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89-855: Enrique Peña Nieto OMRI CYC GCB ( Spanish pronunciation: [enˈrike ˈpeɲa ˈnjeto] ; born 20 July 1966), commonly referred to by his initials EPN , is a Mexican retired politician who served as the 64th president of Mexico from 2012 to 2018. A member of the Institutional Revolutionary Party (PRI), he previously served as Governor of the State of Mexico from 2005 to 2011, local deputy from 2003 to 2004, and Secretary of Administration from 2000 to 2002. Born in Atlacomulco and raised in Toluca , Peña Nieto attended Panamerican University , graduating with

178-543: A B.A. in legal studies . After attaining an MBA from ITESM , he began his political career by joining the Institutional Revolutionary Party (PRI) in 1984. After serving as a public notary in Mexico City , he began an ascent through local political ranks in the late 1990s, culminating in his 2005 campaign for Governor of the State of Mexico . As governor, he pledged to deliver 608 compromisos (commitments) to his constituency to varying levels of success. His tenure

267-467: A 26% increase in revenue accumulation for IMSS, an additional MXN$ 50 billion. More than half a million jobs had salaries worth five minimum wages (about MXN$ 10,000 per month) and there was a 22% increase in jobs with salaries greater than 20 minimum wages. At the end of May 2016, Peña Nieto signed a law to create special economic zones in economically depressed southern states. The first three are Lázaro Cárdenas , Michoacán; Port Chiapas , Chiapas; and in

356-464: A Brazilian court that he had been asked to pay a bribe to Lozoya, then head of Pemex. In March 2018, PRI legislators voted to stop the investigation into Odebrecht, which drew criticism. The investigation against Emilio Loyoza, then-head of Pemex, was also controversially ceased after a judge ordered it days later. While in office, Peña Nieto invoked two constitutional rights related to prosecution: amparo and fuero . Amparo gives anyone accused of

445-452: A crime the right to know which crimes they are being accused of; it is mostly used by people expecting to go to trial and allows the prosecuted person to build a defense with the help of a lawyer. Fuero protects political figures from prosecution committed during their time in office, in effect delaying any investigations against him until the end of their terms. Peña Nieto is the first Mexican president to invoke either right. In 2020, Lozoya

534-419: A fast vote counting, Peña Nieto was leading the election with 38% of the votes. His nearest competitor, Andrés Manuel López Obrador , was just 6 points behind him. The figures were meant to be a representative sample of the votes nationwide, but shortly after this announcement, Peña Nieto appeared on national television claiming victory. "This Sunday, Mexico won," he said. He thanked his voters and promised to run

623-648: A government "responsible and open to criticism." At the PRI headquarters in Mexico City, the victory party began. With more than 97% of the votes counted on election day, the PRI had won with about 38% of the votes, 6.4 points above the leftist candidate López Obrador of the Party of the Democratic Revolution (PRD), who refused to concede to the results and had threatened to challenge the outcome, criticizing

712-426: A large percentage of indigenous peoples for central Mexico, at 20%, compared to 3.8 percent for the rest of the State of Mexico, with 8,820 people speaking a native language as of 2005 , with Mazahua dominating. The municipality borders the municipalities of Acambay , Temascalcingo , San Andrés Timilpan , San Bartolo Morelos and El Oro . The municipality has rugged terrain, filled with mountains and hills. It

801-554: A master's degree in Business Administration ( MBA ) at the Instituto Tecnológico y de Estudios Superiores de Monterrey (ITESM), based in the State of Mexico. Peña Nieto joined the Institutional Revolutionary Party (PRI) in 1984, and with a law degree nearly completed, he began earning his own money. During his final years in college, Peña Nieto worked for a public notary in Mexico City, around

890-538: A memory Peña Nieto recalls as the turning point and start of his deep interest in politics. In 1985 at the age of 18, Peña Nieto traveled to Mexico City and enrolled in the Panamerican University , where he earned a Bachelor of Arts (BA) degree in legal studies. Peña Nieto's academic thesis was found to contain some improper citations and plagiarism, which stirred controversy in May 2016. Peña Nieto sought

979-559: A news report titled "In Mexico, 'It's Easy to Kill a Journalist,'" which covered the high rate of deaths and disappearances of journalists in Mexico and declared Mexico had become "one of the worst countries in the world to be a journalist today." In November 2014, an article was published by journalist Carmen Aristegui , indicating that a $ 7 million "White House" owned by Enrique Peña Nieto and his wife Angelica Rivera , in Lomas de Chapultepec

