49-783: The Penobscot Narrows Bridge is a 2,120-foot-long (650 m) cable-stayed bridge that carries US 1 / SR 3 over the Penobscot River . It connects Verona Island to Prospect , in the U.S. state of Maine . It opened in December 2006, replacing the Waldo–Hancock Bridge , built in 1931. The Penobscot Narrows Bridge is one of three bridges in the US (the others being the Zakim Bridge in Boston, Massachusetts , and
98-460: A 2-span or 3-span cable-stayed bridge, the loads from the main spans are normally anchored back near the end abutments by stays in the end spans. For more spans, this is not the case and the bridge structure is less stiff overall. This can create difficulties in both the design of the deck and the pylons. Examples of multiple-span structures in which this is the case include Ting Kau Bridge , where additional 'cross-bracing' stays are used to stabilise
147-463: A significant number of people who fish. Winter Harbor's fishing activities were once dwarfed by the economic activity associated with a naval base, but now that the naval base has closed, fishing activity will most likely be the dominant economic activity in the community. Salmon farming is also popular in the area and Maine Salmon is an important export. Hancock County has the longest coastline of any Maine county. Commercial fishing and tourism are
196-679: Is a cable-stayed bridge with a more substantial bridge deck that, being stiffer and stronger, allows the cables to be omitted close to the tower and for the towers to be lower in proportion to the span. The first extradosed bridges were the Ganter Bridge and Sunniberg Bridge in Switzerland. The first extradosed bridge in the United States, the Pearl Harbor Memorial Bridge was built to carry I-95 across
245-507: Is optimal for spans longer than cantilever bridges and shorter than suspension bridges. This is the range within which cantilever bridges would rapidly grow heavier, and suspension bridge cabling would be more costly. Cable-stayed bridges were being designed and constructed by the late 16th century, and the form found wide use in the late 19th century. Early examples, including the Brooklyn Bridge , often combined features from both
294-499: Is water. The county high point is Cadillac Mountain , 1527 feet, the highest summit on the U.S. Atlantic seaboard. The county is home to Acadia National Park , the only national park in New England, which is centered on Mount Desert Island , Maine's largest island and surrounded by several large bays. The county also lies on the eastern side of both Penobscot Bay and the mouth of the Penobscot River , which can be crossed via
343-577: The College of the Atlantic at Bar Harbor. The American Lung Association issues annual State of the Air reports. Their current score card gives Hancock county an "F" for ozone pollution, the only Maine county to receive an F score. The county's Commissioners are William F. Clark, John Wombacher and Paul Paradis. From 1856 to 1988, Hancock County was a Republican stronghold, with Democrats only carrying
392-608: The Penobscot Narrows Bridge , completed in 2006, and the Veterans' Glass City Skyway , completed in 2007. A self-anchored suspension bridge has some similarity in principle to the cable-stayed type in that tension forces that prevent the deck from dropping are converted into compression forces vertically in the tower and horizontally along the deck structure. It is also related to the suspension bridge in having arcuate main cables with suspender cables, although
441-426: The Penobscot Narrows Bridge . The county extends inland from the coast, making it one of Maine's eight coastal counties. As of the census of 2000, there were 51,791 people, 21,864 households, and 14,233 families living in the county. The population density was 33 people per square mile (13 people/km ). There were 33,945 housing units at an average density of 21 per square mile (8.1/km ). The racial makeup of
490-486: The Theodor Heuss Bridge (1958). However, this involves substantial erection costs, and more modern structures tend to use many more cables to ensure greater economy. Cable-stayed bridges may appear to be similar to suspension bridges , but they are quite different in principle and construction. In suspension bridges, large main cables (normally two) hang between the towers and are anchored at each end to
539-497: The Veterans' Glass City Skyway in Toledo, Ohio ) constructed recently using a cradle system that carries the strands within the stays from bridge deck to bridge deck, as a continuous element, eliminating anchorages in the pylons. Each epoxy-coated steel strand is carried inside the cradle in a one-inch steel tube. Each strand acts independently, allowing for removal, inspection and replacement of individual strands. The cable-stay system
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#1732772355810588-451: The live load of traffic crossing the bridge. The tension on the main cables is transferred to the ground at the anchorages and by downwards compression on the towers. In cable-stayed bridges, the towers are the primary load-bearing structures that transmit the bridge loads to the ground. A cantilever approach is often used to support the bridge deck near the towers, but lengths further from them are supported by cables running directly to
637-484: The "agriculture, forestry and fisheries" industry, though 1,206 indicated "farming, forestry and fishing occupations." The U.S. Census data are not dependable for determining the numbers of individuals involved in the fishing industry. Only firms with 10 or more employees must report their numbers, as well as firms paying workmen's compensation insurance. Because the majority of fishermen in Maine are considered self-employed,
