115-535: Pegula may refer to: People [ edit ] Jessica Pegula (born 1994), American tennis player and billionaire heiress Kim Pegula (born 1969), American businesswoman Terry Pegula (born 1951), American billionaire Other [ edit ] Pegula Ice Arena , multi-purpose arena in University Park, Pennsylvania Pegula Sports and Entertainment , American holding company Topics referred to by
230-464: A green belt aimed at preventing the city from sprawling out into neighboring Gyeonggi Province. These areas are frequently sought after by people looking to escape from urban life on weekends and during vacations. Air pollution is a major issue in Seoul. According to the 2016 World Health Organization Global Urban Ambient Air Pollution Database, the annual average PM2.5 concentration in 2014
345-455: A 12.85% increase from June 2010. The next largest group was Chinese citizens who were not of Korean ethnicity; 29,901 of them resided in Seoul. The next highest group consisted of the 9,999 United States citizens who were not of Korean ancestry. The next highest group were Taiwanese citizens, at 8,717. The two major religions in Seoul are Christianity and Buddhism . Other religions include Muism (indigenous religion) and Confucianism . Seoul
460-513: A clear legal framework of responsibility, publicly checkable results and a major focus on reduction of transport pollutants. In July 2020, South Korea, then the 11th largest world economy, announced a US$ 35 billion position on ending investment in coal. In November 2020, South Korea committed to a carbon-neutral economy by 2050. Between 2005 and 2021 annual concentration levels of small particulate matter (PM10) fell by 30-40 % in Seoul, whilst concentrations of larger particulate matter (PM 2.5) in
575-835: A knee injury. In 2016, Pegula and her sister Kelly opened a quick-serve restaurant called Healthy Scratch in LECOM Harborcenter , an ice hockey -themed mixed-use development owned by her parents in Buffalo, New York. A Healthy Scratch food truck followed, in 2017. Multiple locations opened in 2018 and 2019, but then began closing after the start of the COVID-19 pandemic in 2020. The last two locations closed in May 2022. In 2017, Pegula introduced her own skin-care line called Ready 24. In 2021, Pegula married Taylor Gahagen. Pegula made her World TeamTennis debut in 2020 joining
690-470: A native Korean (as opposed to Sino-Korean ) common noun simply meaning 'capital city.' The word seoul is believed to have descended from Seorabeol (서라벌; historically transliterated into the Hanja form 徐羅伐 ), which originally referred to Gyeongju , the capital of Silla . Wiryeseong ( 위례성 ; 慰禮城 ), the capital settlement of Baekje , was located within the boundaries of modern-day Seoul. Seoul
805-526: A new capital. After several governmental debates, Yi Seong-gye chose Hanyang (Sindo) instead of Muak in September 1394. As Joseon's new capital, Hanyang was planned as a geographic embodiment of Korean Confucianism . Construction of the city began in October 1394. During its early construction stages, some major palaces, including Gyeongbokgung , were finished in 1395. The Fortress Wall surrounding Hanyang
920-612: A quarterfinal match with Petra Martić. Thanks to this great showing at her second WTA 1000 quarterfinal in 2021, after the one at Dubai , she entered top 30 for the first time. At the French Open , she reached the third round for the first time in her career where she lost to fourth seed Sofia Kenin . At the German Open in Berlin, Pegula reached the quarterfinals defeating for the fourth time Karolína Plíšková in their fourth in
1035-454: A result, Pegula reached a new career-high of No. 2 in doubles. Afflicted by a bout of food poisoning just days before the French Open , Pegula was upset by the 28th seed Elise Mertens in the third round in Paris, but reached the semifinals in doubles with Gauff, before falling to the tenth seeds, Leylah Fernandez and Taylor Townsend. At Wimbledon , she reached the quarterfinals and became just
1150-547: A result, she reached the top 15 in the doubles rankings. Seeded eighth at Wimbledon , she advanced to the third round for the first time, before losing to Petra Martić in straight sets. Following Wimbledon, she set a new career-high of world No. 7 on July 18, 2022, becoming the American number-one-player, one spot ahead of Danielle Collins. As a top-seeded pair, partnering Erin Routliffe , she won her third doubles title at
1265-592: A row meeting in 2021. She reached her third WTA 1000 quarterfinal of 2021 at the Canadian Open edition in Montreal, defeating compatriot Danielle Collins in a close three set match needing six match points to win in a thrilling finish. She then made her first WTA 1000 semifinal and second semifinal for the season, defeating 13th seed Ons Jabeur in 88 minutes. At the US Open , she finished in round three for
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#17327726003261380-566: A second consecutive year. At Indian Wells , she reached her fourth WTA 1000 quarterfinal, defeating world No. 7 (her 7th top-ten win for the season) and fourth seed, Elina Svitolina, before losing to former two-time champion Victoria Azarenka. Pegula started her season in Melbourne where she lost to Irina-Camelia Begu in the first round of the singles tournament but won her first career doubles title with Asia Muhammad , beating former doubles world No. 1, Sara Errani , and Jasmine Paolini in
1495-537: A tight three-set match. Her third-round win over Karolína Plíšková in Miami was the third win in a row in three tournaments over the same player. In May, at the Italian Open , where she participated for the first time, she recorded the biggest victory of her career over world No. 2, Naomi Osaka , in the second round. This was her fifth top-ten win in 2021. She next prevailed over Ekaterina Alexandrova to set up
1610-453: A win over another fellow American, 2019 French Open semifinalist Amanda Anisimova . She then caused a huge upset by defeating fifth seed and world No. 11, Aryna Sabalenka , in the third round, thus advancing to her first quarterfinal at any WTA Premier level event. Her run came to an end with a straight-sets loss to 14th seed Elise Mertens . At the US Open , Pegula recovered from a set down to record her first Grand Slam main-draw win since
