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42-654: Pentonville Road is a road in Central London that runs west to east from Kings Cross to City Road at The Angel, Islington . The road is part of the London Inner Ring Road and part of the boundary of the London congestion charge zone. The road was originally built in the mid-18th century as part of the New Road , a bypass of Central London for coach traffic. It was named Pentonville Road after

84-526: A Duke in 1703 he joined the army, and served for a short time under the Duke of Marlborough . He was appointed Lord High Treasurer of Scotland by Queen Anne in 1705. He supported his brother, John Campbell, 2nd Duke of Argyll (on many topics, most notably the Act of Union ), earning him the title of Earl of Ilay in 1706. Following the treaty of union he was elected as one of the sixteen Scottish peers to sit in

126-634: A central point at Charing Cross (in the City of Westminster ), which is marked by the statue of King Charles I at the junction of the Strand , Whitehall and Cockspur Street , just south of Trafalgar Square . The central area is distinguished, according to the Royal Commission , by the inclusion within its boundaries of Parliament and the Royal Palaces, the headquarters of Government,

168-536: A critical role in establishing The Faculty of Medicine at the University of Edinburgh in 1726. He was one of the founders of the Royal Bank of Scotland in 1727, and acted as the bank's first governor. His portrait has appeared on the front of all Royal Bank of Scotland banknotes , and as a watermark on the notes, since they were redesigned in 1987. The portrait is based on a painting by Allan Ramsay , in

210-519: A house at No. 166 Pentonville Road. In 1807, the year after his death, the house became the London Female Penitentiary, housing " fallen women " and rehabilitating them into society. It was extended between 1811 and 1812, roughly tripling its capacity, and moved to Stoke Newington in 1884. The Thomas S. Jones organ builders were based at No. 25 Pentonville Road between 1860 and 1935. The Dunn & Hewett cocoa factory

252-515: A pleasant suburb, the arrival of railways in the 1840s turned the road into an industrial urban street, with factories and workshops aligning the road. The original bylaw restricting property on the front of the road was ignored and shops were built on top of gardens. By the 21st century, most of the manufacturing base along Pentonville Road had disappeared. The original townhouses are now apartments. Alexander Cumming, former clockmaker and organ builder to Archibald Campbell, 3rd Duke of Argyll , built

294-531: A public gallery funded by the Arts Council England . It contains a number of exhibition rooms that are available for use. The block of properties at No. 295–297 Pentonville Road, at its junction with Gray's Inn Road, is known as the "Lighthouse Block" owing to the lead clad tower at the top of the building. The site avoided being compulsory purchased and demolished (in order to provide improvements to King's Cross station's eastern entrance) and

336-753: Is a music venue at Nos. 96-98. It has played host to local bands, and as a warm-up venue for more established acts. The Scala at No. 275–277 Pentonville Road opened as the King's Cross Cinema in 1920 with a capacity of 1,300. Construction had begun just before World War I and was halted because of it. It was damaged by bombs during World War II , and while it remained open during wartime, it eventually had to be shut between 1949 and 1952 for renovations and repair. It closed in 1970, and re-opened as an independent cinema, which showed old 16mm films including King Kong . The Stooges played their only gig in London at

378-433: Is described as "a unique cluster of vitally important activities including central government offices, headquarters and embassies, the largest concentration of London's financial and business services sector and the offices of trade, professional bodies, institutions, associations, communications, publishing, advertising and the media". For strategic planning, since 2011 there has been a Central London sub-region comprising

420-522: Is in the London Borough of Camden , including the King's Cross Thameslink railway station and the "Lighthouse" Block. London Underground and National Rail stations in the vicinity include Kings Cross and Angel Underground station . There has been a bus service on Pentonville Road since 1829. Regular bus routes running along the road are 30, 73 and 146. What is now Pentonville Road was built as

462-482: Is marked on John Ogilby 's map of London in 1675. It was moved around 1780 to Penton Street and renamed the Belvedere Tavern. The current building dates from 1876. The road was designed as part of Pentonville , a new suburb away from the city and became a local hub for manufacturing in the area. There was some debate over the final route of the road; the original plan to run straight through fields owned by