686-483: The 100 best innovations of the year. The total project cost was $ 85 million. The bridge was designed as an emergency replacement for the Waldo–Hancock Bridge. Just 42 months elapsed from conception to completion. A unique project delivery method, referred to as "owner facilitated design/build", partnered Maine DOT with FIGG as the designer and Cianbro /Reed & Reed LLC as the contractor. The elevator system in
735-410: The 24,221 households, 24.4% had children under the age of 18 living with them, 48.9% were married couples living together, 8.2% had a female householder with no husband present, 38.8% were non-families, and 30.3% of all households were made up of individuals. The average household size was 2.20 and the average family size was 2.71. The median age was 46.3 years. The median income for a household in
784-507: The Donzère-Mondragon canal at Pierrelatte is one of the first of the modern type, but had little influence on later development. The steel-decked Strömsund Bridge designed by Franz Dischinger (1955) is, therefore, more often cited as the first modern cable-stayed bridge. Other key pioneers included Fabrizio de Miranda , Riccardo Morandi , and Fritz Leonhardt . Early bridges from this period used very few stay cables, as in
833-636: The Quinnipiac River in New Haven, Connecticut, opening in June 2012. A cradle system carries the strands within the stays from the bridge deck to bridge deck, as a continuous element, eliminating anchorages in the pylons. Each epoxy-coated steel strand is carried inside the cradle in a one-inch (2.54 cm) steel tube. Each strand acts independently, allowing for removal, inspection, and replacement of individual strands. The first two such bridges are
882-428: The age of 18 living with them, 53.50% were married couples living together, 8.10% had a female householder with no husband present, and 34.90% were non-families. 27.90% of all households were made up of individuals, and 11.60% had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older. The average household size was 2.31 and the average family size was 2.81. In the county, the population was spread out, with 22.30% under
931-467: The age of 18, 7.40% from 18 to 24, 27.50% from 25 to 44, 26.80% from 45 to 64, and 16.00% who were 65 years of age or older. The median age was 41 years. For every 100 females there were 95.70 males. For every 100 females age 18 and over, there were 92.10 males. The median income for a household in the county was $ 35,811, and the median income for a family was $ 43,216. Males had a median income of $ 30,461 versus $ 22,647 for females. The per capita income for
980-409: The bridge deck. A distinctive feature are the cables or stays , which run directly from the tower to the deck, normally forming a fan-like pattern or a series of parallel lines. This is in contrast to the modern suspension bridge , where the cables supporting the deck are suspended vertically from the main cable, anchored at both ends of the bridge and running between the towers. The cable-stayed bridge
1029-503: The bridge in May 2015 which connect users to a suicide hotline. The phones cost $ 30,000. State officials were aware of instances the phones were not functional, and increased inspections of them to weekly from the previous monthly. They could not determine if the phones were functional when a March 5, 2017 suicide, the first since the phones were installed, occurred. The phones were found to be out of order on June 23, 2017, when an abandoned car on
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#17327723558101078-600: The bridge resulted in a search of the Penobscot River by authorities looking for its driver. The emergency phones on the Penobscot Narrows Bridge were reported out of order following another suicide in 2021. They were subsequently replaced. In May 2022, the Maine legislature was reportedly planning to "pull together a study group on suicides by bridge." The bridge was closed for the first time on December 29, 2013, after ice chunks began falling from
1127-405: The cable-stayed and suspension designs. Cable-stayed designs fell from favor in the early 20th century as larger gaps were bridged using pure suspension designs, and shorter ones using various systems built of reinforced concrete . It returned to prominence in the later 20th century when the combination of new materials, larger construction machinery, and the need to replace older bridges all lowered
1176-562: The cable-stayed bridge are balanced so that the supporting towers do not tend to tilt or slide and so must only resist horizontal forces from the live loads. The following are key advantages of the cable-stayed form: There are four major classes of rigging on cable-stayed bridges: mono , harp , fan, and star . There are also seven main arrangements for support columns: single , double , portal , A-shaped , H-shaped , inverted Y and M-shaped . The last three are hybrid arrangements that combine two arrangements into one. Depending on
1225-693: The combination of technologies created a stiffer bridge. John A. Roebling took particular advantage of this to limit deformations due to railway loads in the Niagara Falls Suspension Bridge . The earliest known surviving example of a true cable-stayed bridge in the United States is E.E. Runyon's largely intact steel or iron Bluff Dale Suspension bridge with wooden stringers and decking in Bluff Dale, Texas (1890), or his weeks earlier but ruined Barton Creek Bridge between Huckabay, Texas and Gordon, Texas (1889 or 1890). In
