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40-554: Pedro Fernandes may refer to: Pedro Fernandes de Queirós (1563–1614), Portuguese navigator in the service of Spain Pedro Fernandes Ribeiro (born 1949), Brazilian Labor Party politician Pedro Fernandes (footballer) (born 1985), Pedro Emanuel da Silva Fernandes, Portuguese footballer Pedro Fernandes Lopes (born 1986), Cape Verdean politician Pedro Fernandes Neto (politician) , Democratic Labor Party candidate in

80-731: A large southern continent to claim for Spain. A devout Catholic, Queirós also visited Rome in 1600, where he obtained the support of the Pope, Clement VIII , for further explorations. He greatly impressed the Spanish Ambassador in Rome, the Duke of Sesa, who described him as a “man of good judgement, experienced in his profession, hard working, quiet and disinterested.” While in Rome Queirós also first wrote his Treatise on Navigation as

120-482: A letter by Queirós to the King in 1610, the eighth on the matter. The table below gives a summary of the memorials, including the classification systems used by four different scholars: Celsus Kelly in 1965, Frances Mary Hellessey Dunn in 1961, Justo Zaragoza in 1876 and Phyllis Mander-Jones in 1930. In the 19th century, some Australian Catholics claimed that Queirós had in fact discovered Australia , in advance of

160-631: A letter to the king, further reinforcing his reputation as a navigator, and invented two navigational tools. In March 1603, Queirós was finally authorized to return to Peru to organize another expedition, with the intention of finding Terra Australis, the mythical "great south land," and claiming it for Spain and the Church. Queirós was shipwrecked in the West Indies , but made it to Peru by March 1605. Queirós's party of 160 men on three ships, San Pedro y San Pablo (150 tons), San Pedro (120 tons), and

200-661: A military base), El Frontón (a former high security prison), the Cavinzas Islands , and the Palomino Islands , where numerous sea lions and sea birds live in a virtually untouched ecosystem . There are proposed plans to build a huge naval, terrestrial, and air port on San Lorenzo Island . This project is called the San Lorenzo Megaport Project . Local government affairs are divided into two levels. Regional matters are handled by

240-508: A new voyage, sending the king more than 65 letters over a seven-year period. He was finally despatched to Peru with letters of support, but the king had no real intention of funding another expedition, as the royal council feared that Spain could not afford new discoveries in the Pacific. Quirós died on the way, in Panama , in 1614. He had married Doña Ana Chacon de Miranda of Madrid in 1589;

280-476: A public cart road between Callao and Lima, further coalescing a Lima metropolitan area . By 1949, Callao was known as one of the biggest centers of coca -based products and cocaine traffic in the world. Callao is built on and around a peninsula , the district of La Punta , a wealthy residential neighborhood. A historical fortress, the Castillo de Real Felipe (site of " Rodil 's Last Stand"), stands on

320-526: A sketch map which included the Queirós-Torres voyages to Joseph Banks who undoubtedly passed this information to James Cook . Queirós sent at least 50, possibly 65, memorials to the King between 1607 and 1614. Although most were written manuscripts, Queirós paid to have fourteen printed and presented to the King. Copies of thirteen of these memorials are known to have survived. Scholars have numbered these memorials in different ways according to

360-474: A time when much politics in Australia was still coloured by Catholic-Protestant sectarianism. The Australian writer John Toohey published a novel, Quiros , in 2002. The British writer Robert Graves describes the 1595 expedition in his historical novel , The Islands of Unwisdom , written in 1949. In its introduction he describes his sources. The Spanish Navy gunboat Quirós , commissioned in 1896,

400-717: Is a Peruvian seaside city and region on the Pacific Ocean in the Lima metropolitan area . Callao is Peru's chief seaport and home to its main airport, Jorge Chávez International Airport . Callao municipality consists of the whole Callao Region , which is also coterminous with the Province of Callao . Founded in 1537 by the Spaniards , the city has a long naval history as one of the main ports in Latin America and