1725-427: Is different from Wikidata All article disambiguation pages All disambiguation pages Jessica Pegula Jessica Pegula (born February 24, 1994) is an American professional tennis player. She has career-high rankings in singles of world No. 3, achieved on October 24, 2022, and in doubles of world No. 1 , achieved on September 11, 2023. Pegula has won six singles titles and seven doubles titles on
1840-492: Is evidence of the consumption of cooked grain and fish by 3,000 B.C. Around 1,500 B.C., communities began transitioning into the Bronze Age and farming at scale. Due to modern Seoul's significant urbanization, Amsa-dong Neolithic Site [ ko ] is the only known major archaeological site in Seoul where Stone Age materials have been found, although such materials have also been found in minor sites throughout
1955-441: Is headed by a mayor and three vice mayors, and is divided into 25 autonomous districts and 522 administrative neighborhoods. Seoul is divided into 25 " gu " ( 구 ; 區 ) (district). The gu vary greatly in area (from 10 to 47 km or 3.9 to 18.1 sq mi) and population (from fewer than 140,000 to 630,000). Songpa has the most people, while Seocho has the largest area. The government of each gu handles many of
2070-453: Is hereby constituted a municipal corporation to be known as SEOUL. The boundaries of the municipal corporation are the present limits of the City of Seoul consisting of the following eight districts: Chong Koo , Chong No Koo , Sur Tai Moon Koo , Tong Tai Moon Koo , Sung Tong Koo , Ma Po Koo , Yong San Koo , and Yang Doung Po Koo , and as such may be extended as provided by law. Seoul under
2185-708: Is home to one of the world's largest Christian congregations, Yoido Full Gospel Church , which has around 830,000 members. According to the 2015 census, 10.8% of the population follows Buddhism and 35% follows Christianity (24.3% Protestantism and 10.7% Catholicism). 53.6% of the population is irreligious. Seoul is home to the world's largest modern university founded by a Buddhist Order, Dongguk University . Compulsory education lasts from grade 1–9 (six years of elementary school and three years of middle school). Students spend six years in elementary school, three years in middle school, and three years in high school. Secondary schools generally require students to wear uniforms. There
2300-581: Is in the northwest of South Korea. Seoul proper comprises 605.25 km (233.69 sq mi), with a radius of approximately 15 km (9 mi), roughly bisected into northern and southern halves by the Han River . The river is no longer actively used for navigation, because its estuary is located at the borders of the two Koreas, with civilian entry barred. There are four main mountains in central Seoul: Bugaksan , Inwangsan , Naksan and Namsan . The Seoul Fortress Wall , which historically bounded
2415-664: Is not a Sino-Korean word, 'Seoul' has no inherently corresponding Hanja ( Chinese characters used in the Korean language). Instead of phonetically transcribing 'Seoul' to Chinese, in the Chinese-speaking world, Seoul was called Hànchéng ( 汉城 ; 漢城 ), which is the Chinese pronunciation of Hanseong . On 18 January 2005, the Seoul Metropolitan Government changed Seoul's official Chinese name from
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#17327726003262530-861: Is the seat of the South Korean government . Seoul's history traces back to 18 BC when it was founded by the people of Baekje , one of the Three Kingdoms of Korea. During the Joseon dynasty, Seoul was officially designated as the capital, surrounded by the Fortress Wall of Seoul. In the early 20th century, Seoul was occupied by the Japanese Empire , temporarily renamed " Keijō " ("Gyeongseong" in Korean). The Korean War brought fierce battles, with Seoul changing hands four times and leaving
2645-614: The 2002 FIFA World Cup . Seoul is geographically set in a mountainous and hilly terrain, with Bukhansan positioned on its northern edge. Within the Seoul Capital Area lie five UNESCO World Heritage Sites: Changdeokgung , Hwaseong Fortress , Jongmyo , Namhansanseong , and the Royal Tombs of the Joseon dynasty . Furthermore, Seoul has witnessed a surge in modern architectural development, with iconic landmarks including
2760-539: The 2022 WTA Finals in singles and doubles with Gauff, respectively, becoming the first American to qualify for the WTA Finals since Sloane Stephens in 2018 and the first American to qualify in both singles in doubles since Serena and Venus Williams in 2009 . At the San Diego Open , Pegula lost to Świątek in a US Open rematch in the semifinals, but won the doubles title with Gauff, their third title of
2875-805: The Buffalo Sabres of the National Hockey League and the Buffalo Bandits of the National Lacrosse League . The family has a net worth of over $ 7.5 billion. She is of part Korean descent, as her mother was born in Seoul . Pegula has four siblings, two of whom are from her father's first marriage. On August 30, 2011, Pegula was granted a wildcard into the main draw of the US Open doubles tournament, where she
2990-731: The French Open due to neck and back injuries, she won her fifth title at the WTA 500 Berlin Ladies Open in June, defeating top seed Gauff in the semifinals, and then Anna Kalinskaya in the final in a tight three-setter with two tiebreaks. In July, Pegula went out in the second round at Wimbledon losing to Wang Xinyu. She defended her title at the Canadian Open in Toronto, defeating Karolína Plíšková, qualifier Ashlyn Krueger , Peyton Stearns , 14th seed Diana Shnaider and Amanda Anisimova in
3105-707: The Hanja ' 漢 ' (a transliteration of a native Korean word 한 ; han ; lit. great), which may also refer to the Han people or the Han dynasty in Chinese and is associated with 'China' in Japanese context. After World War II and the liberation of Korea , Seoul became the official name for the Korean capital. The Standard Korean Language Dictionary still acknowledges both common and proper noun definitions of seoul . Unlike most place names in Korea, as it
3220-755: The N Seoul Tower , the 63 Building , the Lotte World Tower , the Dongdaemun Design Plaza , Lotte World , the Trade Tower , COEX , IFC Seoul , and Parc1 . Seoul was named the World Design Capital in 2010 and has served as the national hub for the music, entertainment, and cultural industries that have propelled K-pop and the Korean Wave to international prominence. Traditionally, seoul ( 서울 ) has been
3335-577: The Orlando Storm at the start of the season, which was played at The Greenbrier . Pegula emerged as one of the top players in the WTT 2020 season. After the dismissal of Danielle Collins , Pegula went on to play women's singles, women's doubles with Darija Jurak , and mixed doubles with Ken Skupski and Tennys Sandgren . She posted a strong 9–2 record in singles to help the Storm earn a No. 3 seed in
