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105-464: The first historical reference to Pennyhill Park's land relates to when the site was used as a warning beacon point in the national defence against the Spanish Armada in 1588. The construction of the country house itself was started in 1849 by James Hodges, an accomplished civil engineer who would later manage the construction of Montreal's Victoria Bridge , the longest bridge in the world at

210-732: A Gilbert and Sullivan society, formed in 1972, which performs at the Altrincham Garrick Playhouse . The group is directed by Alistair Donkin, a former principal comic for the D'Oyly Carte Opera Company . Members of the group have won several awards at the International Gilbert and Sullivan Festival . Sale Brass is a traditional brass band based in Sale, formed in about 1849 as the Stretford Temperance Band. Its first recorded performance

315-500: A relay league . Systems of this kind have existed for centuries over much of the world. The ancient Greeks called them phryctoriae , while beacons figure on several occasions on the column of Trajan . In imperial China, sentinels on and near the Great Wall of China used a sophisticated system of daytime smoke and nighttime flame to send signals along long chains of beacon towers. Legend has it that King You of Zhou played

420-823: A 100 to 94.2 female-to-male ratio. Of those over 16 years old, 30.0% were single (never married), 51.3% married and 7.8% divorced. Although the proportion of divorced people was similar to that of Trafford and England, the rates of those who were single and married were significantly different from the national and Trafford averages (Trafford: 44.3% single, 35.6% married; England: 44.3% single, 34.7% married). Sale's 24,027 households included 32.2% one-person, 37.8% married couples living together, 8.3% were co-habiting couples, and 8.5% single parents with their children, these figures were similar to those of Trafford and England. Of those aged 16–74, 22.3% had no academic qualifications , similar to that of 24.7% in all of Trafford but significantly lower than 28.9% in all of England. Sale had

525-557: A bachelor all of his life. He lived for about forty years at Pennyhill Park and during that time terraced the formal gardens, the inspiration of which was derived from Chateau de Villandry in Tours. Pennyhill Park is located in Bagshot , Surrey in the south east of England. 51°21′24″N 0°42′33″W  /  51.35667°N 0.70917°W  / 51.35667; -0.70917 Beacon#For defensive communications A beacon

630-646: A banking company called Beer and Co. Louis did not marry. He remained a bachelor all of his life. When he died in 1901 he appears to have left his property to Louis Floersheim. Louis Floersheim (1834-1917) was born in Germany . After he came to England with his business partner Louis Schott he married in 1870 Julia Baddeley (1848-1931) daughter of Lieutenant Colonel John Fraser Baddeley. The couple lived in London for many years. When they lived at Pennyhill Park after 1901 they retained their London accommodation. He extended

735-661: A chain of eight beacons staffed by so-called lampadóphoroi inform Clytemnestra in Argos , within a single night's time, that Troy has just fallen under her husband king Agamemnon's control, after a famous ten years siege . In J. R. R. Tolkien 's high fantasy novel, The Lord of the Rings , a series of beacons alerts the entire realm of Gondor when the kingdom is under attack. These beacon posts were staffed by messengers who would carry word of their lighting to either Rohan or Belfalas . In Peter Jackson 's film adaptation of

840-576: A complex beacon network to warn against Moorish raiders and military campaigns. Due to the progressive advance of the borders throughout the process of the Reconquista, the entire Spanish geography is full of defensive lines of castles, towers and fortifications, visually connected to each other, which served as fortified beacons. Some examples are the Route of the Vinalopó castles or the distribution of

945-499: A data packet and this could be used by software to identify the beacon location. This is typically used by indoor navigation and positioning applications. Beaconing is the process that allows a network to self-repair network problems. The stations on the network notify the other stations on the ring when they are not receiving the transmissions. Beaconing is used in Token ring and FDDI networks. In Aeschylus ' tragedy Agamemnon ,

1050-470: A medieval manor house , and was one of the first buildings in northwest England to be made of brick. It was rebuilt in 1840 and demolished in 1920, but two buildings in its grounds have survived: its dovecote , now in Walkden Gardens , and its lodge, the latter now occupied by Sale Golf Club. In 1745, Crossford Bridge – which dated back to at least 1367 – was torn down. It was one of

1155-432: A much higher percentage of adults with a diploma or degree than Greater Manchester as a whole. Of Sale residents aged 16–74, 26.7% had an educational qualification such as first degree, higher degree, qualified teacher status, qualified medical doctor, qualified dentist, qualified nurse, midwife, or health visitor, compared to 20% nationwide. Originally a working class town, there was an influx of middle class people in

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1260-547: A partial survey was taken. The first recorded occurrences of Sale and Ashton upon Mersey are in 1199–1216 and 1260 respectively. The settlements were referred to as townships rather than manors , which suggests further evidence of Anglo-Saxon origins as townships were developed by the Saxons. The manor of Sale was one of 30 held by William FitzNigel , a powerful 12th century baron in north Cheshire. He divided it between Thomas de Sale and Adam de Carrington, who acted as Lords of

