34-491: Pepe is a pet form of the Spanish and Portuguese name José (Joseph). It is also a surname. All pages with titles containing Pepe Jos%C3%A9 José is a predominantly Spanish and Portuguese form of the given name Joseph . While spelled alike, this name is pronounced very differently in each of the two languages: Spanish [xoˈse] ; Portuguese [ʒuˈzɛ] (or [ʒoˈzɛ] ). In French,
68-1395: A book with his own proposal for a Mirandese writing system, with an excessicivity of diacritics, which have helped to know what Mirandese sounded like in the 19th century. One of the texts in Flores Mirandézas, "LHÊNGUA MIRANDÉZA" 'MIRANDESE LANGUAGE' (LHÉNGUA MIRANDESA in modern Mirandese), transcribed: Qĭêm dirĭê q’antre ‘ls matos èiriçados, Las ourrĭêtas i ‘ls ríus d’ésta tĭêrra, Bibĭê, cumo ‘l chaguárço de la ſĭêrra, Ũṅa lhêngua de ſóuns tã bariados ? Mostre-ſe i fále-ſ’ éssa lhêngua, filha D’um póbo qe tĭêm néilha ‘l chóro i ‘l canto ! Nada pur çĭêrto mus câutíba tânto Cumo la fórm’ am qe l’idéia brilha. Quiên dirie qu'antre ls Matos eiriçados, Las ourriêtas i ls rius desta tiêrra, Bibie, cumo l chaguarço de la siêrra, Ũa lhéngua de sonidos/sons tan bariados? (A)mostre-se i fale-se essa lhéngua, filha Dun pobo que ten neilha l choro i l canto! Nada por ciêrto mos cautiba tanto Cumo la forma an que l'eideia brilha. Quien dirie qu'antre ls Matos eiriçados, Las ourrietas i ls rius desta tierra, Bibie, cumo l chaguarço de la sierra, Ũa lhéngua/léngua de sonidos/sons tan bariados? (A)mostre-se i fale-se essa lhéngua/léngua, filha Dun pobo que ten neilha l choro i l canto! Nada por cierto mos cautiba tanto Cumo la forma an que l'eideia brilha. Who'd say that amongst
102-475: A different pronunciation under exactly the same spelling. The Spanish pronunciation is [xoˈse] . In Castilian Spanish, the initial ⟨J⟩ is similar to the German ⟨ch⟩ in the name Bach and Scottish Gaelic and Irish ⟨ch⟩ in loch , though Spanish ⟨j⟩ varies by dialect . Historically, the modern pronunciation of the name José in Spanish
136-460: A diminutive of Yosef or Yossef (Hebrew: יוֹסֵף). Both the Spanish and Portuguese feminine written forms of the name are Josefa , pronounced [xoˈsefa] in Spanish, and [ʒuˈzɛfɐ] in Portuguese. The name José also occurs in feminine name composites (e.g. Maria José , Marie-José ). Josée is a French feminine first name, pronounced [ʒoze] , relates to
170-458: A greater amount of change. Some historical developments in Mirandese are the following: All oral and nasal vowel sounds and allophones are the same from Portuguese, with different allophones: The main differences between the three mirandese dialects are in the pronunciation of words. As in Portuguese, Mirandese still uses the following synthetic tenses: Mirandese was formerly spoken in
204-535: A singular writing system for mirandese, there is one aspect that is written differently in different dialects. In the Sendinese dialect, many words that in other dialects are said with /ʎ/ ⟨lh⟩ , are said with /l/ ⟨l⟩ ( alá for alhá 'over there', lado for lhado 'side', luç for lhuç 'light', amongst others) The main orthographical differences between Mirandese in Portugal and
238-407: Is a feminine given name and is pronounced [joːˈseː] ; it may occur as part of name composites like Marie-José or as a feminine first name in its own right; it can also be short for the name Josina and even a Dutch hypocorism of the name Johanna . In England, Jose is originally a Romano-Celtic surname, and people with this family name can usually be found in, or traced to,
272-513: Is a repetition of the last syllable of the earlier form Josep . (Popular belief attributes the origin of Pepe to the abbreviation of pater putativus , P.P., recalling the role of St Joseph in predominantly Catholic Spanish-speaking countries.) In Hispanic America , the diminutives Cheché and Chepe also occur, as in Colombian soccer player José Eugenio ("Cheché") Hernández and Mexican soccer player José ("Chepe") Naranjo . In Portuguese,
