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34-602: Located at the foot of the Sierra de Penàguila in Pre-Baetic Valencian domain, the municipality extends from Morro Ull (1050 m), west to the top of the Creueta, east, forming part of the northern slopes of the Sierra de Aitana and open to the pit of Alcoy . The term river running through Frainós or Penàguila, east of the town, which flows into the river Alcoy Serpis or when it reaches Cocentaina . Of Muslim origin,

68-451: A male heir meant they would be divided on his death. The Pragmatic Sanction of 19 April 1713 abolished male-only succession in all Habsburg realms and declared their lands indivisible, although the Diet of Hungary only approved it in 1723. Charles had three daughters, Maria Theresa (1717–1780), Maria Anna (1718–1744) and Maria Amalia (1724–1730) but no surviving sons. When Maria Theresa

102-445: A marriage for him. Their eyes fell upon Elisabeth Christine of Brunswick-Wolfenbüttel , the eldest child of Louis Rudolph, Duke of Brunswick-Wolfenbüttel . She was held to be strikingly beautiful by her contemporaries. When Charles succeeded his brother in 1711, he was the last male Habsburg heir in the direct line. Since Habsburg possessions were subject to Salic law , barring women from inheriting in their own right, his own lack of

136-610: A trading company, the Ostend Company , which was based in the Austrian Netherlands and that he himself founded in 1722. Other signatories included Britain, France , the Dutch Republic , Spain, Russia , Denmark-Norway and Savoy-Sardinia , but subsequent events underlined Prince Eugene of Savoy 's comment that the best guarantee was a powerful army and full treasury. Charles's nieces were married to

170-577: Is an industrial and university city, region and municipality located in the Valencian Community , Spain. The Serpis river crosses the municipal boundary of Alcoy. The local authority reported a population of 61,135 residents in 2018. The first traces of human presence in the area date to c. 60,000 years ago, when Neanderthal hunters settled here, in a site now called El Salt . A site with rock paintings , dating to c. 10,000/6,500 years ago, has been discovered near la Sarga. From around

204-569: Is minimal (41 ha) and is dedicated to horticultural crops and a variety of fruit. Agricultural activities are organized in cooperative farmers Virgen del Patrocinio. This article about a location in the Valencian Community, Spain, is a stub . You can help Misplaced Pages by expanding it . Alcoy, Spain Alcoy ( Spanish: [alˈkoj] ; Valencian : Alcoi [alˈkɔj] ; officially: Alcoy / Alcoi )

238-470: Is the financial, commercial and cultural center of the surrounding area. Alcoy hosts the oldest Cavalcade of Magi in the world. The Jesuset del Miracle is commemorated on the last day of January. The most important touristic celebration is Moros i Cristians , in April. The local football club CD Alcoyano is famous across Spain for a proverbial match in which they were facing a very adverse score. When

272-624: The Austrian Netherlands ), and Maria Amalia (who also died in infancy). Four years before the birth of Maria Theresa, faced with his lack of male heirs, Charles provided for a male-line succession failure with the Pragmatic Sanction of 1713 . The Emperor favoured his own daughters over those of his elder brother and predecessor, Joseph I, in the succession, ignoring the Mutual Pact of Succession he had signed during

306-675: The Austro-Turkish War (1716–1718) , adding Banat to Hungary and establishing direct Austrian rule over Serbia and Oltenia (Lesser Wallachia ). This extended Austrian rule to the lower Danube . The War of the Quadruple Alliance (1718–1720) followed. It too ended in an Austrian victory; by the Treaty of The Hague (1720) , Charles swapped Sardinia , which went to the Duke of Savoy, Victor Amadeus II , for Sicily ,

340-618: The Hofburg . In his Memoirs Voltaire wrote that Charles's death was caused by consuming a meal of death cap mushrooms. Charles's life opus, the Pragmatic Sanction, was ultimately in vain. Maria Theresa was forced to resort to arms to defend her inheritance from the coalition of Prussia, Bavaria, France, Spain, Saxony and Poland—all party to the sanction—who assaulted the Austrian frontier weeks after her father's death. During

374-683: The Kingdom of Sardinia —all previously possessions of the Spanish—were ceded to Austria. To prevent a union of Spain and France, Philip was forced to renounce his right to succeed his grandfather's throne. Charles was extremely discontented at the loss of Spain, and as a result, he mimicked the staid Spanish Habsburg court ceremonial, adopting the dress of a Spanish monarch, which, according to British historian Edward Crankshaw , consisted of "a black doublet and hose, black shoes and scarlet stockings". Charles's father and his advisors went about arranging