1365-507: A partner and director. He was also a manager of a company called Consolidated Brake and Engineering Co. In 1898 he married Jessie Emmeline Halsted (1871-1952) who was the daughter of Henry Halsted of Chichester who owned an iron foundry. The couple had three children. Lord and Lady Peters lived at Pennyhill Park until about 1933. It was then sold and purchased by Colin Goldsworthy Heywood. Colin Goldsworthy Heywood (1888-1971)

1470-790: A plaza, a library, the Robert Bolt Theatre, the Lauriston Gallery, and the Corridor Gallery. The centre, which was opened in 2004, regularly hosts concerts, exhibitions and other community events. Performers have included comedian Lucy Porter , Midge Ure , Fairport Convention , The Zombies and Sue Perkins . In 2004, the centre received the British Urban Regeneration Association Award for its innovative use of space and for reinvigorating Sale town centre. Sale has

1575-583: A series of bridges crossing the River Mersey destroyed by order of the government, to slow the advance of Jacobite forces during the Jacobite rising . The Jacobites repaired the bridge upon reaching Manchester, and used it to send a small force into Sale and Altrincham. Their intention was to deceive the authorities into believing that the Jacobites were heading for Chester. The feint was successful and

1680-607: A trick multiple times in order to amuse his often melancholy concubine, ordering beacon towers lit to fool his vassals and soldiers. But when enemies, led by the Marquess of Shen really arrived at the wall, although the towers were lit, no defenders came, leading to King Yōu's death and the collapse of the Western Zhou dynasty. China's system of beacon towers was not extant prior to the Han dynasty . Thucydides wrote that during

1785-426: A wrong position would be used to direct a ship against shoals or beaches , so that its cargo could be looted after the ship sank or ran aground. There are, however, no historically substantiated occurrences of such intentional shipwrecking. In wireless networks, a beacon is a type of frame which is sent by the access point (or WiFi router) to indicate that it is on. Bluetooth based beacons periodically send out

1890-530: Is Navigation Road in Altrincham, from where trains run between Manchester Piccadilly , Stockport and Chester . Services run generally hourly on this line and are provided by Northern Trains . Franchised Bee Network bus routes provide services to Manchester and to Altrincham. The A56 road runs between Chester and North Yorkshire via Sale, Manchester and Burnley . The M60 motorway , which encircles Manchester, can be accessed via junction 7, just to

1995-553: Is a venue for water sports, fishing and bird watching. The water park is the site of the Broad Ees Dole wildlife refuge, a local nature reserve that provides a home for migrating birds. Woodheys Park , also known as Pinky Park, consists of a well-maintained pitch and putt course, grass area, a five a side football pitch and other amenities. Situated next to the town hall, the Waterside Arts Centre houses

2100-486: Is an academy school and part of The Dean Trust . It has 1,300 pupils aged 11–16 and 120 students in its sixth form. In its 2019 Ofsted report it was rated "outstanding" for its 16-19 provision and "good" overall. https://files.api.ofsted.gov.uk/v1/file/50055567 Sale High School , formerly Jeff Joseph Sale Moor Technology College, is a foundation secondary modern school for 11- to 16-year-olds and specialist technology college. It has 1,000 pupils and in its 2006 Ofsted report

2205-520: Is an intentionally conspicuous device designed to attract attention to a specific location . A common example is the lighthouse , which draws attention to a fixed point that can be used to navigate around obstacles or into port. More modern examples include a variety of radio beacons that can be read on radio direction finders in all weather, and radar transponders that appear on radar displays. Beacons can also be combined with semaphoric or other indicators to provide important information , such as

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2310-533: Is five miles (8 km) from Royal Military Academy Sandhurst ). This was mainly for commissioned officers. The country house opened its doors as a hotel in 1972. James Hodges (1814-1879) was a civil engineer and built Pennyhill in about 1849. He was born in 1814 in Queenborough , Kent . At an early age he became an apprentice in the building industry and soon turned to railway construction. He participated in ten important projects and became works manager of

2415-570: Is one of the earliest brick buildings in the area. Its name is derived from the decorative brickwork above the windows. It was built in Cross Street, which at the time was a separate village from Sale. Of the twenty-one conservation areas in Trafford, two are in Sale: part of Church Lane, Ashton-upon-Mersey, and Brogden Grove. A bronze bust of James Joule , the physicist who gave his name to

2520-534: Is rated Requires Improvement) most of the providers who are rated by Ofsted/CQC are again Good/Outstanding. Apart from these Sale also provides one of three Independent School Nursery in Trafford. Sale also provides a lot of options for support for childcare providers in form of advisory forums and childcare training. Sale is a diverse community with a synagogue and Christian churches of various denominations. The church buildings were mostly constructed in

2625-455: Is that of a rugged watertight sonar transmitter attached to a submarine and capable of operating independently of the electrical system of the boat. It can be used in cases of emergencies to guide salvage vessels to the location of a disabled submarine. Sale, Greater Manchester Sale is a town in Trafford , Greater Manchester , England, in the historic county of Cheshire on

2730-596: The Beacon journal. Beacons are sometimes used in retail to send digital coupons or invitations to customers passing by. An infrared beacon (IR beacon) transmits a modulated light beam in the infrared spectrum, which can be identified easily and positively. A line of sight clear of obstacles between the transmitter and the receiver is essential. IR beacons have a number of applications in robotics and in Combat Identification (CID). Infrared beacons are

