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65-407: The PPP was formed in 1973 as a result of the merger between several Islam-based parties, assuming the role of umbrella party for Muslims. The party was led by Suryadharma Ali until 2014 when he was prosecuted for corruption. From 2014 to 2016 the party was split in the dispute over its chairmanship. In April 2016, Muhammad Romahurmuziy was declared a new chairman after a reconciliation congress. In

130-585: A book was also released called Kesan dan Kenangan dari Teman: 70 Tahun H. Sudharmono SH ("Impressions and Memories from Colleagues: 70 Years of Sudharmono"), which talked about Sudharmono from the point of view of those who he had worked with. Due to the close release of his books and the 1998 MPR General session , there were rumors of him planning a political comeback. In May 1998, on the eve of Suharto's fall , Sudharmono, together with former vice presidents Umar Wirahadikusumah , and Try Sutrisno , visited Suharto at his residence to discuss possible options. During

195-646: A course at Military Law University. After this, Sudharmono was appointed chairman of the Central Government Personnel Orders Unit and provided administrative assistance to the government. During the Indonesia–Malaysia confrontation , President Sukarno formed the Supreme Operations Command (KOTI), which was a war command immediately under Sukarno's control. In 1963, Sudharmono joined KOTI and was given

260-508: A day before the registration of presidential/vice-presidential candidates was closed, Hamzah moved forward and became the PPP's presidential candidate. His running mate was Agum Gumelar, who served as Minister of Transportation in Megawati's Cabinet. Hamzah's presidential run was unsuccessful as he received only 3.1% of the vote and came fifth. In August 2004, the PPP announced that it was forming

325-623: A few months of being treated in Surabaya . Though before he died, his father had been moved back to Tambakrejo, Bojonegoro. Following the death of both of his parents, he moved from Surabaya to Jombang . During his time in Jombang, Sudharmono went to live with an uncle, who was a clerk who worked for the local government. He would then move to Wringinanom (in Gresik ) and then to Rembang . In Rembang, he lived with his grandmother, Mbah Putri, who

390-458: A field officer. Seeing a gap to exploit, Naro nominated himself, possibly with the private support of ABRI who, in public, had shown support for Sudharmono. The PPP continued as the second biggest party out of the three allowed in the New Order. In May 1998, after Suharto's fall, the PPP returned to its Islamic ideology and prepared itself for the 1999 legislative election , where it won 11% of

455-552: A lung infection and complications from respiratory failure . He was buried before the Zuhur prayer at around 10:00, the next day, at the Kalibata Heroes' Cemetery , Jakarta. Then-president Susilo Bambang Yudhoyono acted as inspector of funeral ceremonies. According to historian, author, and academic, Robert Elson , in his book Suharto: A Political Biography , Suharto groomed Sudharmono to be his ideal successor. However,

520-695: A national coalition with the PDI-P, Golkar, the Reform Star Party (PBR) and the Prosperous Peace Party to back Megawati to win the presidential run-off against Susilo Bambang Yudhoyono. Yudhoyono however would emerge victorious and the PPP would defect from the national coalition to Yudhoyono's camp. They were rewarded by being given cabinet places. The PPP held its 6th National Congress in Jakarta from 30 January to 3 February 2007. On

585-612: A position which had no direct line of command to the troops. Replacing him with Try Sutrisno , who had been Suharto's adjutant. When the nomination was finally taken up through the official channels within Golkar , the Bureaucrats and Functional factions unanimously agreed to nominate Sudharmono as vice president. While the ABRI faction's nomination was delayed, Benny Moerdani continued to procrastinate by claiming that he had not discussed

650-511: A presidential candidate in mind for the 2004 presidential election . They had expected that Hamzah would be picked as Megawati's running mate and continue the Megawati/Hamzah President/Vice President partnership. Megawati however, chose NU Chairman Hasyim Muzadi as her running mate. The PPP then continued to wait, still expecting that Hamzah Haz would be picked as a vice-presidential candidate. Finally,

