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45-542: Penafiel ( Portuguese pronunciation: [pɨnɐfiˈɛl] or ( Portuguese pronunciation: [ˌpenɐfiˈɛl] ) is a municipality and former bishopric (now a Latin Catholic titular see ) in the northern Portuguese district of Porto . Capital of the Tâmega Subregion , the population was 72,265 in 2011, in an area of 212.24 square kilometres (81.95 sq mi). The region

90-553: A centralized power, hindered his sister from receiving the titles and the corresponding rights. Afonso feared that something similar could happen with his two sisters, Teresa and Sancha, and their eventual heirs, creating a problem of sovereignty that could come to divide the country. Much of the Portuguese nobles sided with Mafalda and her sisters, but they were defeated. On the death of Afonso II, his son Sancho II granted some lands and castles to his aunts but he made them renounce

135-629: A deliberative body (the municipal assembly ). The municipal chamber is the executive body and is composed of the president of the municipality and a number of councillors proportional to the municipality's population. The municipal assembly is composed of the presidents of all the parishes that compose the municipality, as well as by a number of directly elected deputies, at least equal to the number of parish presidents plus one. Both bodies are elected for four years. Portugal has an entirely separate system of ceremonial cities and towns . Cities and towns are located in municipalities but often do not have

180-529: A greater area. The following chart show municipalities (as of 2023) with populations over 100,000. Around 190 municipalities have less than 20,000 inhabitants each. Mafalda of Portugal Upon the dissolution of the marriage, Mafalda returned to her homeland. She chose to become a Cistercian nun , and became noted for the holiness of her life. She was declared Blessed by the Catholic Church five centuries after her death. Mafalda of Portugal

225-407: A major religious center in the region for centuries. Returning from a pilgrimage to the shrine of Our Lady of Silva, she fell ill at Rio Tinto , Gondomar , and died at the monastery of Cistercians monks there on 1 May 1256. In 1616, wanting to return her body to Arouca as part of the process of her possible canonization , it was found not to have deteriorated, which generated a strong devotion to

270-458: A mixture of modern homes and rural dwellings in nature. Villages have houses made with small stones and granite, both of which are common in locality of Penafiel. Extraction industries, civil construction firms and commerce employs a large number of workers, in addition to a strong concentration of service sector activities, confirmed by a Penafiel's central place in the regional economy. Penafiel invested in new schools and renovating others during

315-522: A modern centre, marked by the evolution in its architecture from rudimentary stone dolmens to signeurial manorhouses and monumental estates. Penafiel began building its library in 1863. On 6 June 1917, a new Municipal Library of Penafiel was inaugurated, located on Avenue Araújo e Silva, which closed in October 1919, reopened to the public on 6 June 1927 and was transferred to a small lounge on Avenida Sacadura Cabral. The most popular/practised sport within

360-556: A privilege for supporting his cause. Arrifana de Sousa continued to grow as a centre of services and industry, supported by an annual fair on the feast day of São Martinho, resulting in the expansion of the urban environment to the upper elevations and the construction of the Church of the Misericórdia. Meanwhile, the nobles established their homes outside the town centre, preferring to live in their ancestral estates, established from

405-403: A social distinction based on population size and associated services and have no legal representation in law or constitution. Portugal has no unincorporated areas ; all the national territory belongs to a municipality, including uninhabited islands: Berlengas to Peniche , Desertas Islands to Santa Cruz , Selvagens Islands to Funchal , and Formigas Islets to Vila do Porto . Portugal

450-409: Is also involved in other athletics activities winning several national and international competitions. Municipalities of Portugal The municipality ( Portuguese : município or concelho ) is the second-level administrative subdivision of Portugal , as defined by the 1976 Constitution . As a general rule, each municipality is further subdivided into parishes ( freguesias );

495-444: Is divided into 18 continental districts ( Portuguese : distritos ) and two autonomous regions ( Portuguese : regiões autónomas ), Azores and Madeira . The table below is the distribution of the municipalities within these districts and the autonomous regions: The biggest municipalities are those located in rural and inland areas where the dominating property type is the latifundia , such as Beja , Évora , or Portalegre in

