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56-728: HMP Peterhead was a prison in Peterhead in Aberdeenshire , Scotland, operating from 1888 to 2013. Since June 2016, the former grounds operate as the Peterhead Prison Museum . Peterhead Convict Prison was built around 1888. It was designed to hold 208 prisoners and to be Scotland's only convict prison, i.e. for prisoners sentenced to ' hard labour '. Occupancy averaged at around 350 however, until peaking at 455 in 1911. Additional buildings were completed in 1909, 1960 and 1962, bringing capacity up to 362. According to

112-550: A Blueprint for Growth was published by Aberdeenshire Council – a plan to extend the town beyond its bypass. The plan involved 4,500 homes, four new primary schools, a new secondary school and a new hospital to be built in the next 20–25 years – hoping to bring 9,000 people to the town. In 2016, Aberdeenshire Council launched a regeneration strategy for Peterhead — the Peterhead Development Partnership Action Plan 2016–2021 — covering

168-549: A community council , with limited powers. The 2016 population estimate for the town is 19,270, making Peterhead the largest town in Aberdeenshire. English is the primary language of residents, although 56.4% can speak Scots . Peterhead has been referred to as having some of the highest levels of deprivation in Aberdeenshire. According to the Scottish Index of Multiple Deprivation, the town centre (specifically

224-531: A base for trade. Port Henry, the oldest of Peterhead's three harbours, was constructed along the Seagate shore by Henry Middleton, under the supervision of Keith. It was protected to the north by the Old Pier, which was probably erected before 1593. Peterhead developed uphill between the shore and Longate , which—until the development of Broad Street in the late 18th century—was the main historic district of

280-433: A looser weave permits air to flow through the fabric. Worsted is also used for carpets , clothing , hosiery , gloves and baize . Worsted cloth, archaically also known as stuff , is lightweight and has a coarse texture. The weave is usually twill or plain. Twilled fabrics such as whipcord , gabardine and serge are often made from worsted yarn. Worsted fabric made from wool has a natural recovery, meaning that it

336-487: A part of the harbour area) received the lowest ranking (1 out of 10) for four of the seven topics: employment, education/skills, housing and crime. That area also received a ranking of 2 for income. The other two rankings were a 4 for health and a 10 for geographic access. Overall, this part of the harbour area ranked lowest (1) in the decile and quantile statistics. By contrast, parts of Ugieside and Peterhead Links ranked markedly higher. Ugieside ranked above 5 in five of

392-476: A relatively diverse economy, including food processing, textiles, service industries and, still importantly, fishing. (Over 193,000 tonnes of fish and shellfish, with a value of around £232m, were landed at Peterhead in 2023, employing around 700 fishermen.) The Peterhead Port Authority plans to extend the northern breakwater as a stimulus to the town's economic development. In addition, to assist with business diversification and town centre environmental improvements,

448-417: A slight twist in the rovings they make, it is not enough twist to be a yarn. The fibres in top and rovings all lie parallel to one another along the length, which makes top ideal for spinning worsted yarns. Worsted-spun yarns, used to create worsted fabric, are spun from fibres that have been combed , to ensure that the fibres all run the same direction, butt-end (for wool, the end that was cut in shearing

504-423: A son of William Keith, 4th Earl Marischal . Peterhead was founded in 1593 by George Keith, 5th Earl Marischal , the 4th Earl's nephew and successor, and was developed as a planned settlement, then known as " Harbour and Barony of Keith Insche commonly called Peterhead". The town's first known population totalled 56. The twelve original feuars occupied land along Seagate between the pier of Port Henry , to

560-553: A top, they are then combed to remove the short fibres. The long fibres are combined in subsequent gilling machines to again make the fibres parallel. This produces overlapping untwisted strands called slivers . Worsted spinning refers to using a worsted technique, which produces a smooth yarn in which the fibres lie parallel. Roving and wool top are often used to spin worsted yarn. Many hand spinners buy their fibre in roving or top form. Top and roving are ropelike in appearance, in that they can be thick and long. While some mills put

616-599: Is a town in Aberdeenshire , Scotland. It is the council area's largest settlement, with a population of 18,537 at the 2011 Census . It is the largest fishing port in the United Kingdom for total landings by UK vessels, according to a 2019 survey. Peterhead sits at the easternmost point in mainland Scotland. It is often referred to as The Blue Toun (locally spelled "The Bloo Toon") and its natives are known as Bloo Touners . They are also referred to as blue mogganers (locally spelled "bloomogganners"), supposedly from

