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56-658: Dulce Nombre de Jesús de Petare is a neighborhood in Miranda , Venezuela, and is part of the Metropolitan District of Caracas . It is located in the Sucre Municipality , one of the five divisions of Caracas . The city was founded in 1621 under the name of San Jose de Guanarito . It grew to become a part of the Greater Caracas area as the latter expanded in area and population. Petare had

112-528: A crossroads in Petare, making the small town an obligatory stop for travelers and merchants traveling from Caracas, Baruta and El Hatillo to Guarenas and Mariches. Just where these routes converged, a dynamic exchange of agricultural products and merchandise in general took place. The site later took the name of Los Portales. Among the Royal Roads, the one that linked Caracas with Petare stood out and that from

168-490: A document that regulates the use of the buildings and dictates the creation of a board special for the safeguarding and revitalization of the area. Finally, on October 7, 2000, the Legislative Council of the state of Miranda declared the colonial center a Historical, Cultural and Tourist Center, a resolution that establishes the creation of a commission made up of public and private representatives, whose mission

224-608: A major urban boom, which caused a decrease in the amount of agricultural land. The state is well known for its green areas (including several national parks, haciendas and protected areas), for its highly urbanized cities that coexist with rural towns, for the coasts of the Caribbean Sea, a safe stop during vacation seasons, the Devils of Yare and the Tacarigua Lagoon; just to mention some of the tourist attractions of

280-413: A period of four years with the possibility of re-election for new periods, being in charge of the state administration. Until 1988, the governor was appointed by the president of the republic. In 1989, the first direct regional elections were held in the country. The current governor is Hector Rodriguez. He was elected on October 15, 2017 with 52.78% of the votes. The Legislative Power is represented by

336-552: A population of 2,675,165 residents. It also has the greatest Human Development Index in Venezuela, according to the Venezuelan National Institute of Statistics (Instituto Nacional de Estadistica, Caracas). The most recent population estimate was 3,194,390 in mid-2016. Miranda is an important center for political, economic, cultural and commercial activities. The state is administered by a governor, and

392-779: A population of 372,106 inhabitants and about 448,861 according to 2020 estimates. Petare is the biggest slum in Venezuela , and in South America . The neighborhood is towards the eastern edge of Caracas , but has developed its own commercial core. Two universities are located in Petare: Universidad Santa María and Universidad Metropolitana . Poverty remains a major limitation to the city's development. On February 17, 1621, Captain Pedro Gutiérrez de Lugo and Father Gabriel de Mendoza founded

448-644: Is Major General Regulo Argotte Prieto. The State of Miranda as a federal entity with constitutional rank has its own Constitution, ( Constitución del Estado Miranda , the Constitution of the State of Miranda) and it has two branches of public power according to Article 14 of its Constitution: the Executive (Governor of Miranda) and the Legislative (Legislative Council). In addition, autonomous bodies such as

504-467: Is divided into 21 municipalities and 55 parishes according to the Regional and National Constitution. Miranda State is sub-divided into 21 municipalities, given below with their administrative centres, areas and populations: According to the 2011 Census, the racial composition of the population was: The economic development of the state is based on the excellence of its soils, which has allowed

560-611: Is located in the north-central part of Venezuela. It is part of the so-called Capital Region together with the Capital District and the state of Vargas. It is located in the central coastal area of the country. It borders on the north with the Federal District, on the south with the states of Guarico and Aragua, on the east with the Caribbean Sea and on the west with Aragua. Relief The relief is predominantly rugged and abrupt, with high slopes and narrow valleys within

616-755: Is sub-divided into 21 municipalities, each under a mayor. Miranda State covers a total surface area of 7,950 km (3,070 sq mi). When the Spanish arrived, the region was inhabited by various Caribbean tribes. Among them were the Caracas, the Teques, the Cumanagotos, the Mariches and the Quiriquires. The Teques inhabited the southwestern part of Guaire. The Mariches inhabited the eastern part of

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672-492: Is the high mirandine headquarters of the SENIAT, also near Los Teques is the town of San Pedro de Los Altos, an agricultural town, where vegetables and large areas of flower crops are grown, and several bottling plants for mineral water such as Minalba and Zenda where pure spring water is bottled. It also highlights its architecture ranging from modern Chacao to the colonial architecture of many villages, highlighting in that aspect

