ('Parramatta') which means Eel ("Burra") Place ("matta"). Similar Darug words include Cabramatta (Grub place) and Wianamatta (Mother place). Other references are derived from
5822-425: The summer season, and sometimes remaining in the low 20s, especially after a cold front or a sea breeze , such as the southerly buster . Northwesterlies can occasionally bring hot winds from the desert that can raise temperatures higher than 40 °C (104 °F) mostly from November to February, and sometimes above 44 °C (111 °F) in January severe heatwaves. The record highest temperature (since 1967)
5904-597: The summer, Parramatta, among other places in western Sydney, can often be the hottest place in the world because of the Blue Mountains trapping hot air in the region, in addition to the UHI effect. Rainfall is slightly higher during the first three months of the year because the anticlockwise-rotating subtropical high is to the south of the country, thereby allowing moist easterlies from the Tasman Sea to penetrate
5986-522: The words of Captain Watkin Tench , a white British man with a poor understanding of the Darug language, and are incorrect. To this day many eels and other sea creatures are attracted to nutrients that are concentrated where the saltwater of Port Jackson meets the freshwater of the Parramatta River . The Parramatta Eels rugby league club chose their symbol as a result of this phenomenon. Parramatta
6068-510: Was 47.3 °C (117.1 °F) on 7 January 2018. Parramatta is warmer than Sydney CBD in the summer due to the urban heat island effect and its inland location. In extreme cases though, it can be 5–10 °C (9–18 °F) warmer than Sydney, especially when sea breezes do not penetrate inland on hot summer and spring days. For example, on 28 November 2009, the city reached 29.3 °C (84.7 °F), while Parramatta reached 39.0 °C (102.2 °F), almost 10 °C (18 °F) higher. In
6150-534: Was a Cornish farmer who, at age 23, was convicted of burglary and was sentenced to seven years' transportation. He arrived at Sydney Cove , New South Wales , on the First Fleet with 18 months of his sentence remaining. Ruse applied to Colony Governor Arthur Phillip for a land grant, stating that he had been bred for farming. Governor Phillip, desperate to make the colony self-sufficient, allocated Ruse an allotment at Rose Hill (now Rosehill , near Parramatta ), where he proved himself industrious and showed that it
6232-461: Was actually used. A website devoted to Dharug and Dharawal resources says "The word Daruk was assigned to the Iyura (Eora) people as a language group, or more commonly referred to as the people that sustained their diet by the constant digging of the yams as a vegetable supplement. The Dark, Darug, Tarook, Taruk Tarug is related to the word Midyini , meaning yam". The traditional territory of
6314-411: Was created in 1975 when the then Parramatta City Council closed a section of the main street to traffic to create a pedestrian plaza. It features an 1888 Centennial Memorial Fountain and adjoins the 1883 Parramatta Town Hall and St John's Cathedral . A hospital known as The Colonial Hospital was established in Parramatta in 1818. This then became Parramatta District Hospital. Jeffery House was built in
6396-398: Was established in 1960 in its own right, in buildings which had been used continuously as a school since 1875 is the oldest continuously operating public school in Parramatta. Parramatta High School was the first coeducational school in the Sydney metropolitan area established in 1913. Our Lady of Mercy College is one of the oldest Catholic schools in Australia. Macarthur Girls High School
6478-460: Was formerly the Governor's Domain, being land set aside for the Governor to supply his farming needs, until it was gazetted as a public park in 1858. As the Governor's Domain, the grounds were considerably larger than the current 85 hectare Parramatta Park, extending from Parramatta Road in the south as evident by a small gatehouse adjacent to Parramatta High School. For a time Parramatta Park housed
6560-1331: Was heavily in debt and it is suggested that the hard work of his wife Elizabeth saved him from bankruptcy. Elizabeth is shown in the records as supplying crops to the stores in her own right. From 1828, James was employed as an overseer of Denham Court. In 1836, James Ruse and James Kiss were received into the Catholic church together. Ruse died at Campbelltown on 5 September 1837 and is buried with wife Elizabeth and daughter Mary. Ruse's gravestone, parts of which he carved himself, reads: "Gloria in Axcelsis SACRED TO THE MEMEREY OF JAMES RUSE WHO DEPARTED THIS LIFE SEPT. 5TH IN THE YEAR OF HOURE LORD 1837 NATEF OF CORNWELL AND ARIVED IN THIS COLENEY BY THE FIRST FLEET AGED 78 MY MOTHER REREAD ME TENDERELY WITH ME SHE TOCK MUCH PAINES AND WHEN I ARIVED IN THIS COELNEY I SOWD THE FORST GRAIN AND NOW WITH MY HEVENLY FATHER I HOPE FOR EVER TO REMAIN" James Ruse married Susannah Norcott in Cornwall, England in 1779. They had one daughter, Elizabeth (1779−1779) and one son, Richard (1780−1842). After being transported for his crime and creating
6642-616: Was occupied by Europeans in 1788, the same year as Sydney. As such, Parramatta is the second oldest city in Australia, being only 10 months younger than Sydney. The British Colonists, who had arrived in January 1788 on the First Fleet at Sydney Cove , had only enough food to support themselves for a short time and the soil around Sydney Cove proved too poor to grow the amount of food that 1,000 convicts , soldiers and administrators needed to survive. During 1788, Governor Arthur Phillip had reconnoitred several places before choosing Parramatta as
6724-508: Was possible for a family to survive in New South Wales through farming. Ruse received a land grant, from which he grew and sold 600 bushels of corn 30 acres (120,000 m ). Ruse was the recipient of the first land grant in New South Wales. Ruse would later exchange the Rose Hill grant for more fertile land on the Hawkesbury River later in his life, after almost losing his farm and thus going bankrupt because of flooding, Ruse found work as
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