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672-444: Is defined as the number of hanks of yarn , each with a length of 560 yards, that weigh one pound. Super numbers represent the fineness of the worsted wool fiber used in the fabric. The higher the number, such as Super 100s, 120s, or 150s, the finer the wool thread is. The actual number is calculated by the maximum number of hanks of wool that can be spun into one pound of wool. For example, if you can spin 100 hanks each 560 yards long,

728-729: Is in our opinion the best situate of any place in Scotland for all ships trading on the north seas". In 1775, the "feu superior", the Merchant Maiden Company of Edinburgh, transferred to the Committee of Feuars of Peterhead the Tolbooth, Tolbooth Green and other sundry land. The new Peterhead Town House building replaced the tolbooth in 1788. Meanwhile, the enclosed lands of South Bay were being developed into "the beautifully homogeneous district of elegant houses for

784-575: Is one special school, Anna Ritchie, which caters for most specific learning difficulties, autism and other disabilities. Peterhead news appears in The Press and Journal and the Buchan Observer . The Buchanie , as it is known locally, has been published in Peterhead since 1863. The now-defunct Peterhead Sentinel was published on Tuesdays and Fridays between 1858 and 1907. Peterhead

840-519: Is resilient and quickly returns to its natural shape, but non-glossy worsted will shine with use or abrasion. Though both made of wool, worsted and woollens undergo different manufacturing steps resulting in significantly different cloths. In worsteds, which undergo more spinning steps, the natural crimp of the wool fiber is removed in the process of spinning the yarn while it is retained in woolens, and woollens are produced with short-staple yarns while worsted cloths need longer staple length. When woven,

896-509: Is served by nation-wide radio stations, BBC Radio Scotland on 93.1, Northsound 1 on 103.0 FM, Original 106 on 106.3 FM, Greatest Hits Radio North East Scotland on DAB and online and Coast Radio, which broadcasts on 101.2 FM. Waves Radio , 101.2 FM , which aired between 1997 and 2023, broadcast from Blackhouse Way in the Blackhouse Industrial Estate. Coast Radio took over the frequency. Buchan Radio, 107.9 FM,

952-471: Is split in two distinct designs. The older section of the school was built before the Second World War , whilst the newer section of the school with hexagonal designs came after. The latter section of the school shares space with the town's community centre, theatre and sports facilities. Peterhead has six primary schools: Clerkhill, Buchanhaven, Meethill, Dales Park, Central and Burnhaven. There

1008-429: Is straight, parallel fibres . Originally, long, fine staple wool was spun to create worsted yarn; today, other long fibres are also used. Many spinners differentiate between worsted preparation and worsted spinning . Worsted preparation refers to the way the fibre is prepared before spinning, using ginning machines which force the fibre staples to lie parallel to each other. Once these fibres have been made into

1064-469: Is the 16th-century Fish-House (also known as the Salmon House), located on today's Golf Road. Harbour Street was laid out in 1739. Redevelopment of the eastern end of Harbour Street, at its junction with Union Street, Farmer's Lane and Bridge Street, began in 2016. It is the home of the Peterhead office of Marine Scotland . The former heart of the 19th-century town, Broad Street was bordered by

1120-540: The Mesolithic and early Neolithic which indicated that people have been living in the Peterhead area for over five thousand years. Prior to the Reformation , the land on which the town stands, together with a sizeable amount of adjoining country, belonged to Deer Abbey . In 1560, when it was known as Peterugie, or Inverugie of St Peter, it was granted by Mary, Queen of Scots , to Robert Keith, 1st Lord Altrie,

1176-569: The Peterhead Town House to the west, Arbuthnot House to the east, and lined on both sides "by good houses, hotels and banks". The slope between Broad Street and the harbour "contains some of the most picturesque urban streets in Scotland," according to historian Charles McKean . There are 22 listed buildings on Broad Street, including: Peterhead is the largest settlement in Buchan , a committee area of Aberdeenshire. The town

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1232-699: The Scottish Prison Service , the prison could, in 2012, accommodate up to 142 prisoners. It closed in 2013, to be replaced by the new HMP Grampian , the first prison in Scotland to jointly house youths, men and women. The first inmates transferred on to site on 2 March 2014 having been temporarily housed at other sites and connected to family with virtual visits by videolink. Until the opening of Peterhead Convict Prison, Scots convicts were transported to England to serve their sentences. The first convicts were received in August 1888. Peterhead supplied

