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82-523: The two main islands are Perhentian Besar ("Greater Perhentian") and Perhentian Kecil ("Lesser Perhentian"). The small, uninhabited islands of Susu Dara ( Virgin Milk ), Serengeh and Rawa, lie off Kecil. As in the rest of Besut, people generally speak Kelantanese Malay . However, English is also widely spoken. The name "Perhentian" means "stopping point" in Malay, referring to the islands' traditional role as

164-525: A devout ruler who promoted trade and stable government. Terengganu prospered, and was largely left alone by the authorities in Bangkok unlike in neighbouring Patani and Kelantan. The period also witnessed the existence of a Terengganuan vassal of Besut Darul Iman . The terms of the Anglo-Siamese Treaty of 1909 saw power over Terengganu transferred from Siam to Britain . A British advisor

246-399: A few subdialects): Kelantan : Coastal (Narathiwat, Besut dialects), Central / River, Dabong / Inland Pattani : Yala, Saiburi, Bana Taning, Chenok / Chana, Nonthaburi / Bangkok Reman : Grik, Sik, Baling, Padang Terap, Batu Kugho / Selama, Southern Yala Creole/Pidgin : Samsam Malay (a mixed language of Thai and Pattani Malay spoken by those of mixed Thai-Malay ancestry) Kelantanese

328-697: A mostly Thai-speaking population of mixed Malay and Thai ancestry. Kelantan-Pattani Malay is highly divergent from other Malay varieties because of its geographical isolation from the rest of the Malay world by high mountains, deep rainforests and the Gulf of Thailand . It is also influenced by Thai in Thailand. Kelantanese-Pattani Malay is distinct enough that radio broadcasts in Standard Malay cannot be understood easily by native speakers of Kelantan-Pattani Malay, such as those in Thailand, who are not taught

410-584: A number of Mandarin speakers are increasing. Indians in Terengganu mostly speak Malaysian Tamil . There is also an Orang Asli languages such as Batek and Semaq Beri , spoken in inland parts of Terengganu and is part of the Austroasiatic language family . There is also a small number of Cham language speakers spoken by a small community of Cham people in Dungun. According to the 2020 Census,

492-423: A population of 1,015,776 as of 2010 , which increased to 1,149,440 in 2020. The official mid-year estimate in 2023 was 1,209,400. In 2006, Malays made up 94.7% of the population and Chinese , 2.6%, while Indians 0.2% and other ethnic groups comprise the remainder, 2.4%. According to the 2010 census, the ethnic composition of Terengganu was 97% Bumiputras, 2.6% Chinese, 0.2% Indian, and 0.1% others. In 2000,

574-709: A powerful kingdom based either in Kedah or Patani in the 1st century AD. In the 7th century, the dynasty of Langkasuka that once ruled over Terengganu was replaced by a new kingdom called Srivijaya . Under Srivijaya, Terengganu traded extensively with other kingdoms in the Malay Peninsula, Borneo and Sumatra, Champa , the Khmer Empire , the Majapahit Empire and especially the Chinese. Terengganu

656-442: A reputation for being socially conservative and devout Muslims . The major tourist attractions in the state include: Kuala Terengganu , the capital; Islamic Heritage Park , Tasik Kenyir , a large artificial lake; Sekayu Waterfalls; Kuala Ibai Lagoons; Batu Burok Beach, Kemasik Beach, Rantau Abang, Setiu Wetlands , Marang, Chukai town and several offshore islands such as Pulau Redang , Pulau Lang Tengah , and Pulau Kapas , and

738-454: A rich hoard of game, fur and sandalwood, which impressed their neighbours. They asked the hunters where they sourced their riches, to which they replied, from the land of taring anu , which later evolved into Terengganu. Terengganu was called Trangkanu ( Thai : ตรังกานู ) by the Siamese when it was under their influence. Terengganuans usually pronounce Terengganu as Tranung or Ganu with

820-551: A second term as Menteri Besar . In what political analysts described as a possible constitutional crisis , trouble began to precipitate after the Sultan of Terengganu , Tuanku Mizan Zainal Abidin , who is also the then Yang di-Pertuan Agong (King) of Malaysia refused to re-appoint and swear in Idris as Menteri Besar. Similar problems occurred in the state of Perlis where the PM's choice

