The Pequot Fort was a fortified Native American village in what is now the Groton side of Mystic, Connecticut , United States. Located atop a ridge overlooking the Mystic River , it was a palisaded settlement of the Pequot tribe until its destruction by Puritan and Mohegan forces in the 1637 Mystic massacre during the Pequot War . The exact location of its archaeological remains is not certain, but it is commemorated by a small memorial at Pequot Avenue and Clift Street. The site previously included a statue of Major John Mason , who led the forces that destroyed the fort; it was removed in 1995 after protests by Pequot tribal members. The archaeological site was added to the National Register of Historic Places in 1990.
19-589: The fort was located on top of Pequot Hill along Pequot Avenue just north of the village of West Mystic . In the early 17th century, the Pequots were the largest and politically dominant tribe in what is now eastern Connecticut. In the 1630s tensions rose over a variety of issues between the Pequots and their neighbors, among them the Narragansetts to the east, the Mohegans to the north, English settlers of
38-518: A 19th century town all in place, in good condition, and still in use, as they are in Mystic. The variety of architectural styles that the prosperous seafaring citizens employed in building up their community provide fine examples of the ongoing, 19th-century development of taste and design." The district's boundaries are similar to those of a local historic district that was designated in 1974, but it includes more modern structures than were included in
57-580: A band of Narragansetts, against the Pequot fort at Mystic. In the Mystic massacre on May 26, 1637, this force slaughtered 400 to 700 men, women and children of the Pequot Indian Tribe, and burned the fort. This action put the remaining Pequots to flight, and by the end of the war they had been destroyed as a viable polity. In 1889 a statue of John Mason, designed by sculptor James C.G. Hamilton,
76-511: A specific formulaic style in its own right. The term "Queen Anne", as an alternative both to the French-derived Second Empire style and the less "domestic" Beaux-Arts style , is broadly applied to architecture, furniture and decorative arts of the period from 1880 to 1910. Some Queen Anne architectural elements, such as the wrap-around front porch, continued to be found into the 1920s. Queen Anne style buildings in
95-429: A weathered look on a new building, even had the cedar shakes dipped in buttermilk, dried, and then installed, to leave a grayish tinge to the façade. The shingle-style also conveyed a sense of the house as continuous volume. This effect—of the building as an envelope of space, rather than a great mass, was enhanced by the visual tautness of the flat shingled surfaces, the horizontal shape of many shingle-style houses, and
114-767: Is an example, built in 1904 in rural Nashville, Georgia . Characteristics of the Queen Anne cottage style are: The Shingle style in America was made popular by the rise of the New England school of architecture, which eschewed the highly ornamented patterns of the Eastlake style . In the Shingle style, English influence was combined with the renewed interest in Colonial American architecture which followed
133-947: Is largely confined to the treatment of picturesquely disposed windows, with small-paned upper sashes and plate glass lower ones. Triple windows of a Serlian motif and a two-story oriel window that projects asymmetrically were frequently featured. The most famous American Queen Anne residence is the Carson Mansion in Eureka, California . Newsom and Newsom were notable builder-architects of 19th-century California homes and public buildings, and they designed and constructed (1884–1886) this 18-room home for William Carson, one of California's first lumber barons . After 1885, use of Eastlake -style trim shifted to "free classic" or Colonial Revival trim, including pedimented entryways and Palladian windows . Smaller and somewhat plainer houses can also be Queen Anne. The William G. Harrison House
152-781: The Connecticut and Saybrook colonies, and the Dutch colony of New Netherland . The Pequot War broke out in 1636, after English trader John Oldham was found murdered on his boat near Block Island . The Pequots were accused of sheltering the murderers, and one of their villages was burned by a Massachusetts Bay Colony force led by John Endecott . The Pequots responded by making attacks on Saybrook, Connecticut, and other Connecticut communities, to which they latter responded by organizing another expedition. Captain John Mason led 90 colonists and 100 Mohegan Indians, later augmented by
171-562: The Eastlake movement . The style bears almost no relationship to the original Queen Anne style architecture in Britain (a toned-down version of English Baroque that was used mostly for gentry houses) which appeared during the time of Queen Anne , who reigned from 1702 to 1714, nor of Queen Anne Revival (which appeared in the latter 19th century there). The American style covers a wide range of picturesque buildings with "free Renaissance" (non- Gothic Revival ) details, rather than being
