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88-750: Petropavl is about 185 km (115 mi) from Kökşetau , 428 km (266 mi) northwest of the national capital Astana along the A1 , 261 km (162 mi) from Omsk . Petropavl is located in the southwestern part of the West Siberian Plain , on the right bank of the Ishim River, the longest tributary of the Irtysh River. Not far from Petropavl, there are many lakes and ponds, for example: Lake Bolshoe Beloe, Lake Pestroye, Lake Kishtibish, Lake Maloe Beloe and Bitter Lake. Also, within

176-601: A Berlin in a Eurasian style. He has stated that a purely administrative capital such as Canberra is not one of his goals. Two of the most significant structures in Asatana's developing urban landscape are the Palace of Peace and Reconciliation and the Khan Shatyr Entertainment Center . Their architectural styles are intended to echo features of the nomadic empires that shaped the history of

264-570: A fast food complex, temporary storage warehouses and a business center, a furniture factory, and production of military and civil engineering machinery. The new Astana International Financial Centre opened in July 2018. Astana's administration is promoting the development of small and medium-sized businesses through the cooperation of the Sovereign Welfare Fund Samruk-Kazyna and National Economic Chamber. Support

352-429: A 25-meter pool, fitness and wrestling rooms, a football field, as well as a comfortable hotel. The object will be made available to the pupils of the sports school. Astana has many universities and junior colleges. As of the 2013/2014 academic year, Astana had a total enrollment of 53,561 students in its 14 higher educational institutions, a 10% increase from the prior year. The L.N.Gumilyov Eurasian National University

440-837: A branch of the Haileybury and Imperial Service College , an independent school in the United Kingdom. The Astana Kazakh-Turkish High Schools are run by the International KATEV foundation. There are Kazakh-Turkish High Boarding Schools for gifted boys and girls, separately and the Nurorda International School. Astana hosts two Nazarbayev Intellectual Schools (NIS), including the School of Physics and Mathematics and International Baccalaureate world school. The QSI International School of Astana

528-552: A child. Astana Astana , formerly known as Nur-Sultan , Akmolinsk , Tselinograd , and Akmola , is the capital city of Kazakhstan . The city lies on the banks of the Ishim River in the north-central part of Kazakhstan, within the Akmola Region , though administered as a city with special status separately from the rest of the region. A 2022 official estimate reported a population of 1,350,228 within

616-581: A cloudy and rainy summer. Autumn begins in August or September, and the weather is observed from clear at the beginning of the season, to cloudy in October–November. Winter is frosty and long (more than 5 months), with stable snow cover up to 0.40 to 0.50 metres or 15.7 to 19.7 inches high on average, with the predominance of clear weather, in some years with infrequent snowstorms and blizzards. Based on 1991 to 2020 means: Population by declared ethnicity (at

704-669: A common territory. The middle zhuz of the Kazakhs, consisting of the Argyn , Kerey , Kongrat and Naiman tribes, occupied the Northern, North-Eastern and Central parts of Kazakhstan. Their main occupation was nomadic and semi-nomadic cattle breeding. In the middle of the 17th century, the Kazakh-Dzungar Wars began. During the war for their lands, the Kazakhs were forced to migrate to the southern steppes. In this regard, in

792-762: A constitutional amendment to revert to the name Astana. As of 2022 , it holds the Guinness World Record for the capital city with the most name changes in modern times. Many centuries ago, the Bozok settlement was located on the territory of modern Astana. It was a military fortress of the Steppe section of the Great Silk Road . The etymology of the Turkic word "Boz" carries several meanings such as 'untouched earth', 'virgin soil' and 'feather grass'. It

880-638: A large number of construction projects. Tourism becomes one of the factors that drive economic growth in the city. Astana is among the top ten most attractive tourist cities in the Commonwealth of Independent States (CIS). Astana has become a platform for high-profile diplomatic talks and summits on critical global issues. Astana has hosted multiple rounds of talks between the Syrian Arab Republic government led by Bashar al-Assad and Syrian opposition . The 12th Ministerial Conference of

968-490: A long time, a distinctive feature of the city remained the low level of improvement, lack of Sewerage, cluttered streets, unsanitary condition of bazaars and slaughterhouses, which contributed to the spread of diseases. The city had one hospital with 10 beds. By 1900, there were 13 educational institutions in the city, including one fifth-grade school, one women's gymnasium, two parochial schools, one parish school, two village schools, and six Tatar schools. The largest enterprise in

