A mononym is a name composed of only one word. An individual who is known and addressed by a mononym is a mononymous person .
86-516: Pharrell Lanscilo Williams ( / f ə ˈ r ɛ l / ; born April 5, 1973), often known mononymously as Pharrell , is an American musician. He first became known as one half of the music production duo the Neptunes , which he formed with Chad Hugo in 1992. Fifteen of their productions have peaked within the top ten of the Billboard Hot 100 , which includes four songs that peaked atop
172-594: A Latinized version (where "u" become "v", and "j" becomes "i") of his family surname , "Arouet, l[e] j[eune]" ("Arouet, the young"); it reversed the syllables of the name of the town his father came from, Airvault; and it has implications of speed and daring through similarity to French expressions such as voltige , volte-face and volatile . "Arouet" would not have served the purpose, given that name's associations with " roué " and with an expression that meant "for thrashing". The 19th-century French author Marie-Henri Beyle (1783–1842) used many pen names , most famously
258-479: A skin care brand. In December 2021, Williams would launch the winter line "Premium basics" together with Adidas Originals . In June 2022, Doodles announced Williams as its Chief Brand Officer. Additionally, Doodles have set a release date for Williams to release a Doodles album that will be available to stream in addition to be sold exclusively as NFTs . On February 14, 2023, Louis Vuitton announced that Williams had been appointed their new men's creative director,
344-613: A band composed of Williams, Hugo, and Haley, released their debut album In Search of... . Williams and Hugo signed Clipse to Arista Records through Williams' Star Trak Entertainment imprint in 2001. The Neptunes produced songs on singer Babyface 's 2001 album, Face2Face , including its lead single " There She Goes ". The Neptunes produced the Britney Spears songs " I'm a Slave 4 U " and " Boys " for her third studio album, Britney (2001). In 2002, Clipse released their debut album, Lord Willin' , with produced entirely by
430-547: A chosen name, pen name , stage name , or regnal name . A popular nickname may effectively become a mononym, in some cases adopted legally. For some historical figures, a mononym is the only name that is still known today. The word mononym comes from English mono- ("one", "single") and -onym ("name", "word"), ultimately from Greek mónos (μόνος, "single"), and ónoma (ὄνομα, "name"). The structure of persons' names has varied across time and geography. In some societies, individuals have been mononymous, receiving only
516-661: A combination of two personal names typically given by a Buddhist monk. There are no inherited family names; instead, Bhutanese differentiate themselves with nicknames or prefixes. In the Near East 's Arab world, the Syrian poet Ali Ahmad Said Esber (born 1930) at age 17 adopted the mononym pseudonym, Adunis , sometimes also spelled "Adonis". A perennial contender for the Nobel Prize in Literature, he has been described as
602-415: A given name and a surname. Some companies get around this by entering the mononym as both the given name and the surname. Tenor saxophone The tenor saxophone is a medium-sized member of the saxophone family, a group of instruments invented by Adolphe Sax in the 1840s. The tenor and the alto are the two most commonly used saxophones. The tenor is pitched in the key of B ♭ (while
688-627: A gospel choir at Emanuel African Methodist Episcopal Church in Charleston, South Carolina , where nine black parishioners were shot and killed on June 17, 2015 . It was announced in December 2013 that Williams had been nominated for seven Grammy Awards, including Producer of the Year . In the same month, Williams signed a contract with Columbia Records , and announced an album set for release in 2014 that would feature "Happy". For "Happy", Williams
774-603: A guest appearance on French singer Uffie 's debut album, which was released in early 2010. The Neptunes produced numerous songs on Clipse's third album, Til the Casket Drops (2009). In 2010, Williams worked on the music score for the animated film Despicable Me with composers Hans Zimmer and Heitor Pereira . In 2010, N.E.R.D. released their fourth studio album, Nothing , through Star Trak. In late 2011, Williams worked on three tracks for Mike Posner 's second album, Sky High . In 2012, Williams composed and produced