1288-555: The 'Peterhead Project' initiative, under the Aberdeenshire Towns Partnership, brings together the Council, Scottish Enterprise Grampian, Communities Scotland, commerce and community representatives. The town's port remains the largest for landings in the United Kingdom. According to a 2019 UK sea fisheries statistical survey, Peterhead Port's catch size for the year was 132,000 tonnes . Nearby Fraserburgh

1344-537: The Forty-Five . During World War II , Peterhead was bombed 28 times by Nazi Germany bombers, ranking it as the second-most-bombed location in Britain, after London. Aberdeen , which is close to the town and a more logical target of the bombers, was bombed 24 times. (Peterhead was bombed so much because it was the first built-up area Nazi bombers saw when flying raids against Scotland. ) A new phase of growth

1400-515: The Northern Community Justice Authority catchment area. In 2016, Peterhead Prison was used as a filming location for the 2018 British zombie action film Redcon-1 . In January 2022 the prison again became a filming location for Channel 4 series Screw , an STV Studios produced prison drama starring Derry Girls actress Jamie-Lee O'Donnell and The Bill and Killing Eve actress Nina Sosanya . It

1456-627: The Peterhead Bay area, which have included the berthing of cruise ships in the harbour. A number of projects are planned under the Peterhead Development Partnership and Rediscover Peterhead Business Improvement District initiatives, including tourism strategy development, enhancing existing attractions, improvements to the town's physical attractiveness, and increased marketing and promotion. The former Victorian-era prison, HM Prison Peterhead , that closed due to

1512-410: The accommodation of strangers and sea captains, much of which still survives". Fishermen began to move to Roanheads on the north-east shoulder of the peninsula. Roanheads was laid out in today's form by 1771, and some of the few surviving pantiled houses may be original. From 1788, the port developed a speciality in whaling . It eventually became Britain's largest whaling port. In 1815, before

1568-556: The best fishings on the north coast". Around the same time, the town had gained a reputation as a watering place with both bath houses and mineral wells, but both are now gone. On 22 December 1715, James Francis Edward Stuart , Prince of Wales , arrived in Peterhead from Dunkirk and stayed "in an ancient house in Longate," where he was visited by the Earl Marischal. The Marischal's last Baron Baillie , Thomas Arbuthnot, put

1624-410: The blue worsted moggans or stockings that the fishermen originally wore. Expansion of the town's landfill led to archaeological work in 2002 and 2003 by CFA Archaeology. The archaeological investigations found a clearance cairn with late Bronze Age stone tools, a burial cairn with late Neolithic and early Bronze Age stone tools and Beaker ceramics. They also found some stone tools dating to

1680-448: The building and taking a prison officer, 56-year-old Jackie Stuart, hostage. The rioters were serving life in prison for violent crimes. It was thought that they had nothing to lose and would not hesitate to make good on their threats to kill their hostage , whom they had taken up to the rafters. When negotiations broke down, the then-Home Secretary, Douglas Hurd , dispatched the SAS to bring

1736-415: The construction of a new and larger prison facility has since been converted into a museum. The Peterhead Trail website was launched in early 2021, but the enterprise had erected 21 story boards around the town for a year or two beforehand. Worsted Worsted was made from the long-staple pasture wool from sheep breeds such as Teeswaters , Old Leicester Longwool and Romney Marsh . Pasture wool

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1792-737: The harbour, including Harbour Street, Broad Street, Jamaica Street, Maiden Street, Merchant Street, Port Henry Road, Queen Street and St Andrew Street. Queen Street was the main street of the new town laid out around 1805. North Street, which leads up into Roanheads, consists of 19th-century two-storey red granite homes. The dormer -windowed circa-1877 fisher houses in Great Stuart Street were constructed for fishermen quitting Burnhaven (hence its nickname Burnie Street). There are similar houses in Port Henry Road, Gladstone Road and Almanythie Road. The oldest building in Peterhead

1848-475: The increase in herring popularity, there were 72 vessels registered to Peterhead operating from the port; by 1850 there were over 400. North Harbour and the dry dock were built by Rennie and Thomas Telford between 1818 and 1822. They were improved fifteen years later. The junction canal was built in 1849, while the south and west piers of North Harbour were built by David Stevenson in 1855. The southern part of North Harbour (Middle Harbour) dates from 1872. It