715-486: A scathing attack against Sudharmono before he was taken down from the podium by other MPR members. Then, Sarwo Edhie Wibowo , a general who had helped Suharto get to power in the mid-1960s resigned from both his MPR and People's Representative Council (DPR) seat in protest. Finally, United Development Party Chairman, Jailani Naro nominated himself as vice president, presumably with the private backing of ABRI, who in public supported Sudharmono's nomination; ABRI's support

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780-606: Is an Indonesian politician who was chairman of the United Development Party (PPP). Shortly after the beginning of Romahurmuziy's leadership, the PPP joined the ruling coalition as well as the Working Cabinet of President Joko Widodo . Under Romahurmuziy, the party participated in the November 2016 Jakarta protests against Jakarta governor Basuki Tjahaja Purnama despite President Widodo's view that

845-543: Is to bring about a nation that is just, prosperous, moral and democratic and that upholds the law, respects human rights and that holds in high esteem the dignity of mankind and social justice based on the values of Islam. The party believes that religion (Islam) has an important role to play as a moral guidance and inspiration in the life of the nation. It is committed to improving the quality of democracy in Indonesia and respects freedom of expression, opinion and organization,

910-681: The 1988 MPR general session , resulted in Suharto raising B. J. Habibie as his protege, instead of Sudharmono. Sudharmono married Emma Norma in 1951, and together, they have three children. Sri Adyanti Sudharmono, Sri Aryani Sudharmono, and Tantyo A.P Sudharmono. As of 2021, Tantyo Sudharmono serves as the Chairman of the Indonesian National Council for Social Welfare. Emma Norma outlived Sudharmono by 6 years, dying in 2012, at Pertamina Central Hospital , Jakarta. Her body

975-495: The 2024 election , the party won 3.87 of the popular vote, a decrease from 4.52 percent it won in 2019. It was the first time PPP lost all the seats in the DPR. Ten political parties participated in the 1971 legislative election , a number that President Suharto considered to be too many. Suharto wished that political parties be reduced to just two or three and that the parties should be grouped based on their programs. The basis for

1040-474: The Armed Forces (ABRI). Although Sudharmono himself was a soldier and had ended his career with the rank of Lieutenant General , he was disliked by many in the military because he had spent much of his career behind the desk instead of leading troops on the ground. Suharto was aware of this and, before the ABRI could do anything, placed ABRI commander Benny Moerdani as Minister of Defense and Security,

1105-633: The People Consultative Assembly (MPR). In 1980, Sudharmono's position as State Secretary received a significant boost through a presidential decision that gave the State Secretary the power to supervise government purchases exceeding 500 Million Rupiahs . During the 1983 Golkar National Conference, which took place from 20 October until 25 October 1983, Sudharmono was elected as the Chairman of Golkar. His election

1170-631: The People's Consultative Assembly (MPR), he was elected as vice president to accompany Suharto. As vice president, Sudharmono was extremely active in governing. Despite this, however, the military showed their displeasure at Sudharmono's election as vice president, as he represented the civil and bureaucratic wing of Golkar. This culminated in March 1993, during the General Assembly of the MPR, where

1235-414: The People's Representative Council . Throughout the election, the party obtained votes from the elderly Muslim men throughout rural and urban area, inside and outside of Java . In the 2014 Indonesian legislative election , the PPP improved on its performance in the previous election winning 6.53% of the vote, and 39 seats in the legislature. Five years later, in the 2019 Indonesian legislative election ,

1300-838: The Proclamation of Indonesian Independence , he dropped out from any further education to join the army in the Indonesian National Revolution . He became the Commander of the Ronggolawe Division in the army, a position which he held throughout the war. After the Dutch retreated from Indonesia in 1949, Sudharmono completed his Secondary Education before going to Jakarta in 1952 to join the Military Law Academy , which he completed

1365-476: The Proclamation of Indonesian Independence , he dropped out of further education to join the army in the Indonesian National Revolution . There, he assisted in collecting weapons from the Japanese troops in preparation for the formation of an Indonesian Army . He would later become the Commander of the Ronggolawe Division, a position which he held throughout the war against the returning Dutch troops . During

