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44-486: The Peckett OQ Class is a class of 0-6-0 ST steam locomotives built in Bristol , England by Peckett & Sons . Three were built; no. 2124 for Tower Colliery in 1951 and nos. 2150 and 2151 for Mardy Colliery in 1954. No. 2150 has been preserved and is named Mardy Monster . According to Heritage Railway magazine it is "Britain’s most powerful industrial locomotive". This claim may be misleading because it

88-430: A bunker is used to carry the fuel (for locomotives using liquid fuel such as oil , a Fuel tank is used). There are two main positions for bunkers on tank locomotives: to the rear of the cab (as illustrated in the left of the images below), a position typically used on locomotives with a trailing carrying axle or a trailing bogie ; or on top of and to one side of the firebox, a positioning typically used in cases where

132-405: A concave arc flowing into a convex arc, with vertical ends; if the lower curve is convex and higher one concave, this is known as a Roman ogee, although frequently the terms are used interchangeably and for a variety of other shapes. Alternative names for such a Roman ogee moulding include cyma reversa and talon . The ogee curve is an analogue of a " cyma curve", the difference being that

176-518: A 'well' on the underside of the locomotive, generally between the locomotive's frames. This arrangement was patented by S.D. Davison in 1852. This does not restrict access to the boiler, but space is limited there, and the design is therefore not suitable for locomotives that need a good usable range before refilling. The arrangement does, however, have the advantage of creating a low centre of gravity , creating greater stability on poorly laid or narrow gauge tracks. The first tank locomotive, Novelty ,

220-453: A cyma, or " cyma recta ", has horizontal rather than vertical ends. The cyma reversa form occurs in antiquity. For example, in ancient Persia , the Tomb of Cyrus featured the cyma reversa. The cyma reversa is also evident in ancient Greek architecture , and takes its name from the cymatium . The ogee and Roman ogee profiles are used in decorative moulding, often framed between mouldings with

264-462: A derailment. Some tram engines were fitted with a roof and enclosed sides, giving them an appearance more like a goods wagon than a locomotive. Railway locomotives with vertical boilers universally were tank locomotives. They were small, cheaper-to-operate machines mostly used in industrial settings. The benefits of tank locomotives include: There are disadvantages: Worldwide, tank engines varied in popularity. They were more common in areas where

308-579: A full cab, often only having a front ' spectacle plate '. If a cab was provided it was usually removable along with the chimney, and sometimes the dome, so that the locomotive could be loaded onto a flatbed wagon for transport to new locations by rail whilst remaining within the loading gauge . Steam tram engines, which were built, or modified, to work on a street, or roadside, tramway were almost universally also tank engines. Tram engines had their wheels and motion enclosed to avoid accidents in traffic. They often had cow catchers to avoid road debris causing

352-453: A number of types of tank locomotive, based on the location and style of the water tanks. Side tanks are cuboid -shaped tanks which are situated on both sides of the boiler , extending all or part of the boiler's length. The tank sides extend down to the running platform, if such is present, for at least part of their length. This was a common configuration in the UK. The length of side tanks

396-508: A space between the tanks and the running plate. Pannier tanks have a lower centre of gravity than a saddle tank , whilst still giving the same easy access to the valve gear. Pannier tanks are so-named because the tanks are in a similar position to the panniers on a pack animal . [REDACTED] Media related to Pannier tank locomotives at Wikimedia Commons In Belgium , pannier tanks were in use at least since 1866, once again in conjunction with Belpaire firebox. Locomotives were built for

440-488: A square section. As such, it is part of the standard classical decorative vocabulary, adopted from architrave and cornice mouldings of the Ionic order and Corinthian order . Ogees are also often used in building interiors, in trim carpentry , for capping a baseboard or plinth elements, as a crown moulding trim piece where a wall meets a ceiling, and in similar fashion, at the tops of pieces of case furniture . Ogee

484-415: A tender was used with a narrow-gauge locomotive it usually carried only fuel, with water carried in the locomotive's tanks. The tender offered greater fuel capacity than a bunker on the locomotive and often the water capacity could be increased by converting redundant bunker space into a water tank. Large side tank engines might also have an additional rear tank (under the coal bunker), or a well tank (between

