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30-513: Situated at the junction of the Tamina and Rhine valleys, it flourished as a religious house and owner of lands and serfs, as well as assuming extraordinary importance as a political and cultural centre of the Chur – Raetian region. According to the chronicles of Hermann of Reichenau , Pfäfers Abbey was founded from Reichenau Abbey in 731, as Monasterium Fabariense ( Latin for bean field );

60-928: A temperature of 36.6 °C (97.9 °F). Discovered in 1240, it was used on site and later in Altes Bad Pfäfers between the years 1350 and 1969, and since then it is used in the Valens medical clinic and the spa in Bad Ragaz. Historically, the Tamina Valley ( Taminatal , also Vättnertal ) was owned by the Pfäfers Abbey , joined to the canton of St. Gallen at its formation in 1803. [REDACTED] Media related to Tamina (Fluss) at Wikimedia Commons 47°01′N 9°31′E  /  47.017°N 9.517°E  / 47.017; 9.517 This Canton of St. Gallen location article

90-675: Is a stub . You can help Misplaced Pages by expanding it . This article related to a river in Switzerland is a stub . You can help Misplaced Pages by expanding it . County of Sargans The County of Sargans was a state of the Holy Roman Empire . From 1458 until the French Revolutionary War in 1798, Sargans became a condominium of the Old Swiss Confederacy , administered jointly by

120-591: Is a river in the south of the canton of St. Gallen in Switzerland , running close to the border to the canton of Grisons . It has a length of almost 29 km (18 mi), flowing through the Tamina Valley, of which Tamina Gorge ( Taminaschlucht ) is an impressiv part, before it enters the Rhine as a left tributary . The river starts below the Sardona Pass (2,758 m (9,049 ft)) and between

150-736: The Acht Orte of the Confederacy minus Berne. The monastery was caught in the turmoil of the Swabian War and the Protestant Reformation and the general financial and political difficulties that engulfed the region. Abbot John Heider (1586–1600) managed briefly to restore the original position of the monastery, but under his successors the situation worsened so the Swiss Confederacy took over administration of

180-739: The Landvögte of Werdenberg and Sargans over "Wartauer trade", which was taken as far as the Tagsatzung , a Swiss confederal council. In 1798, most of the county was given liberty as an independent canton of Sargans, until the county was annexed to the Canton of Linth in the Helvetic Republic , later in the same year. When Napoleon 's Act of Mediation restored the Old Swiss Confederation in 1803, Sargans passed to

210-653: The Surenstock (3,057 m (10,030 ft)) and the Trinserhorn (3,028 m (9,934 ft)) of the Glarus Alps . Within its first half, the river flows eastwards through the valley Calfeisen and the reservoir Lake Gigerwald ( Gigerwaldsee ) until it reaches Vättis at 943 m (3,094 ft), where it is joined by the Gorbsbach and where it turns sharply towards the northeast. Further below,

240-629: The Swiss Congregation of the Benedictine Confederation . His successor, Abbot Boniface I Tschupp, managed the financial recovery and completed the construction in 1694, with the new abbey church dedicated in the same year. The election of the abbot caused controversy in 1734 as Zürich —one of the Swiss cantons in condominium over the abbey—refused to confirm the election of abbot Ambrosius Müller; Johann Jakob Scheuchzer

270-657: The Vogt of Sargans. On 11 November 1798, during the French Revolutionary Wars , the county of Sargans was released by the Confederation and Abbot Benedict Bochsler had to free his subjects in a similar manner. After the French invasion, the monastery was abolished and partially destroyed. In 1801, the abbot returned with some brothers and, in 1803, the monastery was formally restored, after the founding of

300-607: The canton of St. Gallen . Financial struggles prompted the last abbot of the monastery Plazidus Pfister to request the secularization of the abbey, a request to which Pope Gregory XVI acceded in a letter dated 20 March 1838. On 20 November 1838, the Great Council of the canton of St Gallen declared that the monastery be secularised and removed its assets. The Catholic Church tried to claim the assets in vain, conceding them to St Gallen in November 1839. On 14 November 1845, in

