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72-501: Penmachno is a village in the isolated upland Machno valley, 4 miles (6 km) south of Betws-y-Coed in the county of Conwy , North Wales . The B4406 road runs through part of the village. The village is at the confluence of the Glasgwm and Machno rivers. It has a five-arched, stone bridge dating from 1785. The village has been referred to as Pennant Machno , Llandudclyd and Llan dutchyd in historical sources. According to

144-508: A clas . It has been suggested that Iorwerth ab Owain Gwynedd (1145-1174), also known as Iorwerth Drwyndwn , the father of Llywelyn the Great , was buried in the oldest church, and that a sixth stone slab in the present church (a 13th-century gravestone) marked his grave. The church is kept locked; the key can be obtained by asking at a neighbouring house. The holy well of St Tudclud is in

216-618: A Victorian theme park . Chief engineer George Croydon Marks designed all the AIC developments, including the United Kingdom's second longest funicular railway, which takes passengers up a 50% gradient to a park and camera obscura. Aberystwyth hosted the National Eisteddfod in 1865, 1916, 1952 and 1992. On the night of Friday, 14 January 1938, a storm with estimated wind speeds of up to 90 mph (140 km/h) struck

288-537: A hill in Penparcau overlooking Aberystwyth, indicates that the site was inhabited before 700 BC. On a hill south of the present town, across the River Ystwyth, are the remains of a medieval ringfort believed to be the castle from which Princess Nest was abducted. This rare survival is now on private land and can only be accessed by arrangement. The recorded history of Aberystwyth may be said to date from

360-507: A hill over the south bank of the Ystwyth River, thus giving the settlement of Aberystwyth its name. The location is now known as Tan-Y-Castell. Aberystwyth was usually under the control of the princes of Deheubarth , but its position close to the border with Gwynedd and Powys left it vulnerable to attacks from the leaders of those polities. The town was attacked by Gwenwynwyn ab Owain in 1197, an assault in which Maelgwn ap Rhys

432-564: A hotel but, following bankruptcy, was sold cheaply to the Welsh National University Committee, a group of people dedicated to the creation of a Welsh University. The University College of Wales (later to become Aberystwyth University) was founded in 1872 in this building. Aberystwyth was a contributory parliamentary borough until the Third Reform Act , which merged its representation into that of

504-483: A possible föhn effect when winds are offshore can act to achieve high temperatures on occasion. Typically the warmest day will average 28.0 °C (82.4 °F) and 5.6 days will achieve a maximum of 25.1 °C (77.2 °F) or above. The absolute minimum temperature is −13.5 °C (7.7 °F), set in January 2010. Typically 39.8 days will register an air frost. Rainfall averages 1,112 mm (44 in)

576-438: A whole was 95.2% Welsh-speaking and 74.5% monoglot Welsh. Although the town remained majority Welsh-speaking for many more decades, English had already replaced Welsh in certain domains, such as entertainment and tourism. By 1961, only 50.0% of the town's population could speak Welsh, compared to 79.5% for Cardiganshire as a whole; by 1971, these numbers had fallen to 44.9% and 67.6% respectively. The 2001 census reported that, in

648-484: A year, with over 1mm recorded on 161 days. All averages refer to the 1981–2010 period. There is evidence that during the Mesolithic Age the area of Tan-y-Bwlch at the foot of Pen Dinas ( Penparcau ) was used as a flint knapping floor for hunter-gatherers making weapons from flint that was deposited as the ice retreated. The remains of a Celtic fortress on Pen Dinas (or more correctly 'Dinas Maelor'),

720-643: Is a university town and tourist destination, and forms a cultural link between North Wales and South Wales . Constitution Hill, scaled by the Aberystwyth Cliff Railway , gives access to panoramic views and to other attractions at the summit, including a camera obscura . Scenic Mid Wales landscape within easy reach of the town includes the wilderness of the Cambrian Mountains , whose valleys contain forests and meadows which have changed little in centuries. A convenient way to access

792-613: Is the Central Highlands area, which covers most of the central-western parts of the state. Many of these areas are highly elevated alpine regions. The Ozarks cover nearly 120,000 square kilometres (46,000 sq mi), making it the most extensive highland region between the Appalachians and Rockies. This region contains some of the oldest rocks in North America. The spine of the mountains stretches across