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1056-686: A military fortress of Saint Peter and is located on the site of the Kyzyl-Zhar tract, on the right bank of the Ishim river. Initially, it was considered a military outpost and was a major trading center in the North of the Kazakh khanate. In the 14th and 15th centuries, the Kazakh khanate was formed on the territory of modern Kazakhstan, consisting of three zhuzs . Each of them had common routes of nomads and

1144-782: A new Ishim line. By a decree of the Senate of February 25, 1752, General Kinderman was ordered to build a line of fortifications from the Omsk fortress on the Irtysh to the Beast's Head tract on Tobol. In June 1752, an expedition consisting of Dragoons of the Lutsk regiment, foot soldiers of the Noteburg regiment and a battalion of the Vologda Dragoon regiment, almost 2 thousand people, moved to

1232-524: A population of 339,286 people. Baykonyr District was created on 16 March 2018 by presidential decree. The district's territory encompasses an area of 18,129 ha (44,800 acres; 70.00 sq mi) with a population of 233 351 people. In April 1998, the Government of Kazakhstan asked architects and urban planners of international renown to participate in a design competition for the new capital. On 6 October 1998, Japanese architect Kisho Kurokawa

1320-460: A small garrison provided constant surveillance of the steppe, watching for signs of distress from nearby redoubts. The fortress was connected with Russia by a chain of post stations. In the spring of 1753, construction resumed. The area of the fortress was soon built up to the limit, and some rooms were built outside the walls of the fortress. So, later formed the Upper forstadt-on the mountain, and in

1408-401: A traditional Kazakh ornament around the perimeter and is a stylized Scythian shield. The ornament of the coat of arms includes Shanyrak, which divides the circle into 4 parts, each of which depicts 4 main elements that characterize the city in the beginning of the 21st century. In the upper sector there is a key-a symbol of the geographical location of the city, "Northern gate of Kazakhstan". This

1496-531: Is 3.9 °C (39.0 °F). January is the coldest month with an average temperature of −14.5 °C (5.9 °F) and record lowest is in January 1893's cold wave reaching temperatures down to −51.6 °C (−60.9 °F). July is the hottest month with an average temperature of 20.6 °C (69.1 °F). As of January 2020, the population of Astana is 1,136,008; more than double the 2002 population of 493,000. As of 2018, ethnic Kazakhs made up 80.6% of

1584-482: Is a planned city , following the process of other planned capitals . After it became the capital of Kazakhstan, the city dramatically changed shape with its master-plan designed by Japanese architect Kisho Kurokawa . As the seat of the government of Kazakhstan , Astana is the site of the Parliament House , Supreme Court , Ak Orda Presidential Palace and numerous government departments and agencies. It

1672-724: Is a district city in the Omsk province of the RSFSR. On August 26, 1920, the decree of the Central Executive Committee and the SNK of the RSFSR on the formation of the Autonomous Kyrgyz Republic (1920-1925), later the Cossack ASSR, was signed. Then four uyezds of the Omsk province of the RSFSR (existed in 1919–1925) (Atbasar, Akmolinsky, Kokchetavsky and Petropavlovsk) temporarily remained under

1760-824: Is a magnet for young professionals seeking to build a career. Islam and Christianity (primarily Russian Orthodoxy , Roman Catholicism , and Protestantism ) are the predominant religions of the city. Other religions practiced are Judaism , Lutheranism , and Buddhism . The Palace of Peace and Reconciliation was specially constructed in 2006 to host the Congress of Leaders of World and Traditional Religions. It contains accommodations for different religions: Judaism, Islam, Christianity, Buddhism, Hinduism , Taoism and other faiths. Central Asia's largest mosque , as well as Central Asia's largest synagogue are found in Astana. The metropolitan area centered upon Astana includes

1848-652: Is a member of the Kazakhstan First Division. They were founded in 2012, to develop youth football . The FC Astana-1964 is based in the Kazhymukan Munaitpasov Stadium and plays in the Astana Municipal Football League. The club's most successful years were 2000s, when they won 3 league titles. Astana is home to several professional ice hockey teams. The Barys Astana , a founding member of

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1936-405: Is also called left bank of the city, was created on 5 August 2008 by presidential decree. The district's territory encompasses an area of 31,179 ha (77,040 acres; 120.38 sq mi) with a population of 119,929 people. Saryarka District was created on 6 May 1998 by presidential decree. The district's territory encompasses an area of 19,202 ha (47,450 acres; 74.14 sq mi) with

