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51-757: Pasco School District No. 1 ( PSD ) is a public school district in Pasco, Washington , United States, part of the Tri-Cities area. It serves over 18,500 K–12 students in the city of Pasco and surrounding parts of unincorporated Franklin County . As of 2024, the district operates 17 elementary schools, four middle schools, and four high schools. Programs offered by PSD include the largest dual language program in Washington, serving over 2,190 students who are educated in both English and Spanish. The district launched

102-489: A digital learning academy in 2023 that consolidates four online schools that offer remote learning to 600 students. The school district's superintendent has been Michelle Whitney since 2016. The Pasco School District No. 1 was formed on January 10, 1885, with one teacher and no permanent building. The first school in Pasco was constructed later in the year and was followed by a second schoolhouse in 1888. The school district

153-429: A monoethnic society throughout its history, there is not enough system and awareness to protect these students from bullying, social isolation, or academic failure. For instance, the drop-out rate for North Korean immigrant students is ten times higher than that of students from South Korean students because their major challenge is initially to adapt to South Korean society, not to get a higher test score. The other group

204-454: A school board ) may be elected, appointed by a political office holder, serve ex officio , or a combination of any of these. An independent school district is a legally separate body corporate and political . Most school districts operate as independent local governmental units with exclusive authority over K–12 public educational operations and policies. The extent of their control is set by state-level law. Litigation against school districts

255-481: A "board of trustees," "board of education," "school committee," etc.. This body usually appoints or hires an experienced public school administrator to function as the district's superintendent of schools – a district's chief executive . The superintendent oversees daily operations, decisions and implements the policies of the board. The school board may also exercise a quasi-judicial function in serious employee or student discipline matters. School districts in

306-626: A certain degree comparable to a school district. Other arrangements are possible: certain types of special schools in North Rhine-Westphalia are run by the Landschaftsverbände . There also exist private schools , mostly funded by the States, but run by private entities like churches or foundations. In Italy , school districts were established in 1974 by the " Provvedimenti Delegati sulla scuola " ("Assigned Laws [to

357-453: A curriculum focused on science, technology, engineering, and mathematics (STEM). An existing elementary school, Captain Gray, was converted into the district's third STEM school in 2015. One of the newest elementary schools in the district, Three Rivers, opened in 2019 with the first inclusive playground in Washington state; the playground features a greater variety of accessible equipment than

408-568: A decline in property tax revenues during and after the Great Recession . By 2016 there were about 13,000 school districts, and the average student population was about 5,000. Although these terms can vary slightly between various states and regions, these are typical definitions for school district constitution: These terms may not appear in a district's name, even though the condition may apply. In England and Wales , school boards were established in 1870, and abolished in 1902, with

459-411: A decrease of 38,127 or 35%. Many states had passed laws facilitating school district consolidation. In 1951 the majority of the school districts in existence were rural school districts only providing elementary education, and some school districts did not operate schools but instead provided transportation to other schools. The Midwest had a large number of rural school districts. Previously areas of

510-641: A minority of secondary schools , a few primary schools, and much further education . (Most schools are neither organized geographically nor publicly managed, although the Department of Education inspects and funds them and pays teachers' salaries.) Each ETB area comprises one or more local authority areas , with city or county councilors forming the bulk of the ETB board. The ETBs was formed in 2005 by amalgamating Vocational Education Committees established in 1930, also based on local government areas. In Hong Kong ,

561-911: A rigorous one-year program from outstanding students in the African region. The Huffington Post cited options in alternative learning like Home School, Micro Schooling, and Unschooling. The concept of Unschooling means the student learns according to the way that person wants for specific reasons and choice. The individual gets help from teachers, parents, books, or formal classes but makes the final decision on how to proceed and according to his or her preferred schedule. Micro-schools or independent free schools differ in approach, size, and authority. These are contemporary one-room schools, full-time or part-time facilities, or learning centers that are owned and managed by teachers or parents. Some parents choose this non-traditional system over formal education because it teaches youngsters to look for practical solutions. The USA

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612-455: A school system that is separate but similar to a town's or a county's powers. These include the power to enter contacts, use eminent domain , and to issue binding rules and regulations affecting school policies and operations. The power of school districts to tax and spend is generally more limited. For example, many school districts in New York state require a majority of voters living in

663-710: A single school district." Noting that most modern school districts were formed by consolidating one-room school districts in the first seven decades of the 20th century, Fischel argues that "outside the South, these consolidations were consented to by local voters" who "preferred districts whose boundaries conformed to their everyday interactions rather than formal units of government" and that "[t]he South ended up with county-based school districts because segregation imposed diseconomies of scale on district operations and required larger land-area districts." In New York , most school districts are separate governmental units with