3450-577: The Second Sino-Japanese War , Yeongdeungpo District was annexed into Seoul on April 1, 1936, to function as an industrial complex for steel and other metalworking factories. The city was liberated by U.S. forces at the end of World War II . In 1945, following the liberation from Japanese colonial rule, the American military assumed control of Korea, including its capital city, then referred to as Kyeongseongbu in line with Japanese nomenclature. The U.S. military government published
3565-532: The US Open as a qualifier. She defeated Shuko Aoyama , Margarita Gasparyan , and Melanie Oudin to reach the main draw, where she beat Alison Van Uytvanck in the first round. In the second, Pegula was defeated by Dominika Cibulková in three sets. In 2018, Pegula reached her first WTA singles final at the Tournoi de Québec in September as a qualifier. She beat Kristýna Plíšková , Ons Jabeur , second seed Petra Martić and fifth seed Sofia Kenin en route to
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3680-573: The WTA Tour , winning three WTA 1000 titles in singles and two in doubles. She also reached the singles final at the 2023 WTA Finals and the 2024 US Open. Pegula is a seven-time major quarterfinalist in singles, having reached this stage at all four Grand Slam tournaments; thrice at the Australian Open (2021–2023), twice at the US Open (2022, 2024), and once at the French Open (2022) and Wimbledon (2023). In doubles, Pegula reached
3795-482: The Washington Open defeating fourth seeds Caty McNally and Anna Kalinskaya. Seeded seventh at the Canadian Open , she reached back-to-back semifinals in singles, for the fourth time at the WTA 1000-level in her career and third for the season, defeating defending champion Camila Giorgi and Yulia Putintseva , before losing to Simona Halep. Seeded third in doubles at the same tournament, she also reached
3910-491: The 17th century. Thus, the Joseon capital of Hanseong was widely referred to as the seoul. Due to its common usage, French missionaries called the Joseon capital Séoul (/se.ul/) in their writings, hence the common romanization Seoul in various languages today. Under subsequent Japanese colonization , Hanseong was renamed as Keijō (京城, literally 'capital city') by the Imperial authorities to prevent confusion with
4025-403: The 1960s, urbanization also accelerated and workers began to move to Seoul and other larger cities. In 1963, Seoul went through two major expansions that established the shape and size of the present-day Seoul—barring minor adjustments to the borders later in 1973 and 2000. In August 1963, Seoul annexed parts of Yangju-gun , Gwangju-gun , Siheung-gun , Gimpo-gun , and Bucheon-gun , expanding
4140-554: The 1988 Summer Olympics, is the largest park. The areas near the stream Tancheon are popular for exercise. Cheonggyecheon also has spaces for recreation. In 2017 the Seoullo 7017 Skypark opened, spanning diagonally overtop Seoul Station. There are also many parks along the Han River , such as Ichon Hangang Park, Yeouido Hangang Park, Mangwon Hangang Park, Nanji Hangang Park, Banpo Hangang Park, Ttukseom Hangang Park and Jamsil Hangang Park. The Seoul National Capital Area also contains
4255-585: The 2015 US Open, defeating Marie Bouzková in a third-set tiebreak. She then beat Kirsten Flipkens to advance to the third round of a Grand Slam event for the first time, where she lost to sixth seed and former world No. 2, Petra Kvitová . Pegula attained success at the Australian Open , defeating former Australian Open champion and 12th seed Victoria Azarenka , Kristina Mladenovic , former US Open champion Samantha Stosur and fifth seed Elina Svitolina to reach her first major quarterfinal where she lost to eventual runner-up, Jennifer Brady, despite winning
4370-406: The 5th century. However, according to Samguk sagi , both Baekje and Silla described the land as frontier border of Baekje, not as the capital region. Moreover, Jinheung Taewang Stele found at current day Bukhansan tells that the place was underdeveloped as of 6th century AD, suggesting that the first capital Wiryeseong was not located in or nearby Seoul. In July or August 553, Silla took
4485-521: The Charter of the City of Seoul in the official gazette on October 10 of the following year. The charter declared Seoul as the name of the city and established it as a municipal corporation . Seoul's status as a municipal corporation mirrored the independent cities in the United States that do not belong to any county, and Seoul was established as an independent administrative unit, separate from
4600-592: The Improvement of Air Quality in the Seoul Metropolitan Area" was passed in December 2003. Its 1st Seoul Metropolitan Air Quality Improvement Plan (2005–2014) focused on improving the concentrations of PM10 and nitrogen dioxide by reducing emissions. As a result, the annual average PM10 concentrations decreased from 70.0 μg/m in 2001 to 44.4 μg/m in 2011 and 46 μg/m in 2014. As of 2014,
4715-592: The North Koreans in the June 1950 First Battle of Seoul , recaptured by UN forces in the September 1950 Second Battle of Seoul , falling to a combined Chinese-North Korean force in the January 1951 Third Battle of Seoul , and finally being recaptured once more by UN forces in Operation Ripper during the spring of 1951. The extensive fighting left the city heavily damaged after the war. The capital
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4830-579: The Seoul Capital Area, which has major technology hubs, such as Gangnam and Digital Media City. Seoul is ranked seventh in the Global Power City Index and the Global Financial Centres Index , and is one of the five leading hosts of global conferences. The city has also hosted major events such as the 1986 Asian Games , the 1988 Summer Olympics , and the 2010 G20 Seoul summit , in addition to three matches at
4945-735: The U.S. military government between 1945 and 1948 was much smaller than it is today. It only covered the Fortress Wall , marked by the Eight Gates , and the districts incorporated during Japanese rule to prosecute imperial Japan's war efforts. During the Korean War , Seoul changed hands between the Soviet- and Chinese-backed North Korean forces and the American-backed South Korean forces four times: falling to