728-417: Is the industrial one, standing out the manufacturing one, which conforms together with the one of the Federal District the first urban manufacturing set of the country. The tertiary sector is extremely important: financial, commercial and service activities are concentrated in the area of Miranda. During the last two decades the tourist activity has grown with the installation of a great hotel infrastructure in

784-572: Is the same thing that happens in New York with Broadway Avenue, which is the only street that is not straight in the city because it is the old colonial road that linked the North with the South of the island of Manhattan). The social structure was made up of four segments: the slaves (blacks), the common people (peasants, carters, artisans, and indigenous people), the merchants (grocers and pulperos), and

840-479: Is to prepare a recovery for the sector, also including the house of Tito Salas and the Trapiche Arvelo. The results of this latest resolution remain to be seen. petare.org Miranda (state) Miranda State (Spanish: Estado Miranda , IPA: [esˈtaðo miˈɾanda] ) is one of the 23 states of Venezuela and the second most populous after Zulia State . As of the 2011 census, it had

896-483: Is very hot in the low areas with temperatures ranging from 20 °C to 42 °C with very high humidity in the coastal region of Barlovento. In the Altos Mirandinos region, temperatures vary slightly throughout the year. In the dry season (December–March), temperatures vary between 10 °C and 23 °C, in the beginning of the wet season (April, May) high temperatures can be registered up to 33 °C,

952-599: The Caracas Valley. They practiced hunting and gathering, while others lived by fishing. When the Spanish conquistadors arrived, these tribes were brave enough to fight for their territory, commanded by caciques like Guaicaipuro and Yare. Guaicaipuro was a legendary cacique of the Teques and Caracas Indians who resisted the conquistador Diego de Losada, while cacique Yare was the cumanagoto, quiriquire, charagoto and arauco chief who killed Captain Mendoza, who had murdered

1008-670: The Caribbean islands. From the second decade of the 17th century, cocoa displaced these crops. In addition, all commercial activities were monopolized by the Royal Guipuzcoa Company, which generated the first discontents and uprisings against the crown. From the beginning of the 17th century, slave labour quickly replaced the Indian labour force, concentrating on the Windward region, which was the largest cocoa producer. It

1064-399: The Constitution of the State of Miranda, which is the basis of the state's legal system and was approved in 2006. Its current governor is Hector Rodriguez. The executive branch is composed of a governor and a council of secretaries who assist him in the management of government and are freely appointed and removable officials. The governor is elected by the people by direct and secret vote for

1120-622: The Democratic Unity Table. The President of the Legislative Council is Legislator Aurora Morales and the Vice President is Legislator Miguel Mora . Miranda State has its own autonomous police force based on Article 164 of the 1999 Venezuelan Constitution, which is known as Polimiranda (Miranda State Police), created in 1996 as the Autonomous Police Institute of Miranda State. Its current director

1176-636: The Indian Tamanaco. Once all the tribes were subdued, the Spaniards settled completely on these lands, founding the city of Caracas, and later different towns in the interior of the state of Miranda. During the colony this region became part of the Province of Caracas. At the end of the 16th century and beginning of the 17th century the highlands were used to cultivate, among other products, wheat destined largely for export to Cartagena de Indias and

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1232-515: The River Tuy. The availability of water resources in the state is really precarious, as the state is located in the largest urban conglomerate in the country. The volume of available water is committed to supply almost the entire metropolitan district of Caracas, as well as the entire territory of Mirandina, which is poorly supplied by the reservoirs of La Mariposa, Lagartijo, La Pereza, Ocumarito, Agua Fría, Taguaza, El Guapo and Quebrada Seca. Many of

1288-550: The Santa Rosa ravine passed to Sabana Grande (by the Calle Real de Sabana Grande or Chacao), Los Dos Caminos, Boleita and Petare itself, that is, the which is known as the colonial center of the city. Almost without modifications, this Camino Real de Petare became, towards the middle of the 20th century, Francisco de Miranda Avenue, which explains its layout, with quite smooth curves, but without having rectilinear sections (it