902-482: A set of stress rules that is quite different to that of Standard Malay. Generally, in Kelantan-Pattani Malay, the primary stress falls on the last syllable if the word starts with a single consonant. However, in words with more than one syllable, syllables with a schwa /ə/ are unstressed. Syllables that do not have the schwa and are not in the word-final position take the secondary stress. If

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984-530: A significant green and hawksbill sea turtle nesting population. The Department of Fisheries runs a turtle hatchery on the islands to help address the declining turtle populations. Egg poaching from the beaches is a continuing problem. Kelantanese Malay Kelantan-Pattani Malay ( Malay : bahasa Melayu Kelantan/Patani ; Thai : ภาษายาวี ; baso Taning in Pattani; kecek Klate in Kelantan)

1066-516: A supplement that came into force in 1959. The official English title for the 1911 constitution is "The Constitution of the Way of Illustrious Sovereignty". The 1959 constitutional supplement is divided into two sections. The sections' official English language titles are "The Laws of the Constitution of Terengganu (First Part)" and "The Laws of the Constitution of Terengganu (Second Part)" The Sultan

1148-463: A waypoint for traders between Bangkok and Malaysia . The islands were sparsely inhabited by fishers for centuries, although tourism now accounts for most of the economic activity. The Perhentian Islands appear on many maps from the nineteenth and twentieth century as 'The Station Islands'. This arises from the British colonial period, as an English translation of "stopping point". Pulau Perhentian

1230-489: A word has an initial syllable with a geminated consonant, that syllable automatically takes the primary stress. Terengganu Terengganu ( Malay pronunciation: [tərəŋɡanu] ; Terengganu Malay : Tranung , Jawi : ترڠݢانو ‎ – formerly spelled Trengganu or Tringganu ) is a sultanate and federal state of Malaysia . The state is also known by its Arabic honorific, Dāru l- Īmān ("Abode of Faith"). The coastal city of Kuala Terengganu , at

1312-580: Is a mixture of Chinese (mostly Hokkien) and Malay (Terengganu Malay) cultures, which can be seen in their cuisine and clothing and their language as well. Indians in Terengganu are mostly Tamils and the majority are adherents of Hinduism, although a minority follow Islam . Like their Chinese counterparts, the Indian community in Terengganu are highly assimilated, with many fluent in Terengganu Malay along with Tamil, Standard Malay and English. There

1394-790: Is also known as the Kedah Hulu dialect (in Kedah) and the Perak Hulu dialect (in Perak). However, these terms only apply to political and geographical factors rather than linguistic ones. This Reman variant has many dialects and subdialects across the areas where this variant is spoken. Kelantanese Malay is written both in Latin and in the Jawi alphabet , a writing system based on the Arabic script . This

1476-692: Is an Austronesian language of the Malayic subfamily spoken in the Malaysian state of Kelantan , as well as in Besut and Setiu districts of Terengganu state and the Perhentian Islands , and in the southernmost provinces of Thailand . It is the primary spoken language of Thai Malays and used as a lingua franca by ethnic Southern Thais in rural areas, Muslim and non-Muslim and the Sam-Sam,

1558-531: Is bordered to the northwest by Kelantan , to the southwest by Pahang , and to the east by the South China Sea . The state has a total area of 13,035 km (5,033 sq mi). Its topographical profile ranges from relatively level on the east coast and gradually becomes more hilly and mountainous towards the west, as its western borders are delineated by the Pantai Timur Range , with

1640-468: Is different enough from Standand Malay that it is often unintelligible to speakers of the standard language. Differences include some differences in vocabulary, and different sound correspondences. The influence of Southern Thai and the Kelantan-Pattani Malay in Pattani upon each other is great, and both have large numbers of loanwords from the other. The influence of the Thai language makes comprehension between

1722-535: Is distinct from standard Malay and Kelantan-Pattani Malay , except for those in Besut district, Perhentian Islands and some parts of Setiu where Kelantanese are more dominant. Those that live in Hulu Terengganu had their own distinct variant but closely related to Coastal Terengganu Malay. Chinese Terengganuans are predominantly Hoklo people and thus mostly speak Hokkien as their first language , although