2024-628: Is an international school that provides an American curriculum to its students. The school is a branch of the Quality Schools International that started in the Middle East. The city transport in Astana consists of buses and taxis. Over 720,000 people use public transport daily. There are over 60 bus lines served by more than 1000 vehicles, with over 3000 people working in the public transport sector. Just like buses, share taxis have their own predefined routes and work on

2112-414: Is followed by a sheaf of wheat, which is important for the city of agriculture and agricultural processing enterprises. The lower part shows an open book, symbolizing the high cultural and educational level of the city. The next sector is occupied by gear-industry and manufacturing. The song ends with a ribbon with the name of the city in the state language. Petropavlovsk was founded in the summer of 1752 as

2200-528: Is home to a range of futuristic buildings, including many skyscrapers . The settlement of Akmoly was founded in 1830, possibly named after a local landmark— Ақ мола literally means white grave in Kazakh —although this theory is not universally accepted. In 1832, it was granted town status and renamed Akmolinsk. In 1961, under Nikita Khrushchev , it was renamed Tselinograd, Russian for "City of Virgin Lands ". In 1991, following Kazakhstan's independence,

2288-417: Is located in central Kazakhstan on the Ishim River in a very flat, semi-arid steppe region which covers most of the country's territory. It is at 51° 10' north latitude and 71° 26' east longitude. The city encompasses 722.0 square kilometres (278.8 sq mi). The elevation of Astana is 347 metres (1,138 ft) above sea level . Astana is in a spacious steppe landscape, in the transitional area between

2376-549: Is not unusual between mid-December and early March. Typically, the city's river is frozen over between the second week of November and the beginning of April. Astana has a well-deserved reputation among Kazakhs for its frequent high winds, the effects of which are felt particularly strongly on the fast-developing but relatively exposed Left Bank area of the city. Overall, Astana has a continental climate classification in Köppen scheme ( Dfb ). The average annual temperature in Astana

2464-406: Is provided by a special programme of crediting. As a result, the number of small and medium-sized businesses increased by 13.7% to over 96,000 compared to the previous year as of 1 July 2015. In addition, the number of people employed in small and medium-sized business increased by 17.8% to over 234,000 people as of 1 April 2015. Astana was included in the list of top 21 intelligent communities of

2552-576: Is the Saryarka Velodrome , which is mainly used for track cycling events. The Saryarka Velodrome hosted the UCI Track Cycling World Cup stage in 2011. The Astana Presidential Sports Club was founded in 2012, to combine the main sports teams in Astana. The organization is supported by Sovereign Wealth Fund Samruk-Kazyna . The 2011 Asian Winter Games were partly held in the capital. The Alau Ice Palace , hosted

2640-689: Is the biggest university in Astana with 16,558 students and 1,678 academic staff. It was founded as the result of merging the Akmola Civil Engineering Institute with the Akmola Pedagogical Institute on 23 May 1996. The oldest university in Astana is the S. Seifullin Kazakh Agro Technical University founded in 1957. Nazarbayev University is an autonomous research university founded in 2010 in partnership with some of

2728-416: Is the premier music school and has provided Astana with highly qualified professional specialists in the field of Arts. Astana schools enrolls about 103,000 students across 83 schools, including 71 state schools and 12 private schools . The Miras International School , established 1999, was the first private high school established in Astana. The Haileybury Astana school was established in 2011, as

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2816-483: The 2015 World Sprint Speed Skating Championships . The President's Cup tennis tournament is annually held at the Daulet National Tennis Centre . The martial art palace was opened on 6 July 2019. Sports facilities for five thousand spectators can take part in international competitions in boxing, wrestling, judo, weightlifting, and other Olympic and non-Olympic disciplines. The palace has

2904-457: The Arshaly , Shortandy , Tselinograd and (partially) Akkol districts of Akmola Region . The area contains 1.2 million people. Astana's economy is based on trade , industrial production , transport , communication and construction . The city's industrial production is mainly focused on producing building materials , foodstuff and mechanical engineering . Astana is a major hub of