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1068-417: A one-hour phone conversation between the two presidents the day of the scheduled meeting. She stated, "Trump humiliated Peña Nieto" and said the conversation only lasted 20 minutes. She also explained that the speech was prolonged to an hour due to translation efforts because Trump does not speak Spanish and likewise Peña Nieto does not understand English. While many media outlets praised Peña Nieto for canceling

1157-476: A return to the old PRI tactics of "corruption [and] backroom deals" with the cartels in exchange for bribes and relative peace. In 2012, the president-elect emphasized that he did not support the involvement or presence of armed United States agents in Mexico but considered allowing the United States to instruct Mexico's military training in counterinsurgency tactics. Beyond that, Peña Nieto promised that

1246-494: A series of failed policies and a strained public presence, while supporters note increased economic competitiveness and loosening of gridlock. He began his term with an approval rate of 50%, hovered around 35% during his inter-years, and finally bottomed out at 12% in January 2017. He left office with an approval rating of only 18% and 77% disapproval. Peña Nieto is seen as one of the most controversial and least popular presidents in

1335-535: A thing or two from their resurgent southern neighbor" and saying Mexicans citizens' "alarms were replaced with applause." According to the Mexican Social Security Institute (IMSS), between December 2012 and June 2016, more than two million jobs were created in Mexico. Women comprised 41% of those jobs, and individuals between 20 and 34 took 36%. IMSS also revealed that 86% were long-term jobs and 14% were temporary. These jobs have led to

1424-482: A third of it, with 197 out of 682 paragraphs being unsourced or wrongly sourced works. In October 2017, Santiago Nieto Castillo , the head of the Office for Election-related Crimes (FEPADE), was controversially removed from office, shortly after opening an investigation into illicit campaign money during the 2012 presidential campaign , received by Peña Nieto and would be president of Pemex , Emilio Lozoya Austin from

1513-602: Is located on the Trans-Mexican Volcanic Belt , in the Lakes and Volcanos of Anáhuac region. Principle elevations include Cerro Xitije, Cerro Atlacomulco, Cerro La Cruz and Cerro El Cielito. Its altitude varies from 2720 to 3030 meters above sea level. It is part of the Lerma River basin which crosses the territory, as well as a number of streams and fresh-water springs. There three dams in the area, with

1602-508: The Isthmus of Tehuantepec to better join the ports of Coatzacoalcos , Veracruz and Salina Cruz , Oaxaca. Another zone in the petroleum region of Tabasco and Campeche, hit by the downturn in the oil industry , is planned for 2017. The special economic zones are meant to alleviate the lack of industry in the South. During the signing, Peña Nieto highlighted the difference between the South and

1691-486: The National Human Rights Commission (CNDH) stated protestors were subjected to cruel, inhuman, or degrading treatment , arbitrary arrests, and sexual assault, and remarked on the excessive use of force by state and federal police. Peña Nieto stated in an interview that he does not justify the actions of the state and municipal forces, but also mentioned that they were not gladly received by

1780-738: The Suburban Railway of the Valley of Mexico Metropolitan Area and the "Mexibús," both of which served commuters between Mexico City and the State of Mexico, providing service to more than 300,000 people every day and 100 million a year. Regarding public health services, 196 hospitals and medical centers were built throughout the state, and the number of mobile units used to attend remote and vulnerable areas doubled. Deaths caused by respiratory diseases were reduced by 55%, while deaths caused by dysentery and cervical cancer were reduced by 68% and 25% respectively. In addition, between 2005 and 2011,

1869-763: The history of Mexico . Enrique Peña Nieto was born on 20 July 1966 in Atlacomulco , State of Mexico , a city 55 miles (89 km) northwest of Mexico City . He is the oldest of four siblings; his father, Gilberto Enrique Peña del Mazo, was an electrical engineer; his mother, María del Perpetuo Socorro Ofelia Nieto Sánchez, was a schoolteacher. He is the nephew of two former governors of the State of México: on his mother's side, Arturo Montiel ; on his father's, Alfredo del Mazo González . He attended Denis Hall School in Alfred, Maine , during one year of junior high school in 1979 to learn English. After living in Atlacomulco for

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1958-681: The 1999–2000 administration in the State of Mexico. Peña Nieto formally started his political career under the mentorship of Montiel Rojas, becoming the Secretary of the Citizen Movement of Zone I of the State Directive Committee of the National Confederation of Popular Organizations (CNOP), one of the three sectors of the PRI. For three consecutive years, Peña Nieto participated as a delegate to