2835-536: The Local Government Act 1858 in November 1866, and Sale Local Board was formed to govern the township at the beginning of 1867. Members were elected to the local board by the town's ratepayers . A household had one vote for every £10 (£1,200 as of 2024) of rateable value. Under the Local Government Act 1888 Sale became an urban district of the administrative county of Cheshire. The local board

2940-652: The Lord High Admiral . The money due for the maintenance of beacons was called Beaconagium and was levied by the sheriff of each county. In the Scottish borders country, a system of beacon fires was at one time established to warn of incursions by the English. Hume and Eggerstone castles and Soltra Edge were part of this network. In Spain, the border of Granada in the territory of the Crown of Castile had

3045-621: The Manchester Blitz . Six hundred incendiary bombs were dropped on Sale in three hours. There were no injuries, but Sale Town Hall and St Paul's Church were severely damaged. On 3 August 1943, at 11:50 pm, a Wellington Bomber on a training exercise crashed in Walton Park in the south-west of the town. Of the six-man crew, consisting of five members of the Royal Australian Air Force and one member of

3150-859: The Peloponnesian War , the Peloponnesians who were in Corcyra were informed by night-time beacon signals of the approach of sixty Athenian vessels from Lefkada . In the 10th century, during the Arab–Byzantine wars , the Byzantine Empire used a beacon system to transmit messages from the border with the Abbasid Caliphate , across Anatolia to the imperial palace in the Byzantine capital, Constantinople . It

3255-583: The Royal Air Force , the pilot and the bomb-aimer were killed. Sale's shopping centre was redeveloped during the 1960s, as part of the town's post-war regeneration. In 1973, the shopping precinct in the town centre, which had grown up in the mid-19th century, was also redeveloped and pedestrianised in an attempt to increase trade. The construction of the M63 motorway (subsequently renamed the M60) in 1972 led to

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3360-625: The SI unit of energy, is in Worthington Park. Originally a tower was to have been erected in his honour, but lack of donations led to the production of the bust as a substitute; it was unveiled in 1905. Joule moved to Sale in the 1870s for his health; he died at his home at 12 Wardle Road in 1889, and is buried in Brooklands Cemetery. The area has several parks and green spaces. Worthington Park, originally called Sale Park,

3465-719: The ancient parish of Ashton upon Mersey in the hundred of Bucklow and county of Cheshire. Throughout the Middle Ages it was governed by the Lord of the Manor . Following the Poor Law Amendment Act 1834 , Sale was joined with the Altrincham Poor Law Union , an inter-parish unit established to provide social security . The unit changed its name to Bucklow Poor Law Union in 1895. Sale adopted

3570-416: The 17th century, Sale had a cottage industry manufacturing garthweb, the woven material from which horses' saddle girths were made. The Bridgewater Canal reached the town in 1765, stimulating Sale's urbanisation. The arrival of the railway in 1849 triggered Sale's growth as an important town and place for people who wanted to travel to and from Manchester, leading to an influx of middle class residents; by

3675-490: The 19th century in the form of Irish immigrants. Two of the three Grade II* listed buildings in the town are churches. The Church of St Martin, which was probably originally an early 14th-century timber framed structure, was rebuilt in 1714 after the church had been destroyed in a storm. The Church of St John the Divine was built in 1868, to the design of Alfred Waterhouse . There are three Grade II listed churches in Sale:

3780-816: The Church of England Diocese of Chester . Sale and District Synagogue is part of United Synagogue under the aegis of the Chief Rabbi of Britain, Jonathan Sacks . The only mosque in Trafford is the Masjid-E-Noor in Old Trafford , three miles (5 km) away. The Metrolink system connects Sale with other locations in Greater Manchester. Trams depart the town's three stations, including Sale station , least every 12 minutes between 07:00 and 22:30 daily. The nearest railway station

3885-482: The Church of St Anne; the Church of St Mary Magdalene; and the Church of St Paul. As of the 2001 UK census, 78.0% of Sale residents reported themselves as Christian, 1.4% Muslim, 0.7% Hindu, 0.6% Jewish, 0.2% Buddhist and 0.2% Sikh. A further 12.9% had no religion, 0.2% had an alternative religion, and 5.9% did not state their religion. Sale is part of the Roman Catholic Diocese of Shrewsbury , and

3990-593: The First World War and the 300 who died in the Second World War. The memorial consists of a statue of a mourning Saint George on top of a granite pedestal. Costing £600 (£43,000 as of 2024), it was funded by public subscription and unveiled in May 1925 in front of a crowd of 10,000. The oldest surviving building in Sale is Eyebrow Cottage. Built around 1670, it was originally a yeoman farmhouse and

4095-520: The Manor on FitzNigel's behalf. On de Sale's death, his land passed to his son-in-law, John Holt; de Carrington's land passed into the ownership of Richard de Massey, a member of the Masseys who were Barons of Dunham . Sale descended through the Holt and Massey families until the 17th century, when their respective lands were sold. Sale Old Hall was built in about 1603 for James Massey, probably to replace

