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20-462: Pentagrammaton may refer to: Yahshuah , an allegorical form of the Hebrew name of Jesus Pentagrammaton (album) , a 2010 album by Enthroned See also [ edit ] Pentagram (disambiguation) Tetragrammaton (disambiguation) Topics referred to by the same term [REDACTED] This disambiguation page lists articles associated with

40-572: A cover term, or the term guttural consonants may be used instead. Pharyngeal consonants can trigger effects on neighboring vowels. Instead of uvulars , which nearly always trigger retraction, pharyngeals tend to trigger lowering. For example, in Moroccan Arabic , pharyngeals tend to lower neighboring vowels (corresponding to the formant 1). Meanwhile, in Chechen, it causes lowering as well, in addition to centralization and lengthening of

60-410: Is analyzed as an effect of the vowel.) For transcribing disordered speech , the extIPA provides symbols for upper-pharyngeal stops, ⟨ ꞯ ⟩ and ⟨ 𝼂 ⟩. The IPA first distinguished epiglottal consonants in 1989, with a contrast between pharyngeal and epiglottal fricatives, but advances in laryngoscopy since then have caused specialists to re-evaluate their position. Since a trill can be made only in

80-637: Is in the Calendarium Naturale Magicum Perpetuum or "Magical Calendar" (published 1620 but dated 1582) of either Theodor de Bry (Flemish-born German, 1528–1598) or Matthäus Merian the Elder (Swiss, 1593–1650). The idea of the pentagrammaton was funneled into modern occultism by 19th-century French writer Eliphas Levi and the influential late 19th-century Hermetic Order of the Golden Dawn . The Golden Dawn favored

100-578: The ad hoc , somewhat misleading, transcriptions ⟨ ʕ͡ʡ ⟩ and ⟨ ʜ͡ħ ⟩. There are, however, several diacritics for subtypes of pharyngeal sound among the Voice Quality Symbols . Although upper-pharyngeal plosives are not found in the world's languages, apart from the rear closure of some click consonants , they occur in disordered speech. See voiceless upper-pharyngeal plosive and voiced upper-pharyngeal plosive . Pharyngeals are known primarily from three areas of

120-405: The aryepiglottic folds against the epiglottis at the entrance of the larynx, as well as from epiglotto-pharyngeal consonants, with both movements being combined. Stops and trills can be reliably produced only at the epiglottis, and fricatives can be reliably produced only in the upper pharynx. When they are treated as distinct places of articulation, the term radical consonant may be used as

140-400: The consonantal transcription IHShVH or YHShVH, and the pronunciation Yeheshuah. In Hebrew and Aramaic, the name "Jesus"/"Yeshua" appears as yod-shin-waw-`ayin יֵשׁוּעַ Yeshua and as the longer form of the same name, yod-he-waw-shin-`ayin יְהוֹשֻׁעַ‎‎ "Joshua"/"Yehoshua". The letter `ayin ע was pronounced as a voiced pharyngeal consonant sound in ancient Hebrew and Aramaic, as opposed to

160-453: The consonants being described by the IPA as epiglottal fricatives differing from pharyngeal fricatives in their manner of articulation rather than in their place: The so-called "Epiglottal fricatives" are represented [here] as pharyngeal trills, [ʜ ʢ] , since the place of articulation is identical to [ħ ʕ] , but trilling of the aryepiglottic folds is more likely to occur in tighter settings of

180-410: The laryngeal constrictor or with more forceful airflow. The same "epiglottal" symbols could represent pharyngeal fricatives that have a higher larynx position than [ħ ʕ] , but a higher larynx position is also more likely to induce trilling than in a pharyngeal fricative with a lowered larynx position. Because [ʜ ʢ] and [ħ ʕ] occur at the same Pharyngeal/Epiglottal place of articulation (Esling, 1999),

200-409: The logical phonetic distinction to make between them is in manner of articulation, trill versus fricative. Edmondson et al. distinguish several subtypes of pharyngeal consonant. Pharyngeal or epiglottal stops and trills are usually produced by contracting the aryepiglottic folds of the larynx against the epiglottis. That articulation has been distinguished as aryepiglottal . In pharyngeal fricatives,

