85-524: Persil ( / ˈ p ɜːr s ɪ l / , German pronunciation: [pɛʁˈziːl] ) is a German brand of laundry detergent manufactured and marketed by Henkel around the world except in the United Kingdom , Ireland , France , Latin America (except Mexico ), China , Australia and New Zealand , where it is manufactured and marketed by Unilever . Persil was introduced in 1907 by Henkel. It
170-516: A "medical mall" where customers can purchase primary care services. Prices without insurance were listed, for instance, at $ 30 for an annual physical and $ 45 for a counseling session. Continuing with its health care initiative, they opened a 2,600 square feet (240 m ) health and wellness clinic prototype in Springdale, Arkansas just to expand services. By October 2019, Walmart stopped selling all live fish and aquatic plants. In early 2020,
255-465: A $ 7 monthly subscription for five to eight delivered food samples each month. The service shut down in late 2013. In August 2013, the firm announced it was in talks to acquire a majority stake in the Kenya -based supermarket chain, Naivas . In June 2014, some Walmart employees went on strike in major U.S. cities demanding higher wages. In July 2014, American actor and comedian Tracy Morgan launched
340-470: A 30–35% market share in western Europe. According to Lubrizol , the powdered detergent market is growing by 2 percent annually. Phosphates in detergent became an environmental concern in the 1950s and the subject of bans in later years. Phosphates make laundry cleaner but also cause eutrophication , particularly with poor wastewater treatment . A 2013 academic study of fragranced laundry products found "more than 25 VOCs emitted from dryer vents, with
425-703: A 5.5% increase in operating expenses, its net income increased by 3.9%. In the third quarter of 2020, Walmart reported revenue of $ 134.7 billion, representing a year-on-year increase of 5.2 percent. In December 2020, Walmart launched a new service, Carrier Pickup, that allows the customers to schedule returns. In January 2021, Walmart announced that the company is launching a fintech startup, with venture partner Ribbit Capital, to provide financial products for consumers and employees. In February 2021, Walmart acquired technology from Thunder Industries, which uses automation to create digital ads, to expand its online marketing capabilities. In May 2021, Walmart acquired
510-727: A Canada-only cold water liquid version. Caps are also available. In the United States, Persil is sold in liquid and pack form. Unilever markets Persil in the United Kingdom, Ireland, France, Latin America (except Mexico), Malaysia, Singapore, China, and New Zealand (but not Australia) since acquiring rights to the brand (one of its first such acquisitions) in 1931. (The "Small and Mighty" product line—a highly concentrated liquid detergent formulation—is found only in these markets.) Unilever also sells Persil in France. In this market,
595-688: A branch of the Ben Franklin stores from the Butler Brothers . His primary focus was selling products at low prices to get higher-volume sales at a lower profit margin, portraying it as a crusade for the consumer. He experienced setbacks because the lease price and branch purchase were unusually high, but he was able to find lower-cost suppliers than those used by other stores and was consequently able to undercut his competitors on pricing. Sales increased 45 percent in his first year of ownership to US$ 105,000 in revenue, which increased to $ 140,000
680-436: A combination of various surfactants to balance their performance. Until the 1950s, soap was the predominant surfactant in laundry detergents. By the end of the 1950s so-called "synthetic detergents" (syndets) like branched alkylbenzene sulfonates had largely replaced soap in developed countries. Due to their poor biodegradability these branched alkylbenzenesulfonates were replaced with linear alkylbenzenesulfonates (LAS) in
765-405: A different type of enzyme: proteases ( savinase ) for proteins, lipases for greases, α-amylases for carbohydrates, and cellulases for cellulose. Many other ingredients are added depending on the expected circumstances of use. Such additives modify the foaming properties of the product by either stabilizing or counteracting foam. Other ingredients increase or decrease the viscosity of
850-665: A hardware store and an antiques mall, while the company's "Store #1" has since expanded to a Supercenter several blocks west at 2110 W. Walnut Street. Within its first five years, the company expanded to 18 stores in Arkansas and reached $ 9 million in sales. In 1968, it opened its first stores outside Arkansas in Sikeston, Missouri and Claremore, Oklahoma . The company was incorporated under Delaware General Corporation Law as Wal-Mart, Inc. on October 31, 1969, and changed its name to Wal-Mart Stores, Inc. in 1970. The same year,
935-511: A lawsuit against Walmart seeking punitive damages over a multi-car pile-up which the suit alleges was caused by the driver of one of the firm's tractor-trailers who had not slept for 24 hours. Morgan's limousine was apparently hit by the trailer, injuring him and two fellow passengers and killing a fourth, fellow comedian James McNair. Walmart settled with the McNair family for $ 10 million, while admitting no liability. Morgan and Walmart reached