4200-587: The Mersey basin . Sale lies along the line of the Roman road which runs between the fortresses at Chester ( Deva Victrix ) and York ( Eboracum ), via the fort at Manchester ( Mamucium ); the present-day A56 follows the route of the road through the town. After the Roman departure from Britain in the early-5th century, Britain was invaded by the Anglo-Saxons . Some local field and road names, and

4305-639: The South-Eastern Railway Company. After that, as Sir Samuel Morton Peto’s agent, he built suspension bridges at Norwich , Needham , and Somerleyton , accepted a post as engineer, and then undertook the construction of 50 miles (80 km) of track for the Great Northern Railway. In 1840 he married Louisa Humphrey (1814-1862) who was the daughter of Thomas Humphrey a coach builder from Ashford, Kent . The couple had no children. James’s brother John Oliver Hodges who

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4410-864: The United States, a series of beacons were constructed across the country in the 1920s and 1930s to help guide pilots delivering air mail . They were placed about 25 miles apart from each other, and included large concrete arrows with accompanying lights to illuminate them. Handheld beacons are also employed in aircraft marshalling , and are used by the marshal to deliver instructions to the crew of aircraft as they move around an active airport, heliport or aircraft carrier. Historically, beacons were fires lit at well-known locations on hills or high places, used either as lighthouses for navigation at sea , or for signalling over land that enemy troops were approaching, in order to alert defenses. As signals, beacons are an ancient form of optical telegraph and were part of

4515-700: The Vikings. In Wales , the Brecon Beacons were named for beacons used to warn of approaching English raiders. In England, the most famous examples are the beacons used in Elizabethan England to warn of the approaching Spanish Armada . Many hills in England were named Beacon Hill after such beacons. In England the authority to erect beacons originally lay with the King and later was delegated to

4620-538: The Year in 2004. Sale Golf Club and Ashton on Mersey Golf Club have courses on the outskirts of the town, and a municipal pitch and putt is based at Woodheys Park. Trafford Rowing Club has a boathouse beside the canal. Sale Leisure Centre has badminton and squash courts, a gymnasium and three swimming pools. Walton Park Sports Centre has a sports hall for activities such as 5-a-side football . Tennis, crown-green bowls , golf putting and football facilities are available at

4725-403: The areas within Trafford, Sale provides most variety and has maximum number of options in every area. In areas of After School Care, Breakfast Club, Childminder, Holiday Schemes all the providers rated by Ofsted/CQC are either Good or Outstanding. In areas of Day Nurseries (where one is rated Inadequate), Pre-School Groups (where two are rated requires improvement), School Nurseries (where one

4830-459: The aspiring middle class. Pressure from an increasing population led to the town being supplied with amenities such as sewers, which were built in 1875–1880; and Sale was connected to the telephone network in 1888. As in the late-19th century, the early-20th century saw a great deal of construction work in Sale. The town's first swimming baths were built in 1914, and its first cinema, the Palace,

4935-464: The canal however; several yeomen claimed that their crops were damaged by flooding from the Barfoot Bridge aqueduct. A 1777 map shows the village of Cross Street, on the site of the road now of the same name, divided between the townships of Sale and Ashton upon Mersey. The village was first referred to in 1586 and is believed to have originated around this time. The map also shows that Sale

5040-1034: The castles in Jaén. Infrared strobes and other infrared beacons have increasingly been used in modern combat when operating at night as they can only be seen through night vision goggles . As a result, they are often used to mark friendly positions as a form of IFF to prevent friendly fire and improve coordination. Soldiers will typically affix them to their helmets or other gear so they are easily visible to others using night vision including other infantry, ground vehicles, and aerial platforms (drones, helicopters, planes, etc.). Passive markers include IR patches, which reflect infrared light, and chemlights . The earliest such beacons were often IR chemlights taped to helmets. As time went on, more sophisticated options began to emerge with electronically powered infrared strobes with specific mounting solutions for attaching to helmets or load bearing equipment. These strobes may have settings which allow constant on or strobes of IR light, hence

5145-476: The central and southern areas, leaving Ashton upon Mersey and Sale Moor with a shortage of accessible green space. Sale's built environment is varied, with a mixture of modern and old buildings. Some terraces , semi-detached houses and villas, survive from the Victorian period, although many of the larger houses have been converted into flats. Many semi-detached houses survive from the 1930s, when there

5250-535: The council. The wards from 2023 are Ashton upon Mersey, Brooklands, Sale Central, Sale Moor, and Manor. As of the 2023 local elections , the Labour Party held twelve of the wards and the Conservative Party held nine. At 53°25′29″N 2°19′19″W  /  53.42472°N 2.32194°W  / 53.42472; -2.32194 (53.4246, −2.322), Sale lies respectively to the north and south of

5355-713: The country. The petition was successful and on 21 September 1935 Sale UD was granted borough status , and became the Municipal Borough of Sale. Following the Local Government Act 1972 , on 1 April 1974 the Municipal Borough of Sale was abolished. Sale became an unparished area of the Metropolitan Borough of Trafford, a local government district of the metropolitan county of Greater Manchester. The town's education, town planning, waste collection, health, social care and other services are administered by Trafford Council. For national elections, Sale

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5460-411: The creation of Sale Water Park. To minimise the risk of flooding, the new road was built on an embankment, for which the necessary gravel was extracted from what is today an artificial lake and water-sports centre. Opportunities for leisure were increased when the old swimming baths, demolished in 1971, were replaced in 1973 by a new complex built on the same site. Historically, Sale was a township in