2047-519: The Brazilian conglomerate Odebrecht . In December 2017, The New York Times published accusations that Peña Nieto's government was blocking investigations against public corruption, with a commissioner saying the government was preventing the establishment of an impartial leader in FEPADE. 22 ex-governors, all members of the PRI, were investigated for corruption with five jailed. In March 2018, during

2136-654: The Directive Council of Social Security, president of the Internal Council of Health, and vice president of the National System for Integral Family Development – all in the State of Mexico. Under the wing of Montiel Rojas, Peña Nieto formed a group known as the "Golden Boys of Atlacomulco" with other members of the PRI. Peña Nieto was elected to a local deputy position in his hometown of Atlacomulco , State of Mexico, in 2003. Two years later,

2225-600: The Mexican government had used the Pegasus spyware to surveil targets such as reporters, human rights leaders, and anti-corruption activists using text messages as lures. From 2011 to 2017, the Mexican government spent $ 80 million on spyware. Pegasus infiltrates a person's cell phone and reports on their messages, e-mails, contacts, and calendars. In 2016, Aristegui revealed in a special report arguing that Enrique Peña Nieto had committed plagiarism in his law thesis, at least

2314-545: The Mexican government itself. A December 2017 article in The New York Times reported Enrique Peña Nieto spent about 2 billion dollars on publicity during his first five years as president, the largest publicity budget ever spent by a Mexican President. In September 2014, 43 male college students were forcibly taken and then disappeared in Guerrero . The forced mass disappearance of the students arguably became

2403-496: The Organization and Citizen Front in different municipalities of the State of Mexico. Then, between 1993 and 1998, during Emilio Chuayfett's term as governor, Peña Nieto was chief of staff and personal secretary to Montiel Rojas, the Secretary of Economic Development of the State of Mexico. After 1999, Peña Nieto went from having low-level secretary positions to higher and more qualified offices. He served from 1999 to 2000 as

2492-478: The PRI for allegedly engaging in vote buying and receiving illegal campaign contributions. Peña Nieto was sworn in as President of Mexico on 1 December 2012 at the federal congress and later flew to a military parade to formally take control of the armed forces . During his inauguration speech at the National Palace, Peña Nieto proposed his agendas and reforms for the new administration. Before and after

2581-698: The PRI such as Javier Duarte and César Duarte Jáquez (both who were later arrested). Santiago Nieto further charged that the PGR and FEPADE were not being neutral and were instead being used as tools by Peña Nieto's government to tamper with the upcoming election, by investigating Anaya, a political opponent, and not José Antonio Meade , a political ally. In an interview with The Wall Street Journal , Santiago Nieto would later reveal that Peña Nieto's government tried to bribe him to keep him silent, which he refused by saying, "Sorry, but I can't receive any money from Peña Nieto." He subsequently received threatening calls with

2670-504: The State of Mexico was able to fulfill the requirement of the World Health Organization of having one doctor for every 1,000 inhabitants. The funds for these and all the other commitments were obtained through restructuring the state's public debt, a strategy designed by his first Secretary of Finance, Luis Videgaray Caso . The restructuring also managed to keep the debt from increasing during Peña Nieto's term because

2759-707: The State of Mexico. On 12 February 2005, with 15,000 supporters in attendance, he was sworn in as a candidate for the PRI. On 15 September 2005, Peña Nieto was sworn in as governor of the State of Mexico at the Morelos Theater in Toluca. Among the attendees were the outgoing governor, Arturo Montiel ; the president of the Superior Court of Justice, José Castillo Ambriz; former governors, members of Peña Nieto's cabinet and party; mayors, businessmen, and church figures. The centerpiece of Peña Nieto's governorship

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2848-487: The States would take no other measures in Mexico. The security policy of Peña Nieto prioritized the reduction of violence rather than attacking Mexico's drug-trafficking organizations head-on, marking a departure from the strategy of the previous six years during Felipe Calderón 's administration. One of the biggest contrasts is the focus on lowering murder rates, kidnappings, and extortions, as opposed to arresting or killing

2937-430: The auto sector in Mexico had reached US$ 19 billion. The Bajío Region has received the majority of this investment, and with its rapidly expanding aerospace industry has become the fastest-growing region in the country. In February 2014, Time was met with controversy for the release of a cover featuring Enrique Peña Nieto with the caption "Saving Mexico" (written by Michael Crowley ), as the cover article's title inside