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#17328020929541020-424: A measurer and stain removal pre-treatment device. The ball was contained in a circular cutout in the centre of the bottle and simply filled and placed directly into the drum. As it was made of soft heat resistant plastic, it could be washed with the laundry and make no banging noises. This campaign was launched with the tagline "For whatever life throws". The bottle was redesigned in 2020 to include recycled plastic and
1105-561: A range of Persil washing up liquids . Henkel AG manufactures, distributes, and markets Persil in Germany, Poland and most of Europe, Egypt, Lebanon, Saudi Arabia, Syria and the United States. Henkel markets Persil under the name "Dixan" in Greece, Italy and Cyprus ; and under the name "Wipp" in Spain and China. In Belgium, where both Henkel's Persil and Dixan can be found at major retailers,
1190-470: A rapid response to the disaster, donating $ 20 million, 1,500 truckloads of merchandise, food for 100,000 meals, and the promise of a job for every one of its displaced workers. An independent study by Steven Horwitz of St. Lawrence University found that Wal-Mart, The Home Depot , and Lowe's made use of their local knowledge about supply chains, infrastructure, decision makers and other resources to provide emergency supplies and reopen stores well before
1275-491: A same-day and last-mile delivery company in Brooklyn . In 2018, Walmart started crowdsourcing delivery services to customers using drivers' private vehicles, under the brand "Spark". On December 6, 2017, Walmart announced that it would change its corporate name to Walmart Inc. from Wal-Mart Stores, Inc. effective February 1, 2018. On January 11, 2018, Walmart announced that 63 Sam's Club locations would be closing. Some of
1360-513: A settlement in 2015 for an undisclosed amount, though Walmart later accused its insurers of "bad faith" in refusing to pay the settlement. In 2015, Walmart was the biggest U.S. commercial producer of solar power with 142 MW capacity , and had 17 energy storage projects. This solar was primarily on rooftops, whereas there is an additional 20,000 m for solar canopies over parking lots. On January 15, 2016, Walmart announced it would close 269 stores in 2016, affecting 16,000 workers. Of
1445-857: A single Sam's Club in New Jersey which opened in November 1989), but in July and October that year, it opened its first stores in California and Pennsylvania , respectively. By the mid-1990s, it was the most powerful retailer in the U.S. and expanded into Mexico in 1991 and Canada in 1994. Wal-Mart stores opened throughout the rest of the U.S., with Vermont being the last state to get a store in 1995. The company also opened stores outside North America, entering South America in 1995 with stores in Argentina and Brazil; and Europe in July 1999, buying Asda in
1530-671: A soap under the brand "Le Persil" in 1906. During the First World War, the company of Electro-Chimie, concessionaire for France of the Henkel laundry, signed an agreement with Ronchetti by which it would no longer sell detergents under the Persil brand. A legal battle ensued which resulted in an agreement in 1927 reserving the use of the mark to the English company Lever Brothers (which bought the company from Jules Ronchetti) in France and
1615-473: A sushi bar. On September 12, 2007, Wal-Mart introduced new advertising with the slogan , " Save money. Live better. ", replacing the previous slogan " Always Low Prices, Always ", which it had used since 1988. Global Insight , which conducted the research that supported the ads, found that Wal-Mart's price level reduction resulted in savings for consumers of $ 287 billion in 2006, which equated to $ 957 per person or $ 2,500 per household (up 7.3 percent from
1700-456: A total of 59 Supercenters, and opened 69 Neighborhood Markets, 8 Sam's Clubs, and 173 international locations, and relocated, expanded or converted 4 locations for a total of 177 international locations. On August 8, 2016, Walmart announced a deal to acquire e-commerce website Jet.com for US$ 3.3 billion. Jet.com co-founder and CEO Marc Lore stayed on to run Jet.com in addition to Walmart's existing U.S. e-commerce operation. The acquisition
1785-750: A year to increase fuel efficiency in Wal-Mart's truck fleet by 25 percent over three years and double it within ten; reduce greenhouse gas emissions by 20 percent in seven years; reduce energy use at stores by 30 percent; and cut solid waste from U.S. stores and Sam's Clubs by 25 percent in three years. CEO Lee Scott said that Wal-Mart's goal was to be a "good steward of the environment" and ultimately use only renewable energy sources and produce zero waste . The company also designed three new experimental stores with wind turbines , photovoltaic solar panels, biofuel -capable boilers, water-cooled refrigerators, and xeriscape gardens. In this time, Wal-Mart also became