306-648: Is an Asturleonese language or variety that is sparsely spoken in a small area of northeastern Portugal in eastern Tierra de Miranda (made up of the municipalities of Miranda de l Douro , Mogadouro and Bumioso , being extinct in Mogadouro and present in Bumioso only in some eastern villages, like Angueira ). The Assembly of the Republic granted it official recognition alongside Portuguese for local matters with Law 7/99 of 29 January 1999. In 2001, Mirandese
340-480: Is in fact phonetically the same as in French, where the name José also exists and the pronunciation is similar, aside from obvious vowel variation and language-specific intonation. The French given name José , pronounced [ʒoze] , is an old vernacular form of the French name Joseph , and is also popular under the feminine form Josée . The masculine form is current as a given name, or as short for Joseph as
374-537: Is pronounced [ˈjoːseː] , which is a feminine given name in its own right, sometimes also used as short for the feminine name Josina . Examples are Olympic swimmer José Damen and pop singer José Hoebee . Josephine and Joséphine are in use in English-speaking countries, while Josefine is popular in Western Europe. One of the common Spanish diminutives of the name is Pepe , which
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#1732783742770408-606: Is pronounced as [ʒuˈzɛ] . Examples of this are for instance former President of the European Commission José Manuel Barroso and football coach José Mourinho . Historically, the conventional Portuguese spelling of the name was Joseph , just as in English, though variants like Jozeph were not uncommon. Following the 1910 revolution , the Portuguese spelling was modernized. The first reform of Portuguese orthography of 1911 elided
442-601: Is the case of French politician José Bové . The same masculine form is also commonly used as part of feminine name composites, as is the case of French athlete Marie-José Pérec . In turn, the feminine form Josée is only used customarily either as a feminine first name or as part of a feminine name composite, with respective examples in French film director Josée Dayan and Canadian actress Marie-Josée Croze . A number of prominent Jewish men, including sportsmen, entertainers and historical figures, are known publicly as Joseph or Jose , another form of Yossi (Hebrew: יֹוסִי), and
476-593: Is the result of the phonological history of Spanish coronal fricatives since the fifteenth century, when it departed from Old Spanish . Unlike today's pronunciation of this name, in Old Spanish the initial ⟨J⟩ was a voiced postalveolar fricative (as the sound " je " in French), and the middle ⟨s⟩ stood for a voiced apicoalveolar fricative /z̺/ (as in the Castilian pronunciation of
510-618: The Adventures of Asterix , named Asterix, L Goulés ( Asterix the Gaul ), was published in a Mirandese translation by Amadeu Ferreira in 2005, and sold throughout Portugal. Amadeu Ferreira also translated into Mirandese the epic poem by Camões , Os Lusíadas ( Ls Lusíadas ), under his pseudonym Francisco Niebro and published it in 2009. In 2011, the four Gospels of the Bible 's New Testament were translated into Mirandese, and in 2013
544-570: The English county of Cornwall , where it was especially frequent during the fourteenth century; this surname is pronounced / ˈ dʒ oʊ z / , as in the English names Jose ph or Jose phine . According to another interpretation Jose is cognate with Joyce ; Joyce is an English and Irish surname derived from the Breton personal name Iodoc, which was introduced to England by the Normans in
578-587: The Astur-Leonese languages in Spain are caused by the dominant languages in each region. And while Mirandese has been influenced phonetically and in lexicon by Portuguese and the Astur-Leonese languages in Spain by Spanish, they retain more similarities among themselves than to the main languages of each country. Another difference is that Mirandese and Leonese remain very conservative, while Asturian has undergone
