130-638: Randolph Peter Best ( né Scanland ; born 24 November 1941) is an English musician who was the drummer for the Beatles from 1960 to 1962. He was dismissed shortly before the band achieved worldwide fame and is one of several people referred to as a fifth Beatle . Best's mother, Mona Best (1924–1988), opened the Casbah Coffee Club in the cellar of the Bests' house in Liverpool. The Beatles (at
260-401: A black eye . As Best's replacement, Starr accompanied the band on their second recording session with EMI at Abbey Road studios on 4 September 1962. George Martin initially refused to let Starr play. He was unfamiliar with Starr and wanted to avoid any risk of his drumming not being up to par. On 11 September 1962, at the third EMI recording session, Martin used session musician Andy White on
390-577: A "commercial test" (i.e. an evaluation of a signed artist) on 6 June 1962 in Studio Two at the Abbey Road studios. The Beatles were not new to studio recording, and Best's drumming had been found acceptable by Polydor in Hamburg. However, Martin was alerted to Best's unsuitability for British studio work. EMI engineer Norman Smith stated in a 2006 video interview that "it was mainly down to what he
520-507: A Missouri man succeeded in changing his name to "They". The Minnesota Supreme Court ruled that a name change to "1069" could be denied, but that "Ten Sixty-Nine" was acceptable ( Application of Dengler , 1979); the North Dakota Supreme Court had denied the same request several years before ( Petition of Dengler , 1976). In nearly all states, a person cannot choose a name that is intended to mislead (such as adopting
650-404: A Quebec birth certificate if a name change certificate is issued by another province. Some have used that loophole to legally change their names by temporarily moving to another Canadian province or territory, which follow more permissive common law rules. Additionally, Saskatchewan registers changes of name made outside its jurisdiction and issues a "Registration of Change of Name Effected Outside
780-494: A TV report about the 2i's Coffee Bar in London's Soho where several singers had been discovered. The Quarrymen — John Lennon , Paul McCartney , George Harrison , and Ken Brown —went to the club to arrange their first booking, to which Mona agreed, but said she needed to finish painting the club first. All four took up brushes and helped Mona to finish painting the walls with spiders, dragons, rainbows and stars. In addition to
910-469: A bonus track on the special edition of his album Best of the Beatles , the rights of the song belonging to Best due to a legal technicality. A month later, Decca informed Epstein the group had been rejected. All band members except for Best were informed of the rejection. Epstein officially became the Beatles' manager on 24 January 1962, with the contract signed in Best's house. Epstein negotiated ownership of
1040-443: A celebrity's name), that is intentionally confusing, or that incites violence; nor can one adopt, as a name, a racial slur , a threat, or an obscenity. Some examples of typically allowed reasons for name changes in the U.S. include: Under U.S. nationality law, when immigrants apply for naturalization , they have the option of asking for their names to be changed upon the grant of citizenship with no additional fees. This allows them
1170-548: A certain amount of time, and some state motor vehicle departments require updated social security cards to make changes, by first registering a new name with the Social Security office: The fees for registering a new name vary from state to state. The forms, along with the state-specific requirements, can generally be obtained for free. Many states will require reasons for wanting a name change. For example, in Florida,
1300-416: A change of name has occurred and they do not themselves operate to change a person's name. Deeds of change of name are by far the most commonly used method of providing evidence of a change of name other than changing a woman's surname after marriage. A deed poll is a legal document that binds a single person to a particular course of action (in this case, changing one's name for all purposes). The term 'deed'
1430-583: A change of name is provided. Documents such as birth, marriage and educational certificates cannot be changed because these documents are considered "matters of fact", which means that they were correct at the time they were issued. However, exceptions exist, such as holders of a Gender Recognition Certificate . Documentary evidence of a change of name can be in a number of forms, such as a marriage certificate, decree absolute (proof of divorce), civil partnership certificate, statutory declaration or deed of change of name . Such documents are mere evidence that
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#17327869992021560-578: A civil servant for 20 years before starting the Pete Best Band. Best's mother, Mona Best , was born in Delhi, India, the daughter of Thomas (a major from Ireland ) and Mary Shaw. Pete Best, her first child, was born on 24 November 1941 in Madras , then part of British India . Best's biological father was marine engineer Donald Peter Scanland, who subsequently died during World War II . Best's mother
1690-595: A complete show with Best on 17 August 1960 at the Indra Club in Hamburg, and the group slept in the Bambi Kino cinema in a small, dirty room with bunk beds, a cold and noisy former storeroom directly behind the screen. Upon first seeing the Indra, where they were booked to play, Best remembered it as a depressing place patronised by a few tourists and having heavy, old, red curtains that made it seem shabby compared to
1820-571: A court will not grant a petition for a change of name if it finds that (i) the petitioner has ulterior or illegal motives in seeking the name change, (ii) the petitioner's civil rights are suspended, or (iii) granting the name change will invade the property rights ( e.g. , intellectual property rights) of others. In 1887, the Dawes Act directed that Indigenous Americans adopt a surname. This forcible solidification of individual identities, in pursuance of Western legal and political orders, assisted in
1950-431: A court. Although a common law name change is still a legal name, formal processes may be required to obtain government-issued ID or change the name on accounts (like banks) that depend on government ID ; this is one situation where a person may have more than one name. Quebec also historically had other strict regulations regarding name changes. For example, the transgender Quebecker Micheline Montreuil had to undergo
2080-434: A decent drummer" ... "By the time we'd rolled back from Germany, we'd trained him to keep a, you know, a stick to keep going up and down at four in the bar; he couldn't do much else." Paul McCartney stated Best was "good, but a bit limited." McCartney remembered: George Martin was used to drummers being very 'in time' because all the big-band session drummers he used had a great sense of time. Now, our Liverpool drummers had
2210-495: A deed poll. Only one application of this kind is allowed for each applicant; any application for subsequent change(s) must be made with a deed poll. In the Republic of Ireland , a person earns their name by "use and repute". For most purposes it is enough to simply use the desired name and ask others to call you by that name. This was the traditional practice for a bride adopting her husband's surname. A change of name deed poll