3026-518: The biggest political and public security scandal Peña Nieto faced during his administration. It led to nationwide protests and international condemnation, particularly in Guerrero and Mexico City. During his tenure as president, Peña Nieto has been accused of failing to protect journalists, whose deaths have been speculated to be politically triggered by officials attempting to prevent coverage of scandals. On 29 April 2017, The New York Times published

3115-441: The birds kept and bred here are doves, guinea hens, peacocks and storks. Cabin rentals are available for visitors. Most of the municipality outside the city proper is dedicated to agriculture. Over 90% of what is grown is corn. Other crops include wheat, oats, barley and beans. Livestock is divided mostly among cattle, sheep and domestic fowl. Most of the crops and livestock are produced for auto-consumption. One notable exception

3204-528: The book to his wife Angélica Rivera and to governor Eruviel Ávila Villegas and his family. Peña Nieto said that the return of the PRI marks a new era in Mexico and that his book served as a starting point to take Mexico "to better horizons". On 27 November 2011, a few days after the book fair, Peña Nieto was the PRI's last standing nominee for the 2012 Mexican presidential elections. The former State of Mexico governor completed his nomination at an event that gathered sympathizers and politicians. Six days earlier,

3293-406: The book, Peña Nieto argued that Mexico needed to expand its economy to create more jobs, insisting that in the past, the country had only created jobs in the informal sector . Additionally, he argued that promoting Pemex (Mexico's state-owned oil company) to compete in the private sector would create more jobs, elevate productivity, and balance wealth distribution across Mexico. Peña Nieto dedicated

3382-645: The campaign period for the 2018 presidential election , the Prosecutor General's Office (PGR) opened an investigation into the PAN's candidate, Ricardo Anaya , for money laundering. Santiago Nieto said that the accusations toward Anaya were minor in comparison to the Odebrecht and Peña Nieto scandal, as well as the SEDESOL scandal (in which 435 million pesos were lost) or the corruption amongst governors from

3471-452: The citizens of San Salvador Atenco upon their arrival. On 23 November 2011, Peña Nieto attended a book fair in Casa del Lago , Mexico City. There he presented his book México, la gran esperanza (Mexico, the great hope) . He was accompanied by the writer Héctor Aguilar Camín , the former governor of Mexico's Central Bank, Guillermo Ortiz Martínez , and the journalist Jaime Sánchez Susarrey. In

3560-452: The city of Atlacomulco with his groups while on his way to the Bajío region. He is known here for sacking almost all of the municipality's grain, as well as printing money which was circulated in the north of Mexico. During this time period, the municipality's most famous resident, Isidro Fabela Alfaro was active as a politician and writer. During the first half of the 20th century, most of

3649-821: The closing of foreign borders, and shut down gas stations. Peña Nieto invited U.S. Republican presidential candidate Donald Trump to visit on 31 August 2016 and appeared with him in a press conference. Peña Nieto was criticized for extending the invitation to Trump, and following the conference, journalist Jorge Ramos criticized Peña Nieto for not using the opportunity to publicly contradict Trump's campaign promise to make Mexico pay for his proposed Mexico–United States border wall , as well as what Ramos called, Trump's "attacks on Latin American immigrants, his rejection of free trade agreements and his scorn for global organizations." Despite this, Peña Nieto stated on his Twitter that he made it clear to Trump that Mexico would not pay for

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3738-535: The control of Tlacopan or Tacuba. After the Spanish conquest of the Aztec Empire , Atlacomulco became the encomendero of Francisco de Villegas in 1535. In 1537, the regent of Ixtlahuaca took possession of the area, and relocated Spanish families here to settle. The municipality remained quiet through the rest of the colonial period and during the various wars of the 19th century. The only events of note were

3827-420: The country's most-wanted drug lords and intercepting their shipments. On 13 December 2012, a law that included far-reaching security reforms was approved. Mexico's Interior Ministry , greatly strengthened by the bill, was solely responsible for public security. Part of Peña Nieto's strategy consists of the creation of a national police of 40,000 members, known as a " gendarmerie ." The Economist reported that

3916-400: The educational institutions here were established. In 1951, the village gained town status and in 1987, it was declared a city. As a municipality, the city of Atlacomulco is the local government for nearly 110 other communities in the area, which cover a territory of 258.74km2. Only about a quarter of the municipality's population of 77,831 lives in the city proper. The municipality has