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#17328020929541870-466: Is believed to be its contiguous pattern of expansion over time, building new distribution centers in a hub and spoke framework within driving distance of existing Supercenters. The company's satellite network was also completed in 1987, a $ 24 million investment linking all stores with two-way voice and data transmissions and one-way video communications with the Bentonville office. At the time,
1955-513: Is headquartered in Bentonville, Arkansas . The company was founded by brothers Sam and James "Bud" Walton in nearby Rogers, Arkansas in 1962 and incorporated under Delaware General Corporation Law on October 31, 1969. It also owns and operates Sam's Club retail warehouses. As of October 31, 2022, Walmart has 10,586 stores and clubs in 24 countries, operating under 46 different names. The company operates under
2040-478: Is insufficiently active as a bleach at temperature below 60 °C (140 °F), which traditionally made hot washes the norm. The development of bleach activators in the 1970s and 1980s allowed for cooler washing temperatures to be effective. These compounds, such as tetraacetylethylenediamine (TAED), react with hydrogen peroxide to produce peracetic acid , which is an even more effective bleach, particularly at lower temperatures. The use of enzymes for laundry
2125-620: Is more widely used. In 2018, sales of powdered detergent measured 14 million metric tons , double that of liquids. While liquid detergent is widely used in many Western countries, powdered detergent is popular in Africa, India, China, Latin America, and other emerging markets . Powders also hold significant market share in eastern Europe and in some western European countries due to their advantage over liquids in whitening clothes. According to Desmet Ballestra, designer and builder of chemical plants and detergent-making equipment, powdered detergents have
2210-499: Is much less effective for cleaning and can precipitate onto both fabric and washing machine components. Builders remove mineral ions responsible for hard water through precipitation , chelation , or ion exchange . In addition, they help remove soil by dispersion . The earliest builders were sodium carbonate (washing soda) and sodium silicate (waterglass). In the 1930s phosphates ( sodium phosphates ) and polyphosphates ( sodium hexametaphosphate ) were introduced, continuing with
2295-521: The Allied Blockade of Germany during World War I . In the 1930s, commercially viable routes to fatty alcohols were developed, and these new materials were converted to their sulfate esters , key ingredients in the commercially important German brand FEWA, produced by BASF , and Dreft , the U.S. brand produced by Procter & Gamble . Such detergents were mainly used in industry until after World War II . By then, new developments and
2380-490: The Federal Emergency Management Agency (FEMA) began its response. While the company was overall lauded for its quick response amidst criticism of FEMA, several critics were quick to point out that there still remained issues with the company's labor relations. In 2006, Charles Fishman published The Wal-Mart Effect , examining the operation of Wal-Mart's supply chain . His book caught
2465-598: The coronavirus (COVID-19) pandemic forced temporary measures such as store closures, limited store occupancy, large-scale employee dismissal, and the enforcement of social distancing protocols for Walmart and many other companies. Store hours were adjusted to allow cleaning and stocking. Limits on items were placed due to the rise of panic buying . During the pandemic, Walmart changed some of its employee benefits. Employees were able to decide to stay home and take unpaid leave if they feel unable to work or uncomfortable coming to work. Additionally, Walmart employees who contract
2550-453: The pH of the wash. Hydrophilic fibers like cotton will naturally have a negative surface charge in water, whereas synthetic fibers are comparatively neutral. The negative charge is further increased by the adsorption of anionic surfactants. With increasing pH, soil and fibers become more negatively charged, resulting in increased mutual repulsion. The optimum pH range for good detergency is 9–10.5. Alkalis may also enhance wash performance via
2635-423: The saponification of fats. Builder and surfactant work synergistically to achieve soil removal, and the washing effect of the builder may exceed that of the surfactant. With hydrophilic fibers like cotton , wool , polyamide and polyacrylonitrile , sodium triphosphate removes soil more effectively than a surfactant alone. It is expected that when washing hydrophobic fibers like polyesters and polyolefins ,
Persil - Misplaced Pages Continue
2720-617: The 1890s introduction of Gold Dust Washing Powder (created by industrial chemist James Boyce for the N. K. Fairbank Company in the United States), proved that there was a ready market for better cleaning agents. Henkel & Cie, founded in Düsseldorf in 1876, pursued the opportunity, and on 6 June 1907 launched the first of its kind product, Persil. The manufacturer had found a method to add sodium perborate —a bleaching agent—to its base washing agents ( silicate ), creating what