860-413: A high school talent show, where they were discovered by producer Teddy Riley , whose studio was next to the school. After graduating, the group signed with Riley. Williams wrote Riley's verse on Wreckx-n-Effect 's 1992 hit " Rump Shaker ". As the Neptunes, Williams and Hugo produced Noreaga 's 1998 single " Superthug ". The Neptunes began working with rap duo Clipse (rappers Pusha T and Malice ) in
946-680: A house in the Laurel Canyon neighborhood of Los Angeles . In 2019, Williams offered internships to 144 students at Promise Academy in Harlem , New York City . On March 26, 2021, Williams' cousin Donovan Lynch was shot and killed by an officer from the Virginia Beach Police Department after "brandishing a handgun" following three shootings in the area. Williams has called for a federal investigation into
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#17327978259131032-823: A larger mouthpiece , reed and ligature than the alto and soprano saxophones. Visually, it is easily distinguished by the curve in its neck, or its crook, near the mouthpiece. The alto saxophone lacks this and its neck goes straight to the mouthpiece. The tenor saxophone is most recognized for its ability to blend well with the soprano, alto, and baritone saxophones, with its "husky" yet "bright" tone. The tenor sax has been an important solo instrument in jazz music. Famous and influential players include Coleman Hawkins , Lester Young , Ben Webster , Dexter Gordon , Wardell Gray , Stan Getz , Sonny Rollins , John Coltrane and Wayne Shorter . The work of younger players such as Michael Brecker and Chris Potter has been an important influence in more recent jazz. The tenor saxophone
1118-661: A lifetime. In European and American histories, prominent Native Americans are usually mononymous, using a name that was frequently garbled and simplified in translation. For example, the Aztec emperor whose name was preserved in Nahuatl documents as Motecuhzoma Xocoyotzin was called "Montezuma" in subsequent histories. In current histories he is often named Moctezuma II , using the European custom of assigning regnal numbers to hereditary heads of state. Some French authors have shown
1204-409: A new anthem for the town. Williams recorded three songs for the soundtrack to the 2015 animated film The SpongeBob Movie: Sponge Out of Water . On May 18, 2015, Team Pharrell had 16-year-old Sawyer Fredericks win the eighth season of The Voice . At the 2015 Grammy Awards , Williams performed an orchestral rendition of "Happy" with Hans Zimmer and pianist Lang Lang that included a tribute to
1290-504: A position left vacant by the death of Virgil Abloh in 2021. Williams displayed his first collection during Paris Men's Fashion Week in June 2023. Williams married his longtime partner, model and fashion designer Helen Lasichanh, on October 12, 2013. The couple have four children together: son Rocket (b. 2008) and triplets (b. January 2017). The Despicable Me song "Rocket's Theme" was written in honor of their son Rocket. In 2005, Williams
1376-467: A preference for mononyms. In the 17th century, the dramatist and actor Jean-Baptiste Poquelin (1622–73) took the mononym stage name Molière. In the 18th century, François-Marie Arouet (1694–1778) adopted the mononym Voltaire , for both literary and personal use, in 1718 after his imprisonment in Paris' Bastille , to mark a break with his past. The new name combined several features. It was an anagram for
1462-494: A producer of Hidden Figures . As sole proprietor, he founded the multi-disciplinary media company I Am Other in 2014, which acts as both a record label and creative umbrella for his other endeavors, including his fashion label and retailer, Billionaire Boys Club . He has served as Men's creative director for Louis Vuitton since 2023. Pharrell Lanscilo Williams was born on April 5, 1973, in Virginia Beach, Virginia ,
1548-472: A single name. Alulim , first king of Sumer , is one of the earliest names known; Narmer , an ancient Egyptian pharaoh , is another. In addition, Biblical names like Adam , Eve , Moses , or Abraham , were typically mononymous, as were names in the surrounding cultures of the Fertile Crescent . Ancient Greek names like Heracles , Homer , Plato , Socrates , and Aristotle , also follow
1634-543: A tenor in his opera Fervaal . Lukas Foss includes a tenor in his Symphony No. 2. Béla Bartók used the tenor and other saxes in his ballet The Wooden Prince . Igor Stravinsky has two tenors performing in his Ebony Concerto . Much of the popularity of saxophones in the United States derives from the large number of military bands that were around at the time of the American Civil War . After
