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66-626: It currently controls a majority in the State Senate , two statewide offices, and 8 U.S. House seats. The party was founded on November 27, 1854, in Towanda, Pennsylvania by former Congressman David Wilmot . Wilmot invited a small group of friends and political leaders to the organization's first meeting, which took place in his home. Among the attendees were Senator Simon Cameron , Congressman Thaddeus Stevens , Colonel Alexander McClure and future governor Andrew Curtin . Wilmot convinced

132-482: A budget freeze , won him some positive attention, but his relatively conservative record alienated liberal Democrats, and he was never really noticed in a field dominated by Mondale, John Glenn , and Gary Hart . Hollings dropped out two days after losing badly in New Hampshire and endorsed Hart a week later. His disdain for his competitors was at times showcased in his comments. He notably referred to Mondale as

198-619: A nuclear freeze and ratification of the Equal Rights Amendment . Reagan won re-election in a landslide victory, carrying 525 electoral votes, 49 states, and 58.8% of the popular vote. Mondale won 13 electoral votes: 10 from his home state of Minnesota, which he won by 3,761 votes, a narrow margin of 0.18%, and 3 from the District of Columbia, which has always voted overwhelmingly for the Democratic candidate. Reagan won

264-483: A "lapdog", and to former astronaut Glenn as " Sky King " who was "confused in his capsule." California Senator Alan Cranston hoped to galvanize supporters of the nuclear freeze movement that had called on the United States to halt the deployment of existing nuclear weapons and the development of new ones. Glenn and Askew hoped to capture the support of moderate and conservative Democrats. None of them possessed

330-408: A Hispanic, as other finalists for the nomination. In addition to her sex, Mondale chose Ferraro because he hoped she would attract ethnic voters with her personal background. Unsuccessful nomination candidate Jesse Jackson derided Mondale's vice-presidential screening process as a "P.R. parade of personalities", but praised Mondale for his choice, having himself pledged to name a woman to the ticket in

396-407: A June 1984 Gallup poll that showed both men nine points behind the president. The National Unity Party was an outgrowth of John Anderson's presidential campaign from the 1980 presidential election . Anderson hoped that the party would be able to challenge the "two old parties", which he viewed as being tied to various special interest groups and incapable of responsible fiscal reform. The intention

462-869: A U.S. citizen and a Pennsylvania resident four years, and a resident of that district one year prior to their election and must reside in that district during their term. President of the Senate: Austin Davis (D) President Pro Tempore of the Senate: Kim Ward (R) As of January 3, 2023: The Senate is made up of 50 members who are elected by district. In 2012, a State Senate district had an average population of 254,047 residents. 40°15′52.9″N 76°53′1.9″W  /  40.264694°N 76.883861°W  / 40.264694; -76.883861 1984 United States presidential election Ronald Reagan Republican Ronald Reagan Republican Presidential elections were held in

528-416: A competitive field in his bid, defeating Colorado Senator Gary Hart , activist Jesse Jackson , and several other candidates in the 1984 Democratic primaries . He eventually chose New York Representative Geraldine Ferraro as his running mate, the first woman to be on a major party's presidential ticket. Reagan touted a strong economic recovery from the 1970s stagflation and the 1981–1982 recession , and

594-561: A second four-year term. However, in the 1970 election (the first which allowed the winner the opportunity to run for a second term), Democrat Milton Shapp defeated Shafer's Lieutenant Governor , Ray Broderick . Shapp was re-elected over GOP nominee Drew Lewis in 1974 . After Democrat Jimmy Carter 's victory in 1976 (in which he carried the state ), Pennsylvania was carried by the Republican presidential nominee in three consecutive elections. In 1980 , Ronald Reagan won 49.6% of

660-425: A survey of National Unity members showed that they supported his action. Anderson had hoped that the party would continue to grow and field candidates in 1986, and later a presidential candidate in 1988. Burns was the initial frontrunner for the nomination, but withdrew, citing concerns that the party would not be able to properly finance a campaign. The remaining candidates were Bergland; Ravenal, who had worked in

726-508: A younger, fresher, and more moderate Democrat who could appeal to younger voters. He emerged as a formidable candidate, winning the key New Hampshire, Ohio, and California primaries as well as several others, especially in the West. However, Hart could not overcome Mondale's financial and organizational advantages, especially among labor union leaders in the Midwest and industrial Northeast. Hart