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864-409: Is the closest to the general public; there are 19 elected town councillors from five wards. The last elections were held in 2022. The council is responsible for cycle paths , public footpaths , CCTV , public Wi-Fi , bus shelters , parks, gardens (including the castle grounds and the skateboard park) and allotments . The council is a statutory body which is consulted regarding planning decisions in

936-556: Is the main medium of communication within the organisation; it aims to deliver all public services in Welsh and English. Aberystwyth Arts Centre is one of the largest and busiest arts centres in Wales. It encompasses a 312-seat theatre, 900-seat concert hall, 125-seat cinema, and has accompanied studio, galleries, plus public spaces which include cafes and a bar. Arad Goch is an Arts Council funded community theatre and art gallery based in

1008-544: The 2011 census , the population of the Bro Machno community (which also includes the village of Cwm Penmachno , about 5 km south west) was 617, of whom 342 (55%) were able to speak Welsh and 214 (34%) had no skills in Welsh. The village has been referred to as Pennant Machno , Llandudclyd and Llan dutchyd in historical sources. The name derives from the Welsh pen , meaning head, end or promontory and Machno,

1080-512: The 2011 census . Including neighbouring Llanbadarn Fawr , the population was 16,420, and the greater Aberystwyth conurbation had a population of 18,749 in 2011. Aberystwyth experiences an oceanic climate ( Köppen climate classification Cfb ) similar to almost all of the United Kingdom. This is particularly pronounced due to its west coast location facing the Irish Sea. Air undergoes little land moderation and so temperatures closely reflect

1152-522: The Cistercian Way between Aberconwy Abbey and Cymer Abbey which also passed near Ysbyty Ifan . A mountain bike trail has been built at Gwydyr Forest in Penmachno. It consists of a 20 km loop with an optional 10 km extension. There are parking facilities on the site. The village was used as a special stage in the 2013 Wales Rally GB . Highland (geography) Probably

1224-717: The House of Commons . Since June 2017, Aberystwyth's MP has been Plaid Cymru 's Ben Lake . The first ever public library in Aberystwyth was opened in Compton House, Pier Street on 13 October 1874. In 1882 the library was moved to the Assembly Rooms which were leased to the council for 21 years. The lease expired in 1903 and the library returned to Pier Street, this time to the Old Banking Library at

1296-578: The Moon . Aberystwyth 52°24′50″N 4°04′52″W  /  52.414°N 4.081°W  / 52.414; -4.081 Aberystwyth ( / ˌ æ b ə ˈ r ɪ s t w ɪ θ / ; Welsh: [abɛˈrəstʊɨθ] ) is a university and seaside town and a community in Ceredigion , Wales . It is the largest town in Ceredigion and 16 miles (26 km) from Aberaeron ,

1368-632: The National Screen and Sound Archive of Wales , one of six British regional film archives. The Royal Commission on the Ancient and Historical Monuments of Wales maintains and curates the National Monuments Record of Wales (NMRW), providing the public with information about the built heritage of Wales. Aberystwyth is also the home to the national offices of UCAC and Cymdeithas yr Iaith Gymraeg (Welsh Language Society), and

1440-594: The Old College has a triptych of mosaic murals designed by Charles Vosey . Aberystwyth has a live music scene which has produced bands and artists such as The Crocketts , The Hot Puppies , Murry the Hump and The Lowland Hundred. The University Music Centre promotes a varied programme for instrumentalists, singers and listeners from the university and the wider community. The University chamber choir, The Elizabethan Madrigal Singers , have been singing in

1512-482: The Royal Mint , using silver from local mines. £10,500 in currency was produced, equivalent to 2.5 million silver pennies . In 1649, Parliamentarian troops razed the castle, although portions of three towers still exist. In 1988, an excavation within the castle area revealed a complete male skeleton, deliberately buried. Though skeletons rarely survive in Wales' acidic soil, this skeleton was probably preserved by

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1584-655: The United States (notably Western North Carolina ), highveld , used in South Africa and Roof of the World , used for Tibet . The central Afghan highlands are in the center of Afghanistan , mostly located between 2,000 and 3,000 m above sea level. They have a very cold winter, and a short and cool summer. These highlands have mountain pastures during summer ( sardsīr ), watered by many small streams and rivers. There are also pastures available during winter in