1720-767: A tradition of single names. In modern times, in countries that have long been part of the East Asian cultural sphere (Japan, the Koreas, Vietnam, and China), mononyms are rare. An exception pertains to the Emperor of Japan . Mononyms are common in Indonesia , especially in Javanese names . Single names still also occur in Tibet . Most Afghans also have no surname. In Bhutan , most people use either only one name or
1806-400: A type of metal. The wider end of the tube is flared slightly to form a bell , while the narrower end is connected to a single reed mouthpiece similar to that of the clarinet. At intervals down the bore is placed between 20 and 23 tone holes ; these are covered by pads which can be pressed onto the holes to form an airtight seal. There are also two small speaker holes which, when opened, disrupt
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#17327978259131892-468: A unisex fragrance with Williams, named after his album Girl . On March 31, 2014, Williams was announced as a new coach for the seventh season of The Voice , replacing CeeLo Green . In June 2014, it was announced that Williams would make a guest appearance on the docu-series Sisterhood of Hip Hop . Williams co-composed the score for The Amazing Spider-Man 2 (2014) with Hans Zimmer , Johnny Marr , Michael Einziger , and David A. Stewart . Williams
1978-521: A verse to Future 's February 2014 single " Move That Dope ", which also featured Pusha T and Casino over production from Mike Will Made It . On February 18, 2014, Williams announced via Twitter that his second album, Girl , would be released on March 3, 2014. The album was supported by a European concert tour, Dear Girl Tour . At the 86th Academy Awards on March 2, 2014, Williams's song "Happy" lost to " Let It Go " from Frozen . Afterwards, when GQ magazine asked Williams "how badly" did he want
2064-400: A warmer and rounder tone, while jazz mouthpieces generally help produce a brighter and edgier tone. Materials used in mouthpiece construction include plastic , ebonite and various metals, for example bronze , brass and stainless steel . The mouthpiece of the tenor saxophone is proportionally larger than that of the alto, necessitating a similarly larger reed . The increased stiffness of
2150-464: Is one of a family of fourteen instruments designed and constructed in 1846 by Adolphe Sax , a Belgian -born instrument maker, flautist and clarinetist . Based on an amalgam of ideas drawn from the clarinet , flute , oboe and ophicleide , the saxophone was intended to form a tonal link between the woodwinds and brass instruments found in military bands , an area that Sax considered sorely lacking. Sax's patent, granted on 28 June 1846, divided
2236-408: Is used in classical music . It is a standard instrument in concert bands and saxophone quartets . It also has a body of solo repertoire. The tenor is sometimes used as a member of the orchestra in pieces such as Sergei Prokofiev 's " Romeo and Juliet " and " Lieutenant Kijé Suite " and Maurice Ravel 's " Boléro ". Charles Ives employs a tenor in his Fourth Symphony . Vincent d'Indy wrote for
2322-599: The Billboard Hot 100. He then signed with Virgin and Interscope Records to release his debut studio album, In My Mind (2006), which peaked at number three on the Billboard 200 despite mixed critical reception. Williams produced and guest performed alongside T.I. on Star Trak signee Robin Thicke 's 2013 single " Blurred Lines ", which peaked atop the Billboard Hot 100 and received diamond certification by
2408-576: The Black Lives Matter movement, inspired by Eric Garner's death and the Ferguson unrest . In 2015, a unanimous jury determined that " Blurred Lines ", which Williams co-wrote and produced, was an infringement of the 1977 Marvin Gaye song " Got to Give It Up ". The jury awarded the Gaye family $ 7.4 million in damages for the copyright infringement based on profits generated. In October 2015,
2494-515: The Recording Industry Association of America (RIAA). That same year, his guest appearance alongside Nile Rodgers on Daft Punk 's single " Get Lucky " peaked at number two on the chart and won Record of the Year and Best Pop Duo/Group Performance at the 56th Annual Grammy Awards . Williams' 2013 single, " Happy "—released for the soundtrack to the animated film Despicable Me 2 —became his second song to peak atop
2580-545: The Tisch School of the Arts at New York University named Williams as their artist-in-residence . He gave the 2017 commencement address at the university and received an honorary Doctor of Fine Arts degree on May 17, 2017. In 2018, Williams worked with Ariana Grande for her fourth studio album, Sweetener (2018). He produced several songs on the album, and is featured on the song "Blazed". In March 2019, Williams and