5565-422: The end of the 19th century, the town's population had more than tripled. Agriculture gradually declined as service industries boomed. Sale's urban growth resulted in a merger with neighbouring Ashton upon Mersey, following the Local Government Act 1929 . The increase in population led to the granting of a charter in 1935, giving Sale honorific borough status . Since then, Sale has continued to thrive as one of

5670-654: The extent that in 2007, at a time when the rest of south Manchester was oversupplied with office space, Sale's available office and commercial space was at an all-time low because of high demand. According to the 2001 UK census, the industry of employment of residents aged 16–74 was 18.4% property and business services, 15.9% retail and wholesale, 11.1% manufacturing, 10.9% health and social work, 9.1% education, 7.8% transport and communications, 6.1% construction, 6.3% finance, 4.5% public administration, 3.8% hotels and restaurants, 0.7% energy and water supply, 0.5% agriculture, 0.2% mining, and 4.7% other. Compared with national figures,

5775-555: The first half of the 19th century. By 1901, less than 20% of Sale residents were employed in agriculture. Employment was available in workhouses for those who could not find work elsewhere. Sale was part of the Altrincham Union, which ran the nearest work house in Altrincham. The main shopping centre in Sale, Stanley Square (formerly known as "the Square Shopping Centre"; the name was changed in 2021),

5880-401: The house in 1903 in neo-Tudor style using Bath stone. Louis died in 1917 and Julia continued to live at the house until about 1922. From 1922 Sir Lindsley Byron Peters (1867-1939) resided at Pennyhill Park. He was born in 1867 in Kent. His father was Gordon Donaldson Peters who founded the firm G. D Peters which was an engineering firm. He was employed in the family company and eventually became

5985-423: The house was sold. It was bought by Louis Schott. Louis Schott (1836-1901) was born in Germany . He came from a family of merchants who specialised in English tulle and lace. He formed a partnership with Louis Floersheim and established a merchant company called Louis Floersheim and Co. They both came to London and in the 1860s and gained naturalisation. In 1868 they went into business with Julian Beer and formed

6090-448: The key infrastructure for the Universal Traffic Management System (UTMS) in Japan. They perform two-way communication with travelling vehicles based on highly directional infrared communication technology and have a vehicle detecting capability to provide more accurate traffic information. A sonar beacon is an underwater device which transmits sonic or ultrasonic signals for the purpose of providing bearing information. The most common type

6195-406: The land owner. The Manchester, South Junction and Altrincham Railway opened in 1849, and led to the middle classes using Sale as a commuter town, a residence away from their place of work. This resulted in Sale's population more than tripling by the end of the 19th century. The land in Sale Moor was the cheapest in the town because the soil was poor and difficult to cultivate, which was part of

6300-406: The late 19th or early 20th century in the wake of the population boom created by the arrival of the railway in 1849, although records show that the Church of St Martin in Ashton upon Mersey dates back to at least 1304. Before the English Reformation , the inhabitants of Sale were predominantly Catholic, but afterwards were members of the Church of England . Roman Catholics returned to the area in

6405-409: The latter half of the 19th century also coincides with the arrival of the railway, indicative of Sale's growth as a commuter town. A huge increase in population in 1921–1931 is accounted for by the administrative merger of Sale with Ashton upon Mersey in 1930. Steady growth thereon is evident until 1981, when the decline of industry in Trafford and the Greater Manchester area accounts for a reduction in

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6510-419: The main Jacobite army later marched south through Cheadle and Stockport instead. The extension of the Bridgewater Canal to Runcorn was completed as far as Sale by 1765, and transformed the town's economy by providing a quick and cheap route into Manchester for fresh produce. Farmers who took their wares to market in Manchester brought back night soil to fertilise the fields. Not everyone benefited from

6615-412: The main source of employment for Sale's residents until the mid-19th century. Industry was slow to develop in the area, as in most of what would become Trafford. This was partly because of the reluctance of the two main land owners in the area, the Stamfords and the de Traffords , to invest. Although weaving was common in Sale during the late 17th and early 18th century, by 1851 only 4% of the population

6720-496: The main urban centres of Trafford due to its proximity to the M60 motorway and the connections to Manchester and other areas by the Manchester Metrolink network. A flint arrowhead discovered in Sale suggests a prehistoric human presence at the location, but there is no further evidence of activity in the area until the Roman period . A 4th-century hoard of 46 Roman coins was discovered in Ashton upon Mersey, one of four known hoards dating from that period discovered within

6825-413: The mid-19th century when businessmen began using Sale as a commuter town. Since then, Sale has had a greater proportion of middle class residents than the national average. In 1931, 22.7% of Sale's population was middle class compared with 14% in England and Wales, and by 1971, this had increased to 36.3% compared with 24% nationally. Parallel to this increase in the middle classes of Sale was the decline of

6930-475: The middle class town it is today. According to the hearth tax returns of 1664, the township of Sale had a population of about 365. Parish registers show that the area experienced steady population growth during the 17th and 18th centuries, more so during the latter half of the 19th century (due to the Industrial Revolution ). This later growth was less rapid than that seen in neighbouring areas such as Altrincham, Bowdon or Stretford. The increase in growth in