714-449: A state), most American school districts operate as independent local governmental units under a grant of authority and within geographic limits created by state law. The executive and legislative power over locally-controlled policies and operations of an independent school district are, in most cases, held by a school district's board of education. Depending on state law, members of a local board of education (often referred to informally as

765-476: A traditional school playground. The Pasco School District moved its sixth-grade classes from elementary schools to middle schools from 2015 to 2020 due to overcrowding that was later eased by the construction of Ray Reynolds Middle School. Chiawana High School had grown to 2,700 students by 2019, becoming the largest high school in Washington state. Funding to construct a third high school, to be in West Pasco,

816-699: Is a 6,000-seat stadium owned by the Pasco School District that serves as the home stadium for the athletic programs at Chiawana and Pasco high schools. It opened on September 13, 1957. Harvest View High School will also use the stadium for varsity American football beginning in 2025. School district In the U.S., most K–12 public schools function as units of local school districts. A school district usually operate several elementary , middle , and high schools . The largest urban and suburban districts operate hundreds of schools. While practice varies significantly by state (and in some cases, within

867-513: Is an educational establishment with a curriculum and methods that are nontraditional. Such schools offer a wide range of philosophies and teaching methods; some have political, scholarly, or philosophical orientations and foundings, while others are in response to a need for local or regional desire of diverse educational and vocational outcomes not necessarily fostered through mainstream or federally-regulated public schooling . Some schools are based on pedagogical approaches differing from that of

918-640: Is clear that affording private education is a mere fantasy for these families. That phenomenon, at last, causes a gap among alternative schools themselves. Some schools are richly supported by upper-class parents and provide variety of in-school and after-school programs, and others rarely have resource to build few academic and extracurricular programs as such. India has a long history of alternative schools. Vedic and Gurukul systems of education during 1500 BC to 500 BC emphasized on acquisition of occupational skills, cultural and spiritual enlightenment in an atmosphere which encouraged rational thinking, reasoning among

969-427: Is common and some law firms specialize in education law. Districts typically maintain professional liability insurance in order to pay its settlements and legal liabilities. As of 2023 in most U.S. states, public school districts may lay taxes to fund their operations. In others, such as Maine , some school districts are able to lay taxes and others are not. Independent school districts often exercise authority over

1020-771: Is students who choose an alternative education because of its philosophy. Korean education, as in many other Asian countries, is based on testing and memorizing. Some students and parents believe this kind of education cannot nurture a student thoroughly and choose to go to an alternative school, that suggests a different way to learn for students. These schools usually stress the importance of interaction between other people and nature over written test results. The major struggle in alternative schools in South Korea are recognition, lack of financial support, and quality gap between alternative schools. Although South Korean public's recognition to alternative education has deliberately changed,

1071-470: Is students who could not succeed in formative Korean education. Many of these schools serve students who dropped out during their earlier school years, either voluntarily or by disciplinary action. The second group is young immigrants. As the population of immigrants from Southeast Asia and North Korea is increasing, several educators started to see the necessity of the adaptive education, specially designed for these young immigrants. Because South Korea has been

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1122-681: The Education Bureau divides primary schools into 36 districts, known as school nets, for its Primary One Admission System . Of the 36 districts, districts 34 and 41 in Kowloon and districts 11 and 12 in Hong Kong Island are considered the most prestigious. In Iranian cities school kids normal registrations are limited by school districts, register is online at my.medu.ir and the parent sees schools within range online. Alternative high school An alternative school

1173-790: The Midwest and West tend to cross municipal boundaries, while school districts in New England and the Mid-Atlantic regions tend to adhere to city, township, and/or county boundaries. As of 1951 school districts were independent governmental units in 26 states, while in 17 states there were mixes of independent school districts and school districts subordinate to other local governments. In nine states there were only school districts subordinate to local governments. In most Southern states, school systems operate either as an arm of county government or at least share coextensive boundaries with

1224-710: The Unorganized Borough of Alaska were not served by school districts but instead served by schools directly operated by the Alaska Department of Education and by Bureau of Indian Affairs (BIA) schools. The state schools were transferred to the Alaska State-Operated School System (SOS) after the Alaska Legislature created it in 1971; that agency was terminated in 1975, with its schools transferred to

1275-442: The county council and county borough councils becoming the local education authorities . In France, the system of the carte scolaire was dismantled by the beginning of the 2007 school year. More school choice has been given to French students; however, priority is given to those who meet the following criteria: In Germany , schools and teachers are predominately funded by the states of Germany , which also are in control of