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504-577: Is now Grade II listed. The Vernon Square school opened on Pentonville Road in 1913, expanding to cover secondary school students in 1949. It was renamed the Sir Philip Magnus School in 1952 and closed in the 1970s. It became part of Kingsway College before being purchased by the School of Oriental and African Studies in 2001. The SOAS has several other halls of residence along Pentonville Road, including Dinwiddy House. The Lexington

546-829: Is now partly occupied by a branch of The Co-operative Bank . The poet John Betjeman 's parents ran a cabinet makers at No. 34–42 Pentonville Road. It was established since 1859 and produced the Tantalus drinks cabinet in 1881. Pentonville Road is one of the locations on the London version of the Monopoly board game . It is one of the light blue squares alongside The Angel, Islington and Euston Road , both of which it connects to. The magazine Mixmag ' s main offices are at Nos. 90–92 Pentonville Road. Citations Sources 51°31′52″N 0°7′2″W  /  51.53111°N 0.11722°W  / 51.53111; -0.11722 Central London Central London

588-596: Is the innermost part of London , in England , spanning the City of London and several boroughs . Over time, a number of definitions have been used to define the scope of Central London for statistics, urban planning and local government. Its characteristics are understood to include a high-density built environment, high land values, an elevated daytime population and a concentration of regionally, nationally and internationally significant organisations and facilities. Road distances to London are traditionally measured from

630-591: The Flying Squad . All were subsequently arrested and sent to prison. The current owners, Geronimo Inns, wish to distance themselves from the burglary and forbid staff to discuss it with customers. The original Angel, Islington , sits at the far east end of Pentonville Road, at its junction with Islington High Street. It was named after the Angel of the Annunciation that appeared on its sign. The inn pre-dated

672-769: The Herbert Commission and the subsequent passage of the London Government Bill , three unsuccessful attempts were made to define an area that would form a central London borough . The first two were detailed in the 1959 Memorandum of Evidence of the Greater London Group of the London School of Economics . "Scheme A" envisaged a central London borough, one of 25, consisting of the City of London, Westminster, Holborn, Finsbury and

714-718: The Law Courts , the head offices of a very large number of commercial and industrial firms, as well as institutions of great influence in the intellectual life of the nation such as the British Museum , the National Gallery , the Tate Gallery , the University of London , the headquarters of the national ballet and opera, together with the headquarters of many national associations, the great professions,

756-738: The Scottish National Portrait Gallery . He was also one of the founders of the British Linen Company , founded in 1746. He acted as the company's first Governor until his death in 1761 and held an instrumental role in the promotion of the Linen manufacture in Scotland. He succeeded his brother to the title of Duke of Argyll in October 1743. He worked on Inveraray Castle , his brother's estate, which

798-533: The Skinners Company and the New River Company was rejected in favour of the route further north via Battle Bridge. As it was always intended to be a main road, a coach service began in 1798 between Paddington and Bank but was quickly withdrawn. The road was turnpiked in 1830 and renamed Pentonville Road after landowner Henry Penton in 1857. Until 1882, the upkeep of the road was paid by

840-447: The new town of Pentonville , that encouraged manufacturing to move out of the city and into suburbia. Numerous factories and commercial premises became established on the road in the 19th and 20th centuries, particularly after the arrival of London railways in the 1840s. As industrial manufacturing fell out of favour in London in the late 20th century, many properties are now residential or student accommodation. Current premises include

882-466: The 1961 census. It consisted of the City of London, all of Westminster, Holborn and Finsbury; and the inner parts of Shoreditch, Stepney, Bermondsey, Southwark, Lambeth, Chelsea, Kensington, Paddington, St Marylebone and St Pancras. The population was estimated to be 270,000. 51°30′N 0°08′W  /  51.50°N 0.13°W  / 51.50; -0.13 Archibald Campbell, 3rd Duke of Argyll Born at Ham House , Petersham , Surrey, he