1344-788: The State Comptroller's Office and the Attorney General's Office are established. The other three depend on the National Power as the Judicial (Miranda State Judicial District), Electoral (Miranda State Electoral Office) and Citizen. Its authorities are elected by the Mirandina people in a universal, direct and secret way, sending 13 deputies to the National Assembly of Venezuela. The state of Miranda

1400-575: The Tuy Valley continues. Since colonial times there have been cocoa plantations in Barlovento combined with cassava, yams, caraotas or beans and bananas. The industrialization process had an important economic impact, favored by its proximity to the city of Caracas, mainly in the cities of Petare, Guarenas and Guatire and in the valley of Tuy, where manufacturing centers of the metal-mechanical, chemical and food sectors were established. This led to

1456-526: The Tuy Valleys, in the Guarenas and Guatire area, and in the Barlovento region. In mountainous areas, rivers and streams, it is common to see mammals such as the raccoon ( Didelphis marsupialis ) and the spiny rat ( Proechimys sp.), the squirrel ( Sciurus granatensis ), the mountain buckthorn ( Dasypus novemcinctus ), the porcupine ( Coendou prehensilis ), the agouti ( Dasyprocta leporina ),

1512-774: The Tuy on the left bank, have been dammed, near the Teques, in the Agua Fría reservoir, while the Ocumare, was dammed near Ocumare del Tuy, in the Ocumarito reservoir. The best known tributary is the Guaire River. On the right bank, the Tuy receives the Taguaza, Taguacita and Cuira rivers. Other important rivers are the Guarenas, Rio Grande or Caucagua, Capaya, El Guapo, Pacairigua, El Curiepe and Cúpira. The climate of Miranda State

1568-867: The Venezuelan State declared the Dulce Nombre de Jesús Church and the Santa María Magdalena Chapel National Historical Monuments. Likewise, the Municipal Chamber of the Sucre District created, through the resolution of October 29, 1964, the Historic Center of Petare, in order to preserve this urban area, rich in testimonies of the cultural identity of Venezuela. Its limits return to the original space occupied by

1624-554: The area of Los Carraos and Zuloaga caves, the insectivorous bat species Natalus tumidirostris , Myotis keaysi and Tadarida aurispinosa have been identified. Among the common trees to find in the forest are, the ladle or child ( Gyranthera caribensis ), the bitter cedar ( Cedrela mexicana ), milky of the genus Sapium ( Sapium stylare ), yagrumo ( Cecropia peltata ), yagrumo male ( Didymopanax morototoni ), bucare ( Erythrina poeppigiana ), ceiba ( Ceiba pentandra ), indio desnudo ( Bursera simaruba ); in some parts of

1680-417: The benefit of the community. However, a violent process of human growth also began, propitiated by the replacement of extensive plantations by modern urbanizations, industrial zones and popular neighborhoods. Concerned about the avalanche of progress, the authorities decided to protect the old town of Petare, which preserved its buildings, homes and public spaces almost intact. In this sense, on August 2, 1960,

1736-426: The boom in agriculture. The region of the valleys of Tuy is characterized by the production of cocoa, sugar cane, and corn, among other crops. Barlovento also has great fertility of its lands, standing out the cultivation of cocoa and a great variety of fruits and vegetables. Likewise, Guatire and Guarenas have good lands for cultivation, being coffee one of the main products of the area. Among other economic activities

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1792-792: The bucolic image of the colonial-style houses and the mild temperatures between 23 and 25 degrees Celsius. . Among the illustrious visitors were the writer Teresa de La Parra, who spent some time at the Hacienda Güere-Güere; and Tito Salas, a painter who chose the El Toboso mansion as his residence next to the Baloa bridge on the Tuy railway, where he organized meetings for his friends, Andrés Eloy Blanco and Isaías Medina Angarita. The democratic era brought more profound transformations: public services, such as transportation, education, health, electricity and water, were expanded and improved for

1848-419: The coast of Barlovento. Cereals are grown in the fertile valleys of Tuy, while the microclimates are used for horticultural and fruit activities whose products are processed in the agro-industries. In suburban areas, poultry and pig farming are practiced, especially promoted by Portuguese, Spanish and Italian immigrants. Coffee production has decreased; however, the expansion of sugar cane and cotton crops in