1274-465: The county was $ 19,809. About 7.00% of families and 10.20% of the population were below the poverty line , including 11.90% of those under age 18 and 9.50% of those age 65 or over. The 1990 Census counted 46,948, though the 1998 population estimate is 49,932.1 The gender division was 22,996 males, 23,952 females in 1989. Ninety-nine percent of the population was white (46,446), 121 American Indians, 249 Asians, 79 Blacks and 52 "other" Sixty-six percent of
1323-420: The county was $ 47,533 and the median income for a family was $ 60,092. Males had a median income of $ 41,046 versus $ 32,444 for females. The per capita income for the county was $ 26,876. About 6.8% of families and 11.5% of the population were below the poverty line , including 17.2% of those under age 18 and 7.3% of those age 65 or over. Of employed persons 16 years and over in 1990, 1,108 indicated involvement in
1372-551: The county was 97.61% White , 0.25% Black or African American, 0.37% Native American, 0.38% Asian, 0.03% Pacific Islander, 0.20% from other races, and 1.15% from two or more races. 0.65% of the population were Hispanic or Latino of any race. The largest ancestry groups in Hancock County, Maine according to the 2000 census are: 96.8% spoke English , 1.5% French and 1.0% Spanish as their first language. There were 21,864 households, out of which 28.20% had children under
1421-607: The county's most important industries. Hancock County is home to Acadia National Park (the only national park in Maine or the New England region, excluding the national sea shore on Cape Cod) and Cadillac Mountain (the highest point in Maine's coastal region). Jackson Laboratory , noted for cancer research, is located in Bar Harbor . Two institutions of higher education are located in Hancock County: Maine Maritime Academy at Castine and
1470-572: The design, the columns may be vertical or angled or curved relative to the bridge deck. A side-spar cable-stayed bridge uses a central tower supported only on one side. This design allows the construction of a curved bridge. Far more radical in its structure, the Puente del Alamillo (1992) uses a single cantilever spar on one side of the span, with cables on one side only to support the bridge deck. Unlike other cable-stayed types, this bridge exerts considerable overturning force upon its foundation and
1519-436: The ground. This can be difficult to implement when ground conditions are poor. The main cables, which are free to move on bearings in the towers, bear the load of the bridge deck. Before the deck is installed, the cables are under tension from their own weight. Along the main cables smaller cables or rods connect to the bridge deck, which is lifted in sections. As this is done, the tension in the cables increases, as it does with
Penobscot Narrows Bridge and Observatory - Misplaced Pages Continue
1568-532: The ice had fallen by that afternoon, it was feared that reopening the bridge would shake more ice onto the bridge deck. MaineDOT also ruled out sending crews onto the bridge cables to remove the ice as too dangerous, but by the following day they were considering bringing in heavy equipment to knock ice off the cables. The bridge reopened on December 30, 2013, after being closed just one day but closed again January 5, 2014, for at least another day, "in anticipation that
1617-665: The ice would melt as temperatures moderated for the first time in days." The bridge was briefly closed on December 7, 2017, when a woman armed with a shotgun was seen walking across the bridge from the Prospect side to the Verona Island side and then sat on the deck. After closing the bridge, Maine State Police officers negotiated with the woman by loudspeaker, and she surrendered after approximately 20 minutes. Cable-stayed bridge A cable-stayed bridge has one or more towers (or pylons ), from which cables support
1666-450: The nearby Fort Knox State Historic Site , the Penobscot River , and Penobscot Bay . The Penobscot Narrows Observatory opened to the general public on May 19, 2007. It is open at the same times of the year as Fort Knox (May 1 to October 31). The elevator has had a series of technical problems, including one on July 1, 2014, when 13 people were temporarily stuck in the observatory due to the elevator doors not opening. The bridge has been
1715-601: The new bridge, but no special fencing or other action was taken. On February 26, 2014, in the wake of another suicide from the bridge, independent Rep. Joe Brooks of Winterport proposed emergency legislation to the Maine Legislature to require the installation of a suicide barrier on the bridge. This proposal was rejected due to cost, as a barrier was estimated to cost between $ 500,000 and $ 1 million, plus additional costs for regular inspections. As an alternative, two solar-powered phones were installed on each end of
1764-407: The population of Hancock County are Mainers by birth, three percent were born outside the US. Of the 31,475 persons over 25 years old, 83% (26,214) had a high school degree or higher. Twenty-one percent had a bachelor's degree or higher. As of the 2010 United States census , there were 54,418 people, 24,221 households, and 14,834 families living in the county. The population density
1813-466: The population was 55,478. Its county seat is Ellsworth . The county was incorporated on June 25, 1789, and named for John Hancock , the first governor of the Commonwealth of Massachusetts . According to the U.S. Census Bureau , the county has a total area of 2,345 square miles (6,070 km ), of which 1,587 square miles (4,110 km ) is land and 758 square miles (1,960 km ) (32%)