1326-600: The progressive education still is not widely accepted. To enter a college, regular education is often preferred because of the nation's rigid educational taste on test result and record. For the same reason, South Korean government is not actively supporting alternative schools financially. Hence, many alternative schools are at risk of bankruptcy, especially the schools that do not or cannot collect tuition from their students. Most Southeast Asian and North Korean immigrant families are financially in need, so they need assist from government's welfare system for their everyday life. It

1377-474: The 1970s, when relatively few existed. Some alternative schools are for students of all academic levels and abilities who are better served by a non-traditional program. Others are specifically intended for students with special educational needs , address social problems that affect students, such as teenage parenthood or homelessness, or accommodate students who are considered at risk of failing academically. Another common element of alternative schools in

1428-557: The Government] about the school"). Each district must contain a minimum of 10,000 inhabitants. The national government attempted to link the local schools with local society and culture and local governments. The school districts were dissolved in 2003 by the "legge finanziaria" (law about the government budget) in an attempt to trim the national budget. In the Republic of Ireland, 16 Education and Training Boards (ETBs) administer

1479-602: The National Association of Independent Alternative Schools (). Funding for private schools in Germany differs from Bundesland to Bundesland. Full public funding is given to laboratory schools researching school concepts for public education. The Laborschule Bielefeld had a great influence on many alternative schools, including the renewal of the democratic school concept. In South Korea, alternative schools serve three big groups of youth. The first group

1530-522: The United States has been the use of community resource professionals in various disciplines who serve as instructors on a part-time, volunteer basis. Depending upon the type of student going into an alternative school, this has sometimes caused friction with the teachers in conventional schools. The Leonia Alternative High School of the 1970s in New Jersey , which placed a heavy emphasis on

1581-403: The United States tend to be different from the demographics of the students. This difference is "most pronounced in majority nonwhite jurisdictions and school districts with the largest racial achievement gaps ." There were 130,000 school districts in the country in 1930, with an average student population of 150. From 1942 to 1951 the number of school districts declined from 108,579 to 70,452,

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1632-469: The district or the local government to approval their annual budget, but school districts in Virginia have no taxing authority and must depend on another local government (county, city, or town) for funding. A district's governing body, usually called a school board , is typically elected by direct popular vote but may be appointed by other governmental officials. The governing body might also be known as

1683-527: The early 21st century, particularly from immigration in the Hispanic American community. In 2007, superintendent Saundra Hill estimated that 65 percent of students lived in households that primarily spoke languages other than English. Pasco opened its second high school, Chiawana , at a 80-acre (32 ha) campus in August 2009 to address overcrowding at Pasco High School ; within eight years,

1734-399: The examples. An upsurge in alternative schools was seen in 1970's onward. But most of the alternate schools are the result of individual efforts rather than government. Alternative education programs are ideal for people who think college education is not a requirement for becoming successful entrepreneurs. These programs educate neophyte and experienced entrepreneurs while providing them with

1785-424: The famous Dartington Hall School , and Kilquhanity School , both now closed. Currently there is one democratic primary school Small Acres, and two democratic secondary schools, Summerhill and Sands School . There is also a range of schools based on the ideas of Maria Montessori and Rudolf Steiner . In the United States, there has been tremendous growth in the number of alternative schools in operation since

1836-560: The following characteristics: In the United Kingdom , 'alternative school' refers to a school that provides a learner centered informal education as an alternative to the regimen of traditional education in the United Kingdom . There's a long tradition of such schools in the United Kingdom, going back to Summerhill , whose founder, A. S. Neill , greatly influenced the spread of similar democratic type schools such as

1887-464: The future Harvest View High School for a new elementary or middle school. As of 2024, the Pasco School District has 17 elementary schools for students in kindergarten through the fifth grade : As of 2024, the Pasco School District has four middle schools for students in the sixth, seventh, and eighth grades: As of 2024, the Pasco School District has two traditional high schools and two alternative high schools : Edgar Brown Memorial Stadium

1938-428: The mainstream pedagogy employed in a culture, while other schools are for gifted students , children with special needs , children who have fallen off the track educationally or expelled from their base school , children who wish to explore unstructured or less rigid system of learning, etc. There are many models of alternative schools but the features of promising alternative programs seem to converge more or less on