1656-612: The 2011 census. Since the town's growth as a seaside resort in the Victorian era, it has been more anglicised than its hinterland and the rest of the county in general. The university has also attracted many English-speaking students from England, non-Welsh speaking parts of Wales and elsewhere. The 1891 census recorded that, of the 6635 inhabitants who completed the language section, 3482 (52.5%) were bilingual, 1751 (26.4%) were Welsh monoglots, and 1402 people (21.1%) were returned as English monoglots. Ceredigion (then named Cardiganshire) as

1728-453: The 42 councillors in five separate wards (Bronglais, Central, North and Rheidol wards elect one councillor each while Penparcau ward elects two). Aberystwyth has five Senedd members, one of whom ( Elin Jones ) was elected as a constituency MS for Ceredigion , and four who are elected on the regional list for Mid and West Wales . The town is in the Ceredigion constituency for elections to

1800-834: The Blue Riband at the Rhyl National Eisteddfod in 1953. He gave many concerts and numerous recordings were made, and a double album of his best work was released in 2008 under the title ′Richie Thomas - Goreuon Richie Thomas (Tenor)′ (The Best of Richie Thomas). There is a plaque to commemorate him at his birthplace. Howel Harris Hughes (1873–1956), Principal of the United Theological College in Aberystwyth ministered here from 1901 to 1903. The parish church of Saint Tudclud (alternatively Tyddyd, Tudclyd, Tudglud or Tudglyd ),

1872-600: The Byzantine Empire. The fifth slab was discovered during quarrying near the Roman road in Rhiwbach , Cwm Penmachno and just features a cross. The chancel of the present church stands on the site of a previous church which burnt down in 1713. Three of the stone slabs were discovered when the older church was dismantled. Also discovered was a wall of a 12th-century church; this was the church of St Enclydwyn (probably

1944-1004: The United Kingdom include the Southern Uplands in Scotland, the Pennines , North York Moors , Dartmoor and Exmoor in England , and the Cambrian Mountains in Wales . Many countries and regions also have areas referred to as highlands . These include parts of Afghanistan , Tibet , Ethiopia , Canada , Kenya , Eritrea , Yemen , Ghana , Nigeria , Papua New Guinea , Syria , Turkey and Cantabria . Similar terms used in other countries include high country , used in New Zealand , New South Wales , Victoria , Tasmania and Southern Queensland in Australia , and parts of

2016-632: The addition of lime from the collapsed building. Affectionately known as "Charlie" and now housed in the Ceredigion Museum in the town, he probably dates from the English Civil War period, and is likely to have died during the Parliamentarian siege. His image is featured in one of nine mosaics created to adorn the castle's walls. The development of Aberystwyth's Port contributed to the town’s economic development during

2088-678: The best-known area officially or unofficially referred to as highlands in the Anglosphere is the Scottish Highlands in northern Scotland , the mountainous region north and west of the Highland Boundary Fault . The Highland council area is a local government area in the Scottish Highlands and Britain's largest local government area. Other highland or upland areas reaching 400 m or higher in

2160-531: The building of a fortress in 1109 by Gilbert Fitz Richard (grandfather of Richard de Clare , known as Strongbow, the Cambro-Norman lord notable for his leading role in the Norman invasion of Ireland ). Gilbert Fitz Richard was granted lands and the lordship of Cardigan by Henry I , including Cardigan Castle . The fortress built in Aberystwyth was located about a mile and a half south of today's town, on

2232-463: The building's refurbishment in 2012. The National Library of Wales, Aberystwyth, is the national legal deposit library of Wales. Established in 1907, it is a Welsh Government sponsored body . According to Cyril Evans, the library's centenary events co-ordinator, "The library is considered to be one of the world's greatest libraries, and its international reputation is certainly something that all Welsh men and women are intensely ... proud of". Welsh