2340-464: A few remain complicated. A pseudonym is a name used in addition to the original or true name. This does not require legal sanction. Pseudonyms are generally adopted to conceal a person's identity, but may also be used for personal, social or ideological reasons. In the United Kingdom , citizens and residents have the freedom to change their names with relative ease. In theory, anyone who
2470-467: A legal name (more detail of the decision accepted by the Supreme Court is found at 196 F. 791 (1912)). Usually a person can adopt any name desired for any reason. As of 2009 , 46 states allow a person legally to change names by usage alone, with no paperwork, but a court order may be required for many institutions (such as banks or government institutions) to officially accept the change. Although
2600-476: A lengthy process to have her name legally changed. Initially, the Directeur de l'état civil refused to permit the change on the grounds that someone who was legally assigned male at birth could not bear a female name. According to Quebec law, Montreuil could not change her registered gender because that required proof of a completed gender confirmation surgery , which was not the case for her. On November 1, 1999,
2730-436: A lien or debt or for defaming someone else. Applicants may be required to give a reasonable explanation for wanting to change their names. A fee is generally payable, and the applicant may be required to post legal notices in newspapers to announce the name change. Generally the judge has limited judicial discretion to deny a change of name: usually only if the name change is for fraudulent, frivolous or immoral purposes. In 2004,
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#17327869992022860-439: A local prison and were subsequently deported on 30 November 1960, as was George Harrison, for working under the legal age limit. Back in Liverpool, the group members had no contact with each other for two weeks, but Best and his mother made numerous phone calls to Hamburg to recover the group's equipment. In late 1961, Mona arranged all the bookings for the group in Liverpool after they parted company with Williams. Chas Newby ,
2990-574: A loud drumming style, as he often told Best in Hamburg to "crank it up" (play as loud as possible). When the group returned to Hamburg, by which time McCartney had switched to bass, Best was asked to sing a speciality number written by McCartney, "Pinwheel Twist", while McCartney played drums. The reunited Beatles returned to Hamburg in April 1961. While they played at the Top Ten Club , singer Tony Sheridan recruited them to act as his backing band on
3120-520: A music group. Mona bought him a drum kit from Blackler's music store, and Best formed his own band, the Black Jacks. In 1957, Rory Best saw a large Victorian house for sale at 8 Hayman's Green and told Mona about it. The Best family claim that Mona had pawned all her jewellery to place a bet on Never Say Die , a horse that was ridden by Lester Piggott in the 1954 Epsom Derby ; it won at 33–1, and she saved her winnings and in 1957 used them to buy
3250-459: A name change requires government approval, though legal name changes have become more common in some jurisdictions over the last years. The reason given for this system is usually the public interest in the unique identifiability of a person, e.g., in governmental registers, although with the advent of personal identification numbers , that rationale may be in need of reconsideration. Changes in law Aug 2018 changes first name and fee will fall under
3380-567: A name is often sufficient to allow one to use an assumed name . In some jurisdictions, a trade name distinct from one's legal name can be registered with a county clerk, secretary of state , or other similar government authority. Persons who wish to publish materials and not to be associated with them may publish under pseudonyms ; such a right is protected under case law pursuant to the United States Constitution . A common law name (i.e. one assumed without formality and for
3510-467: A non-fraudulent purpose) is a legal name. In most states, a statutory method, while quick and definitive, only supplements the common law method, unless the statute makes itself exclusive. A person may sue under a common law name. In California the "usage method" (changing the name at will under common law) is sufficient to change the name. Not all jurisdictions require that the new name be used exclusively. Any fraudulent use or intent, such as changing
3640-418: A reason. The change of given name directly on a civil registry office can be done only once, and to revert the change, a court order is required. A person's surnames can be changed directly on a civil registry office, in the following circumstances: In India, the person concerned submits a name change request to an appropriate authority, with supporting documents. Subsequently, an application must be made to
3770-747: A recording for the German Polydor label, produced by bandleader Bert Kaempfert , who signed the group to a Polydor contract at the first session on 22 June 1961. On 31 October 1961, Polydor released the recording " My Bonnie " ( Mein Herz ist bei dir nur / My heart is only for you), which appeared on the German charts under the name "Tony Sheridan and the Beat Brothers"—a generic name used for whoever happened to be in Sheridan's backup band. The song
3900-530: A registered deed poll which allows you to change your name in the NDLS instantly along with DESAP. Name changes in Malaysia are done at the local office of National Registration Department (JPN). Name changes for children require Malaysian identity cards (MyKad) of both parents, wedding certificates, birth certificate, and MyKid if exists. For name changes at will, a statutory declaration must be signed first, and
4030-525: A scandal at a crucial moment in the Beatles' career had it become generally known. Epstein would have been horrified at the prospect. Name change Name change is the legal act by a person of adopting a new name different from their current name. The procedures and ease of a name change vary between jurisdictions. In general, common law jurisdictions have looser procedures for a name change while civil law jurisdictions are more restrictive. While some civil law jurisdictions have loosened procedures,
Pete Best - Misplaced Pages Continue
4160-457: A sense of spirit, emotion, economy even, but not a deadly sense of time. This would bother producers making a record. George took us to one side and said, 'I'm really unhappy with the drummer. Would you consider changing him?' We said, 'No, we can't!' It was one of those terrible things you go through as kids. Can we betray him? No. But our career was on the line. Maybe they were going to cancel our contract. McCartney later suggested Ringo's drumming
4290-415: A serious sex offense. If a person is not in any of these categories, then a common law name change is allowed. (Family Code § 2082 also contains some of the same wording.) Many universities, hospitals, and other institutions allow one to use a "preferred name" instead of one's legal name. This name can show up on class rosters, online learning platforms, and student ID cards. The legal name change process