440-524: Is as much as all Europe and Asia Minor as far as the Caspian and Persia, with all the islands of the Mediterranean and the ocean which encompasses, including the two islands of England and Ireland. That hidden part is the fourth corner of the world". Bitter indeed the chalice that he drank For no man's pride accepts so cheap a rate As not to call on Heaven to vindicate His worth together with

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480-521: Is different from Wikidata All article disambiguation pages All disambiguation pages Pedro Fernandes de Queir%C3%B3s Queirós (or Quirós as he signed) was born in Évora , Portugal in 1563. As the Portuguese and Spanish monarchies had been unified under the king of Spain in 1580 (following the vacancy of the Portuguese throne , which lasted for sixty years, until 1640, when

520-490: Is divided into seven districts , ( Spanish : distritos ; singular: distrito ), each of which is headed by a mayor ( alcalde ). The rest of Callao Region is composed of the islands of San Lorenzo , El Frontón , Cavinzas and Palomino , which all together have an area of 17.63 square kilometres (6.81 sq mi). Callao is one of the most dangerous areas in Peru and experiences the most crime. The main port city in Peru

560-547: Is highly critical of Queirós, mutiny and poor leadership is given as the reason for Queirós's disappearance. Two weeks later, his second-in-command, Luis Váez de Torres , after searching in vain for Queirós and assuming Queirós (or rather the crew of his ship) had decided to go their own way, left Espiritu Santo . Torres successfully reached Manila, the center of the Spanish East Indies in May 1607, after charting

600-644: Is known as one of the largest exit points of cocaine and is rife with organized crime that results with violence. In December 2015, the government declared Callao in a state of emergency that extended until April 2016, with more than 30 people being killed at the time. In 2016, the murder rate in Callao was double the national average; from 10.2 per 100,000 in 2011 to 15.2 in 2015, compared to Lima which saw 4.8 per 100,000 in 2011 and 5.0 per 100,000 in 2015. Despite government and cultural initiatives, crime has continued to increase in Callao, with some public events in

640-589: The 2018 Rio de Janeiro gubernatorial election Pedro Fernandes Neto, Brazilian physician known for his work with venous translucence [REDACTED] Topics referred to by the same term This disambiguation page lists articles about people with the same name. If an internal link led you here, you may wish to change the link to point directly to the intended article. Retrieved from " https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Pedro_Fernandes&oldid=1074547932 " Category : Human name disambiguation pages Hidden categories: Short description

680-576: The Marquesas , as well as New Zealand, thanks to a change in his planned itinerary. In May 1606, the expedition reached the islands later called the New Hebrides and now known as the independent nation of Vanuatu . Queirós landed on a large island which he took to be part of the southern continent, and named it Australia del Espíritu Santo . In his printed memorials, notably the Eighth (which

720-744: The Regional Government of Callao ( Gobierno Regional del Callao ), which is located in front of the Jorge Chávez International Airport . Affairs such as city cleaning, promoting of sports and basic services are handled by the Provincial Municipality of Callao, which is headquartered in the Callao District . Also, each of the six districts has its own Municipality which handles matters in their respective jurisdictional areas. Callao

760-590: The second siege of Callao . On 20 August 1836, during the Peru–Bolivian Confederation , President Andrés de Santa Cruz mandated the creation of the Callao Littoral Province ( Provincia Litoral del Callao ), which had political autonomy in its internal affairs. During the government of President Ramón Castilla , Callao was given the name of Constitutional Province ( Provincia Constitucional ), on 22 April 1857; before that, Callao had

800-475: The Pacific, as it was one of vital Spanish towns during the colonial era . Central Callao is about 15 km (9.3 mi) west of the Historic Centre of Lima . El Callao was founded by Spanish colonists in 1537, just two years after Lima (1535). The origin of its name is unknown; both Amerindian (particularly Yunga , or Coastal Peruvian) and Spanish sources are credited, but it is certain that it