2805-492: The 2004 savings estimate of $ 2,329). On June 30, 2008, Wal-Mart removed the hyphen from its logo and replaced the star with a Spark symbol. The store branding became "Walmart", with the corporate name remaining with the hyphen as "Wal-Mart". The new logo received mixed reviews from design critics who questioned whether the new logo was as bold as those of competitors, such as the Target bullseye, or as instantly recognizable as
2890-464: The COVID-19 restrictions such as the mask requirements and employee benefits were lifted. In the first quarter of 2020, consumers responded to COVID by shopping less frequently (5.6% fewer transactions), and buying more when they did shop (16.5%). As people shifted from eating out to eating at home, net sales at Walmart increased by 10.5%, while online sales rose by 74%. Although Walmart experienced
2975-534: The Netherlands, Norway, Sweden, Switzerland, United States, Canada, and Japan. Walmart Walmart Inc. ( / ˈ w ɔː l m ɑːr t / ; formerly Wal-Mart Stores, Inc. ) is an American multinational retail corporation that operates a chain of hypermarkets (also called supercenters), discount department stores , and grocery stores in the United States and 23 other countries. It
3060-428: The Persil brand name is given priority by Henkel in its marketing. Henkel sells its Persil formulation in France under the name "Le Chat", as Unilever owns the licence to the Persil trademark in that country. For a time, upscale German appliance manufacturer Miele acted as a direct importer of Henkel's Persil products into Canada and the United States, where they could be purchased only at licensed appliance dealers. It
3145-591: The Sears Roebuck catalog, and the arrival of shopping malls—and concluded that shop owners who adapt to changes in the retail market can thrive after Wal-Mart arrives. A later study in collaboration with Mississippi State University showed that there are "both positive and negative impacts on existing stores in the area where the new supercenter locates". In the aftermath of Hurricane Katrina in September 2005, Wal-Mart used its logistics network to organize
3230-608: The United Kingdom for US$ 10 billion . In 1997, Wal-Mart was added to the Dow Jones Industrial Average . In 1998, Wal-Mart introduced the Neighborhood Market concept with three stores in Arkansas. By 2005, estimates indicate that the company controlled about 20 percent of the retail grocery and consumables business. In 2000, H. Lee Scott became Wal-Mart's president and CEO as
3315-509: The United Kingdom, and to the German company Henkel in the rest of the world. Persil is sold in powder, liquid detergent, liquid capsule, gel, and tablet forms. There are enzymatic , non-enzymatic, and colour care (containing enzymes, but bleach-free) formulations as well. The Persil line also includes specialist care products for wool and silk items. Additionally in the UK, Unilever formerly marketed
3400-452: The United States and 2,800 elsewhere, employing more than 1.6 million associates. Its U.S. presence grew so rapidly that only small pockets of the country remained more than 60 miles (97 kilometers) from the nearest store. As Wal-Mart expanded rapidly into the world's largest corporation, many critics worried about its effect on local communities, particularly small towns with many " mom and pop " stores. There have been several studies on
3485-625: The attention of the press and the public. Fishman's case studies illustrate Wal-Mart's drive to lower costs and achieve greater efficiency and suggest that it may have significant upstream effects. Since Fishman's book was published, Wal-Mart has more than doubled in size. Further research on Wal-Mart's role in the food supply chain has tended to be limited and anecdotal. In November 2005, Wal-Mart announced several environmental measures to increase energy efficiency and improve its overall environmental record, which had previously been lacking. The company's primary goals included spending $ 500 million
Persil - Misplaced Pages Continue
3570-502: The biggest seller of organic milk and the biggest buyer of organic cotton in the world, while reducing packaging and energy costs. In 2007, the company worked with outside consultants to discover its total environmental impact and find areas for improvement. Wal-Mart created its own electric company in Texas, named Texas Retail Energy, which planned to supply its stores with cheap power purchased at wholesale prices. Through this new venture,
3655-416: The brand focuses on "natural" ingredients and "skin-friendly" formulations. Persil, Skip, Breeze, Surf, Ala and Rinso serve as the local version in these markets of Unilever's other international detergent brand Omo . In 2007 Unilever launched its new Persil Small and Mighty variant in the UK and Ireland. A 2013 update showcased a new design of bottle that enabled consumers to use the flexible plastic ball as