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792-776: Is as follows: Pennsylvania State Senate Minority The Pennsylvania State Senate is the upper house of the Pennsylvania General Assembly , the Pennsylvania state legislature . The State Senate meets in the State Capitol building in Harrisburg . Senators are elected for four-year terms, staggered every two years, such that half of the seats are contested at each election. Even- and odd-numbered district seats are contested in separate election years. The president pro tempore of

858-670: The Democratic primary after Specter, who had been a Republican since his election to the Senate in 1980 , switched his partisan affiliation to Democratic. Specter's partisan defection had briefly given Democrats control of both of Pennsylvania's Senate seats for the first time since before the Civil War. In the gubernatorial election , Tom Corbett garnered about 2.1 million votes (54.5%), defeating Democrat Dan Onorato , who garnered about 1.8 million votes (45.5%). Republicans also retook

924-470: The U.S. House elections . The Republicans lost seven governorships as well. Reagan's approval rating fell to 35% by January 1983. Polling showed him losing to Democratic candidates, including Walter Mondale and John Glenn . However, unemployment fell to 7.7% by March 1984, and Reagan's approval rating was at 54% in January 1984. His approval rating was aided by the 1983 Beirut barracks bombings and

990-484: The United States on November 6, 1984. Incumbent Republican President Ronald Reagan and his running mate, incumbent Vice President George H. W. Bush , were reelected to a second term in a landslide . They defeated the Democratic ticket of former Vice President Walter Mondale and Congresswoman Geraldine Ferraro . Reagan and Bush faced only token opposition in their bid for re-nomination. Mondale faced

1056-632: The invasion of Grenada . Polling by CBS News and The New York Times in January 1984 showed him leading Mondale by 16%. [REDACTED] Reagan-Bush '84, under the leadership of Ed Rollins , was organized on October 17, 1983. Reagan delayed his campaign announcement as not running would make him a lame duck whereas running would make everything he did be viewed as part of his campaign. He announced that he would seek reelection on January 29, 1984. Vice President George H. W. Bush and U.S. Senate Majority Leader Howard Baker were considered as possible candidates only if Reagan did not run. Reagan

1122-481: The second-largest share of the electoral college since 1820 (second only to Franklin Roosevelt in 1936 and the largest for a Republican), and the most raw electoral votes ever received by a candidate. This is the last time any candidate won the popular vote by double digits. As of the 2024 United States presidential election , Reagan is the last Republican to sweep all of New England. Ronald Reagan entered

1188-588: The 1900 Republican ticket. During the period from the Civil War until the start of the Great Depression , Republican gubernatorial administrations outnumbered Democratic administrations by a margin of sixteen to two. Republican dominance was ended by the growing influence of labor and urbanization, and the implementation of the New Deal . However, even after the New Deal, Republicans continued to control

1254-530: The 1994 state and federal elections, Republicans regained the majority in both houses of the General Assembly, as well as a majority of the state's Congressional seats. In 1998, 42% of Pennsylvania's registered voters were Republican, 48% were Democrats, and the other 9% were either unaffiliated or with other parties. By 2003, there were 12 Republicans and seven Democrats in the state's U.S. House delegation, as well as 29 Republicans and 21 Democrats in

1320-585: The Citizens Party was Richard Walton and for the Peace and Freedom Party Emma Wong Mar . One of her campaign managers, Mark Dunlea, later wrote a novel about a first female president, Madame President . The Communist Party USA ran Gus Hall for president and Angela Davis for vice president. Mondale unsuccessfully tried to replace Charles Manatt with Bert Lance as chair of the DNC. Mondale made Lance

1386-610: The Department of Defense under Robert McNamara and Clark Clifford ; and Ruwart. Bergland narrowly won the presidential nomination over Ravenal. His running mate was James A. Lewis . The ticket appeared on 39 state ballots. Sonia Johnson ran in the 1984 presidential election, as the presidential candidate of the Citizens Party , Pennsylvania's Consumer Party and California's Peace and Freedom Party . Johnson received 72,161 votes (0.1%) finishing fifth. Her running mate for