840-516: The Philippines in February 1596. Isabel Barreto , Mendaña's wife, accompanied the expedition and was accused of causing the crew's low morale by her selfishness and strict discipline. Queirós spent eighteen months in the Philippines, but returned to Spain in 1598, via Mexico. Upon his return to Spain, he petitioned King Philip III to support another voyage into the Pacific, hoping to find

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880-527: The Portuguese monarchy was restored), Queirós entered Spanish service as a young man and became an experienced seaman and navigator. In April 1595, he joined Álvaro de Mendaña y Neira on his voyage to colonize the Solomon Islands , serving as chief pilot. After Mendaña's death in October 1595, Queirós is credited with taking command and saving the only remaining ship of the expedition, arriving in

920-635: The Protestants Willem Janszoon , Abel Tasman , and James Cook . The Catholic Archbishop of Sydney from 1884 to 1911, Patrick Francis Moran , asserted this to be a fact, and it was taught in Catholic schools for many years. He claimed that the real site of Queirós' New Jerusalem was near Gladstone in Queensland , supported by elements of Queirós' description of the land he had discovered, such as his assertion that "its length

960-507: The area ending in gunfire. Jorge Chávez International Airport (IATA: LIM, ICAO: SPJC), known as Aeropuerto Internacional Jorge Chávez in Spanish, is Peru's main international and domestic airport. It is located in Callao district , 12 km (7.5 mi) northwest from the Historic Centre of Lima . Callao is the port city now fully integrated with Lima , the nation's capital. In 2008,

1000-535: The cause he served. — James McAuley, 1964 Building on this tradition, the Australian poet James McAuley (1917–1976) wrote an epic called Captain Quiros (1964), in which he depicted Queirós as a martyr for the cause of Catholic Christian civilisation (although he did not repeat the claim that Queirós had discovered Australia). The heavily political overtones of the poem caused it to be coldly received at

1040-558: The couple had one son and one daughter. His son Lucas de Quirós, who participated in the 1605 expedition, was knighted an Alférez Real and became a regarded cosmographer in Lima . There are a number of documents describing the Queirós – Torres voyages still in existence. Most significant are 1617 may be the date of the first English translation of one of Queirós’ memorials, as Terra Australis Incognita , or A New Southerne Discoverie . A short account of Queirós’ voyage and discoveries

1080-545: The crew mutinied, with the unfavorable wind conditions just giving them an opportunity to do so. The captain on the San Pedro y San Pablo named Diego de Prado, aware of the crew's plans, had already transferred to Torres' ship, and so did the expedition's surgeon. Queirós' ship, with Queirós being held in his cabin, then sailed to Acapulco , Mexico, where she arrived in November 1606. In the account of Diego de Prado , which

1120-641: The huge northward extension of the Austral continent joining it to New Guinea, as depicted in maps like those of Gerard de Jode and Petrus Plancius . For, as he said in his Tenth Memorial (page 5): “New Guinea is the top end of the Austral Land of which I treat". Queirós' religious fervour found expression with the founding of a new Order of Chivalry, the Knights of the Holy Ghost. The Order's purpose

1160-571: The memorials available to them for study, and those publicly known at the time. 1617 may be the date of the first English translation of one of Queirós's memorials, as Terra Australis Incognita , or A New Southerne Discoverie . A short account of Queirós's voyage and discoveries was published in English by Samuel Purchas in 1625 in Haklvytvs posthumus , or, Pvrchas his Pilg rimes, vol. iv, p. 1422-1432. This account also appears to be based on

1200-735: The military high school. The city also has a university, the National University of Callao . The main Naval Hospital, Centro Medico Naval is located on Avenida Venezuela in Bellavista. It contains the U.S. Navy command Naval Medical Research Unit Six . Residents of Callao are known as chalacos after the Quechua word Chala meaning coast. Callao's professional football teams are Sport Boys and Atlético Chalaco . Callao has several islands: San Lorenzo (currently