4420-452: A session drummer for their upcoming recording session on 4 September 1962, they considered dismissing Best from the group. Eventually, they asked Epstein to handle this. Epstein agonised over the decision. As he wrote in his autobiography, A Cellarful of Noise , he "wasn't sure" about Martin's assessment of Best's drumming and "was not anxious to change the membership of the Beatles at a time when they were developing as personalities … I asked
4550-513: A sessions band, backing Tony Sheridan. The record producer at EMI , George Martin , met with Epstein on 9 May 1962 at the Abbey Road studios , and was impressed with his enthusiasm. He agreed to sign the Beatles on a recording contract, based on listening to the Decca audition tape, without having met or seen them perform live. Soon after the recording contract was signed, the Beatles performed
4680-477: A silhouette of him on the wall, which is also still there. The Quarrymen played a series of seven Saturday night concerts in the Casbah for 15 shillings each, starting on 29 August to October 1959, featuring Lennon, McCartney, Harrison and Brown, but without a drummer, and only one microphone connected to the club's small PA system. The opening night concert was attended by about 300 local teenagers, but as
4810-744: A small flat on Cases Street, Liverpool, but Mona Best was always looking for a large house—as she had been used to in India—instead of one of the smaller semi-detached houses prevalent in the area. The Bests moved to 17 Queenscourt Road in 1948 and remained there for nine years. Best passed the eleven plus exam at Blackmoor Park primary school in West Derby and was studying at the Liverpool Collegiate Grammar School in Shaw Street when he decided he wanted to be in
4940-533: A tourist attraction in Liverpool, along with McCartney and Lennon's previous homes at 20 Forthlin Road, and 251 Menlove Avenue respectively. The club is 3.5 miles (5.6 km) from the Liverpool city centre, and only booked groups of visitors are accepted. McCartney was quoted as saying, "I think it's a good idea to let people know about the Casbah. They know about the Cavern , they know about some of those things, but
5070-468: A year. A state/territory's RBDM typically has jurisdiction over changes of name for people born in that state or territory, and for people born overseas now residing in that state or territory. Residents born interstate must typically apply to the Registry of Births, Deaths, and Marriages (RBDM) of their birth jurisdiction for a change of name, though there are exceptions. If a person's birth or adoption
5200-521: Is a second option using an 'unenrolled' deed poll, this is a regular deed poll that is signed by yourself in the presence of a witness over 18. This can be used to update your name in banks, schools and other non-governmental institutions. This is the long process as the Irish Passport Office and NDLS require two years of 'proof of usage' e.g bank statements in your new name dating back two years in order to change your name in comparison to
5330-519: Is at least 16 and resident in the United Kingdom can call themselves whatever they wish. However, over the past hundred years or so, formal procedures that are recognised by record holders such as government departments, companies and organizations have evolved, which enable someone to change the name recorded on their passport, driving licence, tax and National Insurance records, bank and credit cards, etc., provided that "documentary evidence" of
Pete Best - Misplaced Pages Continue
5460-677: Is common to signed, written agreements that have been shown to all concerned parties. 'Poll' is an old legal term referring to official documents that had cut edges (were polled) so that they were straight. People whose births are registered in England and Wales may, but are under no obligation, to have their deed poll enrolled at the Royal Courts of Justice in London. See also College of Arms#Change of names . Residents of Scotland can change their name by deed poll or statutory declaration. Scottish-born/adopted people may optionally apply to
5590-478: Is no online name change facility. One can either personally visit the concerned office and submit or may send by post. The Central Government Gazette office is located at Civil Lines, Near Delhi Metro Station, New Delhi. The office works from Monday to Friday only. For more details one can visit their website. After submission of application one can download the same from their website. The Casbah Coffee Club The Casbah Coffee Club , officially Casbah Club ,
5720-583: Is not required, but provides documentary evidence of a name change. Resident non- EU nationals must apply to the Irish Naturalisation and Immigration Service for a deed poll. The deed poll requires a witness affidavit , and may optionally be enrolled in the High Court upon payment of stamp duty . An enrolled deed poll is required for some administrative name changes, such as on a driving licence or when changing legal gender . There
5850-568: Is regarded as a name change which usually requires a deed poll. However, the Immigration Department which is responsible for processing applications for name change allows applicants to submit such applications without deeds poll; anyone who has a phonetic English name only and wishes to include a western-style English name as part of his or her legal English name can apply to the Immigration Department without
5980-593: Is usually different from simple usage and includes notifying various government agencies, each of which may require legal proof of the name change and that may or may not charge a fee. Important government agencies to be notified include the Social Security Administration (generally following statutory law, not common law), Bureau of Consular Affairs (for passports ), the Federal Communications Commission ,
6110-486: The Attorney-general of Australia 's Document Verification Service. It is a common practice for ethnic Chinese residents of Hong Kong to adopt a western-style English name in addition to their transliterated Chinese name. As they often adopt western-style English names after being registered on the birth register, the fact that they want to include a western-style English name as part of their legal English name
6240-473: The John Moores art exhibition. Even though the membership list later spiralled to over a thousand, Mona closed the club on 24 June 1962, with the Beatles as the last group to perform. In 2006, Culture Minister David Lammy announced that the Bests' ex-coal cellar was to be given Grade II listed building status and a blue plaque, after being recommended by English Heritage . It has now been opened as
6370-629: The Reeperbahn . In the afternoon, Kirchherr took them to her mother's house in Altona – minus Best, who decided not to attend. Dot Rhone, McCartney's then-girlfriend who later visited Hamburg, described Best as being very quiet and never taking part in conversations with the group. It has been claimed that Epstein became exasperated with Best's refusal to adopt the mop-top -style Beatle haircut as part of their unified look, as he preferred to keep his quiffed hairstyle, though Best later stated that he
6500-705: The Registrar General for Scotland to have their birth certificate amended to show the new name and have the respective register updated. There is also an alternative route to changing one's name in Scotland, equivalent to enrolling a deed poll with the College of Arms ; one may petition the Court of the Lord Lyon for a name change and subsequently receive a Certificate of Recognition of Change of Name. From