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2304-476: The cellar of the old Post Office, now a private dwelling. Penmachno briefly featured during the revolt of Madog ap Llywelyn in 1294–95 as the place where Madog signed the so-called Penmachno Document , the only surviving direct evidence for the rebel leader's use of the title of Prince of Wales . About 3 km north-east of the village centre( 53°03′36″N 3°46′55″W  /  53.060°N 3.782°W  / 53.060; -3.782 ), close to

2376-567: The confluence of the River Ystwyth and Afon Rheidol . Following the reconstruction of the harbour, the Ystwyth skirts the town. The Rheidol passes through the town. The seafront, with a pier , stretches from Constitution Hill at the north end of the Promenade to the harbour at the south. The beach is divided by the castle. The town is divided into five areas: Aberystwyth Town; Llanbadarn Fawr ; Waunfawr; Trefechan; and Penparcau . Aberystwyth

2448-447: The construction of the town's impressive station. The Cambrian line opened on Good Friday 1869, the same day that the new 292 metres (958 ft) Royal Pier (designed by Eugenius Birch ) opened, attracting 7,000 visitors. The railway's arrival gave rise to something of a Victorian tourist boom, with Aberystwyth becoming a significant holiday destination for working and middle class families from South Wales in particular. The town

2520-563: The corner with Eastgate Street, although this was short lived. A Carnegie library was built in Aberystwyth in 1905, with a grant of £3,000. Located in Corporation Street, it was designed by the architect Walter Payton of Birmingham , who was one of 48 who entered the competition to design the building. It was formally opened on 20 April 1906 by Mrs Vaughan Davies, wife of the local MP. The town library moved to Aberystwyth Town Hall , now known as Canolfan Alun R. Edwards, following

2592-728: The county in 1885. In 1895, various businessmen who had been behind the Aberystwyth New Harbour Company formed the Aberystwyth Improvement Company (AIC) to take over the works of the defunct Bourne Engineering & Electrical. In 1896, the AIC completed three projects: the new landside pavilion for the Royal Pier; built the Cambria Hotel (later the United Theological College ) and formed Constitution Hill Ltd , to develop

2664-468: The county's other administrative centre. In 2021, the population of the town was 14,640. Located in the historic county of Cardiganshire , Aberystwyth means "the mouth of the Ystwyth ". It has been a major educational location in Wales since the establishment of University College Wales, now Aberystwyth University , in 1872. The town is situated on Cardigan Bay on the west coast of Wales, near

2736-542: The disused 19th century, water-powered Machno Woollen Mill (Glandwr Factory or Factory Isaf) built in 1839, there is a drystone-built, packhorse bridge over the Machno river. This is known as the 'Roman Bridge' but it is actually 16th or 17th century. Penmachno is, however, near the section of the Sarn Helen Roman road from Betws-y-Coed to the Roman fort of Tomen y Mur near Trawsfynydd ; this road became part of

2808-486: The east of the town centre. The station , a terminus of the main railway, was built in 1924 in the typical style of the period, mainly in a mix of Gothic , Classical Revival , and Victorian architecture. The town is the unofficial capital of Mid Wales, and several institutions have regional or national offices there. Public bodies located in the town include the National Library of Wales , which incorporates

2880-653: The endemic vertebrates are restricted to this ecoregion. The highlands of Iceland cover about 40% of the country and are mostly inhospitable to humans. They are generally considered to be any land above 500 m. The mountainous natural region of the Thai highlands is found in Northern Thailand. The Cameron Highlands is a highland area and hill station in Northern Malaysia. Shillong in India in

2952-488: The interior is by the preserved narrow-gauge Vale of Rheidol Railway . Although the town is relatively modern, there are a number of historic buildings, including the remains of the castle and the Old College of Aberystwyth University nearby. The Old College was originally built and opened in 1865 as a hotel, but after the owner's bankruptcy the shell of the building was sold to the university in 1867. The new university campus overlooks Aberystwyth from Penglais Hill to

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3024-605: The island of New Guinea, forming the densely populated highlands of Papua New Guinea , and the Highland Papua , Indonesia . The Central Highlands of Sri Lanka are rain forests, where the elevation reaches 2,500 m (8,200 ft) above sea level. The Sri Lanka montane rain forests represent the montane and submontane moist forests above 1,000 m (3,300 ft) in the central highlands and in the Knuckles mountain range . Half of Sri Lanka's endemic flowering plants and 51 percent of