3740-485: The closures. Walmart planned to focus on "strengthening Supercenters, optimizing Neighborhood Markets, growing the e-commerce business and expanding pickup services for customers". In fiscal 2017, the company plans to open between 50 and 60 Supercenters, 85 to 95 Neighborhood Markets, 7 to 10 Sam's Clubs, and 200 to 240 international locations. At the end of fiscal 2017, Walmart opened 38 Supercenters and relocated, expanded or converted 21 discount stores into Supercenters, for
3825-509: The company expected to save $ 15 million annually and also to lay the groundwork and infrastructure to sell electricity to Texas consumers in the future. In 2006, Wal-Mart announced that it would remodel its U.S. stores to help it appeal to a wider variety of demographics, including more affluent shoppers. As part of the initiative, the company launched a new store in Plano, Texas, that included high-end electronics, jewelry, expensive wines and
3910-687: The company moved into Texas in 1975, there were 125 stores with 7,500 employees and total sales of $ 340.3 million. In the 1980s, Wal-Mart briefly experimented with a precursor to the Supercenter, the Hyper-Mart. Four stores combined features of discount stores, supermarkets, pharmacies, video arcades, and other amenities. Wal-Mart continued to grow rapidly, and by the company's 25th anniversary in 1987, there were 1,198 Wal-Mart stores with sales of $ 15.9 billion and 200,000 associates. One reason for Wal-Mart's success between 1980 and 2000
3995-666: The company opened a home office and first distribution center in Bentonville, Arkansas . It had 38 stores operating with 1,500 employees and sales of $ 44.2 million. It began trading stock as a publicly held company on October 1, 1970, and was soon listed on the New York Stock Exchange . The first stock split occurred in May 1971 for $ 47 per share. By this time, Wal-Mart was operating in five states: Arkansas, Kansas, Louisiana, Missouri, and Oklahoma; it entered Tennessee in 1973 and Kentucky and Mississippi in 1974. As
4080-517: The company was the largest private satellite network, allowing the corporate office to track inventory and sales and to instantly communicate with stores. By 1984, Sam Walton had begun to source between 6% and 40% of his company's products from China. In 1988, Walton stepped down as CEO and was replaced by David Glass . Walton remained as chairman of the board. During this year, the first Wal-Mart Supercenter opened in Washington, Missouri . With
4165-475: The company's sales increased to $ 165 billion. In 2002, it was listed for the first time as America's largest corporation on the Fortune 500 list, with revenues of $ 219.8 billion and profits of $ 6.7 billion. It has remained there every year except 2006, 2009, and 2012. In 2005, Wal-Mart reported US$ 312.4 billion in sales, more than 6,200 facilities around the world—including 3,800 stores in
4250-598: The company. They eventually divested their shareholdings in Grupo Big to French retailer Carrefour , in transaction worth R$ 7 billion and completed on June 7, 2022. Walmart is the world's largest company by revenue , according to the Fortune Global 500 list in October 2022. In February 2023, Walmart announced that its FY2023 total revenue was $ 611.3 billion. Walmart is also the largest private employer in
4335-521: The contribution of its superstores, the company surpassed Toys "R" Us in toy sales in 1998. While it was the third-largest retailer in the United States, Wal-Mart was more profitable than rivals Kmart and Sears by the late 1980s. By 1990, it became the largest U.S. retailer by revenue. Prior to the summer of 1990, Wal-Mart had no presence on the West Coast or in the Northeast (except for
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#17328020929544420-439: The dosing device removed. In 1964, Duran Duran frontman Simon Le Bon was six years-old when he did a TV commercial for Persil washing powder. Laundry detergent Laundry detergent is a type of detergent (cleaning agent) used for cleaning dirty laundry (clothes). Laundry detergent is manufactured in powder ( washing powder ) and liquid form. While powdered and liquid detergents hold roughly equal share of
4505-404: The economic impact of Wal-Mart on small towns and local businesses, jobs, and taxpayers. Kenneth Stone, a professor of economics, found that some small towns can lose almost half of their retail trade within ten years of a Wal-Mart store opening. However, in another study, he compared the changes to what small-town shops had faced in the past—including the development of the railroads, the advent of
4590-740: The effectiveness of the surfactant surpasses that of the builder, however this is not the case. Surfactants are responsible for most of the cleaning performance in laundry detergent. They provide this by absorption and emulsification of soil into the water and also by reducing the water's surface tension to improve wetting . Laundry detergents contain mostly anionic and non-ionic surfactants. Cationic surfactants are normally incompatible with anionic detergents and have poor cleaning efficiency; they are employed only for certain special effects, as fabric softeners , antistatic agents , and biocides . Zwitterionic surfactants are rarely employed in laundry detergents mainly for cost reasons. Most detergents use