2992-700: The Belt and Road Initiative , including for financial services and legal services connected to BRI projects. Astana is the leader in the CIS region on Global Financial Centers Index rank in 2022. The Astana International Financial Center (AIFC) opened in July 2018 to become a hub for financial services in Central Asia. Astana is the headquarters of state-owned corporations such as Samruk-Kazyna , Kazakhstan Temir Zholy , KazMunayGas , KazTransOil , Kazatomprom , KEGOC , Kazpost and Kazakhtelecom . The shift of

3080-864: The Kontinental Hockey League in 2008 and based in the Barys Arena . The Nomad Astana and HC Astana play in the Kazakhstan Hockey Championship . The Snezhnye Barsy of the Junior Hockey League is a junior team of the Barys Astana. Astana annually hosts the President of the Republic of Kazakhstan's Cup ice hockey tournament. The Astana Pro Team , founded in 2007, participates in

3168-696: The UCI World Tour . The team is one of the most successful road cycling teams of recent years, winning several grand tours . The BC Astana of the VTB United League and the Kazakhstan Basketball League is the only professional basketball team in Astana. It is the most successful basketball team in Kazakhstan with three Kazakhstan Basketball League titles and four Kazakhstan Basketball Cups . Its home arena

3256-691: The World Trade Organization (WTO) was originally scheduled to take place in June 2020 in then Nur-Sultan, Kazakhstan, but was postponed due to the COVID-19 pandemic. In May 2020, WTO members discussed Kazakhstan's offer to reschedule the conference to June 2021 but postponed taking a decision due to the ongoing pandemic. In April 2021, members agreed that MC12 would take place in Geneva from 30 November to 3 December. Since 2003, Astana has hosted

3344-577: The 17th century and at the beginning of the 18th century, in Northern Kazakhstan, the nomadic population is rare. In the 18th century, the war for the return of Northern Kazakhstan continued. The southern part of the steppes and areas of North-Eastern Kazakhstan became the battleground of the Kazakhs and Dzungars. At this time, the Kazakh khans decided to accept Russian citizenship : the Younger zhuz took citizenship in 1731 and later in 1740,

3432-641: The Akmolinsk Oblast. In 1893, Akmolinsk was an uyezd with a 6,428 strong population, 3 churches , 5 schools and colleges and 3 factories . During World War II , Akmolinsk served as a route for the transport of engineering tools and equipment from evacuated plants in the Ukrainian SSR , Byelorussian SSR , and Russian SFSR located in the oblasts of the Kazakh SSR . Local industries were appointed to respond to war needs, assisting

3520-468: The Congress on World and Traditional Religions, which is a diverse gathering of religious leaders to discuss religious harmony and ending terrorism and extremism. Astana is subdivided into four districts. Almaty District was created on 6 May 1998 by presidential decree. The district's territory encompasses an area of 21,054 hectares (52,030 acres; 81.29 square miles) with a population of 375,938 people. The district has five villages. Yesil District , which

3608-678: The East, Aktau Fort in the South and through Atbasar to Kokshetau in the West. In 1838, at the height of the great national and liberation movement headed by Kenesary Khan , the Akmolinsk Fortress was burned. After the repression of the liberation movement, the fortress was rebuilt. On 16 July 1863, Akmolinsk was officially declared an uyezd town. In 1869, Akmolinsk's external district and department were cancelled, and Akmolinsk became

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3696-840: The Eurasian steppes. The city has a variety of sports teams. The major association football team is the FC Astana of the Kazakhstan Premier League . Founded in 2009, the FC Astana won six league titles, three Kazakh Cups and five Kazakh Super Cups . Their home stadium is the Astana Arena , which also serves as a home for the Kazakhstan national football team and the FC Bayterek . The FC Bayterek

3784-425: The Foothills-the Lower forstadt. Forstadt is a settlement where the main role is played by the fortress and the military. In the Lower forstadt there is a Cossack village, a hospital, and a locksmith's shop. For security reasons, the suburb was surrounded by a fence. The entrance and exit were guarded by special guards. As well as other fortified points in Siberia, the fortress of SV. Petra was strengthened militarily:

3872-401: The Karaganda region of the Kazakh ASSR. From 1936, Petropavlovsk has been the regional center of the established North Kazakhstan region within the Kazakh SSR and since 1991 the Republic of Kazakhstan. In 1941, when the USSR was invaded by the Axis Powers during World War II , many factories producing heavy machinery were evacuated to the east. Many factories, such as the V. I. Lenin Plant,