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528-460: A wing tank and an inverted saddle tank. The inverted saddle tank was a variation of the Wing Tank where the two tanks were joined underneath the smokebox and supported it. This rare design was used for the same reasons as the wing tank but provided slightly greater water capacity. The Brill Tramway locomotive Wotton is believed to have had an inverted saddle tank. The inverted saddle tank

572-527: Is a 4-4-0 American-type with wheels reversed. Wing tanks are side tanks that run the length of the smokebox, instead of the full length of the boiler. In the early 19th century the term "wing tank" was sometimes used as a synonym for side tank. Wing tanks were mainly used on narrow gauge industrial locomotives that could be frequently re-filled with water and where side or saddle tanks would restrict access to valve gear. The Kerry Tramway 's locomotive Excelsior has been described, by various sources, as both

616-555: Is also a mathematical term, meaning an inflection point . The term also gets used in steam locomotive design, referring to a specific shape of saddle tank on small shunting locomotives, such as the GER Class 209 . In fluid mechanics , the term is used to refer to aerodynamic profiles that bear such shapes, e.g., as in the ogee profile of the Concorde supersonic aircraft. As well, ogee curves are used to minimize water pressure on

660-410: Is also used in marine construction . The word was sometimes abbreviated as o-g as early as the 18th century, and in millwork trades associated with building construction, ogee is still sometimes written similarly (e.g., as O.G.). In architecture, the principal use of the term is to describe an arch composed of two ogees, mirrored left-to-right and meeting at an apex. First seen in textiles in

704-468: Is an object, element, or curve —often seen in architecture and building trades—that has a serpentine- or extended S-shape ( sigmoid ). Ogees consist of a "double curve", the combination of two semicircular curves or arcs that, as a result of a point of inflection from concave to convex or vice versa , have ends of the overall curve that point in opposite directions (and have tangents that are approximately parallel). First seen in textiles in

748-735: Is based on tractive effort rather than horsepower . After being withdrawn in 1976, No. 2150 was preserved by the Swanage Railway in 1979. In 1997 it was purchased by the Elsecar Heritage Railway , returning to service in June 2003. It was withdrawn after its boiler certificate expired in 2013. Its overhaul was never completed and it was sold in 2020. [REDACTED] Media related to Peckett OQ Class at Wikimedia Commons Saddle tank locomotive There are several different types of tank locomotive, distinguished by

792-412: Is injected into the boiler. However, if the water becomes too hot, injectors lose efficiency and can fail. For this reason, the tanks often stopped short of the hotter and uninsulated smokebox . [REDACTED] Media related to Saddle tank locomotives at Wikimedia Commons Pannier tanks are box-shaped tanks carried on the sides of the boiler, not carried on the locomotive's running plates. This leaves

836-546: The firebox overhangs the rear driving axle, as this counterbalances the overhanging weight of the firebox, stabilising the locomotive. There are several other specialised types of steam locomotive which carry their own fuel but which are usually categorised for different reasons. A Garratt locomotive is articulated in three parts. The boiler is mounted on the centre frame without wheels, and two sets of driving wheels (4 cylinders total) carrying fuel bunkers and water tanks are mounted on separate frames, one on each end of

880-444: The 1100s CE, the use of ogee elements, and in particular in the design of arches, has been said to characterise Venetian Gothic and Gothic Revival architectural styles. Ogee arches were also a feature of English Gothic architecture in the later thirteenth century. A building's surface detailing, inside and outside, often includes decorative moulding , and these often contain ogee-shaped profiles—consisting (from low to high) of

924-502: The 12th century, the use of ogee elements—in particular, in the design of arches—has been said to characterise various Gothic and Gothic Revival architectural styles. The shape has many such uses in architecture from those periods to the present day, including in the ogee arch in these architectural styles, where two ogees oriented as mirror images compose the sides of the arch, and in decorative molding designs, where single ogees are common profiles (see opening image). The term

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968-694: The Belgian State and for la Société Générale d'Exploitatation (SGE) , a private company grouping smaller secondary lines. In the United Kingdom , pannier tank locomotives were used almost exclusively by the Great Western Railway . The first Great Western pannier tanks were converted from saddle tank locomotives when these were being rebuilt in the early 1900s with the Belpaire firebox . There were difficulties in accommodating