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1430-517: The 1982 legislative election to 16% in the 1987 legislative election , the PPP was also forced by the government to replace its ideology of Islam with the national ideology of Pancasila and to stop using Islamic symbols. As a result, the party replaced its logo showing the Kabah shrine in Mecca with a star. The symbol was identical to the first principle of Pancasila, Ketuhanan yang Maha Esa (Belief in

1495-754: The Cabinet Secretary as well as Chairman of the Economic Stability Council. In 1970, Sudharmono was moved from the position of Cabinet Secretary to the position of State Secretary , a position which allowed him to assist Suharto in the day-to-day running of the Government. Whilst State Secretary, Sudharmono also covered for other ministers when they were unable to perform their duties; with short stints as Interim Information Minister and Interim Home Affairs Minister as well as helping to produce Suharto's accountability speech before

1560-423: The Economic Stability Council by Suharto. In 1970, Sudharmono was moved from the position of Cabinet Secretary to the State Secretary, a position which allowed him to assist Suharto in the day-to-day running of the Government. At the 1983 Golkar National Conference, with Suharto's support, Sudharmono was elected as the Chairman of Golkar . In 1988, during the election of vice president at the General Assembly of

1625-574: The Emergency Powers from Sukarno, Sudharmono was the one who reproduced copies of the letter to be distributed to other military officers. The next day, on 12 March 1966, Sudharmono was also the one to write the decree banning the Indonesian Communist Party (PKI). a KOTI was disbanded by Suharto in 1968, but Sudharmono, likely due to his administrative skills and the trust that he had earned from Suharto, would become

1690-566: The Golkar National Conference in 1988, which occurred from 20–25 October 1988, to elect a new chairman, ABRI got their revenge against Sudharmono when they secured the election of Wahono as chairman. The election of Wahono as chairman was the first time in which ABRI demonstrated their political power against Suharto, and resulted in the comeback of ABRI into the Golkar political machine, as the civil and bureaucratic wing of

1755-459: The Islamic groups had supported Suharto and aided in persecuting his political opponents. But as the regime had become corrupt and even more authoritarian , this alliance began to crumble. As the 1977 legislative election approached, many began to seek other options to vote for aside from the government-backed Golkar . Worried that the PPP might win the elections, Suharto played on the fears of

1820-587: The One Supreme God). At the 1988 MPR General Session, Jailani Naro , the PPP Chairman, was nominated as vice president. Suharto, who had been elected to the presidency for a fifth term at the aforementioned General Session, intervened. He cited a decision that the MPR made in 1973 that one of the criteria for a vice president was that he should be able to work with the president. Suharto also conducted discussions with Naro and convinced him to withdraw

1885-401: The PPP share of the vote fell to 4.52%, and the number of seats it held in the legislature halved to 19. After the fall of Suharto , PPP once again became an Islamist party in the early Post-Suharto era . Today it is considered a centre-right to right-wing nationalist Islamist party which conforms with Pancasila doctrine and no longer upholds sharia as a main goal. The party's vision

1950-650: The United Development Party People from Sleman Regency Bandung Institute of Technology alumni Members of the House of Representatives (Indonesia), 2009 Members of the House of Representatives (Indonesia), 2014 Hidden categories: CS1 Indonesian-language sources (id) Articles with short description Short description matches Wikidata Sudharmono Sudharmono ( EVO : Soedharmono ; 12 March 1927 – 25 January 2006), also known by his nickname, Pak Dar ,

2015-614: The army nominated Try Sutrisno as vice president without the consent of Suharto. Although Suharto was likely displeased, Suharto did not want an open conflict with the military deputies and accepted Try as his vice president. Following the end of his term, he published two books, both autobiographies . In May 1998, on the eve of Suharto's fall , Sudharmono, together with former vice presidents Umar Wirahadikusumah , and Try Sutrisno, visited Suharto at his residence to discuss possible options. Sudharmono died on 25 January 2006, after being treated at Metropolitan Medical Center hospital. His body