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1804-405: Is in stark contrast to the rest of the general population of Malay speakers in both Malaysia and Indonesia that now mainly use the Latin script, known in Malay as rumi ( رومي ), for daily communication. Today, Pattani Malay is generally not a written language , though it is sometimes written in informal settings. An old-fashioned form of standard Malay is used when writing is needed rather than

1886-423: Is now Terengannu as either Perimula, Kole Polis or Tharra . The earliest written reports on the area that mentioned the name "Terengganu" were by Chinese merchants and seafarers in the early 6th century A.D. During the early Hindu – Buddhist period, Terengganu was known as Tan-Tan which is based in what is now Kuala Telemong. It was a small ancient polity that came under the influence of Langkasuka ,

1968-595: Is often called bahasa Patani in Pattani. Kelantanese is known in Standard Malay as bahasa Kelantan , and in Kelantanese as baso Kelate . It is also known as baso Besut or Kecek Kelate-Besut in Besut and Setiu of Terengganu State. One variant of Kelantan-Pattani Malay is the Reman variant, also known as bahasa Reman (according to the speakers of this area; the areas where this variant

2050-617: Is one major Hindu temple in Kuala Terengganu. Most Indians in Terengganu live in urban areas like Kuala Terengganu. The Siamese in Terengganu maintain a small but well-organised community. They can be found in Besut and few in Setiu and Kuala Terengganu. Physically, there is little difference between Malays and Siamese other than their name and religion. Their native language is Southern Thai language but most speak Kelantanese as large numbers of them live in Besut. The Orang Aslis are

2132-448: Is ruled by Sharia Law which only applies to Muslims. In 2002, the state of Terengganu passed Syariah Criminal Offenses (Hudud And Qisas) Enactment 2002 which would allow canings, amputation of hands and stoning, however this was unenforced due to the limit set in Act 355. In September 2018, two women were given six strokes of the cane for attempting to have same-sex relations. Terengganu has

2214-673: Is spoken in the Malaysian state of Kelantan , as well as in Besut and Setiu districts of Terengganu and the Perhentian Islands . It is also spoken in the Merapoh township, in the Lipis district of Pahang since this town borders the state of Kelantan. Many people in the districts of Baling , Sik and Padang Terap in Kedah as well as the Hulu Perak district of Perak speak Kelantan-Patani language of Reman dialects, since most of

2296-807: Is the constitutional ruler of the state of Terengganu. The State Constitution proclaims that the Sultan is "the Ruler and fountain head of all authority of government in the State and Territory of Terengganu", the Head of the Religion of Islam in the state and the source of all titles, honours and dignities in the state. He is also vested with the Executive Power of the State. The hereditary Sultan of Terengganu since 1998 has been Sultan Mizan Zainal Abidin. As per both

2378-636: The Paleolithic era as evidenced by the discovery of a skeleton in Gua Bewah, Hulu Terengganu in 2009. The skeleton, called Bewah Man (Malay: Orang Bewah ), has been analyzed as 5,000 years older than skeletons found in Perak , making it the oldest known modern human skeleton in the country. Terengganu's location by the South China Sea ensured that it was on trade routes since ancient times. Based on Ptolemy 's 2nd atlus Geography referred to what

2460-617: The Pan-Malaysian Islamic Party (PAS) came to power in 1999 , making Terengganu the second state in Malaysia to be ruled by the Islamist party (the first being neighbouring Kelantan). Barisan Nasional were brought back into power in Terengganu in the 2004 Malaysian general election , which continued to govern it until the 2018 Malaysian general election . Terengganu is situated in eastern Peninsular Malaysia , and

2542-539: The general election in 1959 was turned over to Perikatan in Nov 1961, due to a vote of no confidence in the State Assembly and the fact that two PAS assemblymen switched parties Following the ruling party UMNO's return to power over Terengganu after winning 24 out of 32 seats in the 2008 general elections , Prime Minister (PM) Abdullah Ahmad Badawi put forth the reappointment of Datuk Seri Idris Jusoh to

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2624-410: The standard variety of the language . Unlike Malaysia, where Standard Malay is compulsory in the school curriculum, no one is required to learn Standard Malay in Thailand and so there is potentially less language influence from Standard Malay but potentially more from Thai . It is also distinct from Kedah Malay , Pahang Malay and Terengganu Malay , but those languages are much more closely related to