3096-530: The last independent ruler of Wales as the Prince of Wales) and therefore a grandson of Llywelyn the Great . Richard Edgar Thomas (known as Richie Thomas) (1906 - 1988), the tenor, was born at Eirianfa, Llewelyn Street, Penmachno and lived his whole life in the village. He worked at the Machno Woollen Mill and led the singing in his chapel for over 50 years. He first came to prominence when he won

3168-972: The late 18th and early 19th centuries. Port improvements were carried out in both 1780 and 1836, with a new Customs House constructed in 1828. Rural industries and craftsmen were also an important part of life in this country town. The local trade directory for 1830 shows that there were in Aberystwyth: Twenty boot makers, eight bakers, two corn millers , eleven carpenters and joiners, one cooper , seven tailors, two dressmakers , two straw hat makers, two hat makers , three curriers , four saddlers , two tinsmiths , six maltsters , two skinners, four tanners , eight stonemasons , one brewer , four lime burners , three shipwrights , three wheelwrights , five cabinet makers , one nail maker, one rope maker and one sail maker . The Cambrian Railways line from Machynlleth reached Aberystwyth in 1864, closely followed by rail links to Carmarthen , which resulted in

3240-481: The name of the valley. The village was the birthplace of Bishop William Morgan (probably 1545 – 1604), who was born at Tŷ Mawr Wybrnant , near the village. The precise year of his birth is uncertain: it is generally accepted to be 1545, but his memorial in St John's College Chapel, Cambridge suggests 1541. He was one of the leading scholars of his day, having mastered Hebrew in addition to Latin and Greek . He

3312-575: The neighboring warm lowlands ( garmsīr ), which makes the region ideal for seasonal transhumance . The highlands in Australia are often above the elevation of 500 m. These areas often receive snowfall in winter. Most of the highlands lead up to large alpine or sub-alpine mountainous regions such as the Australian Alps , Snowy Mountains , Great Dividing Range , Northern Tablelands and Blue Mountains . The most mountainous region of Tasmania

3384-568: The old home of the learned and inspired Bard, Hugh Machno, who worked with... the famous Richard Cynwal. Their rank as Bards is seen in the Caerwys Eisteddfod - Hugh Machno was the winner in the Cywydd class for his ′Eulogy of Archbishop Williams′ ...[He] was educated at Cambridge and was one of the best debators of his day. It is said he died a batchelor and was buried in the churchyard where there used to be an oval lead plate hanging on

3456-487: The same as St Clydwyn or Cledwyn, a 6th-century saint, the eldest son of Brychan Brycheiniog and brother of St Tudful ), this church fell into ruin following the Reformation . The existing font is 12th century and from the earliest church. The discovery of the slabs on the site and the large enclosure of the church that is now the graveyard (about 100 m by 75 m), suggests there was a religious community here, probably

3528-456: The sea temperature when winds are coming from the predominant onshore (westerly) direction. The nearest Met Office weather station is Gogerddan , 3 miles to the northeast, and at a similar elevation. The absolute maximum temperature is 34.6 °C (94.3 °F), set during July 2006. This is also the July record maximum for all of Wales, suggesting that the area's low lying situation, aided by

3600-658: The seven wards of Aberystwyth, 39% of the residents self-identified as able to speak or read or write Welsh. This is lower than Ceredigion as a whole (54%) but higher than Wales overall (19%). Aberystwyth parish church is St Michael's and All Angels , located in Laura Place . The parish was a Rectoral Benefice until 2019, incorporating the Anglican churches of Holy Trinity, Santes Fair (services in Welsh) and Saint Anne's, Penparcau. The Rectoral Benefice has now been converted to

3672-528: The site of the Institute of Grassland and Environmental Research , the Welsh Books Council and the offices of the standard historical dictionary of Welsh, Geiriadur Prifysgol Cymru . A purpose built Welsh Government office and an adjoining office of Ceredigion County Council are also located in the town. At the 2001 census, the population of the town was 15,935. This reduced to 13,040 at

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3744-535: The state of Meghalaya is a hill station that is surrounded by highlands. Officers of the British Raj referred to Shillong as "The Scotland of the East". Highland continents —or terrae —are areas of topographically unstable terrain , with high peaks and valleys. They resemble highlands on Earth , but the term is applied to much larger areas on other planets. They can be found on Mercury , Venus , Mars , and