7035-408: The name of Sale itself, are Anglo-Saxon in origin, which indicates the town was founded in the 7th or 8th centuries. The Old English salh , from which "Sale" is derived, means "at the sallow tree", and Ashton upon Mersey means "village or farm near the ash trees ". Although the townships of Sale and Ashton upon Mersey were not mentioned in the Domesday Book of 1086, that may be because only

7140-451: The name. Advancements in near-peer technology, however, present risk since if friendly units can see the strobe with night vision so could enemies with night vision capabilities. As a result, some in the American military have stressed that efforts should be made to improve training regarding light discipline (IR and visible) and other means of reducing a unit's visible signature. Vehicular beacons are rotating or flashing lights affixed to

7245-438: The national averages. The town's main districts are Ashton upon Mersey in the northwest, Sale Moor in the southeast, and Brooklands in the southwest. The main commercial area is Sale town centre, in the central northern area of the town, but smaller commercial centres are also found in Ashton upon Mersey and Sale Moor. Brooklands is the most densely populated area. Most of the parks, including Worthington and Walton, are in

7350-404: The neighbouring towns of Altrincham and Stretford, and five miles (eight kilometres) southwest of Manchester city centre . The district of Wythenshawe is to the southeast. Sale is in the Mersey Valley, about 100 feet (30 m) above sea level on generally flat ground. The River Mersey, which runs just north of the town, is prone to flooding during heavy rains, so the Sale Water Park , close to

7455-436: The north of Sale. The M56 , which links Manchester with Chester , and the M62 motorway, between Liverpool to Hull , are about four miles (six kilometres) away. The M6 , which runs between Catthorpe Interchange in Leicestershire and Gretna , passes about seven miles (eleven kilometres) to the west. Manchester Airport , the busiest airport in the UK outside the London area, is located four miles (six kilometres) to

7560-519: The novel , the beacons serve as a connection between the two realms of Rohan and Gondor, alerting one another directly when they require military aid, as opposed to relying on messengers as in the novel. The Beacon was an influential Caribbean magazine published in Trinidad in the 1930s. New Beacon Books was the first Caribbean publishing house in England, founded in London in 1966, was named after

7665-516: The reason the area was common land until the early 19th century. However, when the railway opened, Sale Moor was close to the station and became the most expensive area in Sale. Villas were built in Sale Moor, and a few in Ashton upon Mersey as the demand for land increased. They were often decorated with stained glass or different coloured bricks in an attempt to make them "mansions in miniature" for

7770-424: The same time, there were also four Sunday schools in Sale and one in Ashton upon Mersey, operated by various religious denominations, including Congregationalists , Methodists , and Unitarians . The first school-chapel built in Sale as part of a school was constructed by Primitive Methodists in 1839, and still survives. The second school-chapel in the town was St Joseph's Roman Catholic Church , built in 1866, and

7875-649: The south bank of the River Mersey , two miles (three kilometres) south of Stretford , three miles (five kilometres) northeast of Altrincham , and five miles (eight kilometres) southwest of Manchester . In 2021, it had a population of 54,515. Evidence of Stone Age , Roman and Anglo-Saxon activity has previously been discovered locally. In the Middle Ages , Sale was a rural township , linked ecclesiastically with neighbouring Ashton upon Mersey , whose fields and meadows were used for crop and cattle farming. By

7980-744: The status of an airport, by the colour and rotational pattern of its airport beacon , or of pending weather as indicated on a weather beacon mounted at the top of a tall building or similar site. When used in such fashion, beacons can be considered a form of optical telegraphy . Beacons help guide navigators to their destinations. Types of navigational beacons include radar reflectors, radio beacons , sonic and visual signals. Visual beacons range from small, single-pile structures to large lighthouses or light stations and can be located on land or on water. Lighted beacons are called lights ; unlighted beacons are called daybeacons . Aerodrome beacons are used to indicate locations of airports and helipads. In

8085-599: The time. The buildings were improved in the 1880s to add in an orangery , and again in 1903 with Bath stonework . In 1935, then-owner Colin Goldsworthy Heywood developed the terracing of its formal gardens after being impressed by similar work at the Château de Villandry in France. The British government used Pennyhill Park's grounds and its accommodation buildings as lodging for military personnel in World War I (the land

8190-749: The top of a vehicle to attract the attention of surrounding vehicles and pedestrians. Emergency vehicles such as fire engines, ambulances, police cars, tow trucks, construction vehicles, and snow-removal vehicles carry beacon lights. The color of the lamps varies by jurisdiction; typical colors are blue and/or red for police, fire, and medical-emergency vehicles; amber for hazards (slow-moving vehicles, wide loads, tow trucks, security personnel, construction vehicles, etc.); green for volunteer firefighters or for medical personnel, and violet for funerary vehicles. Beacons may be constructed with halogen bulbs similar to those used in vehicle headlamps , xenon flashtubes , or LEDs . Incandescent and xenon light sources require