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924-480: The City of London, the whole of Finsbury and Holborn, most of Westminster and Southwark, parts of St Pancras, St Marylebone, Paddington and a small part of Kensington. The area had an estimated population of 400,000 and occupied 8,000 acres (32 km ). During the passage of the London Government Bill an amendment was put forward to create a central borough corresponding to the definition used at

966-549: The Crafts Council Gallery on the site of a former chapel, the Scala nightclub in a former cinema, and The Castle, a public house. The road is 0.7 miles (1.1 km) long and runs east from King's Cross station as a continuation of Euston Road . It ends at the Angel, Islington , at a junction with Islington High Street and Goswell Road; the road ahead becoming City Road . Only eastbound traffic can travel on

1008-590: The House of Lords. His military career, which was less successful than his brother's, was somewhat distinguished. He obtained the colonelcy of the newly formed 36th Regiment of Foot in 1709 (until 1710) and assisted his brother at the 1715 Battle of Sheriffmuir . In 1711 he was appointed to the Privy Council . Many called him the "most powerful man in Scotland", at least until the era of Henry Dundas . Prime Minister Robert Walpole gave Campbell control over

1050-551: The Metropolis or in any provincial city, and the enormous office developments which have taken place recently constitute a totally new phenomenon. Starting in 2004, the London Plan defined a 'Central Activities Zone' policy area, which as of 2008 comprised the City of London, most of Westminster and the inner parts of Camden, Islington, Hackney, Tower Hamlets, Southwark, Lambeth, Kensington & Chelsea and Wandsworth. It

1092-527: The boroughs of Camden , Islington , Kensington and Chelsea , Lambeth , Southwark , Westminster and the City of London . From 2004 to 2008, the London Plan included a sub-region called Central London comprising Camden, Islington, Kensington and Chelsea, Lambeth, Southwark, Wandsworth and Westminster. It had a 2001 population of 1,525,000. The sub-region was replaced in 2008 with a new structure which amalgamated inner and outer boroughs together. This

1134-557: The building was refurbished and given a Classical facade, but reducing the capacity of the inside gallery. Attendance declined and the chapel was sold to the London Congregational Union, before closing in 1899. It re-opened in 1902 as Claremont Hall, a mission institute. It was let for commercial purposes in the 1960s, and sub-let to the Crafts Council in 1991. The building is now the Crafts Council Gallery,

1176-439: The construction of Pentonville Road, and had become one of the largest coaching inns in the local area by the 18th century. The site was cut in two by the construction of the road, with the inn remaining on the north side. A new building was constructed in 1899, later becoming a Lyons Corner House. It closed in 1959, and was threatened with demolition as a plan to improve junction improvements around Pentonville Road, but survived and

1218-472: The final section of the New Road in 1756, connecting the City of London to the western suburbs, so that coach traffic could avoid Central London. At the time, the route now covered by Pentonville Road was mostly fields, with Battle Bridge occupying the space where King's Cross now is. It included a tavern known as Busby's Folly , a meeting place of a drinking group known as the Society of Bull Feathers. It

1260-413: The full extent of the road; westbound traffic is diverted south via Swinton Street. The road is on the London Inner Ring Road (A501) and as such forms part of the boundary of the London congestion charge zone. Since 1995, it has been a red route , prohibiting stopping of any kind, including loading and unloading. Most of the road is in the London Borough of Islington but a small part near Kings Cross

1302-507: The inner parts of St Marylebone, St Pancras, Chelsea, Southwark and Lambeth. The boundary deviated from existing lines to include all central London railway stations , the Tower of London and the museums, such that it included small parts of Kensington, Shoreditch, Stepney and Bermondsey. It had an estimated population of 350,000 and occupied 7,000 acres (28 km ). "Scheme B" delineated central London, as one of 7 boroughs, including most of

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1344-473: The local parish, paying a ground rent to Penton's estate for the disused toll house at No. 274. The street is distinguished by the "set back" housing lines originally intended to provide an atmosphere of spaciousness along the thoroughfare. The original 1756 act to create the New Road prohibited the construction of any building within 50 feet (15 m) of its side. Though the area had been designed to be