3816-427: The town area and makes recommendations to the planning authority, Ceredigion County Council. The Town Council is also involved in leisure , tourism, business (through providing more than half of Menter Aberystwyth's funding in grants), licence applications , wellbeing and environmental health , recycling and refuse collection . A borough council existed in Aberystwyth from 1832 and the Aberystwyth School Board

3888-420: The town came through Thomas Jenkins of Aberystwyth, who ran a shipping business. Jenkins was a frequent visitor to Italy where he admired Rutelli’s work. Jo Darke, in her work, The Monument Guide to England and Wales: A National Portrait in Bronze and Stone , describes Rutelli’s war memorial as “striking and rare” and suggests that the life-size statue of Edward VIII is the only recorded example. The tower of

3960-521: The town had banned the film (as some authorities did) when it was first released. During the aftermath storms from Cyclone Dirk on Friday 3 January 2014, the town was one of the worst hit in Wales. Properties on the adjoining promenade were then evacuated for the next five days, including 250 students from the University. Ceredigion Council appealed to the Welsh Assembly Government for funds, whilst Natural Resources Wales undertook surveys and emergency preventative measures. North Parade, Aberystwyth

4032-435: The town since 1950 and continue to hold a number of concerts throughout the year. Aberystwyth gives its name to a well known hymn tune composed by Joseph Parry . Aberystwyth RFC is the local rugby union club and acts as a feeder club to professional side Scarlets . It was formed in 1947 and for the 2017/18 season played in the WRU Division One West . Aberystwyth Town F.C. is a semi-professional football club that

4104-465: The town was incorporated under the title of Ville de Lampadarn (the ancient name of the place being Llanbadarn Gaerog or the fortified Llanbadarn, to distinguish it from Llanbadarn Fawr, the village one mile (1.6 km) inland. It is thus styled in a Royal charter granted by Henry VIII but, by Elizabeth I's time, the town was invariably named Aberystwyth in all documents. From 1639 to 1642, silver coins were minted at Aberystwyth Castle on behalf of

4176-604: The town. Most of the promenade was destroyed, along with 200 feet (60 m) of the pier. Many properties on the seafront were damaged, with every property from the King's Hall north affected; those on Victoria Terrace suffered the greatest damage. Work commenced on a protective coffer dam which continued into 1940, with total costs of construction coming to £70,000 (equivalent to £2.5 million today). Cymdeithas yr Iaith Gymraeg (Welsh Language Society) held their historic first protest on Trefechan Bridge in Aberystwyth, on 2 February 1963. The first independent Welsh Evangelical Church

4248-400: The town. The premises holds a theatre, gallery, several art studios and meeting rooms, and a darkroom. The town has three works by the Italian sculptor Mario Rutelli ; the War Memorial on the promenade, the Tabernacle Chapel Memorial on Powell Street, and the statue of Edward VIII as Prince of Wales in the Old College . All are Grade II listed structures . Rutelli’s connection with

4320-413: The wall over his head to commemorate him but in one way or another, like many other things belonging to the second church it got lost. and: He was buried in the churchyard and carved on his gravestone is 'H. Machno obiit 1637'. A gravestone inscribed 'H. M. Obiit 1637' exists. It is claimed that Huw Machno was descended from Dafydd Goch of Penmachno , an illegitimate son of Dafydd III (1238 - 1283,

4392-399: Was a citizen of Gwynedd / and cousin of the magistrate Maglos".) The third of these slabs reads "ORIA [H]IC IACIT" or " Oria lies here ". A fourth stone slab was discovered in the old garden wall of the Eagles Hotel (about 40 m from the church and 15 m from the churchyard) in 1915; one interpretation of its inscription is " ...son of Avitorius... in the time of Justinus the Consul ". There

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4464-407: Was a consul called Justinus in 540, but the inscription is unclear and could refer to Justus (328); the broadest date range for the slab is 328 - 650. Several academics have recently suggested that the inscription refers to the Byzantine Emperor Justin II , who was consul repeatedly between 567 and 574; it is argued that this is one of a number of instances of close links between post-Roman Britain and