4005-522: The first 11 years of his life, Peña Nieto's family moved to the city of Toluca . In 1975, his father often took him to the campaign rallies of the State of Mexico's governor, Jorge Jiménez Cantú , a close friend of Peña del Mazo. The governor's successor was Alfredo del Mazo González , a cousin of Peña Nieto's father. During Del Mazo González's campaign in 1982, the fifteen-year-old Peña Nieto had his first direct contact with Mexican politics : he began delivering campaign literature in favor of his relative,

4094-485: The first time a rank higher than Knight. The minimum age requirement is normally 35. The Knight Grand Cross with Collar is awarded only to heads of state . Atlacomulco The area was originally settled by the Mazahuas but the date of their arrival is not known. This area eventually came under the control of Azcapotzalco during the reign of Tezozomoc , calling it the province of Mazahuacan. Later, it came under

4183-582: The gendarmerie would have an initial strength of 10,000. Still, the Washington Office on Latin America reported that it was reduced to 5,000 members and would not be operational until July 2014. The Interior Ministry announced that 15 specialized police units were being formed to exclusively focus on major crimes that include kidnapping and extortion, along with a new task force dedicated to tracking missing persons. Peña Nieto also proposed centralizing

4272-453: The governorship of the State of Mexico was sought by Atlacomulco-natives Carlos Hank Rhon , Isidro Pastor, Héctor Luna de la Vega, Guillermo González Martínez, Óscar Gustavo Cárdenas Monroy, Eduardo Bernal Martínez, Cuauhtémoc García Ortega and Fernando Alberto García Cuevas. Peña Nieto was among the crowd but was not poised as one of the favorites. Nonetheless, in 2005, Peña Nieto was the last man standing, succeeding Montiel Rojas as governor of

4361-442: The inauguration, in an event that has been labeled by the media as the 1DMX , protesters rioted outside of the National Palace and clashed with Federal Police forces, vandalizing hotel structures and setting fires in downtown Mexico City. More than 90 protesters were arrested, and several were injured. Mayor Marcelo Ebrard blamed "anarchist groups" for the violence. However, there is evidence that agents of provocation worked with

4450-470: The industrial North and Center of Mexico: two of every three people in extreme poverty in Mexico live in the southern states. While the three poorest states (Chiapas, Oaxaca, and Guerrero) have about 10% of the population, they receive just $ 1 of every $ 36 in foreign direct investment in the country. He went on to say that there are two Mexicos: one "that competes and wins in the global economy , with growing levels of income, development and well-being ." At

4539-530: The jury determined that it was indeed unconstitutional and against the law, to fire her and indeed was an act of censorship towards the freedom of speech. Peña Nieto's successor in the presidency of Mexico, Andres Manuel López Obrador, promised Aristegui would be free to return to radio if she wanted and that there would be no more unfair censorship towards the freedom of speech. On 19 June 2017, The New York Times , in conjunction with Carmen Aristegui and Televisa news reporter Carlos Loret de Mola , reported that

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4628-416: The latest, each of these zones will have an anchor tenant that will attract suppliers and other industries in the supply chain by 2018. The World Bank advised Mexico during the formulation of the special economic zones plan. Peña Nieto enacted a public education reform that aimed to curb the powerful teachers' union, Sindicato Nacional de Trabajadores de la Educación (SNTE), improve standards, centralize

4717-522: The leaders of the two other major parties at the time, Jesús Zambrano Grijalva of the Party of the Democratic Revolution and Gustavo Madero Muñoz of the National Action Party , about the government's goals for the next few years. On 1 December 2018, Enrique Peña Nieto left office and was succeeded by Andrés Manuel López Obrador . The auto manufacturing industry expanded rapidly under Nieto's presidency. In 2014, more than US$ 10 billion

4806-602: The liberty of the citizens) encircling the head of Italia turrita on the reverse. The six degrees with corresponding ribbons are as follows (with numbers to 2 June 2020): The order is bestowed by decree of the President of the Italian Republic , as head of the orders of knighthood, on the recommendation of the President of the Council of Ministers . Except in exceptional circumstances, no one can be awarded for

4895-435: The magazine. The controversial article praised the president and his cabinet for reforms like opening oil fields for foreign investment for the first time in 75 years (a reform towards which Mexican citizens have shown mixed feelings), ending the Mexican drug wars (which was not completely accurate), and even going as far as saying "the opposition party blocked major reforms that were necessary," that "American leaders could learn