2706-434: The 14th century, the area became vassals to Ayutthaya , but the region was autonomous and never fully incorporated into modern Thai nation-state until 1902. This political autonomy and isolation from the rest of the Malay world allowed for the preservation of the Malay language and culture but also led to the divergence of the dialect. Kelantan-Pattani Malay can be divided into three major variants and several dialects (and

2788-504: The 80s. Terengganu's main industry now is petroleum and gas. There are huge petrochemical complexes near Paka and Kerteh , involving many joint ventures between the Malaysian national oil company, Petronas , and foreign multinationals . Tourism and fishing are also major industries in Terengganu, a state with a long coastline . Agriculture also remains important, with banana , rambutan , durian , watermelon , and various other fruits and vegetables available in season. Terengganu

2870-614: The Chief Minister was selected by the Sultan. Since the declaration of independence of Malaysia (then called Tanah Melayu) and the first general election, the Chief Minister has been the State Assembly (ADUN) member elected by a majority of all State Assembly members, who are themselves elected by universal adult suffrage of the citizens of their constituencies. Below is the list of the Chief Ministers of Terengganu from 1925. Note:* The state Government formed by PAS after

2952-474: The Federal Territory of Putrajaya , is one of the most homogeneous states/territories in the country of which 95% of the population are ethnic Malay-Muslims with its own distinct language/dialect, culture, history, and tradition. Located on the east coast of Peninsular Malaysia, Terengganu borders the state of Kelantan to the north and Pahang to the west and south, and the South China Sea to

3034-426: The G often being emphasized. The traditional Chinese name for Terengganu has been "丁加奴" ( Pinyin : dīngjiānú), which is a direct transcription of the Malay name. However, in recent years, the Chinese community in Terengganu has raised objections to the name, citing that the characters used loosely translate to "giving birth to a child who will become a slave" (Chinese: 添丁加做奴). Therefore, they successfully petitioned

3116-441: The Indian population are Hindus (69.8%), with a significant minorities of numbers identifying as Muslims (18.1%), Christians (5.3%) and Buddhists (4.9%). The non-Malay bumiputera community are predominantly Muslims (56.8%), with significant minorities identifying as Christians (33.2%) and Buddhists (5.6%). All Malays are Muslims. Terengganu used to be Malaysia's poorest state until oil and gas were discovered off its coastline in

3198-766: The Kelantanese-Pattani Malay language than Standard Malay. The language is often referred to in Thai as phasa Yawi ( Thai : ภาษายาวี ; IPA: [pʰāːsǎː jāːwīː] ), which is a corruption of the Malay name for the modified Arabic alphabet for writing Malay, Jawi ( Jawi : جاوي ‎; IPA [ɟaˈwi] ). It is also referred to in Thai as phasa Malayu Pattani ( Thai : ภาษามลายูปัตตานี ; IPA: [pʰāːsǎː mālāːjūː pàttāːnīː] ) and similarly locally in Malay as bahasa Melayu Patani ( Jawi : بهاس ملايو ڤطاني ‎ , Rumi : bahasa Melayu Patani , local pronunciation: [baˈsɔ ˈnːaju ˈtːaniŋ] ). The language

3280-464: The Malay people there are the descendants of Kelantanese migrants and Pattani refugees (in which whereby these regions were once parts of the Reman Kingdom of Pattani). Pattani Malay is the main language of the Thai provinces Narathiwat , Yala and Pattani where ethnic Malays make up the majority of the population, it is also spoken in parts of Songkhla and Bangkok . It is less spoken in

3362-581: The Malaysian Book of Records for having the cleanest beach in the country. Many of the most popular islands in Malaysia are located in the state such as Perhentian , Kapas , and Redang islands, as well as Bidong Island , once a refuge to tens of thousands of Vietnamese refugees in the 1970s. There are several theories on the origin of the name "Terengganu". One theory attributes the name's origin to terang ganu , Malay for 'bright rainbow '. Another story, said to have been originally narrated by