5060-463: The WTA 1000 level) with Coco Gauff , defeating third seeds Elise Mertens and Veronika Kudermetova in the final. As a result, she set No. 29 in doubles on February 28, 2022. At the Miami Open , she reached her second WTA 1000 semifinal of her career after two back-to-back retirements, Kalinina in round of 16 and Paula Badosa in the first set of the quarterfinal. In the semifinals, she lost to
5175-780: The WTT Playoffs. The Storm would ultimately fall to the Chicago Smash in the semifinals. Seoul Seoul , officially Seoul Special Metropolitan City , is the capital and largest city of South Korea . The broader Seoul Capital Area , encompassing Gyeonggi Province and Incheon , emerged as the world's sixth largest metropolitan economy in 2022, trailing behind Paris , San Francisco , Los Angeles , Tokyo , and New York , and hosts more than half of South Korea's population. Although Seoul's population peaked at over 10 million, it has gradually decreased since 2014, standing at about 9.6 million residents as of 2024. Seoul
5290-509: The annual average PM10 concentration was still at least twice than that recommended by the WHO Air Quality Guidelines. The 2nd Seoul Metropolitan Air Quality Improvement Plan (2015–2024) added PM2.5 and ozone to its list of managed pollutants. Investment in air quality improvement between 2007 and 2020 in the order of US$ 9 billion on the part of three key local authorities, namely Gyeonggi, Incheon and Seoul, delivered
5405-517: The area of approximately 4 km (2.5 miles) radius surrounding the Fortress Wall (i.e., Outer old Seoul ; 성저십리 ; 城底十里 ). On October 1, 1910, Imperial Japan demoted Seoul as no different than any other city within the Gyeonggi Province . After Imperial Japan's redistricting, Seoul only included the area inside the Fortress Wall and present-day Yongsan District . In the 1930s, as part of Imperial Japan's war efforts leading up to
5520-574: The championship match. Partnering with Asia Muhammad , she was runner-up in the doubles at the Wuhan Open , losing to Anna Danilina and Irina Khromacheva in the final. At the WTA Finals in November, Pegula was eliminated after losing her first two group matches against Coco Gauff and Barbora Krejčíková. She then withdrew from the event before her final contest with Iga Świątek due to
5635-477: The city Gyeongseong ("Kyongsong" in Korean and " Keijō " in Japanese). The city saw significant transformation under Japanese colonial rule. Imperial Japan removed the city walls, paved roads, and built Western-style buildings. Seoul was deprived of its special status as the capital city and downsized under imperial Japan, compared to the traditional notion among people of the Joseon dynasty that Seoul included
5750-458: The city as the provincial capital. Based on the naming system, the actual name of Han River during this time was likely Namcheon (Nam River) itself or should have the word ending with "cheon" ( 천 ; 川 ) not "gang" ( 강 ; 江 ) nor "su" ( 수 ; 水 ). In addition, "Bukhansan" Jinheung Stele clearly states that Silla had possession of Hanseong (modern day Pyongyang ), thus Bukhansan has to be located north of Hanseong. Modern day Pyongyang
5865-423: The city mostly in ruins. Nevertheless, the city has since undergone significant reconstruction and rapid urbanization. Seoul was rated Asia's most livable city, with the second-highest quality of life globally according to Arcadis in 2015 and a GDP per capita (PPP) of approximately $ 40,000. 15 Fortune Global 500 companies, including industry giants such as Samsung , LG , and Hyundai , are headquartered in
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#17327726003265980-533: The city, often through rescue archaeology . Seoul is first recorded as Wiryeseong, the capital of Baekje (founded in 18 BC) in the northeastern area of modern Seoul. There are several city walls remaining in the area that date from this time. Pungnaptoseong , an earthen wall located southeast Seoul, is widely believed to have been at the main Wiryeseong site. As the Three Kingdoms competed for this strategic region, control passed from Baekje to Goguryeo in
6095-539: The city, goes over these mountains. The city is bordered by eight mountains, as well as the more level lands of the Han River plain and western areas. Seoul has a large quantity of parks. One of the most famous parks is Namsan Park , which offers recreational hiking and views of the downtown Seoul skyline, especially via its N Seoul Tower . Seoul Olympic Park , located in Songpa District and built to host
6210-541: The control of the region from Baekje, and the city became a part of newly established Sin Province ( 신주 ; 新州 ). Sin (新) has both meaning of "New" and "Silla", thus literally means New Silla Province. In November 555, Jinheung Taewang made a royal visit to Bukhansan, and inspected the frontier. In 557, Silla abolished Sin Province, and established Bukhansan Province ( 북한산주 ; 北漢山州 ). The word Hanseong ( 한성 ; 漢城 ; lit. Han Fortress) appears on
6325-417: The country and according to satellite data, the persistent carbon dioxide anomaly over the city is one of the strongest in the world. Air quality is monitored by geo-stationary satellite measurements centred on Korea and its immediate neighbours. In January 2024 Seoul Metro , whose passengers at the time numbered approximately 7 million a day, announced plans for extensive pollution reduction measures across
6440-523: The current Ichon-dong , the Banpo apartment complex , Apgujeong-dong and Jamsil-dong . Until 1972, Seoul was claimed by North Korea as its de jure capital, being specified as such in Article 103 of the 1948 North Korean constitution . Seoul was the host city of the 1986 Asian Games and 1988 Summer Olympics as well as one of the venues of the 2002 FIFA World Cup . South Korea's 2019 population
6555-459: The early 1990s, the reasons being the high costs of living, urban sprawling to Gyeonggi region's satellite bed cities and an aging population. As of 2016, the number of foreigners living in Seoul was 404,037, 22.9% of the total foreign population in South Korea. As of June 2011, 186,631 foreigners were Chinese citizens of Korean ancestry. This was an 8.84% increase from the end of 2010 and
6670-470: The early clay court season came in Charleston , where she upset world No. 12, Anastasija Sevastova , en route to the third round. This helped her break inside the top 75 for the first time. She also competed in the main draw of a Grand Slam tournament other than the US Open for the first time. She was defeated in the first round of the French Open by eventual champion Ashleigh Barty , before falling in