8295-495: The town had a relatively high percentage of residents working in property, business services and finance. The town had a relatively low percentage working in agriculture, public administration, and manufacturing. The census recorded the economic activity of residents aged 16–74, 2.6% students were with jobs, 3.3% students without jobs, 4.9% looking after home or family, 5.2% permanently sick or disabled, and 2.3% economically inactive for other reasons. The 2.4% unemployment rate of Sale

8400-500: The town start in 1808, a time when the region was in the grip of an economic depression . Poorhouses , where paupers could stay rent-free, were built in the early-19th century, reflecting the poor state of the local economy. In 1829, Samuel Brooks acquired 515 acres (208 hectares) of land in Sale ;– about a quarter of the township – from George Grey, 6th Earl of Stamford . The area later became known as Brooklands after

8505-473: The town's drinking water from the Lake District . Sale's climate is generally temperate, like the rest of Greater Manchester. The mean highest and lowest temperatures (13.2 °C (55.8 °F) and 6.4 °C (43.5 °F)) are slightly above the national average, while the annual rainfall (806.6 millimetres (31.76 in)) and average hours of sunshine (1394.5 hours) are respectively above and below

8610-403: The town's northern boundary, acts as an emergency flood basin. The man-made, and thus more controllable, Bridgewater Canal runs through the centre of the town. Sale's local drift geology consists of sand and gravel deposited about 10,000 years ago, during the last ice age . The bedrock is Bunter sandstone in the west and Triassic waterstone in the east. United Utilities obtains

8715-523: The town's parks. Sale Water Ski Club is based at Sale Water Park. Sale's first school was built in 1667 and was used until the first half of the 18th century. The second school in Sale was built some time in the 18th century, one of about 30 non-grammar schools founded in Cheshire around this time. By 1831, there were two private schools – with the children's parents paying fees for their education – in Sale and one in Ashton upon Mersey. At

8820-418: The town's population. This follows the general population trend for Greater Manchester , with residents relocating to new jobs. During the medieval period, most of the land was used for growing crops and raising livestock such as cattle. The produce from arable farming would have been sufficient to support the local population, but the cattle would have been sold to the ruling classes. Agriculture provided

8925-406: The town. Sale Sports Club encompasses Sale Cricket Club, Sale Hockey Club, and Sale Lawn Tennis Club. The Brooklands Sports Club is home to Brooklands Cricket Club, Brooklands Manchester University Hockey Club, and Brooklands Hulmeians Lacrosse Club. It also provides facilities for squash, tennis, and bowling. Sale United FC plays at Crossford Bridge and was recognised as Trafford's Sports Club of

9030-653: The use of the Heywood Road ground for training and for the staging of home games involving their reserve team, Sale Jets. The town is also home to the Ashton upon Mersey and Trafford Metrovick rugby union clubs. Sale Harriers Manchester Athletics Club was formed in 1911, it still has its historical home at Crossford Bridge in Sale. The site is shared with Sale United Football club and Old Alts Football Club. The club has produced successful athletes such as Olympic gold medallist Darren Campbell and Commonwealth Games gold medallist Diane Modahl , both former residents of

9135-400: The vehicle's engine to continue running to ensure that the battery is not depleted when the lights are used for a prolonged period. The low power consumption of LEDs allows the vehicle's engine to remain turned off while the lights operate. Beacons and bonfires are also used to mark occasions and celebrate events. Beacons have also allegedly been abused by shipwreckers . An illicit fire at

9240-477: The war effort, did result in a number of bombing raids. Incendiaries dropped on Sale in September 1940 caused no casualties, but did damage two houses on Norman Road. In a bombing incident the following November, four people were injured and a school was damaged; on 22 December 1940, twelve people were injured by bombs. On the night of 23 December, much of Manchester suffered heavy bombing in what became known as

9345-420: The working class population. In 1931, 20.3% were working class compared with 36% in England and Wales; by 1971, this had decreased to 15.4% in Sale and 26% nationwide. The rest of the population was made up of clerical workers and skilled manual workers. The change in social structure in the town was at a similar rate to that of the rest of the nation but was biased towards the middle classes, transforming Sale into

9450-426: Was a need for new housing in the town as a result of a growing population and an increasingly wealthy middle class. Interspersed with these older structures are newer housing developments, such as the estates built in Ashton upon Mersey and the east of Sale during the 1970s. As of the 2001 UK census , Sale had a population of 55,234. The 2001 population density was 12,727 inhabitants per square mile (4,914/km ), with

9555-619: Was also a civil engineer married Louisa’s sister Harriet Humphrey in 1848 and it seems that these two families had a close association. In 1853 James and Louisa went to Canada and for the next seven years James directed the gigantic task of building a bridge (Victoria Bridge) over the St Lawrence near Montreal . He returned to England in 1860 but unfortunately Louisa died two years later in 1862. James went back to Canada for some time and during this time his brother John Oliver Hodges and his family lived at Pennyhill. James died in 1879 and

9660-508: Was at the 1849 opening of the railway between Manchester and Altrincham. The rugby union side Sale F.C. has been based in Sale since 1861 and at its present Heywood Road ground since 1905. One of the oldest rugby clubs in the world, its 1865 Minute Book is the oldest existing book containing the rules of the game. The professional Sale Sharks team was originally part of Sale F.C. but split from it in 2003. Sale Sharks now play their matches at Salford Community Stadium , although they retain