1240-557: The name of Littoral Province. All of the other Peruvian provinces had been given their names by law, while Callao was given it by constitutional mandate. Callao was never part of the Lima Department nor of any other departments. The province's first mayor was Col. Manuel Cipriano Dulanto. In 1921, the Bureau of Public Works granted a concession to M.I.T. engineer John Tinker Glidden for paving, administering, and inaugurating

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1280-542: The promontory overlooking the harbor. A large naval base is sited in Callao. Its prison held Abimael Guzmán , the leader of the Shining Path Communist Party of Peru, and holds Vladimiro Montesinos , the ex-director of internal security during the Fujimori regime. Jorge Chávez International Airport is located in Callao. On a bluff overlooking the harbor sits Colegio Militar Leoncio Prado,

1320-464: The southern coastline of New Guinea on the way and in doing so sailing through the strait that now bears his name, between Australia and New Guinea. Torres was unaware of his proximity to Australia's northern coast, just over the horizon from his route. Pedro Fernandes de Quirós returned to Madrid in 1607. Regarded as a crank, he spent the next seven years in poverty, writing numerous accounts of his voyage and begging King Philip III for money for

1360-562: The tender (or launch) Los Tres Reyes left Callao on 21 December 1605. In January 1606, the expedition came upon Henderson Island and Ducie Island , and then Rakahanga ( Northern Cook Islands ), and the Buen Viaje Islands ( Butaritari and Makin ) in the present-day island nation of Kiribati . It is also probable that his expedition sighted Tahiti and other islands in the Tuamotu archipelago. Queirós narrowly missed

1400-611: Was also a node in the Manila galleon route connecting Latin-America and Asia through Acapulco, Mexico and Manila, Philippines . As a result, Callao also became a permanent target for pirate and corsair attacks, such as the one carried out by Francis Drake in 1579 and the blockade established by Jacques l'Hermite in 1624. After the Battle of Ayacucho , 9 December 1824, that sealed the independence of Peru and South America, Spain made futile attempts to retain its former colonies, such as at

1440-634: Was known by that name since 1550. Other sources point to the similarity with the Portuguese word calhau [pebble], having a similar sound. It soon became the main port for Spanish commerce in the Pacific . At the height of the Viceroyalty , virtually all goods produced in Peru, Bolivia , and Argentina were carried over the Andes by mule to Callao, to be shipped to Panama , carried overland, and then transported on to Spain via Cuba . The port of Callao

1480-567: Was named for Queirós, using the Spanish spelling of his surname. After she was sold to the United States, she retained the name as USS  Quiros in United States Navy service from 1900 to 1923. Queirós is mentioned in the 1976 movie King Kong as discovering Skull Island and encountering Kong after being blown south from Tematagi in 1605. Callao Callao ( Spanish pronunciation: [kaˈʎao] )

1520-415: Was published in English by Samuel Purchas in 1625 in Haklvytvs posthumus , or, Pvrchas his Pilgrimes , vol. iv, p. 1422-1432. This account also appears to be based on a letter by Queirós to the King in 1610, the eighth on the matter. Some time between 1762 and 1765, written accounts of the Queirós-Torres expedition were seen by British Admiralty Hydrographer Alexander Dalrymple . Dalrymple provided

1560-633: Was published in Italy, Holland, France, Germany and England), this was altered to Austrialia del Espíritu Santo (The Australian Land of the Holy Spirit), a pun on "Austria", in honor of King Philip III , who was of the House of Hapsburg or 'Austria' in Spanish. The island is still called Espiritu Santo . Here he stated his intention to establish a colony, to be called Nova Jerusalem. He seems to have identified Australia/Austrialia del Espíritu Santo with

1600-511: Was to protect the new colony. However, within weeks the idea of a colony was abandoned due to the hostility of the Ni-Vanuatu and to disagreements among the crew. After six weeks Queirós' ships put to sea to explore the coastline. On the night of 11 June 1606, Queirós in the San Pedro y San Pablo became separated from the other ships in bad weather and was unable (or so he later said) to return to safe anchorage at Espiritu Santo. In reality,

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