2666-476: The military band . Soon after its invention, French and Belgian military bands began to take full advantage of the instrument that Sax had designed specifically for them. Modern military bands typically incorporate a quartet of saxophone players playing the E ♭ baritone , tenor, E ♭ alto and B ♭ soprano . British military bands customarily make use only of the tenor and alto saxes, with two or more musicians on each instrument. The tenor
Pharrell Williams - Misplaced Pages Continue
2752-431: The "four-count beat" started with SWV's song " Right Here ", which Williams was featured on the remix of. Williams has revealed in an interview with Vulture in 2019 that the creation of the four-count loop was unintentional, and the loop was essentially what was left in the song while trying to start a song on the beat instead of using a metronome . In 2005, Williams partnered with Japanese fashion icon Nigo to create
2838-401: The 17th and 18th centuries, most Italian castrato singers used mononyms as stage names (e.g. Caffarelli , Farinelli ). The German writer, mining engineer, and philosopher Georg Friedrich Philipp Freiherr von Hardenberg (1772–1801) became famous as Novalis . The 18th-century Italian painter Bernardo Bellotto , who is now ranked as an important and original painter in his own right, traded on
2924-713: The 1930s onwards have been tenor saxophone players. The strong resonant sound of Hawkins and his followers was in contrast with the lighter approach of Lester Young and his school. During the bebop years, the most prominent tenor sounds in jazz were those of the Four Brothers in the Woody Herman orchestra, including Stan Getz who in the 1960s went on to great popular success playing the Brazilian bossa nova sound on tenor saxophone (not forgetting John Coltrane , Dexter Gordon and Sonny Rollins ). In recent years,
3010-677: The 2013 song " Blurred Lines ", which received intense backlash for its apparent sexist themes. Williams' life and career is the subject of Piece by Piece , an animated documentary film released in theaters in October 2024 and created using Lego animation . In the past, Williams has stated that he does not have any direct musical influences, but he has expressed his admiration for several musicians, including Michael Jackson , J Dilla , Stevie Wonder , Donny Hathaway , Marvin Gaye , Rakim , and Q-Tip . Williams explained that A Tribe Called Quest 's debut album, People's Instinctive Travels and
3096-500: The 2015 crime comedy-drama film Dope . In 2017, Williams designed a €1,000 sneaker in collaboration with Chanel and Adidas. Verizon partnered with Williams on April 26, 2019, to launch a tech-fused music curriculum in a nationwide Verizon Foundation Learning schools. The education organization under Verizon Foundation works toward providing free technology, internet access, technology-focused curriculum to under-resourced middle schools. In November 2020, Williams launched Humanrace,
3182-464: The Neptunes. That year, the Neptunes produced numerous songs on Justin Timberlake 's debut album Justified , including the singles " Señorita ", " Like I Love You ", and " Rock Your Body ". In 2003, the Neptunes released a compilation album, Clones . According to an unnamed August 2003 survey cited by The Age , it was found the Neptunes produced almost 20% of songs played on British radio at
3268-666: The Oceans," a collection of denim made from recycled plastic that is found in the ocean. The project was presented at the American Museum of Natural History in New York City. In 2014, Williams appeared on a cover designed by French artist Grégoire Guillemin of New York-based men fashion magazine Adon, covering the collaboration. Williams released a collection for retail giant Uniqlo in April 2014 entitled "i am OTHER". It
3354-524: The Oscar, he responded: "When they read the results, my face was...frozen. But then I thought about it, and I just decided just to...let it go". At the Oscar Awards that same year, he wore a controversial outfit consisting of a tuxedo with shorts. In May 2014, Williams received an Innovator Award at the iHeartRadio Music Awards . In March 2014, it was announced that Comme des Garçons would be releasing
3440-491: The Paths of Rhythm (1990), caused a "turning point" in his life, which "made him see that music was art". Williams has also referenced his synesthesia as contributing to his art and his enjoyment of music from a young age. Throughout his career, Williams has been known for his "four-count loops" or "four-count starts" at the start of the beats that he produced, which is considered as a producer signature. The first instance of