1904-645: The collapse of public services and the proliferation of previously unknown social ills. In 1990, Petare became the capital of the Sucre Municipality and the census of that same year counted 500,800 inhabitants. Once again in pursuit of its salvation, on August 31, 1993, the Council of the Sucre Municipality issued the Ordinance for the Conservation and Development of the Historic Center of Petare,

1960-656: The country, gives its rivers great significance as sources of water for urban consumption. The Tuy River, with a length of 250 km, rises at an altitude of 2 100 m, on the southern flank of the Litoral mountain range, flows eastwards through the Abra de Tácata to the Tuy and Barlovento valleys, and flows into the Caribbean Sea through the Paparo mouth. The El Jarillo River and the Aguas Frías and La Negra streams, tributaries of

2016-606: The decentralization carried out by President Carlos Andrés Perez, Arnaldo Arocha was elected the first governor by popular vote. By October 15, 2017, Héctor Rodríguez was elected governor of the State of Miranda, after facing Carlos Ocariz in an election. On Dec. 5, the Legislative Assembly of Miranda State created the Independence district, with its capital in Santa Teresa del Tuy The state of Miranda

2072-499: The distribution of the first encomiendas by Diego de Losada , Juan Gallegos, Sebastián Díaz Alfaro and Francisco Fajardo . According to the usage of the time, the settlers, mostly Canary Islanders , built the town following the grid shape of the central square, around which they located the church, the first public buildings, the market and the homes of the most notable families. In the fertile Mariche valley, Coffee , Cocoa bean , Maize (or Corn) and Sugarcane farms proliferated;

2128-423: The eucalyptus ( Eucalyptus camaldulensis ), apamates ( Tabebuia rosea ), araguaneyes ( Tabebuia chrysantha ), mahoganies ( Swietenia macrophylla ), soaps ( Hura crepitans ), kujis ( Acacia farnesiana ), samans ( Pithecellobium saman ), bamboos ( Bambusa vulgaris ), riqui riquis ( Heliconia latispatha ) and tapir nails ( Philodendron ) The state of Miranda (as a federal entity) has its own charter,

2184-418: The existence of a state as a political division of the country. The division by states did not appear in Venezuela in a concrete way until 1864, when about twenty states were founded which, in the following governments, would be reduced to nine, among these, the founded state of Guzmán Blanco, which by 1873 only covered the region of Aragua. In 1881, the State of Guzmán Blanco expanded its territory to include

2240-458: The latter was processed in the nearby mills to extract the sweet paper and the bitter liquor. These crops supplied food not only to the residents of Dulce Nombre de Jesús, but also to their neighbors in Caracas . Among the most important were La Bolea, Los Marrones, La Urbina, Los Ruices, El Marqués, Macaracuay and Güere-Güere (today La California Norte urbanization). The fertility of the soil and

2296-434: The many museums, cathedrals and historic churches it has. It also has a diversity of monuments, urban parks, viewpoints, theaters, among many other spaces for the enjoyment of visitors. The state of Miranda has monuments and natural heritage because of its incredible beauty, some of these are The state of Miranda has a varied architectural heritage: States of Venezuela Too Many Requests If you report this error to

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2352-516: The mountains. The eastern sector constitutes a depression in the Serranía del Litoral. The Guaire River, which runs through the city of Caracas, divides the sector into two strips that are differentiated by their decline: the Valles del Tuy and La Depresión de Barlovento. The waters that make up the hydrographic network of the state are mostly short course. The main river basin in the State is that of

2408-422: The old town and its buildings were subject to special construction regulations. Despite these measures, the sector has suffered the demolition and modification of its old buildings, due to the indiscriminate establishment of commercial premises and transport stops to serve the enormous population of the neighboring urbanizations and neighborhoods. The constant transit of this immense number of people has resulted in

2464-420: The pleasant climate attracted prominent personalities from Caracas. Andrés Bello, José Félix Ribas, José Antonio Rodríguez Domínguez, Manuel de Clemente and Francisco de Berroterán (Marquis of Valle de Santiago) were part of the select group of guests who acquired properties for cultivation and rest. The Caminos Reales also contributed to the development of the local economy. This important network of roads formed

2520-624: The ranchers. This order remained practically unchanged for centuries. It was a wealthy society, not aristocratic, but with sufficient economic resources to acquire valuable objects and undertake ambitious works, such as the Church of the Sweet Name of Jesus and the Chapel of Saint Mary Magdalene. The 20th century began with a new political order for Petare. In 1904, the capital of the Miranda state