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1452-650: The Republicans and Democrats in the 1980 election, the grand majority of the former had since switched back, resulting in the new party being supported principally by those who normally would vote Democratic, which it was feared might make him a spoiler candidate . In light of this, in addition to difficulties in getting on the ballot in his targeted states (Utah and Kentucky were the only two, neither among those he intended to prominently campaign in), Anderson ultimately declined to run. Anderson announced that he would not run on April 26, 1984. He later endorsed Mondale and

1518-447: The Senate becomes the lieutenant governor of Pennsylvania in the event of the sitting lieutenant governor's removal, resignation or death. In this case the president pro tempore and lieutenant governor would be the same person. The Pennsylvania Senate has been meeting since 1791. The president of the Senate is the lieutenant governor , who has no vote except to break a tie vote. Senators must be at least 25 years of age. They must be

1584-561: The State Supreme Court , Republican Joan Orie Melvin garnered about 900,000 votes (53.2%), defeating Democrat Jack Panella , who garnered about 800,000 votes (46.8%). The other two elections were for the state's two intermediate appellate courts . In the election for four judges to the State Superior Court , there were nine candidates. Of the winners, three were Republicans and one Democrat. Additionally, in

1650-464: The balance-of-power in the State Senate remained the same . In 2008 , Democrat Barack Obama won Pennsylvania's 21 electoral votes with a total of about 3.2 million votes (54.7%). The Republican nominee, John McCain , won about 2.7 million votes (44.3%). There were also three other statewide elections that year. Republican State Attorney General Tom Corbett was re-elected with 52.4% of

1716-537: The chair of his presidential campaign. However, Lance had to be removed due to controversy over his tenure as director of the Office of Management and Budget . Reagan's lead in polling declined after the Republican convention due to its strong right-wing stances. Reagan was also criticized for a joke about bombing the Soviet Union . However, polls showed that voters believed Mondale was "too cautious and vague" and

1782-652: The election for two judges to the Commonwealth Court , Republicans Patricia McCullough and Kevin Broboson came-out on top of a four-candidate field. There were two statewide elections held in Pennsylvania in 2010. In the election for United States Senate , Republican nominee Pat Toomey garnered about 2.2 million votes (51%), defeating Democrat Joe Sestak , who garnered about 1.9 million votes (49%). Sestak had defeated incumbent senator Arlen Specter in

1848-494: The election. The Republican defeat was considered to be a major upset. Wofford went on to be defeated in his bid for a full six-year term in 1994 by Congressman Rick Santorum . Republicans would hold both of Pennsylvania's Senate seats until Santorum was defeated in his bid for a third term in 2006 . In 1992, Democrats had the majorities in both houses of the General Assembly for the first time since 1978. Following

1914-635: The event he was nominated. Mondale had wanted to choose New York Governor Mario Cuomo as his running mate, but Cuomo declined and recommended Ferraro, his protégée. Mondale might have named Massachusetts Governor Michael Dukakis as his running mate had he wanted to make a "safe" choice", while others preferred Senator Lloyd Bentsen because he would appeal to more conservative Southern voters. Nomination rival Gary Hart stated before Ferraro's selection that he would accept an invitation to run with Mondale; Hart's supporters claimed he would do better than Mondale against President Reagan, an argument undercut by

1980-680: The final primary in California, on June 5, which Hart won, Mondale was about 40 delegates short of the total he needed for the nomination. However, at the Democratic National Convention in San Francisco on July 16, Mondale received the overwhelming support of the unelected superdelegates from the party establishment to win the nomination. Mondale's nomination marked the second time since the nomination of former governor of Georgia Jimmy Carter in 1976 and

2046-468: The first Democrat elected to a full Senate term from Pennsylvania since Joseph Clark was re-elected in 1962 . In the gubernatorial election , incumbent Democratic governor Ed Rendell won a comfortable re-election over Republican challenger Lynn Swann . Rendell took 60% of the votes cast, while Swann took the remaining 40%. Democrats also retook the majority in the State House this year, though

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2112-611: The first woman nominated for that position by a major party. Another reason for the nominee to "go for broke" instead of balancing the ticket was Reagan's lead in the polls. Mondale hoped to appeal to women, and by 1980, they were the majority of voters. In a "much criticized parade of possible Veep candidates" to his home in Minnesota, Mondale considered San Francisco Mayor Dianne Feinstein and Kentucky Governor Martha Layne Collins , also female; Los Angeles Mayor Tom Bradley , an African American; and San Antonio Mayor Henry Cisneros ,