9765-575: Was born in 1888 in Sale Cheshire . He was the son of Frank Heywood who was a wealthy merchant in Manchester . Colin joined the firm of Thomas Goldsworthy and Sons which was an emery cloth and paper manufacturing company in his mother’s family. An advertisement for the company is shown. He became a Director and eventually the Chairman and amassed a large fortune. He did not marry and remained

9870-647: Was constructed in the 1960s on the site of a former Methodist chapel. Following the Trafford Centre's opening in 1998, it was expected that the centre would suffer, but it has since prospered. In 2003 the Square Shopping Centre underwent a £7 million refurbishment, a major part of the redevelopment of Sale's town centre. It was sold for £40M in 2005, by which time the Square had experienced an increase in trade and demand for tenancy that had led to an increase of 70% in rental income. The town's economy expanded to

9975-783: Was devised by Leo the Mathematician for Emperor Theophilos , but either abolished or radically curtailed by Theophilos' son and successor, Michael III . Beacons were later used in Greece as well, while the surviving parts of the beacon system in Anatolia seem to have been reactivated in the 12th century by Emperor Manuel I Komnenos . In Scandinavia many hill forts were part of beacon networks to warn against invading pillagers. In Finland, these beacons were called vainovalkeat , "persecution fires", or vartiotulet , "guard fires", and were used to warn Finn settlements of imminent raids by

10080-402: Was employed in that industry. Along with the rest of the region, Sale's economy during the early-19th century was weak, a state of affairs which persisted until the arrival of the railway in the middle of the century. Despite the dominance of agriculture, there was a growing service industry; Sale and Ashton upon Mersey experienced a growth in numbers employed in retail and domestic services in

10185-410: Was in the parliamentary constituency of Altrincham and Sale from 1945 until 1997, when it was split between Altrincham and Sale West and Wythenshawe and Sale East . The Altrincham and Sale West constituency was one of the Conservative Party's two seats in Greater Manchester until the 2024 election. The Sale area consists of five electoral wards , which between them have 15 of the 63 seats on

10290-501: Was interrupted by the start of the war. additional private housing development brought the total of inter-war houses built in Sale to around 900, including large housing estates like Woodheys Hall estate in Ashton. Sale was never officially evacuated during the war, and even received families from evacuated areas, although it was not considered far enough from likely targets to be an official destination for evacuees. The town's proximity to Manchester, an industrial centre directed towards

10395-420: Was low compared with the national rate of 3.3%. Sale has three Grade II* listed buildings  – two churches ( St. Martin and St. John the Divine ) and Ashton New Hall – and eighteen Grade II listed buildings . The cenotaph outside the town hall was designed by Ashton upon Mersey sculptor Arthur Sherwood Edwards and is a Grade II listed building. It commemorates the 400 men from Sale who died in

10500-478: Was opened during the First World War. The end of the war in 1918 resulted in a rush of marriages, which highlighted a shortage of housing. The local councils of Sale and Ashton upon Mersey took the initiative of building council housing , and rented it to the local population at below market rates. By the outbreak of the Second World War in 1939, Sale had 594 council houses. The building programme

10605-461: Was opened in 1900. It features a bandstand, gardens, play areas, and a skate ramp and is maintained by Trafford Council and The Friends of Worthington Park. Opened in 1939, Walton Park is in the southwest of the town and features a miniature railway. Sale Water Park is an artificial lake, created from a 35-metre (115 ft) deep gravel pit left during the construction of the M60 . It opened in 1980 and

10710-598: Was rated as "satisfactory". Manor Academy provides secondary education to pupils with special needs. It has 140 students aged 11–16 and 20 members of its sixth form and was rated as "good" in its 2007 Ofsted report. Sale is a leader within Trafford Council in the area of Childcare and Early education as well. Sale has a broad range of options such as after-school care, breakfast clubs, childminders, day nurseries, holiday schemes, independent school nurseries, pre-school playgroups, school nurseries. In all

10815-512: Was replaced by Sale Urban District Council in 1894. The parish of Ashton upon Mersey became an urban district in 1895. In 1930, the Ashton upon Mersey UD was merged into Sale UD under a county review order . In December 1933, Sale Urban District submitted a petition to the Privy Council in an attempt to gain a charter of incorporation . At the time, Sale UD had the largest population and highest rateable value of any urban district in

10920-485: Was replaced by the current school in 1899. Trafford maintains a selective education system assessed by the eleven plus exam . Sale has one grammar school , two comprehensives and nineteen primary schools. Sale Grammar School consists of two parts, one for 11- to 16-year-olds and 900 pupils, and the other a sixth form college with 300 students. The school was described in its 2006 Ofsted report as "outstanding with an outstanding sixth form". Ashton-on-Mersey School

11025-511: Was spread out, mainly consisting of farmhouses around Dane Road, Fairy Lane, and Old Hall Road. Sale absorbed Cross Street as it expanded. About 300 acres (120 hectares) of "wasteland" known as Sale Moor was enclosed in 1807, to be divided between the landowners in Sale. This was part of a nationwide initiative to begin cultivation of common land to lessen the food shortage caused by the Napoleonic Wars . Records of poor relief in

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