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3444-492: The Malaysian and state constitutions, the Yang di-Pertuan Agong or King of Malaysia cannot simultaneously reign as federal Head of State and ruler of his own state. This means that a state ruler must appoint a regent to govern in his absence. Between 2006 and 2011, the current Sultan served as the 13th King of Malaysia, naming his eldest son and heir apparent, Tengku Muhammad Ismail , as Regent ( Pemangku Raja ) of Terengganu. As he

3526-772: The Pattani variety of Kelatan-Pattani Malay and Standard Malay a bit more difficult than comprehension between the Kelantanese variety of Kelantan-Pattani Malay and Standard Malay. (SM ≙ KPM) (SM) (KPM) (SM ≙ KPM) (SM) (KPM) final /r/ and /n/ after non-a vowel mid /d͡ʒ/ Note(s): Speakers in the Pattani region are also noted to use loans directly from Thai such as tahang "army" from ทหาร RTGS :  tá-hǎan , torosak "telephone" from โทรศัพท์ RTGS :  toorá-sàp and besek "receipt" from ใบเสร็จ RTGS :  bai-set . Gemination occurs for various purposes and in various forms in Kelatan-Pattani Malay. At

3608-717: The Perhentian archipelago other than Perhentian Besar and Perhentian Kecil. These islands are uninhabited, but are accessible by boat and sometimes used as snorkeling and scuba diving sites. For land administration purpose, 9 islands including the 2 main islands form the Perhentian Islands Mukim of the Besut District. Of these, 3 islands were protected and gazetted as marine parks by the Department of Fisheries and zoned 2 nautical miles (3.7 km) from

3690-478: The appointment of the Menteri Besar, explaining that there was no intention to disparage or humiliate the royal household. The apparent backdown was due to threat that the royal household would be prepared to dissolve the state assembly if the motion of no-confidence was initiated against Ahmad Said , which would trigger another election in what is already a climate of discontent towards the ruling party and

3772-489: The daughter of the ruler of Kelantan. European accounts of the time praised the well-ordered administration of his rule, while at the same time he was highly respected by his subjects. In the 19th century, Terengganu became a vassal state of the Thai Rattanakosin Kingdom , and sent tribute every year called bunga mas . This occurred under the reign of Sultan Omar Riayat Shah , who was remembered as

3854-579: The east. Terengganu is geographically divided into sparsely populated and mountainous inland (known as the Terengganu Highlands of which the highest point is Mount Lawit at 1,519 metres) that span from the border with Kelantan to Kemaman district and largely flat coastal plains of which most of the state's 1.1 million people are concentrated. The state is known for having the longest coastline in Peninsular Malaysia and achieved

3936-535: The emergence of the Johor Sultanate . Terengganu emerged as an independent sultanate in 1724. The first sultan was Tun Zainal Abidin, the younger brother of a former sultan of Johor , and Johor strongly influenced Terengganu's politics through the 18th century. However, in the book Tuhfat al-Nafis , the author, Raja Ali Haji, mentions that in 1708, Tun Zainal Abidin was installed as the Sultan of Terengganu by Daeng Menampuk – also known as Raja Tua – under

4018-404: The fact that the new name contains too many character strokes, making it much more difficult to write. They have proposed to revert the name to the version used before 2004, but with the word "奴" (slave, which was mainly the cause of the controversy) to the similar sounding, but more positive "努" (perseverance). Human activity may have been present in Terengganu as early as 16,000 years ago during

4100-574: The highest point being Mount Lawit . The range acts as the main watershed for the state's riverine systems, as it is also home to Kenyir Lake , which is the source of the Terengganu River , is the largest man-made lake in Malaysia and serves as the state's major reservoir. Several outlying islands, including the Perhentians , Kapas and Redang , are also a part of the state. The Constitution of Terengganu came into force in 1911. It has

4182-966: The indigenous peoples of Peninsular Malaysia. In Terengganu they can be found mostly in Hulu Terengganu and Besut districts. There are two Orang Asli ethnic groups in Terengganu, the Semaq Beris live near Lake Kenyir or other parts of the district. They belong to Senoi group. Besides the Semaq Beris, there are also Batek people , a Semang ethnic group mostly found in interior parts of Terengganu, especially in Taman Negara area or in other parts of Terengganu. Both Semaq Beris and Bateks still maintain their semi-nomadic lifestyle, although some now live in permanent homes. Both are also speakers of Austroasiatic languages . The people of Terengganu generally speak Coastal Terengganu Malay , which