4675-510: The first main store in the Northeast . Walmart's investments outside the U.S. have seen mixed results. Its operations and subsidiaries in Canada, the United Kingdom ( ASDA ), Central America, Chile ( Líder ), and China are successful, but its ventures failed in Germany, Japan, South Korea, Brazil and Argentina. In 1945, businessman and former J. C. Penney employee Sam Walton bought
4760-436: The highest concentrations of acetaldehyde, acetone, and ethanol. Seven of these VOCs are classified as hazardous air pollutants (HAPs) and two as carcinogenic HAPs (acetaldehyde and benzene)". The EEC Directive 73/404/EEC stipulates an average biodegradability of at least 90% for all types of surfactants used in detergents. The phosphate content of detergents is regulated in many countries, e.g., Austria, Germany, Italy,
4845-577: The introduction of phosphonates ( HEDP , ATMP , EDTMP ). While these phosphorus-based agents are generally non-toxic they are now known to cause nutrient pollution , which can have serious environmental consequences. As such they have been banned in many countries, leading to the development of phosphorus-free agents, such as polycarboxylates ( EDTA , NTA ), citrates ( trisodium citrate ), silicates ( sodium silicate ), gluconic acid and polyacrylic acid ; or ion exchange agents like zeolites . Alkali builders may also enhance performance by changing
4930-1040: The later conversion of aviation fuel plants to produce tetrapropylene , used in household detergents production, caused a fast growth of domestic use in the late 1940s. Washing laundry involves removing mixed soils from fiber surfaces. From a chemical viewpoint, soils can be grouped into: Soils difficult to remove are pigments and dyes , fats , resins , tar , waxes , and denatured protein . Laundry detergents may contain builders (50% by weight, approximately), surfactants (15%), bleach (7%), enzymes (2%), soil antideposition agents, foam regulators, corrosion inhibitors , optical brighteners , dye transfer inhibitors , fragrances , dyes , fillers and formulation aids. Builders (also called chelating or sequestering agents ) are water softeners . Most domestic water supplies contain some dissolved minerals, especially in hard water areas. The metal cations present in these dissolved minerals, particularly calcium and magnesium ions, can react with surfactants to form soap scum which
5015-478: The launch of free one-day shipping on more than 220,000 items with minimum purchase amount of $ 35. In September 2019, Walmart made the announcement that it would cease the sale of all e-cigarettes due to "regulatory complexity and uncertainty" over the products. Earlier in 2019, Walmart stopped selling fruit-flavored e-cigarette and had raised the minimum age to 21 for the purchase of products containing tobacco. That same month, Walmart opened its first Health Center,
5100-429: The marketing department called a "self-activating powder" detergent. During the washing process, oxygenated perborate forms small bubbles, doing the " work of the washboard "—saving consumers time and rendering the historic method of "sun-bleaching" (by laying clothes out in the sun) unnecessary. Persil was the first commercially available laundry detergent that combined bleach with the detergent. The invention of Persil
5185-904: The mid-1960s. Since the 1980s, alkyl sulfates such as SDS have found increasing application at the expense of LAS. Since the 1970s, nonionic surfactants like alcohol ethoxylates have acquired a higher share in laundry detergents. In the 1990s, glucamides appeared as co-surfactants, and alkyl polyglycosides have been used in specialty detergents for fine fabrics. Despite the name, modern laundry bleaches do not include household bleach ( sodium hypochlorite ). Laundry bleaches are typically stable adducts of hydrogen peroxide , such as sodium perborate and sodium percarbonate ; these are inactive as solids but will release hydrogen peroxide upon exposure to water. The main targets of bleaches are oxidisible organic stains, which are usually of vegetable origin (e.g. chlorophyll , anthocyanin dyes, tannins , humic acids , and carotenoid pigments). Hydrogen peroxide
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#17328020929545270-877: The name Walmart in the United States and Canada , as Walmart de México y Centroamérica in Mexico and Central America , and as Flipkart Wholesale in India . It has wholly owned operations in Chile and a majority stake in Massmart in South Africa . Since August 2018, Walmart held only a minority stake in Walmart Brasil, which was renamed Grupo Big in August 2019, with 20 percent of the company's shares, and private equity firm Advent International holding 80% ownership of
5355-428: The new tax law , it would be raising Walmart starting wages, distributing bonuses, expanding its leave policies and contributing toward the cost of employees' adoptions. Doug McMillon , Walmart's CEO, said, "We are early in the stages of assessing the opportunities tax reform creates for us to invest in our customers and associates and to further strengthen our business, all of which should benefit our shareholders." It