2178-618: The five statewide offices and holds a majority in the Pennsylvania State Senate . Republicans hold none of the state's U.S. Senate seats, 8 of the state's 17 House seats, and a minority in the Pennsylvania House of Representatives . Most members are elected every four years in the Republican primary election by county. Each county party chairman is a state committee member by virtue of office. The breakdown of members per county, along with caucus of county

2244-534: The fourth time since the nomination of former Representative John W. Davis in 1924 that the Democratic Party nominated a private citizen for president (not serving in an official government role at the time of the nomination and election). Mondale was the last private citizen to be nominated for president by the Democratic Party until former Secretary of State Hillary Clinton in 2016 . He

2310-599: The fundraising ability of Mondale nor the grassroots support of Hart and Jackson, and none won any contests. Jackson was the second African-American (after Shirley Chisholm ) to mount a nationwide campaign for the presidency, and he was the first African-American candidate to be a serious contender. He got 3.5 million votes during the primaries, third behind Hart and Mondale. He won the primaries in Virginia, South Carolina, and Louisiana, and split Mississippi, where there were two separate contests for Democratic delegates. Through

2376-467: The funds, or if it needed to be Anderson himself. Anderson initially was against running, hoping that another notable politico would take the party into the 1984 election, and feared that his own candidacy might result in the party being labeled a "personality cult". However, no candidate came forward resulting in Anderson becoming the nominee in waiting. While Anderson had found equal support from

2442-458: The governorship until George M. Leader 's election in 1954, and Republicans remain competitive in the state. The first Republican governor was elected in 1861, and there was a Republican governor until 1883. The governorship alternated between Democrat and Republican every term until 1895. From 1895 until 1935, the GOP held an unbroken grip on the governor's office. Democrat George Howard Earle held

2508-433: The governorship for one term, from 1935 to 1939, after which time Republicans held the governorship until the 1954 election of state senator George Leader . Democrats continued to hold the governorship into 1963, following the 1958 election of Pittsburgh Mayor David Lawrence to succeed Leader. Republicans Bill Scranton and Ray Shafer followed Lawrence. In 1968, state law was changed to allow governors to run for

2574-556: The group to form local Republican Clubs in their home counties. George Bloom made the Republican Party a statewide organization in 1959. He had the headquarters located in Harrisburg, where it remains to this day. Pennsylvania was dominated politically by the Democratic Party until around 1856. This is at least partially attributed to the desire of many in the state to promote its growing industries by raising taxes. From

2640-644: The hierarchy of the Roman Catholic Church criticized the Catholic Ferraro for being pro-choice on abortion. Already fighting an uphill battle with voters, Ferraro also faced a slew of allegations, mid-campaign, directed toward her husband, John Zaccaro . These allegations included Zaccaro's possible past involvement in organized crime, pornography distribution, and campaign contribution violations. Ferraro responded to these allegations against her husband by releasing her family tax returns to

2706-495: The majority in the State House , which was captured by Democrats in 2006. The party maintained its majority in the State Senate , which it has held since 1994. Incumbent Republican governor Tom Corbett ran for re-election to a second term but was defeated by Democrat Tom Wolf . This marked the first time an incumbent governor running for re-election in Pennsylvania lost. The Pennsylvania Republican Party control two of

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2772-461: The media on August 21, 1984. However, the damage to the campaign was already done. At a campaign stop in Hammonton, New Jersey , Reagan said, "America's future rests in a thousand dreams inside your hearts. It rests in the message of hope in songs of a man so many young Americans admire, New Jersey's Bruce Springsteen ." The Reagan campaign briefly used " Born in the U.S.A. ", a song criticizing

2838-517: The national primary vote but received only 8% of the delegates to the national convention, and he initially charged that his campaign was hurt by the same party rules that allowed Mondale to win. He also poured scorn on Mondale, saying that Hubert Humphrey was the "last significant politician out of the St. Paul-Minneapolis" area. Hart, from Colorado, was a more serious threat to Mondale, and after winning several early primaries it looked as if he might take