4536-514: Was assassinated in 293 (see Carausian Revolt ), who is possibly the same person as St Caron to whom the church in Tregaron is dedicated. Another commemorates Cantiorix as a citizen of Gwynedd and cousin of the magistrate (the local ruler under the Romans, suggesting that the Roman political structure was retained locally into the 5th century after the departure of the legions). The inscription reads: Cantiorix hic iacit / Venedotis cives fuit / consobrinos Magli magistrati ("Here lies Cantiorix / He

4608-401: Was built in the mid-19th century, but contains five important early Christian inscribed stone slabs dating from the 5th or 6th century. The Carausius Stone, which bears the Chi Rho symbol, was found in 1856 with two of the others when the site of the church was being cleared. It has been suggested that it is the gravestone of Carausius , a Roman military commander who usurped power in 286 and

4680-508: Was captured. Llywelyn the Great attacked and seized the town in late 1208, building a castle there before withdrawing. Edward I replaced Strongbow's castle in 1277, after its destruction by the Welsh. His castle was, however, built in a different location, at the current Castle Hill, the high point of the town. Between the years 1404 and 1408 Aberystwyth Castle was in the hands of Owain Glyndŵr but finally surrendered to Prince Harry (the future King Henry V of England ). Shortly after this,

4752-428: Was established in 1870. Ceredigion County Council is another statutory body incorporated by Act of Parliament . It is the second tier of local government in the area and is a unitary authority with a wide range of powers and responsibility. The Council deals with roads (except trunk roads), street lighting, some highways, social services, children and family care, schools and public libraries. Aberystwyth elects six of

4824-438: Was established in Aberystwyth (see Evangelical Movement of Wales ). On 1 March 2005, Aberystwyth was granted Fairtrade Town status. In March 2009 mayor Sue Jones-Davies , who had played the role of Judith Iscariot in the film Monty Python's Life of Brian (1979), organised a charity screening of the film. Principal actors Terry Jones and Michael Palin also attended. There is a popular, but incorrect, urban myth that

4896-420: Was formed in 1884. The team currently compete in the Cymru Premier , Wales' top division. The town also has a cricket club which plays in local leagues, an athletics club (founded 1955), and boxing club in Penparcau. The town's golf course opened in 1911. Ceredigion, the county in which Aberystwyth is located, is one of the four most Welsh-speaking counties in Wales and remained majority Welsh speaking until

4968-419: Was once even billed as the "Biarritz of Wales". During this time, a number of hotels and fine townhouses were built including the Queens Hotel, later renamed Swyddfa'r Sir (County Office) when used as offices by the town council, and most recently used as the external scenes of the police station in the television show Hinterland . One of the largest of these hotels, "The Castle Hotel", was never completed as

5040-453: Was reported to be the most expensive street in Wales in 2018, based on property prices. Penglais Nature Park ( Welsh : Parc Natur Penglais ) is a woodland overlooking the town. The park was created in 1995 from a disused quarry and surrounding woodland that had formerly been part of the Richardes family estate. In spring a carpet of bluebells bloom, in common with the many other bluebell woods . The park covers 27 acres (11 ha). It

5112-426: Was the first Nature reserve to open in Ceredigion and is the only UNESCO Man and Biosphere urban reserve in Wales. Aberystwyth's local government administration has a two-tier structure consisting of two separate councils. As local government is a devolved matter in Wales, the legislation for both Councils is a responsibility of the Senedd . Aberystwyth Town Council is the first tier of local government, which

5184-672: Was the first to translate the Bible in its entirety into Welsh. Tŷ Mawr is now a National Trust property open to the public and contains a Bible museum. Poet, local historian, building contractor and quarry owner Owen Gethin Jones (1816 - 1883) was born, lived and died in Penmachno. Huw Owen alias Huw Machno (1585 - 1637), poet, is recorded by Owen Gethin Jones as living at Coed-y-Ffynnon in Penmachno ( 53°03′40″N 3°47′10″W  /  53.061°N 3.786°W  / 53.061; -3.786 ). Gethin Jones writes in his essay ("Gweithiau Gethin" (The Works of Gethin)): Coed-y-Ffynnon,

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