6785-421: The eventual champion and upcoming No. 1, Iga Świątek , in straight sets. Her seventh WTA 1000 quarterfinal came at the Madrid Open by defeating Bianca Andreescu in straight sets. She reached her third semifinal at the WTA 1000-level and second straight for the season defeating first time Madrid quarterfinalist Sara Sorribes Tormo . Next, she defeated Jil Teichmann for her first WTA 1000 final and become
6900-416: The existing provinces. The Korean version of the Charter translated " municipal corporation " as " special free city " ( 특별자유시 ; 特別自由市 ), which later became special metropolitan city (or special metropolitan city; 특별시 ) in the Local Autonomy Act of 1949 [ ko ] . Seoul has retained its status as the only special metropolitan city in South Korea (i.e., 서울특별시 ). The City of Seoul
7015-465: The fifth American to do so at all four majors in the last 25 years, after notching a straight-sets fourth-round win over Ukrainian Lesia Tsurenko . In the quarterfinals, Pegula lost to the eventual champion, Markéta Vondroušová , despite leading 4–1 in the third set. Seeded fourth in Montreal , she reached her third consecutive Canadian Open semifinal by beating Yulia Putintseva, Jasmine Paolini and seventh seed Coco Gauff. Then she beat Iga Świątek for
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#17327726003267130-399: The final of the 2022 French Open , partnering with Coco Gauff , and the mixed doubles final of the 2023 US Open with Austin Krajicek . In 2022, she led team USA to victory in the United Cup by defeating Italy’s n. 1 Martina Trevisan in the final. Pegula was born in Buffalo, New York to Terry and Kim Pegula , the owners of the Buffalo Bills of the National Football League ,
7245-447: The final, where she lost to eighth seed Pauline Parmentier in straight sets. This brought her ranking back inside the top 200 and helped her finish the year inside the top 125. Pegula began the year primarily playing on the ITF Circuit, before cracking inside the top 100 in February for the first time in her career. This allowed her to enter several larger WTA Tour events, including in Indian Wells and Miami . Her best result during
7360-408: The final, she lost to world No. 2, Iga Świątek, in 59 minutes. In January, following the Australian Open where she exited in the second round, she split with her coach David Witt, with whom she began working in 2019. She withdrew from the Middle East swing in February, due to a neck injury. She returned to the tour at the San Diego Open with a new coaching team and reached the semifinals. At
7475-427: The final. At the WTA 1000 Madrid Open , Pegula and Gauff reached again the final where they lost to Azarenka and Beatriz Haddad Maia . The match was followed by controversy as none of the participating players were allowed to make a speech on the podium during the awards ceremony. The organizers subsequently apologized for the mistake. At the next WTA 1000 in Rome , the pair played their third consecutive final. As
7590-650: The final. She reached another WTA 1000 final at the Cincinnati Open with wins over Karolina Muchová, Leylah Fernandez, qualifier Taylor Townsend, and Paula Badosa. She lost to Aryna Sabalenka in the final. At the US Open , she defeated Shelby Rogers in her final career match, Sofia Kenin , and Jéssica Bouzas Maneiro in 70 minutes and Diana Shnaider without losing a set in all matches, to reach her seventh Grand Slam quarterfinal. She then defeated world No. 1, Iga Świątek, in straight sets for her first semifinal, and Karolína Muchová in three sets for her first Grand Slam final. She lost to world No. 2 Aryna Sabalenka in
7705-495: The final. In Sydney , she lost to Caroline Garcia in the first round. At the Australian Open , she defeated Anhelina Kalinina , Bernarda Pera , Nuria Párrizas Díaz and fifth seed Maria Sakkari to book her second consecutive quarterfinal at this major. She lost the quarterfinal match to world No. 1 and eventual champion, Ash Barty, but moved to highest rankings in singles (No. 16) and doubles (No. 41) on January 31, 2022. In Doha , she won her second doubles title (and first at
7820-438: The finals, she beat 2022 French Open semifinalist Martina Trevisan to help the United States win the first ever United Cup title. Coming off the heels of her win over Świątek and consistency throughout the 2022 season, Pegula was considered one of the favorites for the Australian Open title. She breezed through her first three matches with straight set wins over Jaqueline Cristian , Aliaksandra Sasnovich, and Marta Kostyuk . In
7935-432: The first American to claim three wins in a season against the WTA's No. 1 since Serena Williams in 2012. Since 2000, Pegula was fourth to achieve the feat after Williams, Lindsay Davenport , and Jennifer Capriati. As a result, she qualified for the semifinals. Next, she defeated Maria Sakkari, her sixth straight top-10 win, in straight sets in her third match in a row with this result, improving to 50–0 in 2023 after winning
8050-436: The first set. This strong showing allowed Pegula to enter top 50 for the first time, and took her to a new career-high ranking of No. 43 in the world. Later in April, she achieved another career-high of No. 32, after reaching the semifinals at the Qatar Ladies Open as a qualifier where she lost to the eventual champion, Petra Kvitová, and a fourth-round run as a seeded player at the Miami Open , losing to Maria Sakkari in
8165-456: The first time at this major, defeating former world No. 12, Wang Qiang , Anhelina Kalinina, 2021 French Open semifinalist and 24th seed Tamara Zidanšek, and Irina-Camelia Begu. She lost to top seed and eventual champion, Iga Świątek, in the quarterfinals. As a result, she broke into the top 10 in the singles rankings for the first time, at world No. 8, on June 6, 2022. She also entered her first major final in doubles, partnering with Gauff. As
8280-511: The first time, Pegula lost in straight sets. She then competed at the Australian Open for the first time, where she was defeated by another American, Taylor Townsend, in straight sets in the first round. Pegula's next big triumph came at the Cincinnati Open , a Premier 5 tournament. Having already beaten two Russians to qualify for the main draw, she opened her campaign with a straight-sets win over American Jennifer Brady followed by