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408-531: The governor of Xàtiva , and until 1833, was part of the township of Alcoy . With the provincial division of 1833 it was included in the Province of Alicante . A little more than half of the municipal area is cropland (54%), the other half is forest land (46%). The breeding ground is practically all of dry (2,480 ha), where the predominant olive (over 1,400 ha), there are also almond (365 ha) and minor surfaces fruit trees (peaches, plums, apples). Irrigation

442-508: The Horse, Prince Schwarzenberg, and a hunter's boy. The love of his life was Michael Joseph, Count Althann, a groom of the bedchamber, whom he called "my only heart, my comfort...my soul mate", and with whom he slept regularly. Althann's death in 1722, after a relationship of nineteen years, devastated him. In 1737, the Emperor embarked on another Turkish War in alliance with Russia. Unlike

476-626: The construction of a castle on a strategic position over the Serpis river, to secure the southern frontier of the Kingdom of Valencia during the Reconquista . In 1291 the town was donated by King James II of Aragon to the Sicilian admiral Roger of Lauria ; it did not return to royal possession until 1430. During the War of Spanish Succession , Alcoy sided for the cause of archduke Charles , and

510-634: The engagement to Francis. At the end of the War of the Polish Succession, France demanded that Francis surrender the Duchy of Lorraine (his hereditary domain), to Stanisław Leszczyński, the deposed king of Poland, who would bequeath it to France at his death. Charles compelled Francis to renounce his rights to Lorraine and told him: "No renunciation, no archduchess." Charles had a number of sexual relationships with male courtiers, including his Master of

544-590: The ensuing War of the Austrian Succession , Maria Theresa saved her crown and most of her territory but lost the mineral-rich Duchy of Silesia to Prussia and the Duchy of Parma to Spain. Emperor Charles VI has been the main motif of many collectors' coins and medals. One of the most recent samples is high-value collectors' coin the Austrian Göttweig Abbey commemorative coin , minted on 11 October 2006. His portrait can be seen in

578-736: The first division of roller hockey in Spain. Charles VI, Holy Roman Emperor Charles VI ( German : Karl ; Latin : Carolus ; 1 October 1685 – 20 October 1740) was Holy Roman Emperor and ruler of the Austrian Habsburg monarchy from 1711 until his death, succeeding his elder brother, Joseph I . He unsuccessfully claimed the throne of Spain following the death of his relative, Charles II . In 1708, he married Elisabeth Christine of Brunswick-Wolfenbüttel , by whom he had his four children: Leopold Johann (who died in infancy), Maria Theresa , Maria Anna (Governess of

612-474: The imperial crown. Not wanting to see Austria and Spain in personal union again, the new Kingdom of Great Britain withdrew its support from the Austrian coalition, and the war culminated with the Treaties of Utrecht , Rastatt and Baden three years later. The former, ratified in 1713, recognised Philip as King of Spain; however, the Kingdom of Naples , the Duchy of Milan , the Austrian Netherlands and

646-518: The largest island in the Mediterranean, which was harder to defend than Sardinia. The treaty also recognised Philip V of Spain 's younger son, Don Carlos (the future Charles III of Spain ) as heir to the Duchy of Parma and Grand Duchy of Tuscany ; Charles had previously endorsed the succession of the incumbent Grand Duke's daughter, Anna Maria Luisa, Electress Palatine . Peace in Europe

680-599: The majority of the Holy Roman Empire endorsed Charles's candidature. He also received support in the Crown of Aragon , but not the Crown of Castile , which favoured Philip. Charles III, as he was known, disembarked in his kingdom in 1705, and stayed there for six years, only being able to exercise his rule in Catalonia , until the death of his brother, Joseph I, Holy Roman Emperor ; he returned to Vienna to assume

714-597: The manor belonged to the Fenollar family before it became part of the crown. Penàguila was a royal town with voting rights in the courts ( Corts Valencianes ). In contrary to other places in the area, Penàguila consisted of a largely Christian population , so the decree of expulsion of the Moors , in 1609, was a not important to its demographics: the 200 homes registered before expulsion were reduced to 145, and did not involve an excessive loss. Penàguila belonged until 1707 to

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748-506: The mid-3rd millennium BC people started to move from the caves to the plain where cereals were grown, while mountain fortifications were erected ( Mola Alta de Serelles , Mas del Corral , Mas de Menente , El Puig ). After the Roman conquest of the Iberians , several rural villas were built in the area, as well as a necropolis. The town was established in 1256 by James I of Aragon , with