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2080-525: The course in 1956. He then served in Medan , North Sumatra , as an Army Attorney from 1957 to 1961. He remained in the army until 1968 and served in the Indonesia–Malaysia confrontation and the Supreme Operations Command (KOTI). Following the Fall of Sukarno , after the 30 September Movement , and after the rise of Suharto , Sudharmono left the army after being named Cabinet Secretary as well as Chairman of

2145-426: The daughter of a priyayi from Bojonegoro. He was the third child of four children, having 2 older siblings. An older sister, Mbak Siti, and an older brother, Mas Sunar. When he was 2 years old, his father moved to Tuban , Central Java , to become a clerk at the local government. His mother would die while giving birth to Sudharmono's fourth and youngest sibling. 6 Months later, his father died due to illness, after

2210-536: The four Islamic parties in Indonesia into the United Development Party on 5 January 1973. Despite this formal merging of the parties however, internal PPP politics under the Suharto government were dominated by the differing priorities of the original groups that formed the party. In the mid-1970s, popular support for Suharto's regime was rapidly waning. When Suharto had seized power with a bloody military coup in 1965 and ousted President Sukarno ,

2275-550: The last day of the Congress, Suryadharma Ali emerged as the new PPP Chairman to replace Hamzah. Suryadharma served as Minister of Cooperatives and State and Medium Enterprises in President Yudhoyono's Cabinet. He announced that he would continue as minister while concurrently holding the position of PPP Chairman. The party came sixth in the 2009 legislative election with 5.3 percent of the vote, winning 38 seats in

2340-417: The legislative elections with 62% with the PPP coming second with 27% of the votes. The PPP however, would not sit back and accept defeat. At the 1978 MPR General Session, PPP member Chalid Mawardi launched a scathing criticism of Suharto's regime. Mawardi accused the Government of being anti-Muslim, complained about the government's violent crackdown of dissent, and alleged that the 1977 legislative election

2405-589: The local level to see the implementation and consolidation of Golkar policies. Sudharmono consolidated Golkar's position ahead of the 1987 Indonesian legislative election , focusing its efforts on securing a majority of the popular vote in the devoutly Islamic province of Aceh , which was the only province apart from Jakarta where Golkar had failed to do so in 1982. Golkar made use of two civil servants to run its financial campaign in Aceh, while also using Aceh governor Ibrahim Hasan, an economist who managed to unite

2470-815: The merger that would result in the birth of the PPP was a coalition of the four Islamic Parties in the People's Representative Council (DPR) called the United Development Faction. This faction consisted of Nahdatul Ulama (NU), the Muslim Party of Indonesia (Parmusi), the Islamic Association Party of Indonesia (PSII) and the Islamic Education Movement (Perti). With encouragement by the Government, officials from all four parties had meetings with each other and after finding some common ground, merged

2535-408: The nomination. What Naro did was unprecedented as both Suharto and his vice presidents had always been elected unopposed. The problem this time was Suharto's choice for vice president, Sudharmono . Suharto's choice had caused a rift between him and his most loyal ally, ABRI . Many within ABRI did not like Sudharmono because he spent more time behind a desk (Sudharmono was a military attorney) than as

2600-459: The office of vice president became a crucial position. Suharto then created a nine-person commission to select a name for the vice presidency. Figures in the commission included Akbar Tandjung and Sarwono Kusumaatmadja. As 1988 began, Suharto began to show signs that he wanted Sudharmono to become his vice president, although Suharto never mentioned Sudharmono by name. However, the possibility of Sudharmono becoming vice president displeased many in

2665-446: The party (the main supporters of Sudharmono) floundered. Ahead of the MPR's 1993 General Session , before any other maneuver by any other faction within the MPR, ABRI had already made its move. Two weeks before the session, the chairman of the ABRI faction of Golkar, Harsudiono Hartas, announced that ABRI had nominated Try Sutrisno as vice president. This nomination blindsided Suharto , Sudharmono, and even Try Sutrisno himself, who