4984-599: The main one being J. Trinidad Fabela. Its climate is fairly moist with most rain falling between June and September. Average high temperatures is 19.9C and average low is 7.4C. Most of the vegetation is mixed- and conifer forests, covering about 20% of the municipality. The most common trees include cedars , holm oaks , eucalyptus , ash , strawberry trees , pines, oaks and weeping willows . Wild animals include small and medium-sized mammals such as squirrels, rabbits and foxes as well as reptiles such as chameleons , rattlesnakes and various small lizards. The northern part of

5073-434: The most active in the governor's term. The 608 projects Peña Nieto proposed included creating highways, building hospitals, and creating adequate water systems to provide fresh water throughout the state. The most important was highway infrastructure, which tripled under Peña's government. By mid-2011, the official page of the State of Mexico noted that only two projects were left. The major projects in public transportation were

5162-509: The multilateral Pact for Mexico , which soothed inter-party fighting and increased legislation across the political spectrum. During his first four years, Peña Nieto led a breakup of state monopolies , liberalized Mexico's energy sector , instituted public education reforms, and modernized the country's financial regulation . However, political gridlock and allegations of media control gradually worsened, along with corruption, crime, and drug trade in Mexico . Global drops in oil prices limited

5251-772: The municipality near the Jocotitlán volcano is now a natural reserve where logging is prohibited and reforestation is underway. It is also a state park called the Isidro Fabela State Natural Park. Near the community of El Salto is the José Trinidad Fabela dam. In the middle of the lake created by the dam is the Isla de las Aves or Island of the Birds. This island is an ecological sanctuary for migratory birds and contains an aviary. Some of

5340-528: The oil company's bonanza. Productivity in Pemex has been declined in the 2000s. Peña Nieto declared while campaigning that overhauling Pemex will be the PRI's and his "signature issue," and that he will encourage private companies to invest in exploration and development activities. Following Peña Nieto's hike in the price of gasoline as a result of his privatization of the Mexican oil industry, protests erupted nationwide . Protestors blockaded major highways, forced

5429-617: The oil company. According to the Financial Times in 2012, Peña Nieto's PRI government, which held just over 38% of the votes in Congress, might have difficulty gaining a majority to pass such reforms, or the two-thirds majority needed to change the Mexican constitution . Pemex was founded through the nationalization of foreign oil interests, and the Mexican constitution bans major outside investments. Changing Pemex could transform

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5518-767: The order are OMRI . The order effectively replaced national orders such as the Civil Order of Savoy (1831), the Order of the Crown of Italy (1868), the Order of Saints Maurice and Lazarus (1572) and the Supreme Order of the Most Holy Annunciation (1362). Investiture takes place twice a year – on 2 June, the anniversary of the foundation of the Republic , and on 27 December, the anniversary of

5607-704: The passing of the armies of Miguel Hidalgo and Ignacio López Rayón on the edges of the municipality during the Mexican War of Independence . Atlacomulco officially became a municipality in 1824. During the very late 19th century and early 20th century, Atlacomulco was dominated by a number of large haciendas which include the Toshi Hacienda and the El Salto Hacienda. In 1915, during the Mexican Revolution , Lucio Blanco occupied

5696-489: The police, and paid 300 Mexican pesos (about US$ 20) for their acts of vandalism, according to media reports. Photos show protesters waiting in groups behind police lines before the violence. Previous protests had been entirely peaceful, but on this occasion, in apparent response to violence, the police fired rubber bullets. The day after his inauguration, Peña Nieto announced the Pact for Mexico , an agreement that he had struck with

5785-551: The price of tortillas . When he was criticized as being out of touch, Peña Nieto insisted that he was not "the woman of the household" and thus would not know the price. His campaign was supported by the Commitment to Mexico alliance. On 1 July 2012, Mexico's presidential election took place. In an initial, partial count issued that night, the Federal Electoral Institute (IFE) announced that based on

5874-517: The process for hiring, evaluating, promoting, and retaining teachers, and crack down on corruption – such as wages for non-existent "ghost teachers". Five years after its signing, the plan has barely affected standards: Mexico still ranks last in education among the 35 Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development countries and the Secretariat of Public Education spent more money on communications (2,700% more on communications in 2017 than

5963-570: The promulgation of the Italian Constitution . However, those awards on Presidential motu proprio , related to termination of service or granted to foreigners, may be made at any time. The badge, modified in 2001, bears the inscription Al Merito della Repubblica encircling the national coat of arms on the obverse and the Latin Patriæ Unitati (for the union of the country) and Civium Libertati (for