6630-686: The Selective Service System and the Department of Motor Vehicles (for a new driver's license, learner permit, state identification card, or vehicular registration). Additionally the new name must be registered with other institutions such as employers, banks, doctors, mortgage, insurance and credit card companies. Online services are available to assist in this process either through direct legal assistance or automated form processing. Most states require name changes to be registered with their departments of motor vehicles (DMVs) within
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#17327869992026760-427: The 18th century onwards was for the legator or settlor to demand only that the legatee or beneficiary should adopt his surname in addition to his patronymic, not in place of it, which gave rise to the " double-barrelled ", even the "triple-barrelled" name, frequently parodied in literature as epitomising the wealthy " squirearchy " with an embarrassment of inherited estates. In Canada, name changes are handled through
6890-512: The Beatles responded: "Well, we're quite happy with him, he works great in the clubs", but also that "Pete had never quite been like the rest of us. We were the wacky trio, and Pete was perhaps a little more sensible; he was slightly different from us; he wasn't quite as artsy as we were." Harrison said, "Pete kept being sick and not showing up for gigs", and admitted, "I was quite responsible for stirring things up. I conspired to get Ringo in for good; I talked to Paul and John until they came round to
7020-410: The Beatles to leave the group as it was". Epstein also asked Liverpool DJ Bob Wooler , who knew the Beatles intimately, for advice, to which Wooler replied that it was not a good idea, as Best was very popular with the fans. Part of the dilemma for Epstein that arose at that time (when the band had not yet achieved national success, but rather local status as a good band with limited income) was that Best
7150-400: The Beatles' management, including her "aggressive opinions about his handling of her son's career", was obvious to everyone, and he also reportedly considered Mona a loose cannon who must not be allowed to interfere in his operations. Moreover, the very recent birth of her son Roag further complicated matters. Although Best was not personally responsible for this development, it might have caused
7280-503: The Beatles' road manager and denied the story for years before publicly admitting that Roag was indeed his son. In 1960, the Beatles' manager Allan Williams arranged a season of bookings in Hamburg , beginning on 17 August 1960, but complained the group did not impress him and hoped that he could find a better act. Having no permanent drummer, Paul McCartney looked for someone to fill the Hamburg position. Best had been seen playing in
7410-445: The Beatles, we had Pete Best. He was a really good drummer, but there just was something; he wasn't quite like the rest of us; we had like a sense of humour in common, and he was nearly in with it all, but it's a fine line, you know, as to what is exactly in and what is nearly in. So he left the band and we were looking for someone who would fit." He told Mark Lewisohn , similarly, that when George Martin suggested "changing" their drummer
7540-511: The Bests lived for nine years—Mona was told by Rory about a large Victorian house for sale at 8 Hayman's Green, in 1954. The house (built around 1860 by an unknown architect), had previously been owned by the West Derby Conservative Club , and was unlike many other family dwellings in Liverpool, as it was set back from the road, had 15 bedrooms and 1 acre (4,000 m2) of land. All the rooms were painted dark green or brown,
7670-467: The Black Jacks, who later played in the Casbah. Chas Newby joined the group, as did Ken Brown , but only after he had left the Quarrymen. The reason for Brown's exit from the group was that he turned up on the seventh Saturday night of the Quarrymen residency at the Casbah with the flu , so Mona ordered him upstairs to the Best's living room to rest. This caused a massive quarrel with the rest of
7800-472: The Casbah was the place where all that started. We helped paint it and stuff. We looked upon it as our personal club." English Heritage's Head of Heritage Protection in the North of England, Bob Hawkins, stated: "The basement Casbah Club rooms are historically significant because they represent tangible evidence of The Beatles’ formation, their growth in popularity and their enduring cultural influence throughout
7930-573: The Casbah with his own group, the Black Jacks, and it was observed that he played the bass drum on all four beats in the bar , which pushed the rhythm. In Liverpool, his female fans knew him as being "mean, moody, and magnificent", which convinced McCartney he would be suitable for the group. After the Black Jacks broke up, McCartney persuaded Best to go to Hamburg with the band, by saying they would each earn £15 per week (equivalent to £400 in 2024). As Best had passed his school exams (unlike Lennon, McCartney and Harrison, who had failed most of theirs), he had
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#17327869992028060-670: The Cavern Club , Liverpool. Epstein summoned Best to his office and dismissed him on Thursday, 16 August, ten weeks and a day after the first recording session. Epstein asked Best to play with the Beatles on 16 and 17 August at the Riverpark Ballroom, Chester, and Best agreed but had a change of heart and did not turn up; Johnny Hutchinson of the Big Three was rushed in as a substitute. Mersey Beat magazine's editor, Bill Harry , claimed that Epstein initially offered
8190-575: The David Letterman show, he said the reason was "jealousy". In 1968, authorised Beatles biographer Hunter Davies opined that the firing of Best was "one of the few murky incidents in the Beatles' history. There was something sneaky about the way it was done." Over twenty years later, Mark Lewisohn concluded that "Despite his alleged shortcomings, it was still shabby treatment for Pete... The Beatles had had two years in which to dismiss him but hadn't done so, and now – as they were beginning to reap
8320-469: The Decca audition tape, which was then transferred to an acetate disc, to promote the band to other record companies in London. In the meantime, Epstein negotiated the release of the Beatles from their recording contract with Bert Kaempfert and Polydor Records in Germany, which expired on 22 June 1962. As a part of this contract, the Beatles recorded at Polydor's Studio Rahlstedt on 24 May 1962 in Hamburg as
8450-589: The Government Printing Press, which issues an Official Gazette Notification certifying the change of name. In India, name change legal process may be completed either publishing in State Government Gazette or Central Government Gazette. It is always preferred that one should opt for Central Govt. Gazette since it is valid all over world. Central Government Gazette process is explained here. There are four easy steps to complete
8580-690: The Hurricanes , the Searchers and Gerry & the Pacemakers later played in the club. The Black Jacks became the resident group at the Casbah, although the Quarrymen occasionally played there again and often visited. It was in the Casbah Club that Lennon and McCartney persuaded Stuart Sutcliffe to buy a Höfner 500/5 model—known in Europe as a President bass—with the money he had won in