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4264-468: The islands are essentially closed off to tourists. Resorts and ferry services are stopped during this time due to the weather but there is still a boat service daily to serve the fishermen village at Pulau Perhentian Kecil. On average each year, the Perhentian Islands receive over 98.3 plus inches of rain and experience roughly 12 daylight hours. Utilities on the island have not kept pace with

4346-458: The largest minority ethnic group in the state. They are mostly Hokkien by ancestry and speak a dialect of Hokkien . Unlike other parts of Malaysia, the Chinese in Terengganu are much more assimilated; they speak fluent local Malay (Terengganuan in most parts of Terengganu and Kelantanese in Besut) and also share a similar lifestyle. They also have a local Peranakan culture known as "Mek Awang" which

4428-543: The leadership", he went to the office in Wisma Darul Iman to begin the first day of his new appointment on 25 March 2008. The party announced earlier that they made good on their promise to remove his membership, which technically disqualifies him to be appointed as Menteri Besar in the first place. The ruling also planned to vote down the sultan's choice through a motion of no-confidence by 22 UMNO state assemblymen. The opposition party Parti Islam SeMalaysia in

4510-407: The local dialect. A phonetic rendering of Pattani Malay in the Thai alphabet has been introduced, but it has not been met with much success due to the socio-religious significance of Jawi to Muslim Malays. Southern Thailand has continued to be a region affected by two cultural spheres: the mainly Buddhist, Thai-speaking Siamese kingdoms and the mainly Muslim, Malay-speaking sultanates. The region

4592-465: The meantime promised that its assemblymen would support Ahmad Said as Menteri Besar. On 26 March 2008 however, PM Abdullah Ahmad Badawi and Sultan Mizan Zainal Abidin met at Istana Negara to resolve the deadlock. The Prime Minister reversed his stance and decided to accept the King's appointment of Ahmad Said as Chief Minister of Terengganu. He also apologised to the King for the public spat over

4674-549: The most well known is the Ulek Mayang . Besut Malays Besut Malays are predominantly found in the district of Besut and northern Setiu. Despite being Terengganu citizens, they are ethnically, linguistically, and culturally closer to, and still maintain strong ties with, Kelantan. Most Malays in Besut and northern Setiu speak only Kelantanese, although those who have long been exposed to other districts of Terengganu can speak Terengganuan as well. The Chinese Terengganuan form

4756-442: The mouth of the Terengganu River , is both the state and royal capital as well as the most populous city in Terengganu. Other major cities and towns include Jerteh , Kuala Dungun , Chukai , Kuala Berang , Marang , and Permaisuri . At 13,035 square kilometres in size and a population of over 1.2 million people in 2023, Terengganu is Malaysia's 7th largest state and 10th most populated. Terengganu, along with Kelantan, Perlis , and

4838-430: The ninth Sultan of Terengganu , Baginda Omar , tells of a party of hunters from Pahang roving and hunting in the area of what is now southern Terengganu. One of the hunters spotted a large animal fang lying on the ground. A fellow party member asked what animal the fang belonged too. The hunter, not knowing which animal, simply answered taring anu (Malay: 'fang of something'). The party later returned to Pahang with

4920-413: The phonemic level, these geminations are transcribed as /CC/ but they are pronounced as [Cː] so /dd/ is pronounced as [dː] . These geminations are derived by deleting the initial syllable and replacing it with a geminated form of the initial consonant of the remaining word. These geminates are derived by deleting the initial morpheme of a reduplicated word and replacing it with a geminated form of

5002-478: The population is ethnically Malay, but there are other ethnic groups that live in the state as well, including Chinese (mostly Hokkien), Indians (mostly Tamils), Siamese, and Orang Aslis (Batek and Semaq Beri). Malays are the largest ethnic group in the state with more than 94% of the population. The Malays in Terengganu are distinct from Malays of other parts of the country, they have unique cultures, traditions and spoken language. There are two sub-groups of Malays in