1862-547: The pylons; Millau Viaduct and Mezcala Bridge , where twin-legged towers are used; and General Rafael Urdaneta Bridge , where very stiff multi-legged frame towers were adopted. A similar situation with a suspension bridge is found at both the Great Seto Bridge and San Francisco–Oakland Bay Bridge where additional anchorage piers are required after every set of three suspension spans – this solution can also be adapted for cable-stayed bridges. An extradosed bridge
1911-517: The relative price of these designs. Cable-stayed bridges date back to 1595, where designs were found in Machinae Novae , a book by Croatian - Venetian inventor Fausto Veranzio . Many early suspension bridges were cable-stayed construction, including the 1817 footbridge Dryburgh Abbey Bridge , James Dredge 's patented Victoria Bridge, Bath (1836), and the later Albert Bridge (1872) and Brooklyn Bridge (1883). Their designers found that
1960-410: The self-anchored type lacks the heavy cable anchorages of the ordinary suspension bridge. Unlike either a cable-stayed bridge or a suspension bridge, the self-anchored suspension bridge must be supported by falsework during construction and so it is more expensive to construct. Hancock County, Maine Hancock County is a county located in the U.S. state of Maine . As of the 2020 census ,
2009-641: The site of at least twelve suicides since its opening; more are suspected. This included the Rev. Robert Carlson, a well-known figure in the Bangor area, who was found in the Penobscot River beneath the bridge on November 13, 2011. Other suicidal people have been talked down from the bridge before they jumped. Before the bridge opened, MaineDOT was aware of many suicide attempts from the Waldo-Hancock Bridge and discussed possible pedestrian safety measures for
Penobscot Narrows Bridge and Observatory - Misplaced Pages Continue
2058-512: The spar must resist the bending caused by the cables, as the cable forces are not balanced by opposing cables. The spar of this particular bridge forms the gnomon of a large garden sundial . Related bridges by the architect Santiago Calatrava include the Puente de la Mujer (2001), Sundial Bridge (2004), Chords Bridge (2008), and Assut de l'Or Bridge (2008). Cable-stayed bridges with more than three spans involve significantly more challenging designs than do 2-span or 3-span structures. In
2107-404: The statistics underreport fishing employment. Cranberry Isles, Deer Isle, Frenchboro, Gouldsboro, Southwest Harbor, Stonington, Swans Island and Tremont (Bass Harbor) were identified by a key respondent as fisheries dependent. Bar Harbor, Brooklin, Brooksville, Hancock, Lamoine, Mount Desert, Penobscot, Sedgwick, Sorrento and Sullivan were also noted as having either significant fishing activity or
2156-410: The support cables onto the bridge deck. The ice was present from a storm on December 22, but did not fall off until the 29th due to cold weather. Hancock County Sheriff's Deputies began receiving reports of damaged cars that morning and upon inspection recommended to MaineDOT that the bridge be closed. At least five vehicles were damaged and two destroyed by the ice. While MaineDOT estimated that 70% of
2205-488: The tower, which is claimed to be the fastest and tallest elevator in Maine, was installed by Stanley Elevator Company, Inc. The Penobscot Bridge site is home to the Penobscot Narrows Observatory , the first bridge observation tower in the United States and the tallest public bridge observatory in the world. it is located in the 420-foot (128 m) west tower, allowing visitors to view the bridge,
2254-411: The towers. That has the disadvantage, unlike for the suspension bridge, that the cables pull to the sides as opposed to directly up, which requires the bridge deck to be stronger to resist the resulting horizontal compression loads, but it has the advantage of not requiring firm anchorages to resist the horizontal pull of the main cables of the suspension bridge. By design, all static horizontal forces of
2303-529: The twentieth century, early examples of cable-stayed bridges included A. Gisclard's unusual Cassagnes bridge (1899), in which the horizontal part of the cable forces is balanced by a separate horizontal tie cable, preventing significant compression in the deck, and G. Leinekugel le Coq's bridge at Lézardrieux in Brittany (1924). Eduardo Torroja designed a cable-stayed aqueduct at Tempul in 1926. Albert Caquot 's 1952 concrete-decked cable-stayed bridge over
2352-516: Was 34.3 inhabitants per square mile (13.2/km ). There were 40,184 housing units at an average density of 25.3 per square mile (9.8/km ). The racial makeup of the county was 96.9% white, 0.8% Asian, 0.4% American Indian, 0.4% black or African American, 0.3% from other races, and 1.2% from two or more races. Those of Hispanic or Latino origin made up 1.1% of the population. In terms of ancestry, 24.0% were English , 19.8% were American , 15.2% were Irish , 9.0% were German , and 7.2% were Scottish . Of
2401-431: Was designed with a system that uses pressurized nitrogen gas to defend against corrosion. In June 2007, six reference strands within three stays were replaced with carbon fiber strands — a first in the United States. Monitoring on the strands will evaluate this material for future use in bridge designs. These engineering innovations helped the bridge appear in the December 2006 edition of Popular Science as one of
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