5440-655: The next year and $ 175,000 the year after that. Within the fifth year, the store was generating $ 250,000 in revenue. The lease then expired for the location and Walton was unable to reach an agreement for renewal, so he opened up a new store at 105 N. Main Street in Bentonville, naming it "Walton's Five and Dime". That store is now the Walmart Museum. On July 2, 1962, Walton opened the first Wal-Mart Discount City store at 719 W. Walnut Street in Rogers, Arkansas . Its design
5525-492: The other components and do not affect the color of the cleaned item. The perfumes are typically a mixture of many compounds , common classes include terpene alcohols ( citronellol , geraniol , linalool , nerol ) and their esters ( linalyl acetate ), aromatic aldehydes ( helional , hexyl cinnamaldehyde , lilial ) and synthetic musks ( galaxolide ). Worldwide, while liquid and powdered detergents hold roughly equal market share in terms of value, powdered laundry detergent
5610-458: The potential for Walmart to save money and thus increase profits. On February 15, 2017, Walmart announced the acquisition of Moosejaw, a leading online active outdoor retailer, for approximately $ 51 million. The acquisition closed on February 13, 2017. On June 16, 2017, Walmart agreed to acquire the men's apparel company Bonobos for $ 310 million in an effort to expand its fashion holdings. On September 29, 2017, Walmart acquired Parcel,
5695-419: The previous company's logo, which was used for 18 years. The new logo made its debut on the company's website on July 1, 2008, and its U.S. locations updated store logos in the fall of 2008. Walmart Canada started to adopt the logo for its stores in early 2009. On March 20, 2009, Walmart announced that it was paying a combined US$ 933.6 million in bonuses to every full and part-time hourly worker. This
5780-717: The prior year. Income from continuing operations increased 3 percent to $ 13.3 billion, and earnings per share rose 6 percent to $ 3.35. On February 22, 2010, the company confirmed it was acquiring video streaming company Vudu, Inc. for an estimated $ 100 million. Walmart's truck fleet logs millions of miles each year, and the company planned to double the fleet's efficiency between 2005 and 2015. Fifteen based at Walmart's Buckeye, Arizona , distribution center were converted to run on biofuel from reclaimed cooking grease made during food preparation at Walmart stores. On November 14, 2012, Walmart launched its first mail subscription service called Goodies. Customers pay
5865-517: The product being cleaned. Commercial or industrial laundries may make use of a laundry sour during the final rinse cycle to neutralise any remaining alkali surfactants and remove acid-sensitive stains. A number of ingredients affect aesthetic properties of the item to be cleaned or the detergent itself before or during use. These agents include optical brighteners , fabric softeners , and colorants. A variety of perfumes are also components of modern detergents, provided that they are compatible with
5950-428: The solution, or solubilize other ingredients. Corrosion inhibitors counteract damage to washing equipment. Dye transfer inhibitors prevent dyes from one article from coloring other items, these are generally polar water-soluble polymers such as polyvinylpyrrolidone , to which the dyes preferentially bind. Antiredeposition agents such as carboxymethyl cellulose are used to prevent fine soil particles from reattaching to
6035-455: The stores earmarked for closure, 154 were in the U.S., 95% of which were located, on average, 10 miles from another Walmart store. The 269 stores represented less than 1 percent of global square footage and revenue for the company. The 102 locations of Neighborhood Markets that were formerly or originally planned to be Walmart Express, which had been in a pilot program since 2011 and converted in to Neighborhood Markets in 2014, were included in
6120-408: The stores had already liquidated, without notifying employees; some employees learned by a company-wide email delivered January 11. Walmart said that ten of the stores will become e-commerce distribution centers and employees can reapply to work at those locations. Business Insider magazine calculated that over 11,000 workers would be affected. On the same day, Walmart announced that as a result of
6205-487: The virus would receive "up to two weeks of pay". After two weeks, hourly associates who are unable to return to work are eligible for up to 26 weeks in pay. Walmart paid pandemic bonuses of $ 428 million to its staff. People who did part-time or temporary work received a bonus of $ 150 while those who worked full-time received a bonus of $ 300. Starting in July 2020, Walmart customers were required to wear masks in all stores nationwide, including Sam's Club. By February 2022,
6290-490: The world with 2.1 million employees. It is a publicly traded family-owned business, as the company is controlled by the Walton family . Sam Walton's heirs own over 50 percent of Walmart through both their holding company Walton Enterprises and their individual holdings. Walmart was the largest United States grocery retailer in 2019, and 65 percent of Walmart's US$ 510.329 billion sales came from U.S. operations. Walmart