1386-657: The royal patronage in Scotland. That became his base of power; he used it to control the votes of the other Scottish peers in the election of 16 representative peers to the British Parliament in London. He was appointed Keeper of the Privy Seal of Scotland in 1721, and was afterwards entrusted with the principal management of Scottish affairs. In 1733 he was made Keeper of the Great Seal of Scotland , an office which he held until his death. Lord Ilay played

1428-485: The trade unions, the trade associations, social service societies, as well as shopping centres and centres of entertainment which attract people from the whole of Greater London and farther afield. In many other respects the central area differs from areas farther out in London. The rateable value of the central area is exceptionally high. Its day population is very much larger than its night population. Its traffic problems reach an intensity not encountered anywhere else in

1470-579: The venue in June 1972, shortly before recording the album Raw Power with David Bowie ; a shot of Iggy Pop onstage here became the album's front cover. The venue closed in 1992, and is now a nightclub. The Castle is a pub at No. 54 Pentonville Road, at the junction with Baron Street. In 2015, the perpetrators of the Hatton Garden safe deposit burglary met at the pub to discuss the crime shortly after it occurred, but were secretly filmed there by

1512-413: Was altered in 2011 when a new Central London sub-region was created, now including the City of London and excluding Wandsworth. The 1901 Census defined Central London as the City of London and the metropolitan boroughs (subdivisions that existed from 1900 to 1965) of Bermondsey , Bethnal Green , Finsbury , Holborn , Shoreditch , Southwark , Stepney , St Marylebone and Westminster . During

1554-564: Was an enthusiastic gardener and he imported large numbers of exotic species of plants and trees for his estate. He was nicknamed the "Treemonger" by Horace Walpole . On his death, many of these, including mature trees, were moved by his nephew, John Stuart, 3rd Earl of Bute , to the Princess of Wales' new garden at Kew. This later became Kew Gardens and some of the Duke's trees are still to be seen there to this day. The Duke of Argyll's Tea Tree

1596-426: Was established at No. 9 Pentonville Road in 1833 by Daniel Dunn, who went into partnership with Charles Hewett in the 1850s. The business claimed to have invented soluble chocolate and cocoa, and moved to No. 136, expanding to No. 138 in the 1870s. The building was enlarged and partially rebuilt over the 1880s and 90s, and included a staff tea-room at No. 140 by 1907. The factory closed around 1930 and

1638-654: Was finished in the 1750s; however, he never lived in it, and he died in 1761. He is buried at Kilmun Parish Church . He was married to Anne Whitfield about 1712, but had no legitimate male issue at his death. In his will, he left his English property to his mistress Ann (née Shireburn) Williams. His titles passed to his cousin, John Campbell, 4th Duke of Argyll , the son of his father's brother John Campbell of Mamore . The Duke established an estate at Whitton Park , Whitton in Middlesex in 1722 on land that had been enclosed some years earlier from Hounslow Heath . The Duke

1680-446: Was named after Claremont House , home of the then-recently deceased Princess Charlotte Augusta of Wales . The chapel was built by Thomas Wilson , who acquired the 2-acre site in 1818 for £700, spending an additional £6,000 on building works. It opened in October 1819, though a regular pastor was not appointed until 1822. The building was extended in 1847 to accommodate a Sunday school, while sash windows were installed in 1853. In 1860,

1722-417: Was subsequently sub-let to various businesses. The Ealing Radiator Company was established at Nos. 152–154 Pentonville Road in 1936, manufacturing car radiators . A first floor extension was added in 1952, while Nos. 136–150 were cleared to accommodate a low metal-framed building. These premises have now been sub-let to various businesses. The Claremont Chapel was at No. 44a Pentonville Road. It

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1764-418: Was the second son of Archibald Campbell, 10th Earl and 1st Duke of Argyll (1658–1703) and his wife Elizabeth, eldest daughter of Sir Lionel Tollemache, 3rd Baronet of Helmingham , Suffolk. He was the first cousin once removed of Lord William Campbell . He was educated at Eton College and later at the University of Glasgow and Utrecht University , where he studied civil law. On his father being created

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