1904-694: The labour force to work in Stirlinghill Quarry and in the Admiralty Yard attached to the prison. These convicts supported the work of a civilian labour force employed by the Admiralty to construct the Harbour of Refuge breakwater . The Admiralty project was unique in Scotland as it was served by the only state-owned passenger-carrying railway in its day. On 28 September 1987, a riot in the prison's D wing resulted in prisoners taking over

1960-517: The north, and the Quinzie (Queenie) to the south. The Queenie was a causeway of boulders, covered only by spring tides, which linked the islands of Keith Inch and Greenhill to the mainland. Today, the Queenie Bridge , which opened in 1954, connects Bridge Street and Greenhill Road. The construction of Port Henry in 1593 encouraged the growth of Peterhead as a fishing port and established

2016-603: The prison. Peterhead was, and remains, an important fishing port, and the breakwater gave it an advantage over other fishing ports. The north breakwater, constructed between 1912 and 1956, is approximately 1,500 ft (460 m) long. Peterhead was a Jacobite-supporting town in the Jacobite risings of 1715 and 1745. In particular, it was one of the Episcopalian north-eastern ports where reinforcements, plus money and equipment, were periodically landed from France during

2072-640: The resulting wool is classified as Super 100s. Generally, the higher the super number, the lighter the weight of the fabric. Before the introduction of automatic machinery, there was little difficulty in attaining a straight fibre, as long wool was always used, and the sliver was made up by hand, using combs. The introduction of Richard Arkwright 's water frame in 1771, and the later introduction of cap and mule spinning machines, required perfectly prepared slivers. Many manufactories used one or more preparatory combing machines (called gill-boxes ) before further processing, to ensure straight fibres and to distribute

2128-416: The riot to an end on 3 October. The operation was successful. The hostage was released unharmed and order in the prison was restored. Peterhead Prison had a history of poor conditions for prisoners, being referred to as "Scotland's gulag, a prison of no hope." A 2005 inspection reported that electricity had only just been made available in all the cells and slopping out continued at the prison. HMP Peterhead

2184-399: The seven topics: income (7), employment (6), health (8), housing (8) and crime (10). It received a 4 in education/skills and geographic access. Peterhead Links, meanwhile, ranked above 5 in all topics. Peterhead Academy houses around 1,300 pupils and the school is split into six houses (Arbuthnot, Buchan, Craigewan, Grange, Marischal and Slains), with all the names associated with areas of

2240-403: The sheep) to tip, and remain parallel. A short draw is used in spinning worsted fibres (as opposed to a long draw ). In short draw spinning , spun from combed roving , sliver or wool top , the spinners keep their hands very close to each other. The fibres are held fanned out in one hand while the other hand pulls a small number from the mass. The twist is kept between the second hand and

2296-501: The themes of Peterhead economy, integrating communities and connecting, reinforcing and rediscovering Peterhead's town centres. Peterhead has four lighthouses, two of which are active. In chronological order of construction, they are: The harbours, maritime and built heritage, Peterhead Town Trail are the town's principal tourism assets alongside the Peterhead Prison Museum. Recent initiatives include investments in

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2352-454: The town on alert for war by summoning able-bodied men and their weapons. The prince left for Newburgh , and the town, by forfeiture of the Keiths, suffered for its loyalty. The estate of the Earl Marischal was forfeited in 1716, sold to York Buildings Company , then to the governors of Merchant Maiden Hospital , Edinburgh, in 1726. In 1728, the diocese of Aberdeen reported that Peterhead

2408-468: The town. Port Henry was improved in 1631 and repaired before the end of the century and again early in the 18th century. The south pier was increased in height and the west pier was constructed. The southern part was reconstructed between 1775 and 1781 by John Smeaton , with improvements carried out by John Rennie between 1806 and 1810. He also oversaw an addition to the west pier in 1813. By 1680, Charles McKean notes that Peterhead "had become one of

2464-481: The town. The school has pupils coming from surrounding villages such as Boddam, Cruden Bay, Hatton, Inverugie, Rora, St Fergus and Crimond. The academy's motto is Domus Super Petram Aedificata , meaning "A House Built on a Rock" – a reference to the parable in Matthew 7:24-27 . The academy is one of Scotland's largest schools at over 22,920 m (246,700 sq ft) of gross internal floor area. The building