1012-780: The German Class 61 and the Hungarian Class 242 . The contractor's locomotive was a small tank locomotive specially adapted for use by civil engineering contractor firms engaged in the building of railways. The locomotives would be used for hauling men, equipment and building materials over temporary railway networks built at the worksite that were frequently re-laid or taken up and moved elsewhere as building work progressed. Contractor's locomotives were usually saddle or well tank types (see above) but required several adaptations to make them suitable for their task. They were built to be as light as possible so they could run over

1056-544: The boiler. Articulation is used so larger locomotives can go around curves which would otherwise restrict the size of rigid framed locomotives. One of the major advantages of the Garratt form of articulation is the maintenance of the locomotive's centre-of-gravity over or inside the track centre-line when rounding curves. A crane tank (CT) is a steam tank locomotive fitted with a crane for working in railway workshops or other industrial environments. The crane may be fitted at

1100-492: The centre of the washer. Due to the size and shape of such washers, they are generally manufactured as a cast iron product (in accordance with ASTM A47 or A48). "Ogee clocks" were a common type of weight-driven 19th-century pendulum clock presented in a simplified Gothic style, with the original design attributed to Chauncey Jerome . Ogee clocks were typically made in the United States, as mantelpieces or to mount to

1144-412: The downstream face of a dam spillway . In aesthetic facial surgery, the term is used to describe the malar or cheekbone prominence transitioning into the mid-cheek hollow. The aim of a mid-face rejuvenation is to restore the ogee curve and enhance the cheekbones, common parts of routine facelift surgery. Ogee is the name given to bubble-shaped chambers of pot stills that connects the swan neck to

1188-513: The flat top of the latter within an encircling saddle tank which cut down capacity and increased the tendency to overheat the water in the tank. Pannier tank locomotives are often seen as an icon of the GWR. In Logging railroads in the Western USA used 2-6-6-2 Saddle tanks or Pannier tanks for heavy timber trains. In this design, used in earlier and smaller locomotives, the water is stored in

1232-536: The frames when extra weight and traction was required, then removed when it was not. Most had sanding gear fitted to all wheels for maximum traction. Some method of keeping mud and dust from clogging the wheels and brake shoes was also required – this either took the form of scraper bars fitted to the leading edge of the wheels or wheel washer jets supplied from the water tank. To handle long trains of loose-coupled (and often un-sprung) wagons, contractor's locomotives usually had very effective steam-powered brakes. Most lacked

1276-629: The frames). This may have been to increase the water capacity, to equalise the weight distribution, or else improve the stability by lowering the centre of gravity . Because tank locomotives are capable of running equally fast in both directions (see below) they usually have symmetrical wheel arrangements to ensure the same ride and stability characteristics regardless of the direction travelled, producing arrangements with only driving wheels (e.g. 0-4-0 T and 0-6-0 T ) or equal numbers of leading and trailing wheels (e.g. 2-4-2 T and 4-6-4 T ). However other requirements, such as

1320-411: The front, centre or rear. During the 1930s there was a trend for express passenger locomotives to be streamlined by enclosed bodyshells. Express locomotives were nearly all tender locomotives, but a few fast tank engines were also streamlined, for use on high-speed, but shorter, services where turn-around time was important and the tank engine's independence from turntables was useful. Examples included

1364-483: The idea quickly caught on, particularly for industrial use and five manufacturers exhibited designs at The Great Exhibition in 1851. These were E. B. Wilson and Company , William Fairbairn & Sons , George England, Kitson Thompson and Hewitson and William Bridges Adams . By the mid-1850s tank locomotives were to be found performing a variety of main line and industrial roles, particularly those involving shorter journeys or frequent changes in direction. There are

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1408-573: The length of run was short, and a quick turn around time was needed or turning facilities were not available, mostly in Europe. With their limited fuel and water capacity, they were not favoured in areas where long runs between stops were the norm. They were very common in the United Kingdom, France, and Germany. In the United Kingdom, they were frequently used for shunting and piloting duties, suburban passenger services and local freight. The GWR