8395-515: The fortress), and areas 10 Ri (Korean mile) around the Fortress Wall, which were named as Seongjeosimni ( Korean : 성저십리 ; Hanja : 城底十里 ; lit. 10 Ris around the fortress). The Doseong-an area later gained the informal but popular name Sadaemun-an ( 사대문 안 ), which literally means 'areas inside of the Four Great Gates ', and became the one and only downtown (city center) of Hanyang city . In
8510-407: The fourth round, Pegula faced off against 2021 French Open champion Barbora Krejčíková for the first time, defeating the 20th seed in straight sets to advance to her third consecutive Australian Open quarterfinal. However, she was unable to advance past that stage once more, being defeated by former champion Victoria Azarenka in straight sets. Pegula also played doubles with Coco Gauff; seeded second,
8625-479: The functions that are handled by city governments in other jurisdictions. Each gu is divided into " dong " ( 동 ; 洞 ), or neighborhoods. Some gu have only a few dong s while others like Jongno District have a very large number of distinct neighborhoods. Seoul has 423 administrative dongs ( 행정동 ) in total. Seoul proper is noted for its population density , which is almost twice that of New York City and eight times greater than Rome . Its metropolitan area
8740-445: The group stage, winning only one set in three matches. At the same tournament, she and partner Gauff surprisingly failed to win a single match and also finished last in the round-robin stage of doubles. Nonetheless, she finished her best season to date ranked No. 3 in singles and No. 6 in doubles, one of only three women (along with Gauff and Kudermetova) to finish inside the top 10 in both disciplines. Pegula began her season playing at
8855-405: The historic Hànchéng to Shǒu'ěr ( 首尔 ; 首爾 ). Shǒu'ěr is a phono-semantic match incorporating both sound and meaning (through 首 meaning 'head', 'chief', 'first'). There is evidence of human habitation in the area now corresponding to Seoul from 30,000 to 40,000 years before the present. Around 4,000 B.C., people of the area lived in huts with lowered floors called umjip ( 움집 ). There
8970-585: The hottest month, has average high and low temperatures of 30.0 and 22.9 °C (86 and 73 °F) with higher temperatures possible. Heat index values can surpass 40 °C (104.0 °F) at the height of summer. Winters are usually cold to freezing with average January high and low temperatures of 2.1 and −5.5 °C (35.8 and 22.1 °F), and are generally much drier than summers, with an average of 24.9 days of snow annually. Sometimes, temperatures drop dramatically to below −10 °C (14 °F), and on some occasions as low as −15 °C (5 °F) in
9085-565: The inaugural edition of the United Cup . After dropping her opening match in Group C to Petra Kvitová, she bounced back to defeat Laura Siegemund . She then beat Harriet Dart in the first knockout stage before scoring the biggest win of her career with a straight sets victory over Iga Świątek, her first win over a current world No. 1 and first against the Pole since the 2019 Washington Open . In
9200-617: The late 19th century, after hundreds of years of isolation, Seoul opened its gates to foreigners and began modernization. Seoul became the first city in East Asia to introduce electricity in the royal palace, which was established by the Edison Illuminating Company . A decade later the city also implemented electrical street lights. After Gojong 's proclamation of Korea as the Korean Empire in 1897, Seoul
9315-420: The mid winter period of January and February. Temperatures below −20 °C (−4 °F) have been recorded. The Seoul Metropolitan Government is the local government for Seoul, and is responsible for the administration and provision of various services to the city, including correctional institutions, education, libraries, public safety, recreational facilities, sanitation, water supply, and welfare services. It
9430-471: The most of anyone in the season. It was a fourth straight win over a top 10 player extending her personal best. In her second match, she defeated the world No. 1 player Aryna Sabalenka also in straight sets, her third win against a No. 1 player in the season and in her career. It was her 43rd season win with 5+ break point conversions, the most of anyone, and her fifth straight top 10 win, the first American on record since Sloane Stephens in 2018. She also became
9545-550: The network. The target was to cut pollution to over 30% below the legal limit of 50 μg/m3. It was 32 μg/m3 by 2026. The outset actuality was 38.8 μg/m3 average concentration of pollution. Starting in 2024, ₩100 billion annually for three years was earmarked for air pollution reduction measures. These included installation of air conditioning, better ventilation systems and filters, replacement of dust-inducing gravel rail tunnel beds with concrete ones, dust-capture matting at turnstiles, and constant public readings for pollution within
9660-631: The northeastern borders of Seoul. In September, Seoul again annexed present-day Gangnam . The two consecutive expansions more than doubled the size of Seoul from approximately 268 km (103 sq mi) to 613 km (237 sq mi). After annexation, Gangnam 's development was spurred by key infrastructure projects: the construction of the Hannam Bridge (1966–1969) and Gyeongbu Expressway (1968–1970). As Seoul's population kept growing, Park 's regime focused its development plans on Gangnam. The main hurdle for Gangnam's development
9775-462: The northern border. The city lost its provincial capital position and was put under Bukhansan Province once again. This further proves that Bukhansan was located in the North of modern-day Pyongyang as changing the provincial name and objective would not be required if Bukhansan was located within Seoul. In the 11th century Goryeo , which succeeded Unified Silla , built a summer palace in Seoul, which
9890-522: The opening set, becoming the third player to finish a season with 50+-0, excluding retirements, after Lindsay Davenport and Viktoria Azarenka. In the semifinals, she defeated Coco Gauff in one hour in straight sets, her seventh straight top-10 win, and reached the biggest final of her career. She became the first player in the Open Era to play the No. 1, No. 2, No. 3 and No. 4 player in the same tournament. In