2520-475: The wheel—there is never any twist between the two hands. According to the Craft Yarn Council, the term "Worsted Weight", also known as "Afghan", "Aran", or simply "Medium", refers to a particular weight of yarn that produces a gauge of 16–20 stitches per 4 inches of stockinette, and is best knitted with 4.5mm to 5.5mm needles (US size 7–9). The term worsted, in relation to textile yarn weight,

2576-409: The yarns in worsted cloth lie parallel. Woollen materials are soft and bulky with fuzzy surfaces, while worsted is smoother. There are different terms in use for describing the softness of textile materials. The wool trade term for it is handle , with good handling cloth being soft to the touch, while poor handling suggests the material's harsh hand feel. The essential feature of worsted yarn

2632-505: Was "about 230 families; the people are sober and courteous, and agree well amongst themselves, which has now become a rare character. Market day is Friday, but neglected. The town is much resorted to in July and August, because the famous well here is then in its strength". Peterhead Harbour was proving so valuable that in 1738, the Leith shipmasters attested that "the harbour of Peterhead

2688-497: Was a burgh in the historic county of Aberdeenshire . In 1930 it became a small burgh under the Local Government (Scotland) Act 1929 , but in 1975 small burghs were abolished and Peterhead became part of the district of Banff and Buchan within the new Grampian Region . When districts and regions were abolished in 1996, Peterhead became part of the new unitary authority of Aberdeenshire. Since 1975 Peterhead has had

2744-466: Was a specialist centre for sex offenders. Talks on replacing the prison with a new one began in 2006. They were revived in November 2006. Demolition of part of the prison began on 13 February 2012, with the opening of the new HMP Grampian planned for winter 2013/14. The prison closed on 6 December 2013. The new facility can hold about 500 male and female prisoners – both adults and young offenders – from

2800-404: Was confirmed the show has been picked up for a second series. The building now serves as the Peterhead Prison Museum which provides an Audio Guided Tour of cells, exercise areas, kitchens, laundry, hospital and ancillary rooms. There is a small first-floor cafeteria. Peterhead Peterhead ( listen ; Scottish Gaelic : Ceann Phàdraig , Scots : Peterheid listen )

2856-511: Was constructed by David and his brother, Thomas , with improvements made between 1893 and 1897 by William Shield, a local worker. A lifeboat station was first established in 1865. Peterhead convict prison was opened in 1888, gaining a reputation as one of Scotland's toughest prisons. The same year, Peterhead was made a head port, its limits extending southward to the mouth of the River Ythan and westward to Powk Burn. South Harbour

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2912-509: Was deepened between 1906 and 1908. The Harbour of Refuge (Admiralty Backwaters) was begun in 1886 by Sir John Coode . It was built by convict labour . The present harbour, now a Category B listed structure , has two massive breakwaters, enclosing an area of approximately 300 acres (120 ha) in Peterhead Bay . The south breakwater, about 2,700 ft (820 m) long, was constructed between 1892 and 1912 using convict labour from

2968-420: Was initiated in the 1970s with Peterhead becoming a major oil-industry service centre, and the completion of the nearby St Fergus gas terminal. At this time, considerable land holdings were allocated for industrial development. From the 1990s onward, the town has suffered from several high-profile company closures and is facing a number of pressures, including Common Fisheries Policy reforms. However, it retains

3024-417: Was not carded ; instead it was washed, gilled and combed (using heated long-tooth metal combs), oiled and finally spun. When woven, worsteds were scoured but not fulled . Both worsted and woolen spun wool are used for knitted fabrics. Worsted wool fabric is typically used in the making of tailored garments such as suits. In tropical-weight worsteds, the use of tightly spun, straightened wool combined with

3080-488: Was originally established as the online-only Buchan Community Radio in 2013. It became Buchan Radio in 2017, and launched on FM radio in 2019. In October 2022, the station subsequently closed and is no longer broadcasting. Local news and television programmes are provided by BBC Scotland and STV North (formerly Grampian Television). Television signals are received from the Durris and local relay transmitters. In 2008,

3136-543: Was third, behind Lerwick . It was placed 14th in the list of number of fishers based at each port. Peterhead has many listed buildings across the three categories (A, B and C). The three Category A listed buildings are Buchan Ness lighthouse , Old St Peter's Church and the Old Parish Church (known colloquially as the Muckle Kirk). The majority of the listed buildings are on streets that fan out from

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