2904-442: The need to reduce federal budget deficits . While Ferraro's choice was popular among Democratic activists, polls immediately after the announcement showed that only 22% of women were pleased about her selection, versus 18% who agreed that it was a bad idea. 60% of all voters thought that pressure from women's groups had led to Mondale's decision, versus 22% who believed that he had chosen the best available candidate. Some members of

2970-497: The nomination away from Mondale. Hart finished a surprising second in the Iowa caucuses , with 16.5% of the vote. This established him as the main rival to Mondale, effectively eliminating John Glenn, Ernest Hollings and Alan Cranston as alternatives. Hart criticized Mondale as an "old-fashioned" Great Society Democrat who symbolized "failed policies" of the past. Hart positioned himself (just as Bill Clinton would eight years later) as

3036-587: The period immediately preceding the Civil War until the mid-1930s, political dominance in the state largely rested with the Republican Party. The party was led by a series of bosses, including Simon Cameron , J. Donald Cameron , Matthew Quay , and Boies Penrose . Quay in particular was one of the dominant political figures of his era, as he served as chairman of the Republican National Committee and helped place Theodore Roosevelt on

3102-429: The popular vote and Carter received 42.5%. In 1984 Reagan acquired 53% of the votes. In 1988 George Bush won with 50.7% of the popular vote against Michael Dukakis who obtained 48.4%. In 1992 , Pennsylvania was carried by Democrat Bill Clinton , who received 45.1% of the popular vote and Republican Bush got 36.1%. In 1996 Clinton again carried the state with 49.2% of the vote against Bob Dole's 40%. Al Gore carried

3168-562: The presidency with an unemployment rate of 7.3% and it peaked at 10.6% in December 1982. The United States had a negative gross domestic product growth in 1982. The Republicans performed poorly in the 1982 elections . Dwight D. Eisenhower , John F. Kennedy , Richard Nixon , and Jimmy Carter lost an average of 12 seats in the United States House of Representatives in their first midterm. The Republicans lost 26 seats in

3234-437: The presidential roll call. Vice President George H. W. Bush was overwhelmingly renominated. This was the last time in the 20th century that the vice-presidential candidate of either major party was nominated by roll call vote. Only three Democratic candidates won any state primaries: Mondale, Hart, and Jackson. Initially, Massachusetts Senator Ted Kennedy , after a failed bid to win the 1980 Democratic nomination for president,

3300-455: The primaries, Jackson helped confirm the black electorate's importance to the Democratic Party in the South at the time. During the campaign, however, Jackson made an off-the-cuff reference to Jews as "Hymies" and New York City as "Hymietown", for which he later apologized. Nonetheless, the remark was widely publicized, and derailed his campaign for the nomination. Jackson ended up winning 21% of

3366-520: The primary race. Mondale had received endorsements from: Hart had received endorsements from: Jackson had received endorsements from: Hollings had received endorsements from: Glenn had received endorsements from: Cranston had received endorsements from: Askew had received endorsements from: This was the convention's nomination tally: When he made his acceptance speech at the Democratic Convention, Mondale said: "Let's tell

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3432-422: The state Senate, and 109 Republicans and 94 Democrats in the state House. Two statewide elections took place in 2006. In the U.S. Senate race, State Treasurer Bob Casey, Jr. , son of former governor Bob Casey, Sr. , won nearly 59% of the vote, defeating incumbent Republican Rick Santorum. Santorum's margin of defeat was 18 points—the largest for an incumbent Republican senator in state history. Casey also became

3498-570: The state with 50.6% of the vote in 2000 and Bush only received 46.4%. Democrat John Kerry became the fourth straight Democratic presidential nominee to carry the state in 2004 receiving 51% and Bush obtained 48.3% of the votes. Republicans held both US Senate seats from 1968 to 1991. In 1991, after the death of Senator John Heinz , a special election was held. In the election, former Kennedy administration official and Democrat Harris Wofford defeated former governor Dick Thornburgh , who resigned as President Bush 's Attorney General to run in

3564-492: The table to help get them to stop. Mondale gradually pulled away from Hart in the delegate count, but, as Time reported in late May, "Mondale ... has a wide lead in total delegates (1,564 to 941) ... because of his victories in the big industrial states, his support from the Democratic Establishment and the arcane provisions of delegate-selection rules that his vanguard helped draft two years ago." After