190-529: The 1876 celebration of the United States Centennial. Architects emulated colonial houses' plain, shingled surfaces as well as their massing, whether in the simple gable of McKim, Mead and White 's Low House or in the complex massing of Kragsyde , which looked almost as if a colonial house had been fancifully expanded over many years. This impression of the passage of time was enhanced by the use of shingles. Some architects, in order to attain
209-470: The 19th century. The historic district includes properties along Route 1 , West Mystic Avenue, Route 215 , High Street, Pearl Street, and Cliff Street. Mystic Pizza is located in the district, made famous by the movie of the same name . According to the 1979 National Register nomination, the importance of the district is derived "from the completeness of the 19th-century community here preserved. Seldom are houses, public buildings, stores, and factories of
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#1732780650644228-733: The United States Queen Anne style architecture was one of a number of popular Victorian architectural styles that emerged in the United States during the period from roughly 1880 to 1910. It is sometimes grouped as New World Queen Anne Revival architecture . Popular there during this time, it followed the Second Empire and Stick styles and preceded the Richardsonian Romanesque and Shingle styles. Sub-movements of Queen Anne include
247-666: The United States came into vogue during the 1880s, replacing the French-derived Second Empire as the 'style of the moment'. The popularity of high Queen Anne style waned in the early 1900s, but some elements continued to be found on buildings into the 1920s, such as the wrap-around front porch (often L-shaped). Distinctive features of the American Queen Anne style may include: The British 19th-century Queen Anne style that had been formulated there by Norman Shaw and other architects arrived in New York City with
266-440: The emphasis on horizontal continuity, both in exterior details and in the flow of spaces within the houses. McKim, Mead and White and Peabody and Stearns were two of the notable firms of the era that helped to popularize the shingle style, through their large-scale commissions for "seaside cottages" of the rich and the well-to-do in such places as Newport, Rhode Island. However, the most famous Shingle-style house built in America
285-479: The local designation, and its boundary lines are less irregular. It includes the former train depot of West Mystic. In 1978, the district included about 470 sites and structures, of which 265 were houses built in Greek Revival , Italianate , or Queen Anne architectural styles that were popular during the 19th century. Two historic sites in the district are: Queen Anne style architecture in
304-898: The new housing for the New York House and School of Industry at 120 West 16th Street (designed by Sidney V. Stratton , 1878). The Astral Apartments that were built in Brooklyn in 1885–1886 (to house workers) are an example of red-brick and terracotta Queen Anne architecture in New York. E. Francis Baldwin 's stations for the Baltimore and Ohio Railroad are also familiar examples of the style, built variously of brick and wood. Gabled and domestically scaled, these early American Queen Anne homes were built of warm, soft brick enclosing square terracotta panels, with an arched side passage leading to an inner court and back house. Their detailing
323-598: The site from the 17th to 19th centuries. West Mystic The Mystic River Historic District encompasses the part of the village of Mystic, Connecticut that is on the Groton side of the Mystic River . The district was added to the National Register of Historic Places on August 24, 1979, approximately 235-acre (95 ha) which includes much of the village of West Mystic and many buildings from
342-403: The statue was moved to Windsor in 1996. The circle where the statue previously stood is now home to what the Pequots consider a tree of life . Archaeological investigation of the summit area of Pequot Hill has yielded numerous Native American and early colonial artifacts, with features that are interpreted as a palisaded village. The finds are consistent with post-destruction documentation of
361-403: Was placed on Pequot Hill near the site where the massacre occurred. The memorial included a plaque recalling Mason's role in leading the attack on the fort. In the early 1990s, members of the Pequot tribe petitioned for the statue's removal, claiming offense at the commemoration of a killer of innocent people, and that its location was ground they considered sacred. After several years of debate,
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