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540-473: Is rich in water resources, permitting intensive agriculture and extraction industries. The southwest extension of the municipality include a complex of Schist and Greywacke geology, resulting in mountainous, uncultivated and largely forest lands. An intermediary zone, dividing the littoral and mountainous regions, the region was an important transitory point, with lines of communication extending along inter-regional, land and fluvial networks. The first example

585-458: Is settled, but in dispersed enclaves, supported by small industry and commerce, while newer residential homes juxtaposition older rural dwellings. These older homes are usually maintained by part-time farming families and seniors, perpetuated by intense migration and facilitated by their proximity to major roadways. The municipality is administered by the following civil parishes ( freguesias ): The parishes are, largely, semi-industrialized, with

630-652: The 19th century after the administrative reforms conducted by the middle of the 19th century by the governments of the constitutional monarchy . The concelhos probably formed after the expulsion of the Visigothic rulers by the Moors during the Umayyad conquest of Hispania . Towns were thus left free to govern themselves, and the population started to organize in councils ( concelhos in Portuguese) in order to govern

675-438: The 20th century, maintaining several kindergartens, primary and secondary schools. The municipal council is responsible for maintaining several health centres, clinics and hospital, with Padre Américo Hospital situated in the parish of Guilhufe. The council has some train stations in their territory of buses throughout the country and a vast road system. Penafiel is the centre for therapeutic treatments and spas, highlighted by

720-568: The São Vicente Spa and the Inatel Entre-os Rios Spa. The São Vicente is known for the characteristic quality of its waters: the spa is known for the hyper-mineralized waters, that include concentrated sulphurous and carbonaceous akline silicates and fluoridated water. It is considered the most alkaline among the sulphurous waters of Portugal and Europe, with temperatures of about 18.5 °C (65.3 °F), advocated for

765-599: The archaeological "city of the dead" in Citânia de Monte Mozinho . One of the largest in the Iberian Peninsula, it was the precursor to the Galician organized community of Cividade Gallaeci ; the hill fort is dotted with traces of various cultures: Galician-Lusitanian, Roman, Visigoth and Moorish. There different legends that indicate the origins of the name Penafiel , although the common thread associates it with

810-676: The creation of the See was inspired by the wish of king's de facto reigning Prime Minister, the Marquess of Pombal, to punish the Bishop of Porto by depriving him of most of his diocese – the whole comarca di Penafiel (administrative district), comprising 102 parishes, even some in ferguesias (suburbs) of the great Porto port city. The Pope appointed the Carmelite Friar Inácio de São Caetano (born 1718.07.31), confessor of

855-485: The diocese, incorporating its administration (once more) into the mother Diocese of Porto, which it remains part of. The Church of Our Lady of Mercy , which had been bombarded its cathedral, lost that status without being made co-cathedral. In 1969 the diocese was nominally restored as Latin Titular bishopric of Penafiel (Portuguese) / Pintien(sis) (Latin adjective). It has had the following incumbents, mostly of

900-614: The fitting Episcopal (lowest) rank, with an archiepiscopal exception : The municipality extends within an area of 212.2 square kilometres (81.9 sq mi), in a confluence of river valleys marked by the Douro , Tâmega and Sousa Rivers, connecting the littoral region and the Transmontana zone. It is a landscape of deep valleys, with intense irrigated zones and pasturelands, with fields encircled by forests of pine and eucalyptus. This inter-fluvial region have granite soils and

945-695: The future Queen Maria I of Portugal (then Princess of Brazil), as its first prelate. But he would never administer the Diocese (as he was in Brazil), and was eventually convinced by the Queen to give-up the bishopric, consoled with a nominal promotion as Titular Archbishop of Thessalonica (1778.12.14 – death 1788.11.29), while she successfully requested the Holy See to undo the See creation. On 11 November 1778, Pope Pius VI decided by motu proprio to extinguish

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990-498: The historian Egas Moniz Ribadouro, schoolmaster of Afonso Henriques. Other noble houses of medieval period include Barbosa de Honor (Rans), with its tower overlooking agricultural lands, or the transformed tower of Coreixas (Irivo). Romanesque religious architecture proliferated during the post-Roman period; the Romanesque temple of Boelhe or Church of São Salvador da Gândara (venerating a deceased saint's skull) attracted pilgrims to