3960-423: The Omsk region was abolished. In 1868, on November 4, when the Akmola region was formed (it existed in 1868–1919) with the center in Omsk, Petropavlovsk became a district city in this region. During the war with Napoleon, citizens and peasants twice sent recruits and voluntarily donated about 30 thousand rubles to the defense of the Fatherland. On May 11, 1849, a fire broke out, destroying 450 houses. After that,

4048-440: The S. M. Kirov Plant, and the V. V. Kuibyshev Plant, were built in Petropavlovsk to manufacture heavy equipment for the war, i.e. tanks, armored personnel carriers, and so on. Today, the remaining factories mostly produce and assemble small equipment. When Kazakhstan gained its independence, Petropavlovsk, which is the Russian Exonym for the city, was mostly replaced in official circles by Petropavl. In 2008, Petropavl took part in

4136-448: The Western main administration. In 1824, the Petropavlovsk district of the Omsk region was formed with the administrative center in Petropavlovsk, where offices were opened. In 1825, the city government was organized. In the same year, the first city budget was drawn up and the first city head was appointed, which was the merchant F. Zenkov. On April 16, 1838, Petropavlovsk was made a minor city of Ishimsky uyezd of Tobolsk province, since

4224-600: The Zenkov brothers ' tannery, and the factory for processing the intestines of the Swiss Accola. According to the census of 1897, there were 20014 people living in Petropavlovsk[the source is not specified 3714 days]. Accounted for the bulk of Russians, Kazakhs, there were about 1500 people. A significant group were the Tatars-immigrants. According to the source "Cities of Russia in 1910" St. Petersburg, 1914 in 1910, 37,973 people lived in Petropavlovsk, including by national composition: Russians — 72.8%, Turkish-Tatars — 25.2%, poles — 0.5%, Jews-1.1%, Germans-0.2%, Finns-0.2 %. For

4312-425: The administrative seat of the new Virgin Lands economic region. On 14 March 1961, Khrushchev suggested the city should have a name corresponding to its role in the Virgin Lands Campaign. On 20 March 1961, the Supreme Soviet of the Kazakh SSR renamed Akmolinsk to Tselinograd . On 24 April 1961, the region was reconstituted as Tselinograd Oblast . In the 1960s, Tselinograd was completely transformed. In 1963, work on

4400-411: The beginning of 2020): The first coat of arms of the district city of Petropavlovsk, Tobolsk province , was approved on September 7, 1842 (law No. 16351): In the upper half of the shield, the coat of arms of Tobolsk. In the lower one, " in a silver field on a mountain, a camel loaded with two bales at the ready and led by a rope by an Asiatic." The modern coat of Arms is made in the form of a circle with

4488-520: The borders of this province with other provinces of the RSFSR. On April 26, 1921, the resolution of the Extraordinary authorized Commission of Kaztsik on the admission and organization of the Akmola province with the administrative center in the city of Petropavlovsk was issued. From April 26, 1921, to January 17, 1928, Petropavlovsk was the administrative center of the Akmola province of the Kirghiz (from 1925 — Kazak) ASSR, which existed in 1920-1928[20]. From January 17, 1928, to May 10, 1928, Petropavlovsk

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4576-426: The capital has given it a powerful boost to Astana's economic development. The city's high economic growth rate has attracted numerous investors. In the 16 years since Astana became the capital, the volume of investments has increased by almost 30 times, the gross regional product has increased by 90 times, and industrial output has increased by 11 times. The city's Gross Regional Product makes up about 8.5 per cent of

4664-436: The center of the newly established Akmolinsk Oblast . In 1879, Major General Dubelt proposed to build a railway between Tyumen and Akmolinsk to the Ministry of Communications of Russia. In the course of the first 30 years of its existence, the population of Akmola numbered a trifle more than 2,000 people. However, over the next 30 years the city's population increased by three times according to volosts and settlements of

4752-457: The city can be found small forests, mostly consisting of birches and pine plantations. The climate is a dry version of the humid continental ( Köppen Dfb ) type, with sharp winter-summer temperature fluctuations. In spring, prevails clear and dry weather, with a large number of sunny days. Summers are quite hot, with a predominance of clear, often dry weather, in some years the rains can be of different frequencies, from rare and up to passing to

4840-451: The city centre, where at present intense building activity is occurring. To the west and east are more elevated residential areas with parks and the new area of government administration to the south of the Ishim River. Here many large building projects are under way; for example, the construction of a diplomatic quarter, and government buildings. By 2030, these quarters are to be completed. Astana's chief planner, Vladimir Laptev, wants to build