6052-443: The psychology of Mexico's business sector and involve cultural and political changes that cannot be rushed. President Lázaro Cárdenas led the expropriation of foreign oil company assets in 1938 to form Pemex, which has served as a symbol of national identity. Eric Martin of Bloomberg News stated that if Peña Nieto wants to invite investment, he must face the challenges of union leaders and local officials who have benefited from

6141-693: The same time his relative Alfredo del Mazo González was mentioned as a firm candidate for the 1988 presidential elections . In his twenties, he worked at the San Luis Industrial Corporation, an auto parts manufacturer, and the law firm Laffan, Muse, and Kaye. While still a student at the Universidad Panamericana , he roomed with Eustaquio de Nicolás, the current president of Homex , a leading Mexican construction and real estate company. He also befriended and roomed with Luis Miranda, who occupied several offices during

6230-493: The same time, the other Mexico "has been left behind [and] hasn't been able to take advantage of its potential." The special economic zones will offer tax incentives (exemption from the 16% VAT ), trade and customs benefits, and the streamlining of regulatory processes. There will also be an increase in infrastructure spending in these regions. Private administrators will run the zones on 40-year contracts (managing infrastructure and attracting tenants). According to Peña Nieto, at

6319-406: The senator and preliminary candidate of the PRI, Manlio Fabio Beltrones , withdrew from the race and gave Peña Nieto a clear path toward the presidency. During a book fair a month later, Peña Nieto's public image came into question after he struggled to answer a question that asked which three books had marked his life. Later, Peña Nieto was interviewed by El País and admitted that he did not know

6408-759: The sub-federal police forces under one command. In December 2017, the Law of Internal Security was passed by legislation. Still, it was met with criticism, especially from the National Human Rights Commission , accusing it of giving the President a blank check . During the presidential campaign, Peña Nieto promised to allow private investment in Pemex , Mexico's state-owned oil company. He also indicated interest in an economic agreement with Petrobras , Brazil's oil company. By liberalizing Pemex, investors say Peña Nieto's proposal could allow joint ventures and private investment in

6497-404: The sub-secretary of government, and as financial sub-coordinator of the political campaign of Montiel Rojas. In 2001, Montiel Rojas named Peña Nieto Sub-secretary of Interior in the State of Mexico, a position that granted him the opportunity to meet and forge relationships with top PRI politicians and business leaders. After his term concluded, he served as the administrative secretary, president of

6586-787: The success of his economic reforms. His handling of the Iguala mass kidnapping in 2014 and the escape of drug lord Joaquín "El Chapo" Guzmán from Altiplano prison in 2015 sparked international criticism. Guzmán himself claims to have bribed Peña Nieto during his trial. As of 2022, he is additionally part of the Odebrecht controversy , with former Pemex CEO Emilio Lozoya Austin declaring that Peña Nieto's presidential campaign benefited from illegal campaign funds provided by Odebrecht in exchange for securing public contracts and political favors. Historical evaluations and approval rates of his presidency have been mostly negative. Detractors highlight

6675-546: The tax base was broadened to the point that it doubled in six years. Peña Nieto also claimed that he halved the murder rate in the State of Mexico during his time as governor, but retracted this claim after The Economist showed that the murder rate did not diminish and was being measured differently. The Yo Soy 132 student movement criticized Peña Nieto for his stance on the San Salvador Atenco unrest , which occurred during his term as governor. A report from

6764-453: The three-month campaign, Peña Nieto was not explicit on his anti-crime strategy, and many analysts wondered whether he was holding back politically sensitive details or simply did not know how he would attempt to squelch the violence and carry out the next stage in Mexico's drug war . United States officials were worried that the election of Peña Nieto's Institutional Revolutionary Party may mean

6853-503: The triangulation investigations that proved Lozoya guilty, he received $ 10 million from Odebrecht. During his trial, Lozoya described the payments for facilitating the exchange as a middle-man. Lozoya and Videgaray are featured prominently in spots from the 2012 presidential campaign. Mexican journalist Carlos Loret de Mola described being contacted by Peña Nieto's state, and being told the former president described himself as "unaware of Lozoya's corruption". Loret de Mola also said Peña Nieto