10005-748: The pairing dropped only one set en route to the semifinals, before falling to the tenth seeds, Shuko Aoyama and Ena Shibahara . In February, Pegula reached the finals of the Qatar Ladies Open in both singles and doubles. It was Pegula's first WTA 500 singles final. She defeated former French Open champion Jelena Ostapenko and world No. 2, Petra Kvitová en route, before losing to top-ranked Iga Świątek, in straight sets. In doubles, she and Gauff defended their doubles title, defeating second seeds Lyudmyla Kichenok and Jelena Ostapenko in three sets. Pegula earned 305 singles and 470 doubles ranking points. In Dubai , she reached her first WTA 1000 semifinal for
10120-446: The same period fell by 19% across the country and more in Seoul and Gyeonggi. Asian dust , emissions from Seoul and in general from the rest of South Korea, as well as emissions from China, all contribute to Seoul's air quality. Besides air quality, greenhouse gas emissions represent hot issues in South Korea since the country is among top-10 strongest emitters in the world. Seoul is the strongest hotspot of greenhouse gas emissions in
10235-476: The same stage at Wimbledon to Mihaela Buzărnescu . Pegula achieved the best result of her career at the start of the North American hardcourt season when she won her first career singles title at the Washington Open , defeating Camila Giorgi in the final. This took her to a new career-high ranking of world No. 55. Despite failing to win another main-draw match the rest of the season, Pegula finished
10350-463: The same term [REDACTED] This disambiguation page lists articles associated with the title Pegula . If an internal link led you here, you may wish to change the link to point directly to the intended article. Retrieved from " https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Pegula&oldid=1160935399 " Categories : Disambiguation pages Disambiguation pages with surname-holder lists Hidden categories: Short description
10465-557: The same tournament in doubles with Desirae Krawczyk, she reached the final, which they lost to the duo Nicole Melichar-Martinez / Ellen Perez in straight sets. In Indian Wells , she lost her debut match to Anna Blinkova and in doubles , she reached the quarterfinals with her usual partner Gauff. At the next WTA 1000 in Miami , she reached the quarterfinals in singles defeating compatriot and 20th seed Emma Navarro before losing to 14th seed Ekaterina Alexandrova . After withdrawing from
10580-507: The season and fourth overall at the 2023 Korea Open . Jessica and Coco returned to top doubles ranking on October 23, 2023, after qualifying for the 2023 WTA Finals as a pair and also individually, becoming the first players to qualify in both disciplines in back-to-back years since Sara Errani in 2012–13. At the WTA Finals, where she qualified for a second year in a row, she recorded her first win ever at this tournament, and her 40th singles hardcourt win over Elena Rybakina in straight sets,
10695-483: The season defeating Viktoriya Tomova , Ana Bogdan and Karolína Muchová by walkover, before losing to eventual champion Krejčíková. At the Indian Wells Open , she reached the fourth round defeating 27th seed Anastasia Potapova coming from a set down. She repeated the feat at Miami where again she came back from a set down and won against 26th seed Potapova, saving two match points, to reach this time
10810-524: The season together and Pegula's fifth doubles title overall. As a result, she reached a new career-high doubles ranking of No. 4, on October 17, 2022. At the Guadalajara Open , she reached her second final at the WTA 1000 level defeating four former Grand Slam champions Elena Rybakina , Bianca Andreescu, and Sloane Stephens in the quarterfinals, and Victoria Azarenka in the semifinals. She defeated fourth seed Maria Sakkari in straight sets to win
10925-500: The season. Seeded eighth at the US Open , she reached the fourth round, defeating Viktorija Golubic , Aliaksandra Sasnovich , and qualifier Yuan Yue . Next she defeated 21st seed Petra Kvitová to reach her first quarterfinal at her home Grand Slam championship and the third major quarterfinal of the season, where she lost to world No. 1 Świątek for the third time this year. Despite the result, she moved to world No. 5, on September 12, 2022. On October 13 and 14, 2022, she qualified for
11040-402: The second and biggest singles title of her career, becoming the first American woman to win a WTA 1000 title since Madison Keys in 2019. At the same tournament, she also reached the quarterfinals in doubles with Gauff. As a result, she achieved new career-high rankings of world No. 3, in singles and in doubles, on October 24, 2022. On her debut at the WTA Finals , Pegula lost all her matches of
11155-464: The second time in the season, in three sets, to enter her third WTA 1000 final in which she defeated 15th seed Liudmila Samsonova 6–1, 6–0, in 49 minutes, to win her second WTA 1000 and third singles title. Following the US Open where she reached the fourth round in singles (losing to close friend Madison Keys) and the quarterfinals in doubles for the first time (falling to the reigning French Open champions Hsieh Su-wei and Wang Xinyu ), she became
11270-462: The semifinals with Gauff defeating fifth seeds Desirae Krawczyk and Demi Schuurs . They defeated Madison Keys / Sania Mirza in the semifinals and Nicole Melichar / Ellen Perez in the final to win their second WTA 1000 title together. As a result, Pegula reached top 10 in the doubles rankings, at world No. 8. At the Cincinnati Open , she reached back-to-back quarterfinals defeating tenth seed Emma Raducanu , her fourth WTA 1000 quarterfinal of
11385-521: The semifinals, after several match postponements due to a four hours rain delay. She became the first American woman to reach back to back semifinals in Miami since Serena Williams in 2014 and 2015. In doubles at the same tournament, she won her fifth overall and third WTA 1000 team title with her partner, Coco Gauff. They became the first all-American duo to win the Miami Open doubles title in 22 years, defeating Leylah Fernandez and Taylor Townsend in
11500-673: The stone wall of "Pyongyang Fortress", which was presumably built in the mid to late 6th century AD over period of 42 years, located in Pyongyang, while there is no evidence that Seoul had name Hanseong dating the three kingdoms and earlier period. In 568, Jinheung Taewang made another royal visit to the northern border, visited Hanseong, and stayed in Namcheon on his way back to the capital. During his stay, he set Jinheung Taewang Stele, abolished Bukhansan Province, and established Namcheon Province (남천주; 南川州; South River Province), appointing