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2730-903: The party member Muhammad Romahurmuziy Indonesian politician Muhammad Romahurmuziy [REDACTED] Romahurmuziy in 2014 Leader of the United Development Party In office 20 May 2016 – 16 March 2019 Preceded by Suryadharma Ali Succeeded by Suharso Monoarfa Personal details Born ( 1974-09-10 ) 10 September 1974 (age 50) Sleman , Indonesia Political party PPP Spouse Henny Widiyanti Children Nurul Izzah Khairunnisa Alma mater Bandung Institute of Technology Occupation politician Muhammad Romahurmuziy (born 10 September 1974 in Sleman )

2795-530: The party, led to Golkar increasing its majority from 242 seats to 299 seats and from 64.34% to 73.11% of the vote. Golkar also achieved its aim in Aceh, and for the first time won an absolute majority of the vote in Jakarta and every other province of Indonesia. As the People's Consultative Assembly (MPR) convened for its 1988 General Session , it was widely believed by many that the aging Suharto would be elected to his fifth and last term as president. As such,

2860-471: The people by having the military arrest a group of people who claimed to be associated with the Jihad Commando ( Komando Jihad ). With this some people became worried that to vote for the PPP and its Islamic leaning would mean expressing support the Jihad Commando and in a government growing increasingly authoritarian, many simply refused to be associated with the wrong side. Golkar would go on to win

2925-540: The president and vice president, and the Muslim parties in the Central Axis did not want a female president. Instead, they nominated and successfully secured the election of Abdurrahman Wahid as president. In the vice-presidential election, PPP Chairman Hamzah Haz ran against Megawati and was defeated. The PPP was the first of Wahid's political allies to become disillusioned with him. The PPP's main problem with Wahid

2990-424: The president. Hamzah was then elected as vice president after defeating Susilo Bambang Yudhoyono and Akbar Tanjung in the vice-presidential election. The PPP won 8.1% of the vote in the 2004 legislative election , a decrease from its 10.7% share of the vote in 1999, but enough to retain its place as the third-best represented party in the legislature, behind the PDI-P and Golkar. The PPP originally did not have

3055-2922: The protests were a "waste of time." Despite their diverging views on the protests, Romahurmuziy claimed that they didn't signal a split in the ruling coalition, and that the presence of the PPP would assure protesters that the blasphemy case against Purnama would be fair and transparent. References [ edit ] ^ Dudy Novriansyah (1 June 2016). "See What Does PPP Chairman to His Daughter" . Sindo News . Retrieved 21 August 2019 . ^ "Profil Muhammad Romahurmuziy - VIVA" . VIVA (in Indonesian). 27 October 2016 . Retrieved 3 March 2019 . ^ Carool Kersten, Islam in Indonesia: The Contest for Society, Ideas and Values , pg. 293. Oxford : Oxford University Press , 2016. ISBN   9780190247775 ^ Ina Parlina and Nurul Fitri Ramadhani, Jokowi moves to bolster govt coalition . Jakarta Post , 14 November 2016. Accessed 21 February 2017. ^ Rejecting Jokowi’s call, PPP to join next demonstration . Jakarta Post, 13 November 2016. Accessed 21 February 2017. v t e United Development Party Organization Kaaba Youth Movement Kaaba Youth Forces Young Generation of Indonesian Development Indonesian Muslim Brotherhood Muktamar 1st (1984) 2nd (1989) 3rd (1994) 4th (1998) 5th (2003) 6th (2007) 7th (2011) 8th (2014) Mukernas 1st (2000) 2nd (2017) 3rd (2018) Party leadership Chairman Mohammad Syafaat Mintaredja (1973–1978) Jailani Naro (1978–1989) Ismail Hasan Metareum (1989–1998) Hamzah Haz (1998–2007) Suryadharma Ali (2007–2014) Muhammad Romahurmuziy (2016–2019) Suharso Monoarfa (2019–2022) Muhamad Mardiono (2022–) General Secretary Yahya Ubeid (1973–1984) Mardinsyah (1984–1989) Matori Abdul Djalil (1989–1994) Tosari Widjaja (1994–1998) Alimarwan Hanan (1998–2003) Yunus Yosfiah (2003–2007) Irgan Chairul Mahfiz (2007–2011) Muhammad Romahurmuziy (2011–2015) Arsul Sani (2016–2021) Arwani Thomafi (2021–) Merger Nahdlatul Ulama PSII Perti Parmusi Fractions Unity Party Ulema National Awakening Party Reform Star Party National Awakening Party National Mandate Party See also History Party factions Timeline Conflict Retrieved from " https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Muhammad_Romahurmuziy&oldid=1181735334 " Categories : 1974 births Living people Indonesian Muslims United Development Party politicians Chairmen of

