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30-650: The town is in the district of Sigmaringen south of the Danube valley and therefore on the continental divide between the watersheds of the Rhine and the Danube. The area is known as the Linzgau . Pfullendorf was founded by the Alamanni tribe during their third wave of settlement and might have been named after a clan chief named Pfullo . According to another theory, it was named Dorf am Phoul ( Pfuol ), meaning village on

60-581: A partisan of the future Emperor Frederick I Barbarossa , was able to expand his family's possessions and they eventually owned fiefs from the Danube to the Grisons. Following the death of his son Berthold in 1167, Count Rudolf named the Emperor as his heir and then moved to the Holy Land where he died in 1181. In June 1220, Emperor Frederick II elevated Pfullendorf to the status of Imperial City. However,

90-462: A significant Lutheran Protestant population (especially in northern Württemberg and some parts of Baden and Franconia (northern Bavaria)), in contrast to the almost entirely Protestant Northern Germany . Due to the immigration of non-Christians, mainly Turks (see Turks in Germany ) during the last decades of the twentieth century, there is also a small number (roughly 250,000, i.e. 2–3% of

120-471: Is Mt. Höchsten with a height of 837.8 m (2,749 ft). While the lower parts on the lakeshore are part of the Bodenseekreis district, the upper lands belong to Sigmaringen district. Beside Pfullendorf and Überlingen, the region comprises the town of Markdorf , Meersburg , the municipality of Salem and several smaller communities. The name derives from a Celtic name Lentia for what

150-705: Is a historic region in Southern Germany , in the state of Baden-Württemberg . It is located north of Lake Constance and south of the Danube valley. The region is bounded by the shore of Lake Constance on the south, the Hegau region on the west, the Rhine -Danube watershed on the north, and the Schussen valley on the east. It reaches west as far as Überlingen and north as far as Pfullendorf . The highest peak

180-518: Is culturally and linguistically more similar to German-speaking Switzerland , Austria , and German-speaking South Tyrol than to Central and Northern Germany. A jocular term referring to a cultural boundary defining Bavarian culture is Weißwurstäquator , i.e. the "equator" dividing Northern Germany from the homeland of the Weißwurst sausage. The river Main , flowing westward, through Upper and Lower Franconia and Southern Hesse , through

210-1024: Is located in Pfullendorf, as was the NATO International Long Range Reconnaissance Patrol School following its move from Weingarten to its closure in 1999. In 2001 the United States Army took command of the I-LRRP School in Pfullendorf and the name was changed to the International Special Training Centre (ISTC). ISTC is the International Wing (I-Wing) of the German Ausbildungszentrum Special Operations. Linzgau Linzgau

240-529: Is now known as the Linzer Aach river. The best-known remains of prehistoric human habitation in the region are the Neolithic and Bronze Age pile dwellings on the shores of Lake Constance, of which some examples are reconstructed at Unteruhldingen . Similar Neolithic structures have also been found in a peat bog near Ruhestetten in the municipality of Wald . From the late Hallstatt culture on,

270-463: Is rolling, but fairly flat, with occasional drumlins caused by deposits from the retreating Rhine Glacier in the last ice age . The northern part (or upper Linzgau) has a more rugged climate and rises to as high as 833 m. It is characterized by glacial moraines , with occasional swamps and small lakes, especially in the northeast. Agriculture is largely dedicated to grain. Most of the Linzgau

300-421: Is still rural, with the most heavily populated areas along the shores of Lake Constance. The largest cities are Überlingen, Pfullendorf, and Markdorf. The national highways 31 and 33, which run from east to west along Lake Constance are the only major highways through the region. A car ferry runs from Meersburg across the arm of Lake Constance called the Überlinger See to connect with Constance . Based on

330-570: Is the Catholic deanery . However, it is regaining popularity, as shown by the naming of the new shopping center in Pfullendorf the Linzgau-Center or the slogan of Markdorf : Heart of the Linzgau . The regional tourist association also calls itself Bodensee-Linzgau Tourismus e.V. The southern part of the Linzgau lies on the banks of Lake Constance and has a milder climate, which lends itself to fruit orchards and vineyards. The landscape

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360-678: The German Confederation (1815–1866) was known as the "Main line" ( Mainlinie , after the river Main ), Frankfurt am Main being the seat of the federal assembly. The "Main line" did not follow the course of the River Main upstream of Frankfurt, however, it instead corresponded to the northern border of the Kingdom of Bavaria . Linguistically, Southern Germany corresponds to the Upper German dialects . Southern Germany

390-481: The North German Confederation in the 19th century. Between Northern and Southern Germany is the loosely defined area known as Central Germany ( Mitteldeutschland ), roughly corresponding to the areal of Central German dialects ( Franconia , Thuringia , Saxony ). The boundary between the spheres of political influence of Prussia (Northern Germany) and Austria (Southern Germany) within

420-457: The Rhine and Mosel rivers—is seen as the cultural border between Southern and Western Germany. Two of the most populous states of Germany, Baden-Württemberg and Bavaria, are part of Southern Germany. They have a combined population of 23.5 million people. In the broader sense (with Rhineland-Palatinate and the Saarland), Southern Germany includes roughly 30 million people. Thus, about 40% of

450-564: The Count of Fürstenberg in 1535. The area was then mostly called the County of Heiligenberg . In the early 19th century, under the rule of Napoleon, the Linzgau was assigned to the Grand Duchy of Baden , so the name became synonymous with the district of Überlingen. Today, the area encompasses the districts of Bodensee and Sigmaringen . Today, the only official use for the term Linzgau