330-514: The cantons of Uri , Schwyz , Unterwalden , Lucerne , Zürich , Glarus and Zug . In 1396, the counts of Werdenberg -Sargans pawned Sargans to the Habsburg dukes of Austria , who passed the territory to Friedrich VII, count of Toggenburg . After the death of the last Toggenburgers the counts of Werdenberg-Sargans redeemed the pledge, to rule over the county anew, with Walenstadt and Quarten remaining as Vogtei ( protectorates ) of

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360-536: The second war of Villmergen , Bern became involved in the condominium, with the Lordship of Freudenberg ( Imperial Abbey of Pfäfers ) and Walenstadt joining the jointly administered territories. From 1483, Quarten became part of the Vogtei of Windegg , but it remained subordinate to the blood court ( Blutgerichtsbarkeit ) of Sargans. A special case was the area of the today's municipality of Wartau . It belonged to

390-605: The County of Sargans, with exception of the Lordship of Wartau, which covered only Wartau Castle and the village of Gretschins (now part of Wartau ). The Lordship was legally closely interlaced with the remaining area of the today's municipality Wartau, but was subordinate to the jurisdiction of the County of Werdenberg . In 1517, when Werdenberg became a part of Glarus, this legal situation led to numerous conflicts in 1694–95 between

420-627: The Franks , assured the monastery the right of freely electing its abbot. This was extended in 861 to include ecclesiastical immunity and royal protection. The East Frankish king Louis the Child gave Pfäfers, in 905, to Solomon III, Bishop of Constance , who was also the abbot of St Gall . Between 914 and 949, the Abbey of St. Gall and the bishop of Chur fought over the protectorship of the Abbey. Otto I, Holy Roman Emperor , finally confirmed again in 949

450-541: The Habsburgs. The inhabitants of the country refused, however, to recognise the counts of Werdenberg-Sargans as their lords and, in 1436, made a treaty with the city of Zürich . In the Old Zürich War , a civil war between Zürich and the cantons of Glarus and Schwyz , the counts allied themselves with the opponents of Zürich. Schwyz and Glarus conquered the county and forced the population to carry out, for

480-640: The Tamina flows into the Mapraggsee . The lower section, heading northwards through Pfäfers , forms a deep and narrow gorge called the Taminaschlucht (English: Tamina Gorge ). The river then flows through Bad Ragaz before it finally merges with the Alpine Rhine . Between Valens and the hamlet of Bonadivis, the water of the Tamina digs up to 200 m (660 ft) into the ground. Over

510-400: The buildings of the abbey was founded the cantonal asylum of St. Pirminsberg, today's St Pirminsberg Psychiatric Hospital. The precious artefacts from the abbey were auctioned and scattered in museums around the world. Konrad von Ritter from Wolfurt took possession of the famous Wolfurter cup ( German : Wolfurter Kelch ), created in the monastery in the 13th century. In 1853, the archives of

540-536: The count von Werdenberg-Sargans, the Oath of Loyalty . In 1458, the counts renewed their association with Schwyz and Glarus. Nevertheless, the Eidgenossen kept Walenstadt, Nidberg and Quarten, which they had conquered from the Habsburgs. In 1482–83, the last count sold Sargans to become a shared territory of the seven cantons of the Old Swiss Confederation . (Whilst there were eight cantons to Switzerland, Bern

570-506: The early Middle Ages Pfäfers remained the most important monastery in the diocese of Chur, and intellectual centre of the region. The three most important Chur-Raetian manuscripts were made in Pfäfers: Liber Aureus (the main source for the abbey's history), Liber viventium (the abbey's memorial book) and Vidimus Heider (the abbey's cartulary ). In 1208, Otto IV, Holy Roman Emperor , passed Vogtei (protectorship) of

600-604: The first monks came from Reichenau. The founding legend refers to the itinerant bishop Saint Pirmin , with the first documentary mention of the abbey in 762. The monastery controlled the important route through the Kunkels Pass to the passes into Italy in the Graubünden . After the bishop's seat of Chur the monastery was the most important religious centre in Chur-Raetia and the diocese of Chur . Many parishes in