8710-591: The JPN.KP16 form is to be filled up at the JPN office. From September 1995, New Zealanders can change their name by making a statutory declaration and, if approved, the new name is registered with the Births, Deaths and Marriages section of the Department of Internal Affairs (Identity Services). Prior to September 1995, they changed their name by deed poll . In general, unlike in common law countries, names cannot be changed at will in civil law jurisdictions. Usually,
8840-534: The Province of Saskatchewan". In the United States, state laws regulate name changes. Several federal court rulings have set precedents regarding both court decreed name changes and common law name changes (changing the name at will), including Lindon v. First National Bank . In Christianson v. King County , 239 U.S. 356 (1915), the Supreme Court accepted a name changed using the common law method as
8970-460: The authority of local town hall In Belgian law, a name is in principle considered fixed for life, but under exceptional circumstances, a person may apply to the Ministry of Justice for a name change. This requires a Royal Decree (French: Arrêté royal , Dutch: Koninklijk besluit ) for last names, but only a Ministerial Decree for first names. The new name must not cause confusion or cause damage to
9100-415: The band's first recording session. Over 30 years later, Best received a significant monetary payout for his work with the Beatles after the release of their 1995 compilation of their early recordings on Anthology 1 ; Best played the drums on 10 of the album's tracks, including the Decca auditions. After working in several commercially unsuccessful groups, Best gave up being in the music industry to work as
9230-511: The bearer or others. Examples of requests that are usually considered favorably: In Brazil, legal name changes are regulated by the Public Records Act (Law No. 6,015/1973) and can be requested by any person registered on a Brazilian civil registry office, through a court order or directly on a civil registry office, depending on the case. People over the age of majority (18 years ) may change their given names without specifying
9360-414: The beat a little too fast for comfort". Unterberger thought Starr to be "more talented". Mike Savage, the session engineer, said "I thought Pete Best was very average and didn't keep good time. You could pick up a better drummer in any pub in London. If you've got a quarter of the group being very average, that isn't good. The drummer should be the rock. If the rock isn't good, you start thinking, no. If Decca
9490-423: The boys enough support. They needed a good solid beat, and I said to Brian, 'Look, it doesn't matter what you do with the boys, but on record, nobody need know. I'm gonna use a hot drummer.' Brian [Epstein] said, 'Okay, fine.' I felt guilty because I felt maybe I was the catalyst that had changed his [Best's] life… When Lennon, McCartney, and Harrison learned that Martin and the engineers preferred replacing Best with
9620-414: The cellar had no air-conditioning, and people were dancing, the temperature rose until it became hard to breathe. After the success of the first night, Mona gave the Quarrymen a residency, and paid the whole group £ 3 a night. Every Saturday thereafter, queues lengthened onto the street, which was financially good for Mona, as she charged one shilling admission on top of the annual membership fee. As there
9750-514: The chance to attend teacher-training college, but he decided that playing in Hamburg would be a better career move. Best had an audition in the Jacaranda Club, which Williams owned, and travelled to Hamburg the next day. Williams later said that the audition with Best was unnecessary, as the group had not found any other drummer willing to travel to Hamburg, but did not tell Best in case he asked for more money. On their first trip to Hamburg,
9880-430: The club first came from Best, as he asked his mother for somewhere his friends could meet and listen to the popular music of the day. As The Quarrymen, John Lennon , Paul McCartney , George Harrison , and Ken Brown played at the club after helping Mona to finish painting the walls. Chas Newby and Bill Barlow joined the Black Jacks, as did Ken Brown, but only after he had left the Quarrymen. The Black Jacks later became
10010-406: The club to arrange the booking, to which Mona agreed, but said she needed to finish painting the club first. All four took up brushes and helped Mona to finish painting the walls with spiders, dragons, rainbows and stars, but as Lennon was short-sighted , he mistook gloss for emulsion paint, which took a long time to dry in the dark, damp cellar. Cynthia Powell , later the wife of Lennon, painted
10140-407: The common law jurisdictions comprising the rest of Canada in how it permits its residents to obtain a change of name—for example, requiring them to be citizens, which was abolished on January 28, 2021, due to a Superior Court of Quebec decision. All Canadian provinces except Quebec also recognize common law name changes—i.e. by "general usage"—even if not registered with the government or ordered by
10270-501: The day, unlike the Cavern Club, which had a jazz-only policy at that time. Mona charged half a crown annually for membership—to "keep out the rough elements"—and served soft drinks, snacks, cakes, and coffee from an espresso machine , which no other club had at that time. Records were played on a small Dansette record player, which amplified them through a 3" speaker. Mona had booked the Les Stewart Quartet to play
10400-569: The dismissal meeting. The two went to the Grapes pub on Mathew Street, the same street as the Cavern Club, where the group had played. Aspinall was furious at the news, insisting to Best that he would resign from the Beatles. Best strongly advised him to remain with the group. Aspinall's relationship with Mona Best (and their three-week-old baby, Roag) was ended. At the Riverpark Ballroom gig, Aspinall asked Lennon why they had fired Best, to which Lennon replied, "It's got nothing to do with you; you're only
10530-663: The driver." Starr had previously played with Rory Storm and the Hurricanes – the alternating band at the Kaiserkeller – and had been deputised whenever Best was ill or unable to play in Hamburg and Liverpool. Bill Harry reported Best's dismissal on the front page of Mersey Beat magazine, upsetting many Beatles fans. The group encountered some jeering and heckling in the street and on stage for weeks afterwards, with some fans shouting, "Pete forever, Ringo never!" One agitated fan headbutted Harrison in The Cavern, giving him
10660-434: The drumming. According to biographer Bob Spitz, "All Pete could do was play Fours ", a style of drumming that uses kick drum notes on every quarter note to hold down the beat. Spitz's book also contains an account by engineer Ron Richards of his failed attempts to teach Best somewhat more complicated beats for different songs. Best has said he did not believe this was the "real reason" and that it "never held up water." On
10790-413: The drums for the whole session instead of Starr, as Martin had already booked White after the first session with Best. Starr played the tambourine on some songs while White played the drums. Starr told biographer Hunter Davies years later that he had thought, "That's the end. They're pulling a Pete Best on me." According to Best, Brian Epstein told him he was "not a good enough drummer" and "Ringo [Starr]