11615-529: The system. Seoul has a humid continental ( Köppen : Dwa ) or humid subtropical climate ( Cwa , by −3 °C or 26.6 °F isotherm), influenced by the monsoons ; there is great variation in temperature and precipitation throughout the year. The suburbs of Seoul are generally cooler than the center of Seoul because of the urban heat island effect. Summers are hot and humid, with the East Asian monsoon taking place from June until September. August,
11730-454: The third American to do so, after Venus Williams (2010) and Serena Williams (2012 and 2013) in Madrid, where she lost to Ons Jabeur in three sets. As a result, she improved her career-high to No. 11 on May 9, 2022. Pegula reached the third round of the Italian Open as well, but lost to Aryna Sabalenka in straight sets. Seeded 11th at the French Open , Pegula advanced to the quarterfinals for
11845-545: The world No. 1 in doubles for the first time. At the same tournament, she also reached the mixed-doubles final with ATP doubles world No. 1, Austin Krajicek , which they lost to Anna Danilina and Harri Heliövaara , in straight sets. At the beginning of the Asian swing, she reached the final of the WTA 500 Japan Women's Open defeating Maria Sakkari, before losing to Veronika Kudermetova. She won her second singles title of
11960-537: The year ranked inside the top 100 for the first time, at No. 76. Pegula started her 2020 tennis season at the Auckland Open where she defeated CiCi Bellis in the first round. She followed this up with two more straight-set victories over Tamara Zidanšek and Alizé Cornet to reach the semifinals. There she beat Caroline Wozniacki in three sets to advance to her third Tour singles final. Facing off against 23-time Grand Slam singles winner Serena Williams for
12075-596: Was 24 micrograms per cubic meter (1.0 × 10 gr/cu ft), which is 2.4 times higher than that recommended by the WHO Air Quality Guidelines for the annual mean PM2.5. The Seoul Metropolitan Government monitors and publicly shares real-time air quality data. Since the early 1960s, the Ministry of Environment has implemented a range of policies and air pollutant standards to improve and manage air quality for its people. The "Special Act on
12190-636: Was also known by other various historical names, such as Bukhansan-gun (북한산군; 北漢山郡, during the Goguryeo era), Namcheon ( 남천 ; 南川 , during the Silla era), Hanyang ( 한양 ; 漢陽 , during the Northern and Southern States period ), Namgyeong (남경; 南京, during the Goryeo era), and Hanseong ( 한성 ; 漢城 , during the Joseon era). The word seoul was used colloquially to refer to the capital as early as
12305-497: Was estimated at 51.71 million, and according to the 2018 Population and Housing Census, 49.8% of the population resided in the Seoul metropolitan area. This was up by 0.7% from 49.1% in 2010, showing a distinct trend toward the concentration of the population in the capital. Seoul has become the economic, political and cultural hub of the country, with several Fortune Global 500 companies, including Samsung , SK Holdings , Hyundai , POSCO and LG Group headquartered there. Seoul
12420-460: Was floods because the area is low-lying and prone to flooding. Then Seoul mayor Kim Hyun-ok ordered construction of an expressway that doubled as embankment , which became the present-day Gangbyeon Expressway . The construction started in March 1967 and completed in September of the same year. Similar projects transformed previously flood-prone areas into usable land for development. Such areas include
12535-510: Was not Pyongyang, Taedong River was likely Han River, and Bukhansan was not Bukhansan during the three kingdoms period. Moreover, Pyongyang was a common noun meaning capital used by Goguryeo and Goryeo dynasties, similar to Seoul. In 603, Goguryeo attacked Bukhansanseong (북한산성; 北漢山城; Bukhan Mountain Fortress), which Silla ended up winning. In 604, Silla abolished Namcheon Province, and reestablished Bukhansan Province in order to strengthen
12650-490: Was paired with Taylor Townsend . They eventually lost in the third round to the third-seeded team of Vania King and Yaroslava Shvedova . In March 2012, Pegula was handed a wildcard to the qualifying draw in Indian Wells and surprised higher ranked players Bojana Jovanovski and Paula Ormaechea to qualify for the main draw where she lost to Magdaléna Rybáriková in three sets. Pegula made her major singles debut at
12765-483: Was partially finished around 1396. The city of Hanyang was governed by the Hanseongbu [ ko ] ( 한성부 ), an agency of the national government dedicated to affairs on the administration of the capital city. The Hanseongbu divided Hanyang into two major categories: areas inside the Fortress Wall, which were typically named Seong-jung ( 성중 ; 城中 ) or Doseong-an ( 도성 안 ; lit. Inside
12880-408: Was referred to as the "Southern Capital". It was only from this period that Seoul became a larger settlement. Seoul became the planned capital of Korea by Yi Seong-gye , the founding father of the Joseon dynasty. After enthroning himself as King at the capital of old Goryeo in 1392, Yi Seong-gye changed the name of his Kingdom from Goryeo to Joseon in 1393 and began his search for a place for
12995-524: Was temporarily called Hwangseong ( 황성 ; 皇城 ; lit. the imperial city). Much of modern development around this era was propelled by trade with foreign countries like France and the United States. For example, the Seoul Electric Company , Seoul Electric Trolley Company, and Seoul Fresh Spring Water Company were all joint Korean–U.S. owned enterprises. After the annexation treaty in 1910, Japan annexed Korea and renamed
13110-486: Was temporarily relocated to Busan . One estimate of the extensive damage states that after the war, at least 191,000 buildings, 55,000 houses, and 1,000 factories lay in ruins. In addition, a flood of refugees had entered Seoul during the war, swelling the population of the city and its metropolitan area to an estimated 1.5 million by 1955. Following the war, Seoul began to focus on reconstruction and modernization. As South Korea's economy started to grow rapidly from
13225-485: Was the most densely populated among OECD countries in Asia in 2012, and second worldwide after that of Paris . As of the end of June 2011, 10.29 million Republic of Korea citizens lived in the city. This was a 0.24% decrease from the end of 2010. The population was 10.44 million in 2012, and 9.86 million in 2015. As of 2021, Seoul's population is 9.59 million. The population of Seoul has been dropping since
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