6942-572: The visit with Trump, Forbes Mexico stated that despite showing support toward Peña Nieto for canceling such an event, "that shouldn't translate in forgiveness to what happens within our country [Mexico]" adding that "a state incapable of bringing credibility and stability could not grow", and that more than Trump, the thing keeping Mexico from prosperity was the corruption within the Mexican government. As of July 2017, Oxford University 's Computational Propaganda Research Project claimed Mexico's social media manipulation ( Peñabots ) to come directly from

7031-517: The wall, only to shortly after get a reply from Donald Trump saying: "Mexico will pay for the wall!" Peña Nieto and Trump were to meet on 26 January 2017, until Trump wrote on his Twitter account: "If Mexico is unwilling to pay for the badly needed wall, then it would be better to cancel the upcoming meeting." This directly led Peña Nieto to cancel his visit to the U.S. president. In an interview with Aristegui Noticias , Washington-based freelance journalist Dolia Estévez said she obtained access to part of

7120-513: The words "Death follows you" and "Words of advice: stay out of Trouble." The Brazilian conglomerate Odebrecht , which is accused of corruption and bribes throughout Latin America, is under investigation for allegedly overriding Peña Nieto's presidential campaign with illegal campaign funds. In exchange for campaign funds, the Peña Nieto administration allegedly granted contracts to Odebrecht through state-owned Pemex . An Odebrecht employee told

7209-488: Was already in contact with his successor, Andres Manuel López Obrador , to declare his version of the events. Loret de Mola said that Peña Nieto was "going to get lost within his lies" during the trial. Order of Merit of the Italian Republic The Order of Merit of the Italian Republic ( Italian : Ordine al Merito della Repubblica Italiana ) is the most senior Italian order of merit . It

7298-471: Was budgeted) than on teacher training. While campaigning, Peña Nieto appointed a former general of the National Police of Colombia as his external advisor for public security and promised to reduce the murder rate in Mexico by 50% by the end of his six-year term. Critics of Peña Nieto's security strategy, however, said that he offered "little sense" in exactly how he will reduce the violence. During

7387-674: Was committed to investment in the sector. In conjunction with Kia Motors in August 2014, the president announced plans for Kia to build a US$ 1 billion factory in Nuevo León . At the time, Mercedes-Benz and Nissan were already building a US$ 1.4 billion plant near Puebla , while BMW was planning a US$ 1 billion assembly plant in San Luis Potosí . Audi began building a US$ 1.3 billion factory near Puebla in 2013. As of December 2014, two years into Peña Nieto's term, total investment in

7476-431: Was detained by the Mexican government. In his trial statements, he testified against Peña Nieto and Luis Videgaray (the former Minister of Finance during Peña's government). He detailed that following Peña's orders, he acted as the middle-man between Peña Nieto and Odebrecht, stating that Peña Nieto's presidential campaign benefited from illegal campaign funds provided by Odebrecht in exchange for future favors. According to

7565-405: Was established in 1951 by the second President of the Italian Republic , Luigi Einaudi . The highest-ranking honour of the Republic, it is awarded for "merit acquired by the nation" in the fields of literature, the arts, economy, public service, and social, philanthropic and humanitarian activities and for long and conspicuous service in civilian and military careers. The post-nominal letters for

7654-476: Was his claim that he was to deliver his compromisos – 608 promises he signed in front of a notary to convince voters that he would deliver results and be an effective leader. According to El Universal , during Peña Nieto's first year as governor, his administration delivered 10 of the structural promises he had advocated in his campaign – marking the lowest figure in his six-year term. By 2006, his administration carried out 141 promised projects, making that year

7743-436: Was marked by low-to-moderate approval of his handling of a rising murder rate , the San Salvador Atenco civil unrest , and various public health issues. He launched his 2012 presidential campaign on a platform of economic competitiveness and open government . After performing well in polls and a series of high-profile candidate withdrawals, Peña Nieto was elected president with 38.14% of the vote. As president, he instated

7832-523: Was not under her name because she had not made the full payment yet. She later deleted the video. Shortly after revealing the Mexican White House incident, Carmen Aristegui was controversially fired from her radio show at MVS Communications . As noted by The New York Times , Aristegui being fired was perceived as censorship toward news journalism and freedom of speech. Aristegui took it to trial and by June 2018, three years after MVS fired her,

7921-408: Was registered under the name of a company affiliated with a business group that had received government contracts to build a bullet train. The revelation of the potential conflict of interest in the acquisition of the house aggravated discontent about the government. Rivera released a video detailing her income as a former soap opera actress, stating that she was selling the house and that the property

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