6375-516: The worldwide laundry detergent market in terms of value , powdered detergents are sold twice as much compared to liquids in terms of volume . From ancient times, chemical additives were used to facilitate the mechanical washing of textile fibers with water. The earliest recorded evidence of the production of soap-like materials dates back to around 2800 BC in ancient Babylon . German chemical companies developed an alkyl sulfate surfactant in 1917, in response to shortages of soap ingredients during
6460-537: Was a significant breakthrough. The name, "Persil", is derived from two of the original ingredients, sodium perborate and silicate. This name was however deemed unsuitable as an international brand because the pronunciation of this spelling is not clear or easy in some languages. Coincidentally, persil is the French word for the herb, parsley . In France, the Marseillais Jules Ronchetti launched
6545-422: Was in addition to $ 788.8 million in profit sharing , 401(k) pension contributions, hundreds of millions of dollars in merchandise discounts, and contributions to the employees' stock purchase plan. While the economy at large was in an ongoing recession , Walmart reported solid financial figures for the fiscal year ending January 31, 2009, with $ 401.2 billion in net sales, a gain of 7.2 percent from
6630-408: Was inspired by Ann & Hope , which Walton visited in 1961, as did Kmart founder Harry B. Cunningham . The name was derived from FedMart , a chain of discount department stores founded by Sol Price in 1954, whom Walton was also inspired by. Walton stated that he liked the idea of calling his discount chain "Wal-Mart" because he "really liked Sol's FedMart name". The building is now occupied by
6715-600: Was introduced in 1913 by Otto Rohm . The first preparation was a pancreatic extract obtained from slaughtered animals, which was unstable against alkali and bleach. Only in the latter part of the century with the availability of thermally robust bacterial enzymes did this technology become mainstream. Enzymes are required to degrade stubborn stains composed of proteins (e.g., milk, cocoa, blood, egg yolk, grass), fats (e.g., chocolate, fats, oils), starch (e.g., flour and potato stains), and cellulose (damaged cotton fibrils , vegetable and fruit stains). Each type of stain requires
6800-538: Was introduced to Mexico in 2011. In March 2015, Henkel introduced Persil ProClean in the United States, a line of premium detergents available in Power-Liquid, Power-Caps and Power-Pearls. It was initially sold exclusively at Walmart stores. In June 2016, Henkel acquired Sun Products , the manufacturer of Wisk , and soon discontinued Wisk and replaced it with Persil. Persil ProClean was released in Canada in 2016. Power Pearls and liquid are available, including
6885-717: Was listed on the New York Stock Exchange in 1972. By 1988, it was the most profitable retailer in the U.S., and it had become the largest in terms of revenue by October 1989. The company was originally geographically limited to the South and lower Midwest, but it had stores from coast to coast by the early 1990s. Sam's Club opened in New Jersey in November 1989, and the first California outlet opened in Lancaster , in July 1990. A Walmart in York, Pennsylvania , opened in October 1990,
6970-532: Was marketed as a premium German detergent that was the "officially recommended" detergent for its washing machines. Due to this exclusive import agreement and specialty positioning at appliance dealerships, it retailed for up to $ 40/box in Canada. It was later replaced by Miele's own brand laundry products. In April 2007, Henkel announced a global relaunching of the Persil brand and packaging to mark its 100th anniversary. Persil's other sub-brands (Le Chat, Dixan, and Wipp) were to be redesigned shortly afterward. Persil
7055-427: Was reported that Walmart is now looking at entering the subscription-video space, hoping to compete with Netflix and Amazon. They have enlisted the help of former Epix CEO, Mark Greenberg, to help develop a low-cost subscription video-streaming service. On February 26, 2019, Walmart announced that it had acquired Tel Aviv-based product review start-up Aspectiva for an undisclosed sum. In May 2019, Walmart announced
7140-515: Was structured as a payout of $ 3 billion in cash, and an additional $ 300 million in Walmart stock vested over time as part of an incentive bonus plan for Jet.com executives. On October 19, 2016, Walmart announced it would partner with IBM and Tsinghua University to track the pork supply chain in China using blockchain. The use of blockchain to automate the tracking of the supply chain promises
7225-411: Was the first commercially available laundry detergent that combined bleach with the detergent. The name was derived from two of its original ingredients, sodium perborate and sodium silicate . The chore of washing the laundry began to change with the introduction of washing powders in the 1880s. These new products originally were simply pulverized soap. New cleaning product marketing successes, such as
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