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5084-417: The population of Terengganu is 96.9% Muslim , 2.5% Buddhist , 0.2% Hindu , 0.2% Christian , and 0.1% follower of Chinese folk religions or unknown affiliation. Statistics from the 2010 Census indicate that 91.4% of the Chinese population are identified as Buddhists, with significant minorities of adherents identifying as Christians (4.7%), Chinese folk religions (1.6%) and Muslims (1.4%). The majority of

5166-425: The possibility of dissenting assemblymen defecting to the opposition. The UMNO Supreme Council proceeded to endorse Ahmad Said as the new Menteri Besar of Terengganu. With the resolution of the impasse, Ahmad Said expressed his gratefulness on his appointment and paid tribute to Idris, an old friend he has known since university, for the work he has done for the Terengganu people so far and to seek his advice. After

5248-737: The province of Satun , where despite making up the majority, ethnic Malays generally speak Southern Thai and their Malay dialect is similar to Kedah Malay . It is also spoken in scattered villages as far north as Hat Yai . In the past, Malay was the main language as far north as the Isthmus of Kra , the traditional division between Central Thailand and Southern Thailand , based on the preponderance of etymologically Malay place names. There are 21 consonants and 12 vowels in Pattani Malay. The phonemes /r/ and /z/ only appear in some loanwords or proper names. Note(s): Kelantan-Pattani Malay

5330-432: The rapid expansion in tourism. In the summer of 2007, two wind turbines were installed, although they were still not connected to the network as of August 2013, leaving diesel generators as the main source of the islands' electrical power. The islands have mobile phone coverage, but as of 2022 still lack a sewerage system, leading some resorts to discharge wastewater directly into the sea. The Perhentian Islands are home to

5412-479: The regulatory commission for Chinese language in Malaysia to change the Chinese name for the state to "登嘉楼" (Pinyin: dēngjiālóu), which can be loosely translated to "aspiring/stepping up to a higher level", in September 2004. The new name was in unofficial use by the state's Chinese community for at least 30 years before its official adoption. Certain segments of the Chinese community opposed the name change, citing

5494-427: The remaining morpheme. Unlike the geminations acquired from initial syllable reduction, these geminates are not free variants of their Standard Malay counterparts. In this situation, a word with a function is deleted and the word afterwards is geminated. This sort of gemination is a free variant of its Standard Malay counterpart. Many loanwords tend to have initial geminated consonants too. Kelantan-Pattani Malay has

5576-508: The rule of Sultan Sulaiman Badrul Alam Shah . Scottish sailor Alexander Hamilton was known to have made several recorded visits to Terengganu in 1719 and 1720. In 1741, Sultan Sulaiman installed Sultan Mansur as ruler of Terengganu, his rule from 1741 to 1793 saw him creating a strong united Malay front against the rising power of the Bugis . He expanded his power on a weakened and divided Kelantan in 1764, culminating in his son's marriage to

5658-448: The shore at lowest tide. Note: ^[a] Islands designated as marine parks. The Perhentian Islands do not have any paved roads or air strips. Transportation to, from and between the islands is primarily on speed boats from the jetty at Kuala Besut on the Malaysian mainland. Jungle trails connect the individual beaches on both islands. The Perhentian islands experience a heavy monsoon season between November and February, and most of

5740-404: The state back to Siam – which had been renamed Thailand in 1939 – along with Kelantan , Kedah , and Perlis . After the defeat of Japan, British control over these Malay states was reestablished. Terengganu became a member of the Federation of Malaya in 1948, then a state of a sovereign Malaya in 1957, which became Malaysia in 1963. Following decades of rule by the Barisan Nasional coalition,

5822-434: The state's population was only 48.7% urban ; the majority lived in rural areas. By the 2005 census, the proportions had changed significantly, with 51% of the population living in urban areas and 49% in the rural areas. Terengganu recorded the lowest life expectancy in Malaysia for both males and females for the period 2021-2023. Terengganu is one of Malaysia's most homogeneous states along with Kelantan. More than 95% of

5904-410: The state: Terengganu Malays Terengganu Malays are the majority Malay sub-group in the state. They are the dominant Malay sub-group in all districts of Terengganu except for Besut and northern Setiu. They habitually speak Terengganu Malay language which is distinct but closely related to Kelantanese variety in the north. Terengganu Malays are also known for their rich cultures and traditions, one of