3120-472: The realization of good governance and the endeavor to preserve the unitary Republic of Indonesia based on Pancasila and the 1945 Constitution . It supports the concept of a people-based economic system, economic justice, the creation of jobs, the eradication of poverty, state control of sectors of the economy that have a controlling influence on the lives of the majority, a major role for state-owned companies, and economic independence. Note: Bold text indicates

3185-573: The role of Joint Centre Operations Member for the Supreme Operations. In October 1965, following the 30 September Movement , Major General Suharto was appointed Army Commander and joined KOTI as the organizations Chief of Staff . Suharto would go on to form a relationship with Sudharmono during these tense times in Indonesian history and it was evident that Sudharmono earned Suharto's trust. On 11 March 1966, when Suharto received

3250-412: The selection of Sudharmono as vice president caused a rift in Golkar, between the civil and military factions. Though Sudharmono himself was a soldier and had ended his career with the rank of Lieutenant General , he was disliked by the military because he had spent much of his career behind the desk instead of leading troops on the ground. This, along with the military's backlash against Sudharmono during

3315-535: The traditional and modern aspirations of the Acehnese people , to their advantage, by making him travel all around the province telling people that a Golkar victory would bring about material development without sacrificing traditional values. Sudharmono's leadership, as well as the weakness of the Islamic opposition, the United Development Party , following the withdrawal of the Nahdlatul Ulama (NU) from

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3380-487: The vice-presidential nomination yet. Rumors that Sudharmono was a communist were spread by ABRI, accusing him of being a member of Pesindo (Pemuda Sosialis Indonesia), a youth socialist organization. At the General Session itself, which lasted from 1–11 March 1988, controversy continued to dog Sudharmono's nomination as vice president. First, Brigadier General Ibrahim Saleh interrupted the session and launched

3445-427: The vote. In the 1999 MPR General Session, the PPP was part of the Central Axis, a political coalition of Muslim parties which was formed by MPR Chairman, Amien Rais to counter the dominance of Megawati Sukarnoputri 's Indonesian Democratic Party-Struggle (PDI-P). The PDI-P had won the legislative election and Megawati was expected to win the presidency. However, the MPR was still at this stage responsible for electing

3510-605: The war, he took part in the guerilla war against the Dutch around Wonosobo and Magelang . After the Dutch retreated from Indonesia in 1949, Sudharmono completed his Secondary Education before going to Jakarta in 1952 to join the Military Law Academy , which he completed the course in 1956. It was around this time that he befriended then-military officer Leonardus Benjamin Moerdani . He then served in Medan , North Sumatra , as an Army Attorney from 1957 to 1961. In 1962, Sudharmono received his degree in law after completing

3575-689: The years after the fall of Suharto, he was trusted to coordinate the seven foundations established by the Cendana family, namely Dharmais, Supersemar, Dakap, Damandiri, Amal Bhakti Muslim Pancasila, Gotong Royong, and Trikora. Sudharmono died on 25 January 2006, at around 19.40 Western Indonesia Time , after undergoing treatment for two weeks at the Intensive Care Unit of the Metropolitan Medical Center (MMC) Hospital, in Jakarta , since 10 January 2006. He died due to