4928-403: The city limits, making it the second-largest city in the country , after Almaty , which had been the capital until 1997. The city became the capital of Kazakhstan in 1997; since then it has grown and developed economically into one of the most modern cities in Central Asia . In 2021, the government selected Astana as one of the 10 priority destinations for tourist development. Modern Astana

5016-429: The city of Petropavl. There are 43 organizations of preschool education, 38 secondary schools, 13 colleges, 5 higher educational institutions in Petropavlovsk. The Main Theatre in Petropavl is named after the Kazakh writer Sabit Mukanov, and performances are given in the Kazakh language. Viewers without knowledge of Kazakh are given headphones which serve to translate the performance into Russian, making it accessible to

5104-558: The city population, representing a significant increase from only 17% at the time of the country's independence. Ethnic groups (2020): In 1989, Tselinograd had a population of 281,000. The ethnic mix was about 17.7% Kazakh , 54.1% Russian and 28.2% other ethnic groups. By 2007, Astana's population had more than doubled since becoming the capital, to over 600,000, and it topped 1 million in 2017. Migrant workers—legal and illegal—have been attracted from across Kazakhstan and neighbouring states such as Uzbekistan and Kyrgyzstan, and Astana

5192-404: The city was a cannery, built in 1915, which employed 100 people. There were nine mosques in the city, of which six were made of stone. In 1896, the Petropavlovsk railway station of the South Ural railway was built near the city as part of the TRANS-Siberian railway. In 1918, Petropavlovsk became one of the centers of the white movement. On may 31, the Siberian Cossacks of chief V. I. Volkov, with

5280-443: The city's original name was restored in the modified form Akmola . On 6 July 1994, the Supreme Council of Kazakhstan adopted the decree "On the transfer of the capital of Kazakhstan". After the capital of Kazakhstan was moved from Almaty to Akmola on 10 December 1997, the city was consequently renamed Astana in 1998. On 10 June 1998, Astana was presented as the capital internationally. Due to several determined advantages, Astana

5368-457: The contest "The Best City in the CIS", where it was awarded three grants, including the grant "For The Preservation of Historical and Cultural Heritage". In 2014, the trolleybus system which formerly ran in the city was abolished. On November 27, 2018, the rural localities of Kuibyshevskoye village, Novopavlovka village, Teplovskoye village, and Stop point 2629 located on the territory of the city akimat of Petropavl were incorporated directly into

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5456-416: The country to provide the battle and home fronts with all materials needed. In the post-war years, Akmolinsk became a beacon of economic revival in the west of the Soviet Union ruined by the war. Additionally, many Russian-Germans were resettled here after being deported under Joseph Stalin 's rule. In 1954, Northern Kazakh SSR oblasts became a territory of the Virgin Lands Campaign , in order to turn

5544-526: The country's outgoing long-term authoritarian president, Nursultan Nazarbayev . In September 2022, after a number of controversies and unrest resulting in Nazarbayev's resignation from the Security Council of Kazakhstan , the name of the capital was changed back to Astana. Astana is almost 1,000 km (620 mi) from the country's largest city and former capital, Almaty . The nearest big cities are Karaganda (200 km [120 mi]) and Omsk in Russia (450 km [280 mi]). Astana

5632-430: The first floor in the form of stuffed animals against the background of their natural habitat. There are military items, a yurt, Kazakh national clothing, and a department dedicated to former president Nursultan Nazarbayev. The North Kazakhstan regional museum of fine arts opened in 1989. The Museum has permanent exhibitions, sometimes exhibitions are held. For example, an exhibition of the artist Krestnikov's drawings as

5720-433: The first three new high-rise housing districts began. In addition, the city received a number of new monumental public buildings, including the Virgin Lands Palace, a Palace of Youth, a House of Soviets, a new airport, and several sports venues. In 1971, the Tselinniy Krai was abolished and Tselinograd became the oblast's new capital. After the dissolution of the Soviet Union and the consequent independence of Kazakhstan,

5808-407: The fortress became a major political and economic center of the priishimye region. Thanks to Abylai Khan, the fortress became a major point of exchange and transit trade, which influenced the economic development of the steppe. Trade routes from Russia and Central Asia converged here. Local Kazakhs borrowed from immigrants skills of mowing, tillage, fisheries, veterinary medicine, etc. In 1782, in