612-525: The Bristle bushes, The valleys and the rivers of this land, There lived, like the plants of the mountain range, A language, daughter Of people that have in it the cries and songs! Nothing certainly captivates us as much As the way in which said idea shines. In the 19th century, José Leite de Vasconcelos described Mirandese as "the language of the farms, of work, home, and love between the Mirandese". Since 1986–87, it has been taught optionally to students at
646-1030: The case of Mirandese. Then a comparison of the previous text in three modern languages of the Asturo-leonese group: Muitas lhénguas ténen proua de ls sous pergaminos antigos, de la lhiteratura screbida hai cientos d'anhos i de scritores hai muito afamados, hoije bandeiras dessas lhénguas. Mas outras hai que nun puoden tener proua de nada desso, cumo ye l causo de la lhéngua mirandesa. Muitas llinguas tien arguyu de los sous pergaminos antiguos, de la lliteratura escrita van cientos d'annos y d'escritores bien famosos; guei bandeiras d'eisas llinguas. Peru hai outras que nun pueden tener arguyu de nada d'eisu, cumu ye'l casu de la llingua mirandesa. Munches llingües tienen arguyu de los sos pergaminos antiguos, de la lliteratura escrita hai cientos d'años y d'escritores enforma famosos, güei banderes d'eses llingües. Pero hai otres que nun pueden tener arguyu de nada d'eso, como ye'l casu de la llingua mirandesa. When mirandese
680-412: The case of the ⟨o⟩ ranging from /u/ to /o/ ; and in the case of ⟨é⟩ , from /e/ to /ɛ/ . The Portuguese phonology developed originally from thirteenth-century Galician-Portuguese , having a number of speakers worldwide that is currently larger than French, Italian and German. In Portuguese the pronunciation of the graphemes ⟨J⟩ and ⟨s⟩
714-406: The final mute consonants ⟨ph⟩ and ⟨th⟩ from Biblical anthroponyms and toponyms (e.g. Joseph , Nazareth ) and replaced them with the diacritic on the final ⟨é⟩ , indicating the stress vowel (e.g. José , Nazaré ). In Portuguese, the pronunciation of vowels varies depending on the country , regional dialect or social identity of the speaker: in
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#1732783742770748-458: The form Josse . In medieval England the name was occasionally borne by women but more commonly by men; the variant surname Jose is local to Devon and Cornwall. The common spelling of this given name in different languages is a case of interlingual homography . Similar cases occur in English given names (Albert, Bertrand, Christine, Daniel, Eric, and Ferdinand) that are not exclusive to the English language and can be found namely in French with
782-524: The general area of the district of Bragança (Bergáncia in Mirandese) , that speaks the Transmontano dialect of Portuguese. Although Mirandese has been lost in said region, it left some words and phonetic influences behind. The following measures have been taken to protect and develop Mirandese: The following is a sample text of the Mirandese language, written by Amadeu Ferreira, and published in
816-453: The longer feminine form of Joséphine [ʒozefin] , and may also be coupled with other names in feminine name composites. Similarly, in Flemish , José is a male given name, for which the feminine written form is Josée , with both forms being pronounced [ˈjoːseː] , but the spelling stems originally from neighboring French-speaking influence. In Dutch , however, José
850-458: The modern varieties of Astur-Leonese spoken in Spain. In recognition of these differences, and due to its political isolation from the rest of the Astur-Leonese speaking territory, Mirandese has adopted a different written norm to the one used in Spain for Astur-Leonese. Until 1884, Mirandese was a purely spoken language, but in that year, José Leite de Vasconcelos wrote "Flores Mirandézas" (Froles Mirandesas in modern Mirandese, 'Mirandese Flowers'),
884-722: The most widely used diminutive form of the name is Zé , and less used forms include Zeca , Zezé , Zezinho , Zuca , and Juca . The augmentative of the diminutive may occur as in Zezão , as well as the diminutive of the diminutive Zequinha , Zezinho, Josesito. Mirandese language Mirandese ( mirandés [mi.ɾɐ̃ˈdɛs̺; mi.ɾɐnˈdɛs̺] ; lhéngua mirandesa [ˈʎɛ̃.gwɐ/ˈʎɛn.gwɐ mi.ɾɐ̃ˈdɛz̺ɐ/ mi.ɾɐnˈdɛz̺ɐ] in Central and Raiano, and léngua mirandesa [ˈlɛ̃.gwɐ/ˈlɛn.gwɐ mi.ɾɐ̃ˈdɛz̺ɐ/ mi.ɾɐnˈdɛz̺ɐ] in Sendinese)