10920-434: The ex-Black Jacks guitarist, was invited to play bass for four concerts, as bassist Stuart Sutcliffe had decided to stay in Hamburg. Newby played with the group at Litherland Town Hall and at the Casbah. He was shocked at the vast improvement in their playing and singing and remembered Best's drumming to be very powerful, which pushed the group to play harder and louder. It was probably thanks to McCartney that Best developed
11050-525: The federal government's efforts to remove their ownership of communally-held land. More recently, recipients of Deferred Action for Childhood Arrivals have been forced to revert to the names on their birth registration documents by USCIS , even where this does not match the name they have been using all their life in the United States. This is especially true with DACA recipients from Spanish-speaking countries, whereby two last names appear on birth registration documents per Spanish naming customs . Even where
11180-413: The four boys' artistic contributions, Cynthia Powell , later to become Cynthia Lennon, painted a silhouette of John on the wall, which can still be seen today. The group often played at the Casbah as other venues, like the Cavern Club , had a jazz-only policy at that time. The cellar—with its original decoration—still exists. In 2006, Culture Minister David Lammy announced that the Bests' ex-coal cellar
11310-402: The garden was totally overgrown, and the cellar was used for storing coal. Mona came up with the idea of the club after watching a TV report about the 2i's Coffee Bar in London's Soho, where several singers had been discovered. She decided to open the club, which was located in her cellar, on 29 August 1959, for her sons, their friends and young people to meet and listen to the popular music of
11440-512: The group falters." Beatles' critic Alan W. Pollack compared the Best, Starr, and Andy White versions of " Love Me Do ", and concluded that Best was "an incredibly unsteady and tasteless drummer" on his version. After the Beatles signed a contract, EMI producer Ron Richards said, "Pete Best wasn't very good. It was me who said to [producer] George Martin he's useless. We've got to change this drummer." Martin said, "[Best] couldn't play drums very well. I mean, he couldn't keep time too well. And I
11570-541: The group more money and a slightly better place to sleep. In doing so, they broke their contract with Koschmider. When Best and McCartney returned to the Bambi Kino to retrieve their belongings, they found it in almost total darkness. As a snub to Koschmider, McCartney found a condom, attached it to a nail on the concrete wall of the room, and set it alight. No real damage was done, but Koschmider reported them both for attempted arson. Best and McCartney spent three hours in
11700-785: The group soon realised that the stage suits they wore could not withstand the hours of sweating and jumping about on stage every night, so they all bought leather jackets, jeans and cowboy boots, which were much tougher. Best initially preferred to play in cooler short sleeves on stage, which did not match the sartorial style of the group, even though he was later photographed wearing a leather jacket and jeans. Lennon, McCartney, Harrison and Stuart Sutcliffe were introduced to recreational drugs in Hamburg. As they played for hours every night, they often took Preludin to keep themselves awake, which they received from German customers or Astrid Kirchherr , whose mother bought them. Lennon often took four or five, but Best always refused. The Beatles first played
11830-542: The group when Mona came to pay them, as they wanted Brown's money to be shared amongst the three of them, as Brown had not played. Mona refused, so the Quarrymen angrily cancelled their residency and stormed out. Colin Manley from the Remo Four was also given a booking to play in the club, which was the only venue that young amateur bands could play at the time. Other artists and groups like Cilla Black , Rory Storm and
11960-542: The history of the Beatles, Lennon confided to Flannery that he considered Mona "bossy like [his aunt] Mimi " and believed that she was using the Beatles only for the sake of her son Pete. However, this should be weighed against the fact that the Beatles' cordial relations with Mona soon resumed. She often met them while visiting Neil Aspinall at his London home. On these occasions, the Beatles often had small gifts for her, which they had acquired on their travels. For her part, Mona allowed them to use her father's military medals in
12090-408: The house. The house, built around 1860, had previously been owned by the West Derby Conservative Club and was unlike many other family houses in Liverpool as it was set back from the road and had 15 bedrooms and an acre of land. All the rooms were painted dark green or brown, and the large garden was totally overgrown. Mona later opened The Casbah Coffee Club in the house's large cellar. The idea for
12220-439: The idea." Before Epstein took the Beatles on, Mona had been handling most of the management and promotional work. According to promoter and manager Joe Flannery, Mona had done a great deal for the band by arranging several important early gigs and lending them a badly needed helping hand when they returned from Hamburg the first time, but this came at the cost of having to contend with her overbearing nature. At this crucial time in
12350-449: The job. And we went, "Oh dear." George Harrison also recalled preferring Ringo's drumming. He said "Ringo kept sitting in with the band. And every time Ringo sat in with the band, it just seemed like, this was it." For his part, Starr said, "I felt I was a much better drummer than [Best] was." Critic Richie Unterberger described Best's drumming at the Decca audition as "thinly textured and rather unimaginative", adding that Best "pushes
12480-417: The larger Kaiserkeller . As Best had been the only group member to study O-Level German at school, he could converse with the club's owner, Bruno Koschmider , and the clientele. After the Indra closed following complaints about the noise, the group started a residency in the Kaiserkeller. In October 1960, the group left Koschmider's club to work at the Top Ten Club , which Peter Eckhorn ran, as he offered
12610-411: The legator in lieu of his patronymic. Thus, the ancient family otherwise destined to extinction would appear to continue as a great dynasty in the making. Such changes were also more rarely demanded by marriage settlements , for example where the father of a sole daughter and heiress demanded that as a condition of his daughter's dowry her husband should adopt his father-in-law's surname and arms. Thus
12740-405: The meantime, Epstein refrained from telling Best that EMI had made a recording contract with the band (orally since June and in writing at the end of July 1962), which meant that a new drummer was now inevitable. There might have been legal issues had Best known. Epstein decided that "If the group was to remain happy, Pete Best must go." Best played his last two gigs with the Beatles on 15 August at