3640-534: Was an Indonesian Army officer and politician, who served as the fifth vice president of Indonesia from 1988 until 1993 under the New Order regime. Previously, he served in several positions in the government and military , including as the Chairman of Golkar , State Secretary of Indonesia, and a Lieutenant General in the army . Sudharmono was born on 12 March 1927, in Gresik , East Java . He completed his Middle School education in 1945. Following

3705-614: Was from his mother's side of the family. He began his elementary school education at the Hollandsch-Inlandsche School (HIS). At HIS, he was accelerated by his teacher from the first grade straight to the third grade . He then continued his education in Semarang , Central Java , where he majored in exact sciences. His education was cut short however with the arrival of the Japanese in 1942. Following

3770-567: Was furious that ABRI had pre-empted him, but did not want an open dispute with its delegation in the assembly. This led to an uneasy truce, where Suharto accepted Try as vice president. It has been speculated that, if Try Sutrisno hadn't been nominated, then Suharto would've chosen either Sudharmono or B. J. Habibie as vice president. Following the end of his term as vice president, Sudharmono returned to private life. In 1997, Sudharmono released his autobiography , Pengalaman Dalam Masa Pengabdian ("Experiences During Time of Service"). Concurrently,

3835-527: Was his visit to Israel and the suggestion that he was willing to establish diplomatic relations with that nation. Hamzah who served in Wahid's cabinet as Coordinating Minister for People's Welfare, immediately resigned from his position just a month after Wahid had appointed him to it. Many other Wahid allies would follow and in July 2001, the PPP would join in removing Wahid from the presidency and naming Megawati as

3900-648: Was interred in the Kalibata Heroes' Cemetery , Jakarta . Sudharmono was born on 12 March 1927, in Cerme village, Gresik , East Java , Dutch East Indies (now Indonesia ). His father was Soepijo Wirodiredjo, the son of a carik (secretary) of the Village of Kabalan, in Kanor District, Bojonegoro , who began his career as an intern at the Balen District office. His mother was Raden Nganten Sukarsi,

3965-505: Was likely only in opposition to Sudharmono. The chaos of the session resulted in the intervention by Suharto. He cited a decision that the MPR made in 1973 that one of the criteria for a vice president was that he should be able to work with the President. Suharto also conducted discussions with Naro and convinced him to withdraw the nomination. With Naro out of the way, Sudharmono was elected vice president. As vice president, Sudharmono

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4030-575: Was not notified of his nomination. In theory, MPR faction members were allowed to nominate their candidates for vice president. But in practice, there was an unwritten rule, where factions had to wait for the president to nominate his chosen candidate. Members from the United Development Party (PPP) and the Indonesian Democratic Party (PDI) quickly approved of Try's nomination, while Golkar struggled to tell its members that Golkar had not nominated Try as vice president. Suharto

4095-419: Was reported to be extremely active in governing. He issued a policy to form Tromol Pos 5000 as a means of monitoring the community and he began to consolidate politics by visiting the provinces, departments (ministries), State Offices, and other institutions. He also held a Supervision Coordination Meeting annually. Meanwhile, ABRI continued to show their displeasure at Sudharmono's election as vice president. At

4160-445: Was unexpected. He was accompanied by Sarwono Kusumaatmadja as secretary general. As Chairman of Golkar, Sudharmono reformed some of the inner workings of the party. He did this by pushing for further transparency within the party organization, creating job descriptions for party officials, dividing the tasks of party officials, and creating the post of field coordinator. Sudharmono also conducted many inspection tours of Golkar branches at

4225-399: Was won because of electoral fraud . PPP members also conducted a mass walkout when Suharto referred to religions as "streams of beliefs". The PPP seemed to have cemented itself a status as the strongest opposition party. It would not last long however. In 1984, NU, under its Chairman, Abdurrahman Wahid withdrew from the PPP, severely weakening it. The PPP vote share fell from almost 28% in

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