220-437: The old IHS/JHS monogram of the name of Jesus (from Greek iota-eta-sigma ). In Renaissance occultist works, this pentagrammaton (or five-letter divine name) was frequently arranged around a mystic pentagram , where each of the five Hebrew letters י ה ש ו ה was placed at one of the points (the letter shin ש was always placed at the upward-pointing vertex of the pentagram). One of the earliest attested examples of this diagram

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240-420: The pentagrammaton is of an alphabetic consonantal framework Y-H-Sh-W-H, which can be supplied with vowels in various ways. (Also, the "W" can be converted into a "U" or "V", since the Hebrew letter ו waw writes either a [w] consonant sound—later on, pronounced [v]—or a long [u] vowel sound: see Mater Lectionis .) The first ones to use the name of Jesus something like "Yahshuah" were Renaissance occultists . In

260-430: The pharynx with the aryepiglottic folds (in the pharyngeal trill of the northern dialect of Haida , for example), and incomplete constriction at the epiglottis, as would be required to produce epiglottal fricatives, generally results in trilling, there is no contrast between (upper) pharyngeal and epiglottal based solely on place of articulation. Esling (2010) thus restores a unitary pharyngeal place of articulation, with

280-426: The pronounced [h] sound or a silent Hebrew letter he ה. Pharyngeal consonant A pharyngeal consonant is a consonant that is articulated primarily in the pharynx . Some phoneticians distinguish upper pharyngeal consonants, or "high" pharyngeals, pronounced by retracting the root of the tongue in the mid to upper pharynx, from (ary)epiglottal consonants, or "low" pharyngeals, which are articulated with

300-549: The root of the tongue is retracted against the back wall of the pharynx. In a few languages, such as Achumawi , Amis of Taiwan and perhaps some of the Salishan languages , the two movements are combined, with the aryepiglottic folds and epiglottis brought together and retracted against the pharyngeal wall, an articulation that has been termed epiglotto-pharyngeal . The IPA does not have diacritics to distinguish this articulation from standard aryepiglottals; Edmondson et al. use

320-476: The second half of the 16th century, when knowledge of Biblical Hebrew first began to spread among a significant number of Christians, certain esoterically minded or occultistic circles came up with the idea of deriving the Hebrew name of Jesus by adding the Hebrew letter shin ש into the middle of the Tetragrammaton divine name yod-he-waw-he יהוה to produce the form yod-he-shin-waw-he יהשוה. This

340-503: The segment /a/. In addition, consonants and vowels may be secondarily pharyngealized . Also, strident vowels are defined by an accompanying epiglottal trill. Pharyngeal/epiglottal consonants in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA): The Hydaburg dialect of Haida has a trilled epiglottal [ʜ] and a trilled epiglottal affricate [ʡʜ] ~ [ʡʢ] . (There is some voicing in all Haida affricates, but it

360-477: The title Pentagrammaton . If an internal link led you here, you may wish to change the link to point directly to the intended article. Retrieved from " https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Pentagrammaton&oldid=1247297725 " Category : Disambiguation pages Hidden categories: Short description is different from Wikidata All article disambiguation pages All disambiguation pages Yahshuah The essential idea of

380-412: The world: There are scattered reports of pharyngeals elsewhere, as in: The fricatives and trills (the pharyngeal and epiglottal fricatives) are frequently conflated with pharyngeal fricatives in literature. That was the case for Dahalo and Northern Haida , for example, and it is likely to be true for many other languages. The distinction between these sounds was recognized by IPA only in 1989, and it

400-461: Was given a basic Latin transliteration JHSVH or IHSVH or IHSUH (since there was no letter "W" or sh / [š] sound in Latin, and "I" and "J" were then not yet clearly distinguished as letters of the alphabet, nor were "U" and "V"). This could then be supplied with further vowels for pronounceability. By coincidence, the first three letters of this consonantal transcription IHSVH, etc. were identical with

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