5986-606: The swearing in ceremony where the duties are handed over from Idris, he also expressed hopes in moving on to discharge his responsibility to the people and eradicate poverty within the state. Terengganu is divided into 8 districts ( daerah ), 99 mukims , and 7 local governments. On 18 September 2014, it was announced that the Kuala Terengganu District sub-district of Kuala Nerus would become Terengganu's 8th district, to be called Kuala Nerus by sixth Prime Minister Datuk Seri Najib Razak . The state

6068-502: The water and on the coral reefs, sea turtles, clownfish, cuttlefish, blue spotted rays, and black tipped sharks swim freely among many others. The Perhentian islands have a tropical climate with temperatures steadily around 30 °C (86 degrees F) and frequent, brief thunderstorms. During peak season, the waters are calm, making conditions favourable for diving. There are dozens of dive sites around both main islands, as well as several off-shore sites. There are seven more islands in

6150-411: Was a warehouse of trade where merchants from Europe, India, Arabia, China, Siam, and other parts of the Malay world met. At first dominated by Hindu-Buddhist Indian influences, the great kingdom of Srivijaya would later fall into chaos. Islam was introduced by Arab and Indian traders in the 11th century and has been the dominant religion ever since, replacing Buddhism and Hinduism that had held sway. By

6232-661: Was also rejected, in which the latter eventually gave in to its Sultan. The Sultan of Terengganu appointed Ahmad Said instead for the job, with the Regency Advisory Council handing him the letter of appointment. The PM claimed that the appointment of Ahmad Said was unconstitutional as it went against the wishes of the assemblymen and the Prime Minister's office who have supported Idris Jusoh candidacy for Menteri Besar. In spite of threats to strip Ahmad Said of his party membership "for disobeying

6314-594: Was appointed to the sultan in 1919, and Terengganu become one of the Unfederated Malay States . The move was highly unpopular spurring several uprisings in 1922 and 1925 before climaxing in May 1928 with the Peasant's Rebellion ( Pemberontakan Tani ) led by Abdul Rahman Limbong which was quashed by British military force. During World War II , Japan occupied Terengganu and transferred sovereignty over

6396-511: Was one of the islands where Vietnamese refugees or boat people landed during the 1970s. The islands were gazetted as a marine park in 1994, prohibiting all fishing within two miles from the shore. Nature tourism provides the economic base for the islands. Both the islands have white coral sand beaches and a clear sea. Popular tourist activities include scuba-diving , snorkeling , and swimming. The islands are home to numerous different species of monitor lizards, venomous spiders, and geckos. In

6478-491: Was only eight years old upon his father's election, the young Prince co-reigned with a three-member Regency Advisory Council ( Majlis Penasihat Pemangku Raja ) headed by Raja Tengku Baderulzaman (the King's younger brother) as dictated by syarat (2) Fasal 16 AA Undang-Undang Bagi Diri Kerajaan Terengganu (Bab Yang Kedua) of the Terengganu State Constitution. When Terengganu was an absolute monarchy,

6560-512: Was spoken were under the Reman state of the Kingdom of Pattani that was abolished in 1902 in which the areas were Batu Kurau, inland Perak (Gerik, Pengkalan Hulu, Lenggong) and inland Kedah (Sik, Baling, Padang Terap)). The Reman viarants are known as various names such as bahasa Patani , bahasa Patani Kedah-Perak , basa Grik , Cakak Hulu , basa Kapong , basa Baling etc. It

6642-548: Was the first Malay state to receive Islam, as attested to by the Terengganu Inscription Stone with Arabic inscriptions found in Kuala Berang , the capital of the district of Hulu Terengganu . The inscribed date which is incomplete due to damage can be read as various dates from 702 to 789 AH (1303 to 1387 CE). Terengganu became a vassal state of Malacca , but retained considerable autonomy with

6724-588: Was traditionally famous for boatbuilding, with highly decorated carved wooden boats called bangau to be found in the harbour of every village and town in days not so long gone by, before electric motorboats became standard equipment for the state's fishermen. Terengganu did not receive many Indian or Chinese migrants, and therefore Malay cultural influences predominate. Traditional pursuits such as kite-flying contests, top-spinning contests, and traditional arts & crafts , such as batik and songket are still very much alive. The people of Terengganu have always had

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