5896-411: The fortress of St. In the presence of the Governor-General of the Ufa and Simbirsk governorates, I. V. Yakobi, the Sultan of the Middle Zhuz, Vali Khan, took the solemn oath of allegiance to the Russian government.He was officially confirmed as a Khan by the Russian Empire. In 1807, the fortress was renamed the city of Petropavlovsk with the addition of Tobolsk province. On September 7, the first mayor of

5984-423: The fortress was appointed. Peter (retired major Levashov with a salary of 300 rubles). By a nominal decree of January 22, 1822 "on the division of the Siberian provinces into Western and Eastern administrations", Siberia was divided into Western (center — Tobolsk) and Eastern (center — Irkutsk). Petropavlovsk was classified as a medium-sized city and became a district city of the newly formed Omsk region, assigned to

6072-427: The fortress-barracks, stables, officers ' houses, garrison Church, powder magazine, and other premises. Hard work exhausted the soldiers and Cossacks, as well as poor nutrition and early cold weather. People got sick, many died, and escapes became more frequent. In early October, snow fell and work was stopped. In addition to the officers, 50 Dragoons and 40 soldiers remained in the fortress. In severe winter conditions,

6160-410: The garrison was increased, wooden walls and bastions were replaced with earthen ones. The barracks were rebuilt, and a "salt house" was built to receive representatives of Kokand. According to the instructions of the Senate, kolodniki exiled to Siberia for hard labor (up to 100–300) were used for the work. In 1772, the fortress had two suburbs: the upland part and the foothills. The merchant class grew, as

6248-425: The imminent onset of cold weather, we decided to build wooden fortifications. The fortress on Ishim had the shape of a regular hexagon with an area of about 2 hectares. At the corners of its equal distance located the bastions connected by curtain walls. The bastions facing the river were called Nagorny and Ishim. The total length of the fortress fence was more than 1.3 km. In the bastions were placed guns, inside

6336-640: The jurisdiction of the Sibrevkom until the final decision of the Extraordinary authorized Commission of the Kaztsik on the reception of this territory. The commission had two main tasks. First, to prepare the conditions for the implementation of administrative reform, as a result of which Petropavlovsk from a district city was to become the administrative center of the Akmola province. Secondly, to establish

6424-614: The many Non-Kazakh-Speakers living in Petropavl. Petropavl's regional puppet theatre has been operating since February 1991. It is located in a building on 69 Vasilieva street. In addition to children's performances, it is used to show films and hold new year's matinees. The Theatre has been named after the Soviet playwright Nikolai Fyodorovich Pogodin, who was awarded the prestigious Lenin Prize in 1986. Children's' performances are held in

6512-548: The middle zhuz took citizenship. In the steppe, defensive fortifications were built, among these fortifications was the fortress of St. Peter. Map of the Tobolsk Viceroyalty, 1792. The fortress of St. Petra in the southern part. In 1752, during the reign of Elizabeth Petrovna, the Senate, in order to strengthen the southern borders of the Russian Empire, recognized the need to urgently begin construction of

6600-608: The morning, while adults' performances are held in the evening. The Theatre also has a studio for aspiring young actors. The North Kazakhstan regional museum of local history opened in 1924. In the hall of the Museum there is a large map of the North Caucasus-on the entire wall. In the Museum you can see objects of antiquity and modernity. The flora and fauna of the North Caucasus region is very richly represented on

6688-553: The name was changed to Akmola. In December 1997, the city replaced Almaty as the capital of Kazakhstan, and in May 1998, it was renamed Astana, which means "capital city" in Kazakh. In March 2019, the capital was renamed to Nur-Sultan ( / ˌ n ʊər s ʊ l ˈ t ɑː n / ; Kazakh : Нұр-Сұлтан / Nūr-Sūltan [ˌnʊrsʊɫˈtɑn] ) in honor of the long-ruling President Nursultan Nazarbayev , shortly after his resignation. In September 2022, President Kassym-Jomart Tokayev signed

6776-720: The new construction began according to the plan approved by the Tsar. The author of the plan was the architect Chernenko, who did not take into account the features of the soil and terrain, and the Foothills more than once sank in spring floods. The relocation of peasants from European Russia and the construction of the Siberian railway contributed to the development of the city. Petropavlovsk oil production supplied oil to St. Petersburg, Moscow, Riga, revel, Odesa, Samara, Vladivostok, as well as to England, Germany and Denmark. The largest were