782-501: The much smaller Duchy of Parma and Grand Duchy of Tuscany. The question of Charles's elder daughter's marriage was raised early in her childhood. She was first betrothed to Léopold Clément of Lorraine , who was supposed to come to Vienna and meet Maria Theresa. Instead, he died of smallpox in 1723, which upset Maria Theresa. Léopold Clément's younger brother, Francis Stephen , then came to Vienna to replace him. Charles considered other possibilities (such as Don Carlos) before announcing

816-642: The previous Austro-Turkish War, it ended in a decisive Austrian defeat. Much of the territory gained in 1718 (except for the Banat) was lost. Popular discontent at the costly war reigned in Vienna; Francis of Lorraine, Maria Theresa's husband, was dubbed a French spy by the Viennese. At the time of Charles's death, the Habsburg lands were saturated in debt; the exchequer contained a mere 100,000 florins; and desertion

850-584: The referee was about to close, the Alcoyano players kept asking for more time to score back and reach a draw. Thus the phrase tener más moral que el Alcoyano ("to have greater morale than Alcoyano") ponders an indefatigable person. Currently, they play in the Segunda División B at El Collao Stadium . The city is also home to PAS Alcoy , a Spanish roller hockey club, which plays in the OK Liga ,

884-483: The reign of his father, Leopold I . Charles sought the other European powers' approval. They demanded significant terms, among which were that Austria close the Ostend Company . In total, Great Britain , France , Saxony - Poland , the Dutch Republic , Spain , Venice , Papal States , Prussia , Russia , Denmark , Savoy-Sardinia , Bavaria , and the Diet of the Holy Roman Empire recognised

918-518: The rulers of Saxony and Bavaria, both of whom ultimately refused to be bound by the decision of the Imperial Diet. France, despite publicly agreeing to the Pragmatic Sanction in 1735, signed a secret treaty with Bavaria in 1738 promising to back the 'just claims' of Charles Albert of Bavaria. In the first part of his reign, the Habsburg monarchy continued to expand thanks to the success in

952-489: The sanction. France, Spain, Saxony-Poland, Bavaria and Prussia later reneged. Charles died in 1740, sparking the War of the Austrian Succession , which plagued his successor, Maria Theresa, for eight years. Archduke Charles (baptized Carolus Franciscus Josephus Wenceslaus Balthasar Johannes Antonius Ignatius ), the second son of the Emperor Leopold I and of his third wife, Princess Eleonore Magdalene of Neuburg ,

986-401: The villa was totally walled, and currently some ruins of the walls and towers remain. On April 8, 1276, James I promised Lacerates Berenguer Mayor Penàguila Castle, divide the lands of the same men who guard it strength. On September 26, 1278, Peter III granted Penàguila a town charter. In 1338, Pedro of Aragon ordered the fortification of the castle. During the fifteenth and sixteenth centuries

1020-572: Was born on 1 October 1685. Following the death of Charles II of Spain , in 1700, without any direct heir, Charles declared himself King of Spain—both were members of the House of Habsburg . The ensuing War of the Spanish Succession , which pitted France's candidate, Philip, Duke of Anjou , Louis XIV of France's grandson, against Austria's Charles, lasted for almost 14 years. The kingdoms of Portugal , England , Scotland , Ireland and

1054-422: Was born, he disinherited his nieces who were the daughters of his elder brother Joseph, Maria Josepha and Maria Amalia . It was this act that undermined the chances of a smooth succession as set out in a Pact arranged by his father, and obliged Charles to spend the rest of his reign seeking to ensure enforcement of the sanction from other European powers. Charles agreed to a demand from Britain that he close

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1088-637: Was rife in Austria's sporadic army, spread across the Empire in small, ineffective barracks. Contemporaries expected that Hungary would wrench itself from the Habsburg yoke upon his death. The Emperor, after a hunting trip across the Hungarian border in "a typical day in the wettest and coldest October in memory", fell seriously ill at the Favorita Palace , Vienna, and he died on 20 October 1740 in

1122-421: Was shattered by the War of the Polish Succession (1733–1738), a dispute over the throne of Poland between Augustus of Saxony , the previous king's elder son, and Stanisław Leszczyński . Austria supported the former, France the latter; thus, a war broke out. By the Treaty of Vienna (1738) , Augustus ascended the throne, but Charles had to give the kingdoms of Naples and Sicily to Don Carlos, in exchange for

1156-668: Was therefore besieged and stripped of numerous privileges, which started a period of decline. In 1873 the workers of Alcoy revolted in the Petroleum Revolution . Many outdoor rock paintings exist in Alcoy, and there are some ruins of an Iberian settlement with fragments of Greco - Roman pottery. Buildings with an artistic or historical interest in the city include: Alcoy has important industries related to textile , paper , food and metal . Furthermore, Alcoy has many factories that manufacture matches . Today, Alcoy

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