12870-405: The medieval age to the 19th century, the era of family dynasties, name changes were frequently demanded of heirs in the last wills and testaments, legacies and bequests, of members of the gentry and nobility who were the last males of their bloodline. Such persons frequently selected a younger nephew or cousin as the heir to their estates, on condition that he should adopt the surname and armorials of
13000-664: The name to the same name as another person's name, may invalidate this type of name change. Specifically in California, Code of Civil Procedure § 1279.5 and Family Code § 2082 regulate common law and court decreed name changes. Code of Civil Procedure § 1279.5 (a) reads, "Except as provided in subdivision (b), (c), (d), or (e), nothing in this title shall be construed to abrogate the common law right of any person to change his or her name." Subdivisions b through e preclude one from changing their name by common law if they are in state prison, on probation, on parole, or have been convicted of
13130-500: The new drummer. Best had been good friends with Neil Aspinall since 1961 when Aspinall had rented a room in the house where Best lived with his parents. While still part of the group, Best had asked Aspinall to become the band's road manager and personal assistant. Aspinall accepted the job and bought an old Commer van for £80 (equivalent to £2,200 in 2024). Aspinall was waiting for Best downstairs in Epstein's NEMS record shop after
13260-403: The opening night with Harrison on guitar, but they cancelled the booking after Stewart and Ken Brown had a quarrel. Stewart was angry that Brown had missed a rehearsal, because Brown was helping Mona to decorate the club. As 300 membership cards had already been sold, Harrison said that he had two friends in a band called the Quarrymen who would play instead. Lennon, McCartney and Harrison went to
13390-463: The opportunity to adopt more Americanized names. During the naturalization interview, a petition for a name change is prepared to be forwarded to a federal court. Applicants certify that they are not seeking a change of name for any unlawful purpose such as the avoidance of debt or evasion of law enforcement. Such a name change would become final if within their jurisdiction, once a federal court naturalizes an applicant. The "open and notorious" use of
13520-474: The outside, as he was not privy to many of the group's experiences, references and in-jokes . A German photographer, Astrid Kirchherr , asked if they would not mind letting her take photographs of them in a photo session, which impressed them, as other groups only had snapshots taken by friends. The next morning Kirchherr took photographs on the Heiligengeistfeld , a municipal event area close to
13650-560: The person has only ever used one surname (typically that of the father), USCIS forces them to revert to both surnames, creating a discrepancy in matters such as academic records and credit ratings. Individuals may legally change their name through the state and territory governments of Australia according to state or territory laws and regulations via agencies generally titled "Registry of Births, Deaths and Marriages". Exceptions exist for some states such as restricted persons (e.g. jail inmate) and in some states, changes may only be made once
13780-466: The photo shoot for the Sgt. Pepper album cover. Although Epstein's publicly stated reluctance to fire Best quickly became a matter of record in the early biographies, he had found Mona to be the cause of mounting aggravation. She had contractual ties to the band, making it difficult to dismiss Pete; breaking the group would nullify any contract Mona held. Meanwhile, Epstein's distaste for her interference in
13910-475: The progeny of the marriage would continue the otherwise extinct family's name. Such name changes were generally only demanded of younger sons, where an elder brother was available to inherit the paternal estates under primogeniture and carry on the name and arms abandoned by the younger brother. Such name changes were effected by obtaining a private Act of Parliament or by obtaining a Royal Licence . Well known examples are: A less radical procedure adopted from
14040-599: The provincial court of appeals ruled that nothing in the law prevented a person who was registered as male from legally adopting a woman's name. Another issue specific to Quebec is married names. Because of the Quebec Charter of Rights , married women in Quebec have been unable to adopt their spouse's surname since 1976. Other provinces allow their residents to change their last name on the strength of their marriage certificate . The Directeur de l'état civil will amend
14170-425: The resident group at the Casbah, after the Quarrymen cancelled their residency because of an argument about money. In 1960, Neil Aspinall became good friends with the young Best and rented a room in the Bests' house. During one of the extended business trips of Best's stepfather, Aspinall became romantically involved with Mona and in 1962, a son, Vincent Roag Best, was born to Aspinall and Mona. Aspinall later became
14300-747: The rewards for their long, hard slog, with money rolling in and an EMI contract secured – he was out. It was the most underhanded, unfortunate and unforgivable chapter in the Beatles' rise to monumental power." Epstein claimed in his autobiography that Lennon, McCartney and Harrison thought Best was "too conventional to be a Beatle" and added, "though he was friendly with John, he was not liked by George and Paul". It has been documented, in Cynthia Lennon 's book John and elsewhere, that while Lennon, McCartney and Harrison usually spent their offstage time together in Hamburg and Liverpool, writing songs or socialising, Best generally went off alone. This left Best on
14430-446: The states ( except Louisiana ) follow common law, there are differences in acceptable requirements; usually a court order is the most efficient way to change names (which would be applied for in a state court ), except at marriage, which has become a universally accepted reason for a name change. Where a court process is used, it is necessary to plead that the name change is not for a fraudulent or other illegal purpose, such as evading
14560-489: The task. First, one has to make an affidavit on a Non-judicial stamp-paper. Get notarised. Second, publish in a newspaper about the change of name. Third, fill-in the required forms and attach affidavit and newspaper. Pay the government fee online. Attach the receipt also. Fourth and last step is submit the application. In certain States gazette application may be submitted online but most of the States and Central Government there
14690-402: The time known as the Quarrymen ) played some of their first concerts at the club. The Beatles invited Best to join the band on 12 August 1960, on the eve of the group's first Hamburg season of club dates. Ringo Starr eventually replaced Best on 16 August 1962 when the group's manager, Brian Epstein , fired Best at the request of John Lennon , Paul McCartney , and George Harrison following
14820-442: The vacant drummer position in the group to Hutchinson, whom he also managed. Hutchinson is said to have refused the job, saying, "Pete Best is a very good friend of mine. I couldn't do the dirty on him." However, McCartney and Harrison have said they wanted Ringo from the beginning after he sat in with them at shows on several occasions when Best was absent. Best says that Epstein revealed at the dismissal meeting that Ringo would become