3526-726: The U.S. Billboard 200 . The Neptunes produced Clipse's second album, Hell Hath No Fury . The Neptunes produced several songs on Stefani's second album, The Sweet Escape (2006), including the promotional single, " Yummy ", which features Williams. In December 2006, Williams was announced as a performer at Concert for Diana in Wembley Stadium , London on July 1, 2007. In 2007, the Neptunes produced on Jay-Z 's tenth studio album, American Gangster . Williams worked with Madonna for her eleventh studio album, Hard Candy (2008). In June 2008, an article in NME revealed that Williams
Pharrell Williams - Misplaced Pages Continue
3612-630: The United States. In mid-2013, Williams was involved in two songs that sold a million copies in the UK: "Get Lucky" and "Blurred Lines". In August 2013, Busta Rhymes talked about an unreleased "documentary album" by Williams where he talks about "inner-city strife and hardship". In November 2013, Williams released the first 24-hour music video for "Happy"; guest appearances included Magic Johnson , Steve Carell , Jimmy Kimmel , Odd Future , among others. On November 1, 2013, Williams performed with
3698-503: The alto is pitched in the key of E ♭ ), and written as a transposing instrument in the treble clef , sounding an octave and a major second lower than the written pitch. Modern tenor saxophones which have a high F ♯ key have a range from A ♭ 2 to E 5 (concert) and are therefore pitched one octave below the soprano saxophone. People who play the tenor saxophone are known as "tenor saxophonists", "tenor sax players", or "saxophonists". The tenor saxophone uses
3784-604: The chart that same year. It also served as lead single for his second album, Girl (2014), which peaked at number two on the Billboard 200 and saw positive critical reception. Williams has received numerous accolades and nominations . He has won 13 Grammy Awards, including three for Producer of the Year, Non-Classical (one as a member of the Neptunes). He is also a two-time Academy Award nominee: in 2014 for Best Original Song for "Happy"; and in 2017 for Best Picture as
3870-466: The chart. The two also formed the alternative band N.E.R.D. with drummer Shay Haley in 1999, for which Williams served as lead vocalist. He has been considered one of the most influential music producers of the 21st century for his impact on popular music . He co-founded the record label Star Trak Entertainment with Hugo in 2001, as an imprint of Arista Records . Williams' 2003 debut single, " Frontin' " (featuring Jay-Z ), peaked at number five on
3956-592: The city of Virginia Beach announced the launch of a three-day music and cultural festival titled Something in the Water , to be held during College Beach Weekend, April 26–28, on the Virginia Beach Oceanfront. The festival lineup included Travis Scott , Migos , Janelle Monáe , SZA , Rosalía , Anderson .Paak , Jhené Aiko , Mac DeMarco , Maggie Rogers , Lil Uzi Vert , Missy Elliott , Pusha T , Dave Matthews Band , and DRAM . The first day of
4042-618: The clan) – the nomen and cognomen were almost always hereditary. Mononyms in other ancient cultures include Hannibal , the Celtic queen Boudica , and the Numidian king Jugurtha . During the early Middle Ages , mononymity slowly declined, with northern and eastern Europe keeping the tradition longer than the south. The Dutch Renaissance scholar and theologian Erasmus is a late example of mononymity; though sometimes referred to as "Desiderius Erasmus" or "Erasmus of Rotterdam", he
4128-406: The correct speaker hole is selected based on the fingering of the left hand (specifically the left ring finger ) was developed soon after Sax's patent expired in 1866. Although a handful of novelty tenors have been constructed 'straight', like the smaller members of the saxophone family, the unwieldy length of the straight configuration means that almost all tenor saxophones feature a 'U-bend' above
4214-526: The eldest of the three sons of teacher Carolyn and handyman Pharoah Williams. His ancestry goes back many generations in Virginia and North Carolina . One of his ancestors journeyed to West Africa in 1831, prompting other relatives to emigrate from the U.S. to Liberia in 1832. Williams met Chad Hugo in a seventh-grade summer band camp, where Williams played drums and Hugo played tenor saxophone . They attended Princess Anne High School where they were in