1035-633: The infusion of new revenues and facilitated growth in population and size. There are 308 municipalities in Portugal: 278 in mainland Portugal , 19 in the autonomous region of the Azores , and 11 in Madeira . They are usually named for their biggest city, or at least, their historically most important city or town. However, the municipality is not synonymous with the city (or urban centre) and can include various towns or cities. In Portugal, cities/towns are

1080-475: The interior. Penafiel has a Mediterranean climate ( Köppen : Csb ) with cool to mild, rainy winters and warm to hot, dry summers With 28 civil parishes it includes a resident population of 72,000 inhabitants (approximately 338.4 people per kilometre square), integrated into the Associação de Municípios do Vale do Sousa ( Vale de Sousa Municipal Association ) and NUTSIII Tâmega Subregion . The region

1125-546: The land rents and businesses and overseas commerce. By law, during the reign of King Joseph (dated 3 March 1770), the place name was officially changed to Penafiel and the status of city conferred. On 1 June 1770, by papal bull issued by Pope Clement XIV , the Diocese of Penafiel was established, separating it from the ecclesiastical Diocese of Porto , apparently as suffragan of the Metropolitan Archdiocese of Braga . Rather than for pastoral reasons,

1170-424: The literary festival Escritaria and the agricultural fair Agrival , which had its basis in the traditional medieval fairs. The region of Penafiel is known for a history dating to the pre-historic period, marked by dolmens, petroglyphs, necropoli and fortified settlements constructed of stone. But, over time and through the influence of various cultural groups (Romans, Visigoths, Moors) the area began to evolve into

1215-526: The many forts situated in the locality. With the consolidation and incorporation into the Roman world, these hill forts were reorganized and moved down from the hilltops, dispersing into concentrated settlements in open areas and encircled by cultivated parcels, such as in Bouça do Ouro (Boelhe). The Roman spa town of São Vicente do Pinheiro was an example of these centres, developing around the natural resources in

1260-436: The medieval bridge of Cepeda was an ideal local to build an urban community to specialize in services, artesnal commerce and sale of manufactured goods, supported by a medieval fair. The area was known as Arrifana de Sousa. Legend suggests that name came from the name Ariana (the daughter of Hermenegildo González and D. Mumadona Dias) who, following her father's death, inherited the land in the 10th century. At its founding, it

1305-434: The municipalities in the north of the country usually have a higher number of parishes. Six municipalities are composed of only one parish, and Barcelos , with 61 parishes, has the most. Corvo is, by law, the only municipality with no parishes. Since the creation of a democratic local administration, in 1976, the Portuguese municipalities have been ruled by a system composed of an executive body (the municipal chamber ) and

1350-484: The municipality is football (soccer), leading hundreds of young people to the existing clubs. The largest club, F.C. Penafiel , was founded in 1951 and has regular presence on many levels of professional Portuguese seasons. During the 2014–2015 season, the club played in the Premier League after obtaining a rise from the previous season, finishing in 3rd place behind Moreirense (Champion) and FC Porto B. The club

1395-451: The region, as did the Church of Abragão, the late-Gothic Church of São Miguel da Eja and the funerary memorial of Ermida (Irivo). During this time emerged a new reality: a fortified settlement that developed in the parish of Moazares, home of the Romanesque church of Santa Luzia (circled by sculpted tombs) was along the banks of the river, along the roadway from Porto and crossing the Sousa at

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1440-602: The region. In addition, vains of gold interspersed in the Schist and Quartzite quarries attracted Roman settlers from the empire, resulting in an intense artisanal economy, supported by the circulation of a single currency, culture and language. In the 9th century, activity became concentrated in the Civitas Anegia on the headwaters of the Tâmega and Douro, that dominated the lands along margins of those rivers. This civitas

1485-502: The same boundaries, even they are continuously built up. There are around twice as many cities and towns as there are municipalities. The municipality has been the most stable subdivision of Portugal since the foundation of the country in the 12th century. They have their origin in the foral , a legal document, issued by the King of Portugal , which assigned privileges to a town or a region. The present subdivisions have their origins in

1530-488: The south, and also in other less populated areas, such as Bragança or Castelo Branco . The most populous municipalities are those located near the sea, and especially around the metropolitan areas of Lisbon , Porto , and Braga , while the less populous municipalities are located in the inland regions of Alentejo and Trás-os-Montes . The municipalities with the lowest population densities are also found in these inland regions, with smaller populations distributed over