14950-554: The vital statistics bureaux of the various provinces and territories, except in Nunavut , where they are handled by the Courts. All Canadian provinces and territories allow their residents, whether Citizens, Permanent Residents or Temporary Residents, to obtain a name change, provided they fulfil the pertinent regulations (e.g. time lived in province). Quebec, a civil law jurisdiction, has historically had substantial differences from
15080-477: Was a rock and roll music venue in the West Derby area of Liverpool , England, that operated from 1959 to 1962. Started by Mona Best , mother of early Beatles drummer Pete Best , in the cellar of the family home, the Casbah was planned as a members-only club for her sons Pete and Rory and their friends, to meet and listen to the popular music of the day. Mona came up with the idea of the club after watching
15210-417: Was a significant improvement over Best's. The truth was, we just kind of fell in love with Ringo's drumming. Ringo was in another band, and we had Pete, and we were working, and we used to see this other band. We said, "God, that drummer's good." And one night, Pete couldn't do it and Ringo sat in for him. And we all just went "[Gasp]." Behind us was this powerhouse and this person who was, like, taking care of
15340-412: Was an asset at gigs, popular with the girl fans, and put on a good show, ensuring venues would have a solid audience. The counter-argument, however, was the larger consideration of the band's having the best music produced for record sales. John, Paul and George ultimately decided that record production was more important than having a drummer for live stage performances who was more image than substance. In
15470-413: Was aware that the band weren't tight. They needed that sort of binding force that a good drummer should give them. So I said to [Beatles manager] Brian [Epstein] I'll get another drummer for the recording session." Still, Martin claimed to be surprised to learn that Best had been fired from stage shows, hearing the news from Mona via telephone. He said: I never suggested that Pete Best must go. All I said
15600-565: Was born. In 1945, the Best family sailed for four weeks to Liverpool on the Georgic , the last troop ship to leave India, carrying single and married soldiers who had previously been a part of General William Slim 's forces in south-east Asia. The ship docked in Liverpool on 25 December 1945. Best's family lived for a short time at the family home, "Ellerslie" in West Derby until Best's mother fell out with her sister-in-law, Edna, who resented her brother's choice of wife. The family then moved to
15730-483: Was going to sign the Beatles, we wouldn't have used Pete Best on the record." Beatles' historian Ian MacDonald , recounting the Decca audition, said that "Best's limitations as a drummer are nakedly apparent". MacDonald notes, of the EMI recording session on 6 June that "this audition version [of "Love Me Do"] shows one of the reasons why Best was sacked. In moving to the ride cymbal for the first middle eight, he slows down and
15860-574: Was later released in the UK. There was a second recording session on 23 June that year and a third in May 1962. Brian Epstein , who had been unofficially managing the Beatles for less than a month, arranged a recording audition at Decca Records in London on New Year's Day 1962. The group recorded 15 songs, mostly cover versions of three Lennon–McCartney songs. Best also recorded the song "Going Back Manchester" with Lennon at this time, which would later feature as
15990-583: Was never asked to change his hairstyle. In a 1995 BBC Radio Merseyside interview, Kirchherr explained: "My boyfriend, Klaus Voormann , had this hairstyle, and Stuart [Sutcliffe] liked it very, very much. He was the first one who really got the nerve to get the Brylcreem out of his hair and asking me to cut his hair for him. Pete Best has really curly hair, and it wouldn't work." McCartney explained why Geoff Britton , one-time drummer in his subsequent band Wings , "didn't last long" in that group: "It's like in
16120-487: Was no amplification, Lennon later persuaded Mona to hire a young amateur guitar player called Harry to play a short set before the Quarrymen, but this was only so they could use his 40-Watt amplifier . Pete Best was studying at the Collegiate Grammar School when he decided he wanted to be in a music group, so Mona bought him a drum kit from Blacklers ' music department and Best formed his own band;
16250-409: Was playing and not how he was playing," when "Love Me Do" was first recorded, referring to the head arrangement . Martin, however, found Best's timing inadequate and wanted to replace Best with an experienced studio session drummer for the recordings, a common practice at the time. Martin stated years later: I decided that the drums, which are really the backbone of a good rock group, didn't give
16380-580: Was registered in Australia, the change will also be noted (in most cases) on the person's birth or adoption registration, and in some states or territories, the name change can be evidenced either through a re-issued birth certificate if born in Australia and/or "Change of Name Certificate". Transgender residents born overseas may receive a recognised details certificate or identity acknowledgment certificate . These certificates are recognised secure identity documents and can be verified electronically through
16510-408: Was that for the purposes of the Beatles' first record, I would rather use a sessions man. I never thought that Brian Epstein would let him go. He seemed to be the most saleable commodity as far as looks went. It was a surprise when I learned that they had dropped Pete. The drums were important to me for a record, but they didn't matter much otherwise. Fans don't pay particular attention to the quality of
16640-417: Was the better drummer." The other Beatles – as well as producers, musicians and critics who had heard Best play with the group – confirmed this reasoning. John Lennon said Best was recruited only because they needed a drummer to go to Hamburg. "We were pretty sick of Pete Best, too, because he was a lousy drummer, you know? He never improved, you know? ... And we were always going to dump him when we could find
16770-754: Was to be given Grade II listed building status and a blue plaque , after being recommended by English Heritage . It was opened as a tourist attraction in Liverpool, along with McCartney and Lennon's previous homes at 20 Forthlin Road and 251 Menlove Avenue respectively. In 2024, the Casbah was turned into holiday flats, available to rent on Airbnb . Mona Shaw was born on 3 January 1924, in Delhi , and married John Best in India before moving with him and their two children, Pete Best (b. 1941) and Rory Best (b. 1944) back to Liverpool in 1945, where they lived in various houses. After moving to Queenscourt Road in 1948—where
16900-551: Was training to become a doctor in the service of the Red Cross when she met Johnny Best, who came from a family of sports promoters in Liverpool who ran Liverpool Stadium , a boxing arena. During World War II, Johnny Best was a commissioned officer serving as a Physical Training Instructor in India and was the Army's middleweight boxing champion. Soon after their marriage on 7 March 1944 at St Thomas's Cathedral, Bombay , Rory Best
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