1989-761: The necessary resources. An article published at Forbes.com last February 11, 2018 mentioned that many educational institutions contribute to their respective accelerator courses. The University of Missouri System initiated the Ameren Accelerator which concentrates on energy startups and assists entrepreneurs in obtaining essential know-how about the industry from educator-partners at the university level. There are international programs that also offer related resources like Meltwater Entrepreneurial School of Technology in Ghana, Africa. It has an incubator program providing seed capital, training, and learning opportunities in

2040-458: The newer high school had over 2,600 students and required the use of portable classrooms to accommodate its student body. A growth impact fee was approved by the Pasco city government in 2012 to fund capital projects, including the construction of five additional elementary schools, due to the city's population growth in the 2000s. The school district opened its first STEM elementary school, named for Rosalind Franklin , in 2014; these schools have

2091-608: The newly created Alaska Unorganized Borough School District, which was broken apart into twenty-one school districts the following year. In the 2022 Census of Governments, the United States Census Bureau enumerated the following numbers of school systems in the United States: School districts in the US have reduced the number of their employees by 3.3%, or 270,000 between 2008 and 2012, owing to

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2142-504: The overall education policies. On the other hand, school buildings are mostly run and funded by municipal governments on different levels of the municipal system (municipalities proper, districts), depending on the size and specialization of a certain school or the population size of a certain municipality. As with other fields of government, for more specialized schools, special government bodies ("Zweckverband") can be established, where municipalities, and not voters, are members; these are to

2193-521: The pioneers who took up the cause of social regeneration, removal of social inequalities, promotion of girl's education through alternate schools. In the early twentieth century educationists create models of alternative schools as a response to the drawbacks to mainstream schools which are still viable. Rabindranath Tagore 's Shanti Niketan , Jiddu Krishnamurthy 's Rishi Valley School , Sri Aurobindo and Mother's Sri Aurobindo International Center for Education, and Walden's Path Magnet School are some of

2244-441: The power to levy taxes and incur debt, except for the five cities with a population of over 125,000 ( Buffalo , Rochester , Syracuse , Yonkers , and New York City ), where the schools are operated directly by the municipalities. The Hawaii State Department of Education functions as a single statewide school district, unique among states. According to a 2021 study, the demographics of voters who elect local school boards in

2295-405: The state schools. In Canada, schools for children who are having difficulty in a traditional secondary school setting are known as alternate schools. Germany has over 200 Waldorf schools , including the first such school in the world (founded 1919), and a large number of Montessori schools . Each of these has its own national association, whereas most other alternative schools are organized in

2346-556: The state's counties. A 2010 study by economist William A. Fischel found that "two-thirds of medium-to-large American cities have boundaries that substantially overlap those of a single school district" with substantial regional and state variations in the degree of overlap, "ranging from nearly perfect congruence in New England , New Jersey, and Virginia, to hardly any in Illinois, Texas, and Florida." Older and more populous municipalities "tend to have boundaries that closely match those of

2397-481: The students. Hence the aim of education was to develop the pupil in various aspects of life as well as ensure social service. However, with the decline of the local economies and the advent of the colonial rulers this system went into decline. Some notable reforms like English as the medium of instruction, were introduced as recommended in Macaulay's Minute in the year 1835. The mainstream schools of today still follow

2448-454: The system developed in the colonial era. In the years since independence, Government has focused on expansion of school network, designing of curriculum according to educational needs, local language as the medium of instruction, etc. By the end of nineteenth century, many social reformers began to explore alternatives to contemporary education system. Vivekananda , Dayanand Saraswati , Jyotiba Phule , Savitribai Phule , Syed Ahmed Khan were

2499-694: The use of community resource instructors, ended up in a protracted battle with the local teachers union , resulting in the school eventually closing. While alternative schools became more commonplace by the 1990s, there were still tensions between them and teachers unions regarding the teachers losing central control over such matters. In Canada, local school boards choose whether or not they wish to have alternative schools and how they are operated. The alternative schools may include multi-age groupings, integrated curriculum or holistic learning, parental involvement, and descriptive reports rather than grades. Some school systems provide alternative education streams within

2550-630: Was accredited by the Washington State Board of Education on June 7, 1910, and had 475 students at the time. The school district financed the creation of Columbia Basin College , a junior college to serve the Tri-Cities region, in 1955 with state approval. It continued to operate the college until 1967, when the state government reorganized community colleges into independent districts. The school district underwent major growth in

2601-415: Was approved by voters as part of a $ 195.5 million bond measure in early 2023. It is scheduled to open for the 2025–26 school year as Harvest View High School; the project is anticipated to cost $ 185 million to construct. A career and college center, named Orion High School, is planned to also open during the 2025–26 school year. In January 2024, the school district purchased 41 acres (17 ha) near

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