630-407: The last 15,000 years, the small river has eaten its way into the rock and, between Valens and Ragol, it is sometimes even completely covered by natural bridges . The narrow crevice is around 750 m (2,460 ft) long and 70 m (230 ft) deep. The gorge, which is accissible by a pedestrian bridge, also contains a hot spring used for a spa . At Pfäfers, the gorge widens so much that for

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660-622: The last 4 km (2.5 mi) there is also space for a single-lane road next to the river, which since 1838 connects Bad Ragaz with Altes Bad Pfäfers (a former spa and hotel, now a museum and restaurant). The road is closed to cars, but a bus operates on it. There are two hypotheses about the origin of the Tamina Gorge: In the upper part of the Tamina Gorge there is a hot spring, pumping out 8,000 L (1,800 imp gal; 2,100 US gal) of water per minute with

690-509: The monastery to the Barony of Sax , to whom the monks pledged at least partial allegiance. In 1257, Abbot Rudolf bought back their freedom for 300 silver marks and, in 1261, transferred it to the Lords of Wildenberg  [ de ] of Freudenberg Castle . In the 14th century there were two separate Vogtei over the monastery and the upper Taminatal : Castle Freudenberg and Ragaz . Later,

720-710: The monastery were passed to Stiftsarchiv St Gallen, the archives of the Abbey of Saint Gall . From 1619 to 1845 the bones of the archpriest Nicolò Rusca were kept in the Pfäfers monastery; he is currently nominated for beatification . Today these relics are in the Collegiate Church of Sondrio in Valtellina . 46°59′26″N 9°30′7.5″E  /  46.99056°N 9.502083°E  / 46.99056; 9.502083 Tamina (river) The Tamina

750-480: The monastery. In 1665 a fire destroyed the medieval monastery and church. In 1672, Abbot Justus Zink presented plans by John Serro and Giuglio Barbieri for rebuilding the abbey, in the Baroque style , closer to the mountain slope, in the present dominant position, with the first rooms ready for occupation in 1674. Because of the disastrous financial situation, Abbot Zink was forced to resign in 1676, passing control to

780-434: The protectorship passed to the counts of Werdenberg-Sargans and Werdenberg-Heiligenberg . In 1397, the monastery again bought back their Vogtei and, in 1408, King Rupert granted the monastery the privilege to choose its own protector. Following the acquisition of the county of Sargans as a Gemeine Herrschaft of the Old Swiss Confederacy , the abbey became a Swiss protectorate in condominium between Sargans and

810-518: The region were founded from Pfäfers in the 9th and 10th centuries. The substantial influence of the monastery was concentrated in eastern Switzerland, especially between Weesen and Maienfeld , but reached as far as present-day Baden-Württemberg , in the Val Bregaglia , the Vinschgau and the County of Tyrol . In 840, Emperor Lothair I , king of Northern Italy and, nominally, Emperor of

840-529: The right of free election of the abbot to the monks themselves. During the Investiture Controversy , Pfäfers again fell under foreign control, however. In 1095, Henry IV gave the abbey to the diocese of Basel , which exchanged the abbey with Henry V in 1114 for the castle of Rappoltstein in Alsace ; only the intervention of Pope Paschal II in 1116 restored the monastery's freedom. During

870-476: Was not involved in this transaction.) The purchase of 1483 stood at the conclusion of a decades-long expansionist policy of the Confederation in the east of Switzerland. The joint administration of the Landvogtei was quite normal for the 15th-century acquisitions of Switzerland. The administration alternated, every two years, between Zurich, Luzern, Uri, Schwyz, Unterwalden, Zug and Glarus. From 1712, after

900-457: Was therefore commissioned to examine the royal privileges of the abbey. Some of the Imperial and Papal papers confirming rights of the monastery were identified as 17th-century forgeries. Negotiations at the 1738 Tagsatzung finally confirmed the rights of the abbey over the municipalities of Pfäfers , Vättis , Valens and Ragaz . In 1794, a revolt of the monastery's subjects was crushed by

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