1452-408: The lightly built temporary rails and had deeply flanged wheels so they did not de-rail on the tracks which were often very uneven. At the same time, they had to be very powerful with good traction as they would often have to haul trains of wagons up very steep gradients, such as the sides of railway embankments or spoil heaps. Many were designed so that large iron ballast blocks could be fitted to

1496-557: The need to support a large bunker, would require a non-symmetrical layout such as 2-6-4 T . In the Whyte notation for classification of locomotives (primarily by wheel arrangement ), various suffixes are used to denote tank locomotives: In the UIC notation which also classifies locomotives primarily by wheel arrangement , the suffix 't' is used to denote tank locomotives On tank locomotives which use solid fuels such as coal ,

1540-457: The position and style of the water tanks and fuel bunkers. The most common type has tanks mounted either side of the boiler. This type originated about 1840 and quickly became popular for industrial tasks, and later for shunting and shorter-distance main line duties. Tank locomotives have advantages and disadvantages compared to traditional locomotives that required a separate tender to carry needed water and fuel. The first tank locomotive

1584-405: The saddle tank arrangement in 1849. Saddle tanks were a popular arrangement especially for smaller locomotives in industrial use. It gave a greater water supply, but limited the size of the boiler and restricted access to it for cleaning. Furthermore, the locomotive has a higher centre of gravity and hence must operate at lower speeds. The driver's vision may also be restricted, again restricting

1628-408: The safe speed. The squared-off shape of the Belpaire firebox does not fit easily beneath a saddle tank, and so most saddle tanks retained the older round-topped boiler instead. A few American locomotives used saddle tanks that only covered the boiler barrel, forward of the firebox. Water in the tank is slightly pre-heated by the boiler, which reduces the loss of pressure found when cold feedwater

1672-432: The smokebox protruding ahead. A few designs did reach to the front of the smokebox and these were termed 'flatirons'. The water tank sits on top of the boiler like a saddle sits atop a horse. Usually, the tank is curved in cross-section, although in some cases there were straight sides surmounted by a curve (like an inverted 'U'), or even an ogee shape (a concave arc flowing into a convex arc). Walter Nielson patented

1716-419: The still pot, in distillation apparatus , that allow distillate to expand, condense, and fall back into the still pot. "Ogee washers" are heavy washers used in fasteners that have a large load-bearing surface; they are used in marine timber construction to prevent bolt heads or nuts from sinking into the face of timbers. The term ogee is used to describe the ogee shape giving rise to radial symmetry around

1760-411: Was a speciality of W.G.Bagnall . A tank locomotive may also haul a tender behind it. This was the common arrangement on the largest locomotives, as well as on narrow gauge railways where the small size of the locomotive restricts the space available for fuel and water. These combined both fuel and water in a proportion (where coal was used) of 1 pound of coal for every 6 pounds of water. . Where

1804-510: Was a well tank. [REDACTED] Media related to Well tank locomotives at Wikimedia Commons In this design, the tank is placed behind the cab, usually over a supporting bogie. This removes the weight of the water from the driving wheels, giving the locomotive a constant tractive weight. The disadvantage is a reduction in water carrying capacity. A rear tank is an essential component of the American Forney type of locomotive, which

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1848-608: Was famous for its Prairie tanks (such as the " 61xx " class), used for many things including very heavy trains on the Welsh valley coal mining lines that the GWR 4200 Class 2-8-0 T were designed for. In Germany, too, large tank locomotives were built. In the United States they were used for push-pull suburban service, switching in terminals and locomotive shops, and in logging, mining and industrial service. Ogee An ogee ( / oʊ ˈ dʒ iː / / ˈ oʊ dʒ iː / )

1892-413: Was often limited in order to give access to the valve gear (inside motion). Tanks that ran the full length of the boiler provided greater water capacity and, in this case, cut-outs in the rectangular tank gave access to the valve gear. Longer side tanks were sometimes tapered downwards at the front to improve forward visibility. Side tanks almost all stopped at, or before, the end of the boiler barrel, with

1936-670: Was the Novelty that ran at the Rainhill Trials in 1829. It was an example of a well tank . However, the more common form of side tank date from the 1840s; one of the first of these was supplied by George England and Co. of New Cross to the contractors building the Seaford branch line for the London Brighton and South Coast Railway in 1848. In spite of the early belief that such locomotives were inherently unsafe,

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