480-572: The German population and almost 30% of all native speakers of the German language live there. In the 17th and 18th centuries, emigrants from Southern Germany, known as the Pennsylvania Dutch , were among the first settlers of the colonial-era Province of Pennsylvania and other influential population centers in present-day United States . The region has a Catholic majority, but also

510-480: The Phoul . The area around Lake Constance, particularly the Linzgau, Hegau and Vorarlberg, came progressively under the rule of the counts of Pfullendorf from the 8th century onward. The earliest documented bearer of that name was Count Ludwig von Pfullendorf, who is referred to as the ruler of the county of Hegau from 1067 to 1116. Presumably, Pfullendorf expanded due to its proximity to the counts' castle. Count Rudolf,

540-524: The article in the German Misplaced Pages. 47°48′N 09°10′E  /  47.800°N 9.167°E  / 47.800; 9.167 Southern Germany Southern Germany ( German : Süddeutschland , [ˈzyːtˌdɔʏtʃlant] ) is a region of Germany that includes the areas in which Upper German dialects are spoken, which includes the stem duchies of Bavaria and Swabia in present-day Bavaria , Baden-Württemberg , and

570-683: The city of Frankfurt , into the river Rhine at Mainz , is often cited as a natural border between Southern and Middle Germany while the border west of Mainz is, in that respect, less clearly determined. The border between the Palatinate and the Rhineland —roughly a line between Bonn and Bingen , in the mountain ranges ( Mittelgebirge ) of the Westerwald , the Taunus , and the Eifel , along

600-569: The course of the mediatisation of 1803 and was annexed to the Margraviate of Baden. The old hospital building in the center of town was sold and in 1845 (it now houses the restaurant Deutscher Kaiser ) and a new hospital opened on the site of a former monastery near the Upper Gate. The city was connected to the railway network in 1873-75. Pfullendorf remained an administrative center in the upper Linzgau until 1936. It then became part of

630-448: The district of Überlingen , and has been a part of the district of Sigmaringen since 1973. During the administrative reforms that occurred from 1972 to 1976, the neighboring villages of Aach-Linz, Denkingen, Gaisweiler, Tautenbronn, Großstadelhofen, Mottschieß, Otterswang, and Zell-Schwäblishausen became part of Pfullendorf. The German Army 's Special Operations Training Centre ( German : Ausbildungszentrum für spezielle Operationen )

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660-594: The ones in Heidelberg , Munich , Tübingen , and Würzburg ). The specific features of the landscape are rolling hills, Mittelgebirge (mid-range mountains). Southern Germany also has a part of the Alps , in the southeast of the region ( Allgäu and Bavarian Alps ). In the culinary field, both beer and wine are produced in many varieties throughout the region. The regional cuisine consists of stews , sausages , cabbage , noodles , and other pasta dishes as well as

690-540: The population can be regarded as Celts . Burial mounds have been discovered at Hödingen , Salem , and Stetten . From the first century BC to the third century AD, the area was part of the Roman Empire . Roman settlements existed at Bambergen , Meersburg , and Mettenbuch in the municipality of Ostrach . After the Roman withdrawal beyond the Rhine, Germanic tribes settled in the area. The original Celtic name of

720-466: The population) of Muslims . Where a city has different names in English and German, the English name is given first. Economically, Southern Germany is the strongest part of Germany, with Baden-Württemberg and Bavaria being the powerhouses of manufacturing , especially in the automobile and machinery industry. Furthermore, it is home to some of the country's most prestigious universities (such as

750-457: The prince-bishops of Constance, as the biggest landowners in the Linzgau and patrons of several religious institutions such as Holy Spirit Hospital in Pfullendorf, continued to exert significant political influence over the whole area. At the Council of Constance (1415), King Sigismund granted Blutgerichtsbarkeit ("Blood justice" or the right to pronounce sentences of death or mutilation) to

780-461: The southern portion of Hesse and Rhineland-Palatinate that were part of the Duchy of Franconia . German-speaking Switzerland , Austria , Liechtenstein , Alsace , and South Tyrol are also historically, culturally, and linguistically associated with the region. Southern Germany primarily contrasts with Northern Germany and defines the territories of modern Germany that did not form part of

810-556: The stream gave its name to an Alamannic tribe, the Lentienses mentioned in the fourth century AD by the Roman historian Ammianus Marcellinus . As part of Alemannia , Linzgau was acquired by the Frankish Empire in the 6th century, becoming part of the Duchy of Swabia in the 10th. In 1135, the counts of Heiligenberg received the county of Linzgau. From them, it passed to the Count of Werdenberg in 1277, and later to

840-498: The town, a status that confirmed the city as being answerable to God and to the Emperor only. Starting in 1383, Pfullendorf ruled itself according to a constitution that gave decisive powers to the town guilds and provided for the annual election of the mayor. A 50-member “High Council” also elected annually, was vested with executive authority alongside a 17-member “Small Council” chaired by the mayor. With brief interruptions, this guild-based constitution remained in force until 1803 and

870-587: The turmoil that engulfed Germany during the Protestant Reformation and it was to be one of the 12 Free Imperial Cities, out of 50, that was to be officially classified as Catholic at the Peace of Westphalia, that also explicitly stated for the first time that Free Imperial Cities enjoyed the same degree of independence ( Imperial immediacy ) as the other Imperial Estates . Like most of the other 50 Free Imperial Cities, Pfullendorf lost its freedom in

900-401: Was to serve as a model for other cities. Pfullendorf became a member of the powerful Swabian League in 1488 and took part in the war of 1492 against Duke Albrecht of Bavaria. The city was assigned to contribute 4 footmen, 6 horsemen, 4 wagons and 8 tents for the campaign. Like a few other small Free Imperial Cities in the vicinity of Lake Constance, Pfullendorf was comparatively untouched by

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