1575-532: The title of princess-queen. The final peace came in 1223. In 1215, a political marriage was arranged between Mafalda and her young cousin Henry I of Castile . As he was about ten years old, the marriage was never consummated, and it was dissolved the following year on grounds of consanguinity. She then returned to Portugal. In 1220, Mafalda chose not to marry again and became a nun at the Abbey of Arouca , though she

1620-480: The town and surrounding lands. These were also a reminder of Roman municipalities. The existence since the Middle Ages of a large number of small municipalities with no financial resources and without people qualified to take part in municipal councils caused the stagnation of their growth. The Liberal revolution of 1836, resulted in the suppression/annexation of many of these smaller municipalities, which allowed

1665-458: The treatment of respiratory diseases and musculo-skeletal system ailments. Magikland (formerly Bracalândia), one of the largest Portuguese theme parks, is located in Penafiel. Tourism is cyclical in the region, influence by the staggering of religious and secular activities, but marked by special events throughout the year, particularly around the religious feast of São Martinho. This includes

1710-462: Was a new Christian, who raised a Manueline chapel to the Holy Spirit (and who erected his bronze funerary tomb). As it grew, Arrifana assumed as patron saint São Martinho (Marin), and in the middle of the 16th century, a new Mannerist temple was constructed over the old chapel of João Correia. The lands continued as an administrative dependency of Porto, until King D. John I conceded it

1755-486: Was born around 1195, the daughter of King Sancho I of Portugal and his queen, Dulce of Aragon. On the death of her father, Mafalda, under the provisions of his will, was to receive the Seia Castle and the remaining portion of the municipality as well as all income produced there. Furthermore, she was granted the right to use the title of queen. This created a conflict with her brother Afonso II O Gordo , who, wanting

1800-580: Was dominated by two castles: one along the northern bank of the Sousa river, called the Castle of Aguiar de Sousa and the second along the southern margin, called Pena . The town was attacked several times by Moors, but, owing to its resistance was referred to in Latin as Pennafidelis , shortened to the Castle of Penafiel . By the 13th century, many of the plots of land were owned by Castile's ex-Queen Mafalda of Portugal . The civil parish of Arrifana de Sousa

1845-488: Was established in the sixteenth century. In the same century, in 1519, King Manuel I of Portugal granted the region a foral ( charter ) that raised the settlement to the status of village. Yet, its change would only occur in the reign of King D. John V (by decree on 7 October 1741). The site was crossed by various roads, where João Correia, a rich Portoense merchant with contracts in Flanders established his home; he

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1890-552: Was granted a special dispensation to retain control of her inheritance. She became abbess of the community, then one of Benedictine nuns, and in 1226 had her request to transfer the abbey to the Cistercian Order granted by the pope. She had a great devotion to Our Lady of Silva and made substantial donations to the shrine. She also had a hospice for travelers built as well as a number of bridges, churches, monasteries, and hospitals. She helped to establish her own abbey as

1935-496: Was occupied since pre-history, as evidenced by the proliferation of megalithic monuments, stone settlements and castros . This includes the Menhir of Luzim, a 2.5 metres (8.2 ft) tall stone dating to an occupation of 3–4000 years B.C. Similarly, in the civil parish of Luzim, are the rock engravings that have existed for 3000 years. In addition, there are various rock forts ( castros ), subject of archaeological studies, such as

1980-549: Was the "royal roadways" that date to the medieval period, that connect Porto and the Trás-os-Montes, that resulted the development of the urban centre, that was a fulcrum in supporting transiting peoples and goods. The Douro was an important link and penetrated the interior, while the flanks of the Alto Douro were used to produce vineyards. The "Entre-os-Rios" district was also an important part in supporting travel along

2025-477: Was the precursor of Penafiel de Canas, an area that assumed an import role, but occupied a smaller area and embryonic place that concentrated on agriculture and fishing. The lands were seats of the Romanesque ecclesiastical seigneurs of the Benedictine monasteries of Paço de Sousa and Bustelo . Supporting a rich cultural influence, Paço de Sousa boasted a magnificent Romanesque architecture and gave shelter to

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