3630-465: The treatment of Vietnam War veterans (which they mistakenly thought was devoid of anti-war content and a very jingoistic patriotic rock song), as a campaign song, without permission, until Springsteen, a lifelong Democrat, insisted that they stop. Two of the more memorable Reagan campaign ads were commonly known as " Morning in America " and, after the difficult first debate for the president, " Bear in

3696-470: The truth. Mr. Reagan will raise taxes, and so will I. He won't tell you. I just did." Although Mondale intended to expose Reagan as hypocritical and position himself as the honest candidate, the choice of raising taxes as a discussion point likely damaged his electoral chances. Mondale wanted to establish a highly visible precedent with his vice presidential candidate. Mondale chose U.S. Rep. Geraldine A. Ferraro from New York as his running mate, making her

3762-466: The viewing audience and caught Hart off-guard. Hart never fully recovered from Mondale's charge that his "New Ideas" were shallow and lacking in specifics. At a roundtable debate between the three remaining Democratic candidates moderated by Phil Donahue , Mondale and Hart got into such a heated argument over the issue of U.S. policy in Central America that Jackson had to tap his water glass on

3828-404: The vote, defeating Democrat John Morganelli. Republicans have held the office of attorney general since it became an elected one in 1980. The State Auditor General, Democrat Jack Wagner , was re-elected with 59% of the vote, while Democrat Rob McCord was elected State Treasurer with 55% of the vote. There were three major statewide judicial contests in 2009. In the election for Justice of

3894-442: The widespread perception that his presidency had overseen a revival of national confidence and prestige. At 73, Reagan was the oldest person to be nominated by a major party for president, a record that stood until 2020 . The Reagan campaign produced effective television advertising and deftly neutralized concerns regarding Reagan's age. Mondale criticized Reagan's supply-side economic policies and budget deficits. He also called for

3960-470: Was also badly hurt in a televised debate with Mondale during the primaries, when the former vice president used a popular television commercial slogan to ridicule Hart's vague "New Ideas" platform. Turning to Hart on camera, Mondale told Hart that whenever he heard Hart talk about his "New Ideas", he was reminded of the Wendy's fast-food slogan " Where's the beef? " The remark drew loud laughter and applause from

4026-406: Was also the last former vice president to be nominated for president until Joe Biden in 2020 . This race for the Democratic Party presidential nomination was the closest in two generations, and, as of 2020, it was the last occasion that a major party's race for the presidential nomination went all the way to its convention. Note: These are only those endorsements that occurred during or before

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4092-526: Was considered the de facto front-runner of the 1984 primary. However, Kennedy announced in December 1982 that he did not intend to run. Former Vice President Mondale was then viewed as the favorite to win the Democratic nomination. Mondale had the largest number of party leaders supporting him, and he had raised more money than any other candidate. However, both Jackson and Hart emerged as surprising, and troublesome, opponents. South Carolina Senator Ernest Hollings 's wit and experience, as well as his call for

4158-597: Was tasked with maintaining Evangelical support. The ACTV planned on registering 2.5 million voters. Laxalt sent a letter to 45,000 ministers in sixteen states, under the title of the Christian Voter Program, asking for them to support Reagan's campaign and register voters. Mondale ran a liberal campaign, supporting a nuclear freeze and the Equal Rights Amendment (ERA). He spoke against what he considered to be unfairness in Reagan's economic policies and

4224-459: Was the first incumbent president since Richard Nixon in 1972 to face no significant opposition for renomination. The popular vote from the Republican primaries was as follows: Reagan had received endorsements from: Reagan was renominated by a vote of 2,233 delegates (two delegates abstained). For the only time in American history, the vice presidential roll call was taken concurrently with

4290-524: Was to organize the new party in California, Oregon, Washington, Illinois, the New England states, and others where his previous candidacy had proven to have experienced the most success. The party was also eligible for $ 5.8 million in Federal election funds, but its qualification depended on it being on the ballot in at least ten states; however, it remained unclear if National Unity could actually obtain

4356-421: Was trying to appeal to too many special interest groups. Roger Stone and other strategists working for Reagan viewed Ohio, where unemployment was 10%, as his most vulnerable state. Reagan made appeals to Evangelical voters during the campaign. He declared January 22, 1984, to be National Sanctity of Human Life Day . The American Coalition for Traditional Values (ACTV), under the leadership of Tim LaHaye ,

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