918-651: The municipality of Bumioso and the municipalities of Mogadouro , Macedo de Cavaleiros and Bragança . A 2020 survey by University of Vigo, carried out in Miranda do Douro, estimated the number of speakers of the language to be around 3,500 with 1,500 of them being regular speakers. The study observed strong decline in the usage of language in younger people. Three variants of the Mirandese language exist: Border Mirandese ( Mirandés Raiano ), Central Mirandese ( Mirandés Central ) and Sendinese ( Sendinés ). Most speakers of Mirandese also speak Portuguese. Despite there being
952-414: The name José , pronounced [ʒoze] , is an old vernacular form of Joseph, which is also in current usage as a given name. José is also commonly used as part of masculine name composites, such as José Manuel, José Maria or Antonio José, and also in female name composites like Maria José or Marie-José. The feminine written form is Josée as in French. In Netherlandic Dutch , however, José
986-786: The newspaper Público , on 24 July 2007. Muitas lhénguas ténen proua de ls sous pergaminos antigos, de la lhiteratura screbida hai cientos d'anhos i de scritores hai muito afamados, hoije bandeiras dessas lhénguas. Mas outras hai que nun puoden tener proua de nada desso, cumo ye l causo de la lhéngua mirandesa. Muitas línguas têm orgulho dos seus pergaminhos antigos, da literatura escrita há centenas de anos e de escritores muito famosos, hoje bandeiras dessas línguas. Mas há outras que não podem ter orgulho de nada disso, como é o caso da língua mirandesa. Many languages take pride in their ancient scrolls, their centuries-old literature, and in famous writers, today standards of those languages. But there are others which can't boast of any of this, as in
1020-635: The primary and lower secondary level, and has thus been somewhat recovering. By Law 7/99, Mirandese was given official recognition by the Assembly of the Republic alongside Portuguese. The law provides for its promotion and allows its usage for local matters in Miranda do Douro . Today Mirandese retains speakers in most of the villages of the municipality of Miranda de l Douro and in some villages of Bumioso (such as Vilar Seco and Angueira ); and some linguistic influence can be observed at other villages of
1054-623: The word mismo ). The sounds, from a total of seven sibilants once shared by medieval Ibero-Romance languages, were partly preserved in Catalan , Galician , and Occitan , and have survived integrally in Mirandese and in the dialects of northern Portugal . In those regions of north-western Spain where the Galician and Asturian languages are spoken, the name is spelt Xosé and pronounced [ʃo'se] . The Portuguese given name José
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1088-413: Was first recognised and a writing system was established, it used to have ⟨ â ⟩, ⟨ ê ⟩ and ⟨ ô ⟩ (like Portuguese) to represent [ɐ], [e] and [o] respectively. It has since fallen in disuse, one of the reasons being that ⟨ ô ⟩ was utilised in the diphthong ⟨ uô ⟩, but this writing was only accurate in the Central and Raiano dialect, where it
1122-582: Was officially recognised by the European Bureau for Lesser-Used Languages , which aims to promote the survival of the least spoken European languages. Mirandese has a distinct phonology , morphology and syntax . It has its roots in the local Vulgar Latin spoken in the northern Iberian Peninsula . Mirandese is a descendant of the Astur-Leonese variety spoken in the Kingdom of León and has both archaisms and innovations that differentiate it from
1156-442: Was read [wo], unlike the Sendinese dialect, where it was read [u] or occasionally [ʊu] . Mirandese, given its status as a recognised language in Portugal after Portuguese, has been the subject in recent years of some publicity and attention in other parts of Portugal. A monthly chronicle in Mirandese, by researcher and writer Amadeu Ferreira , appears in the daily Portuguese national newspaper Público . The first volume of
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