2576-495: The region of Miranda, among other nearby regions that were included as part of Guárico. In 1889, the territory of the Guzmán Blanco State was again modified by the Constitution, and its size was reduced by excluding several regions of the country such as the region of Aragua, but renaming the State as Edo Miranda. In 1900, by decree of General Cipriano Castro, the state of Caracas was included in Miranda and Caracas

2632-404: The region that is visited annually by thousands of seasonal visitors. It has large shopping centers, in the east of the metropolitan area of Caracas, for the enjoyment of the population, in the high mirandinos is La Cascada Commercial City, of large dimensions that has food fairs, cinemas, large stores, and all kinds of services and bank agencies, Additionally, in the professional center La Cascada

2688-439: The rest of the year it varies between 16 °C and 25 °C. The state of Miranda has soils with a high agricultural vocation that have been used since colonial times for the cultivation of cocoa, fruits, vegetables, cereals and other subsistence crops. However, the pressure of urban and industrial activities, especially the settlement of high population concentrations, has meant a loss of very considerable agricultural areas in

2744-516: The sloth ( Bradypus tridactylus ) very common in all areas of the municipality, the rabbit ( Sylvilagus brasiliensis ), and the one that has almost disappeared from the municipal area, the matacan deer ( Mazama americana ) that was common in the area of Turgua. In addition, at night it is common to observe bats, among which the list bat ( Saccopteryx bilineata ), common fruit bat ( Artibeus jamaicensis ), common vampire bat ( Desmodus rotundus ), and house bat ( Molossus molossus ) stand out. In

2800-441: The state the native flora has been intervened and replaced by fruit trees such as guamo ( Inga fastuosa ), mango ( Mangifera indica ), orange ( Citrus × sinensis ), mandarin ( Citrus × tangerina ), guava ( Psidium guajava ), pomarosa ( Syzygium jambos ), avocado ( Persea americana ) and cambur ( Musa × paradisiaca ). In the urban area it is common to see different types of ornamental trees, among which we can highlight

2856-518: The town of Dulce Nombre de Jesús de Petare, on a small hill bordered by the El Oro ravine and the Caurimare and Guaire rivers. The Mariches, an indigenous group belonging to the Caribbean linguistic family, inhabited these lands until 1573, when their main cacique, Cacique Tamanaco, died at the hands of the Spanish conqueror Pedro Alonso Galeas. From then on, the subjugation of the aborigines began and

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2912-425: The towns in the state are not frequently supplied with drinking water due to the high consumption of water resources. The Guaire, Tuy and Grande rivers are not used because they are in a state of contamination. The hydrography of Miranda State is characterized by the short course and low flow of its rivers, with the exception of Tuy. This characteristic, combined with the settlement of the largest mass of population in

2968-468: The unicameral Legislative Council of the State of Miranda, elected by the people through a direct and secret vote every four years. They can be re-elected for new consecutive periods, under a system of proportional representation of the population of the state and its municipalities. The PSUV currently has 15 legislators and since the 2012 regional elections the PSUV has a majority of 8 legislators against 7 from

3024-410: Was in this region that the first free blacks rose up against their masters, but were later stifled by Spanish troops. After the dissolution of Gran Colombia, Venezuela still used the provinces as a political-territorial organization, which had been used for a long time. Miranda, at that time, was part of a province. Between 1832 and 1855 the use of the province persisted due to the confusion generated by

3080-564: Was renamed Miranda State with the provisional capital in Santa Lucia. Then in 1901 the political-territorial space is modified again and the capital of the state becomes Petare, and in 1904 it is changed to Ocumare del Tuy. In 1909 the last important modification was made, changing the capital to Los Teques. In 1982, the municipality of Los Salias was founded through the Official Gazette of the State of Miranda. In 1989, after

3136-552: Was transferred to Ocumare del Tuy, for which Petare became the head of the Sucre Department of the Eastern Section of the Federal District, until seven years later it received the appointment of capital of the Sucre District of the state. Miranda. Until the 1950s, approximately, the people of Caracas frequented the town and its surroundings, seduced by the beautiful landscape of cultivated fields and clear rivers,

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