6864-785: The north of Kazakhstan and the extremely thinly settled national centre, because of the Ishim River. The older boroughs lie north of the river, whilst the new boroughs are located south of the Ishim. The time offset from the UTC used by Astana is 5 hours ahead of UTC, or UTC+5:00 . Astana is the second-coldest national capital in the world after Ulaanbaatar , Mongolia, a position formerly held by Canada's capital, Ottawa , until Astana attained capital city status in 1997. Astana has an extreme continental climate with warm summers (featuring occasional brief rain showers) and long, very cold, dry winters. Summer temperatures occasionally reach 35 °C (95 °F) while −30 to −35 °C (−22 to −31 °F)

6952-616: The region into a second grain producer for the Soviet Union . In December 1960, Central Committee made a resolution to create the Tselinniy Krai, which comprised five regions of the Northern Kazakh SSR oblasts. Akmolinsk Oblast was ceased to exist as a separate administrative entity. Its districts were directly subordinated to the new krai administration, and Akmolinsk became the krai capital, as well as

7040-471: The republic's Gross domestic product . The Astana – New City special economic zone was established in 2001 to help develop industry and increase the attractiveness of the city to investors. The SEZ plans to commission five projects worth 20 billion KZT (around $ 108 million) in the Industrial Park No. 1 in 2015. The projects include construction of a plant for production of diesel engines ,

7128-757: The support of the Czechoslovaks, overthrew the Soviet government. Colonel Pankratov became the commandant of the city. The ideological justification for the resistance was the support of the Constituent Assembly COSSACKS PRIISHIMJE AT the BEGINNING of the CIVIL WAR (summer 1918) . During the Peter and Paul operation of the 5th army on October 31, 1919, Soviet power was restored in the city. In 1919–1921. Petropavlovsk

7216-504: The tract on the Ishim river. A small forest, nestled up against the floodplain of lake Babalawo Dragoons crossed to the right Bank of the Ishim river. Two steep ravines that bounded the construction site, went to the Ishim and together with the steep Bank of a wide (up to 47 m) river created a natural barrier to the enemy. The expedition had to build a large fortification in a short time — the fortress of St. Petersburg. Peter and two small-fortress Noon and Swan, and between them 8 redoubts. Given

7304-442: The world's top universities. The Kazakh University of Economics, Finance and International Trade is an economic institution in Astana. The Kazakh Humanities and Law Institute is a law university founded by initiative of Ministry of Justice in 1994. The Astana Medical University was the only medical school in Astana until the opening of the School of Medicine at Nazarbayev University in 2014. The Kazakh National University of Arts

7392-542: The world, according to the report released by the Intelligent Community Forum in October 2016. The rating list includes the cities, regions and communities which use digital instruments for the construction of local economy and society. In 2018, Astana attracted more than three trillion tenge (US$ 7.91 billion) in foreign direct investment, a record amount for the city. The growth was achieved due to

7480-451: Was a large settlement of the 12-14th centuries. At present, Astana is expanding to the territory of ancient Bozok. The settlement of Akmoly was established on the Ishim River in 1830 as the seat of an okrug . In 1832, the settlement was granted town status and named Akmolinsk . The advantages of the position of the town were clear as early as 1863. It describes how picket roads and lines connected this geographic center to Kargaly in

7568-626: Was awarded the First Prize. Kurokawa's proposal aimed to preserve and redevelop the existing city, and create a new city at the south and the east sides of the Ishim River , enabling the Symbiosis of the History and the Future. North of the railway line, which crosses Astana in an east–west direction, are industrial and poorer residential areas. Between the railway line and the Ishim river is

7656-521: Was chosen as the capital: large urban areas, favorable geographical position, proximity to the major economic centers of the region, considerable demographic capacity, good transportation facilities, and a relatively favorable climate. On 16 July 1999, Astana was awarded the medal and title of the City of Peace by UNESCO . In March 2019, the Kazakhstani government renamed the city Nur-Sultan to honour

7744-592: Was the administrative center of the Kyzyl-Zhar district of the Kazakh ASSR. From May 10, 1928, to December 17, 1930, Petropavlovsk was the administrative center of the Petropavlovsk district of the Cossack ASSR. From December 17, 1930, to March 10, 1932, Petropavlovsk was directly controlled by the Republican government of the Cossack ASSR. 1932–36 years. Petropavlovsk is the administrative center of

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