4300-686: The emperor and his family have no surname, only a given name, such as Hirohito , which in practice in Japanese is rarely used: out of respect and as a measure of politeness, Japanese prefer to say "the Emperor" or "the Crown Prince". Roman Catholic popes have traditionally adopted a single, regnal name upon their election . John Paul I broke with this tradition – adopting a double name honoring his two predecessors – and his successor John Paul II followed suit, but Benedict XVI reverted to
4386-443: The family into two groups of seven instruments, each ranging from soprano down to contrabass. One family, pitched alternatively in B ♭ and E ♭ , was designed specifically to integrate with the other instruments then common in military bands. The tenor saxophone, pitched in B ♭ , is the fourth member of this family. The tenor saxophone, like all saxophones, consists of an approximately conical tube of thin brass,
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#17327978259134472-666: The festival was cancelled due to severe storms. The "Pharrell and Friends" set that closed the festival's second day, featured Williams and a lineup of guests, including Jay-Z , Diddy , Busta Rhymes , Usher , Snoop Dogg , Missy Elliott, Timbaland , Charlie Wilson , and Tyler, the Creator . The festival's final day featured Trey Songz , Chris Brown , Lil Duval , and members of SWV and Blackstreet . Williams produced five songs for Walt Disney Pictures ' The Lion King (2019), marking his third collaboration with composer Hans Zimmer . In October 2019, Williams stated that he regretted
4558-529: The first film, "Despicable Me" and "Fun, Fun, Fun", were also reprised on the Despicable Me 2 soundtrack . He also participated in the drummer sessions of the soundtrack of Man of Steel by Hans Zimmer. In March 2013, Robin Thicke 's single " Blurred Lines ", written and produced by Williams, was released. The song peaked at number one in multiple countries, including the United Kingdom and
4644-518: The greatest living poet of the Arab world. In the West, mononymity, as well as its use by royals in conjunction with titles, has been primarily used or given to famous people such as prominent writers, artists , entertainers , musicians and athletes . The comedian and illusionist Teller , the silent half of the duo Penn & Teller , legally changed his original polynym, Raymond Joseph Teller, to
4730-460: The imposition of Western-style names, one of the recommendations of the Truth and Reconciliation Commission of Canada was for all provinces and territories to waive fees to allow Indigenous people to legally assume traditional names, including mononyms. In Ontario , for example, it is now legally possible to change to a single name or register one at birth, for members of Indigenous nations which have
4816-469: The incident. Mononym A mononym may be the person's only name, given to them at birth. This was routine in most ancient societies, and remains common in modern societies such as in Afghanistan , Bhutan , Indonesia (especially by the Javanese ), Myanmar , Mongolia , Tibet , and South India . In other cases, a person may select a single name from their polynym or adopt a mononym as
4902-472: The late 1990s, and worked on Clipse's album Exclusive Audio Footage , which was not released. The Neptunes produced Mystikal 's single " Shake Ya Ass " (2000), Jay-Z 's single " I Just Wanna Love U (Give It 2 Me) " (2000), and Nelly 's single " Hot in Herre " (2002). They worked with singer Kelis , producing her first two studio albums, Kaleidoscope (1999) and Wanderland (2001). In 2001, N.E.R.D. ,
4988-421: The lower harmonics of the instrument and cause it to overblow into an upper register . The pads are controlled by pressing several keys with the fingers of the left and right hands; the left thumb controls an octave key which opens one or other of the speaker holes. The original design of the tenor saxophone had a separate octave key for each speaker hole, in the manner of the bassoon ; the mechanism by which
5074-451: The mononym "Teller" and possesses a United States passport issued in that single name. While some have chosen their own mononym, others have mononyms chosen for them by the public. Oprah Winfrey , American talk show host, is usually referred to by only her first name, Oprah. Elvis Presley , American singer, is usually referred to by only his first name, Elvis. Western computer systems do not always support monynyms, most still requiring
5160-470: The mononym Stendhal, adapted from the name of the little Prussian town of Stendal , birthplace of the German art historian Johann Joachim Winckelmann , whom Stendhal admired. Nadar (Gaspard-Félix Tournachon, 1820–1910) was an early French photographer. In the 20th century, Sidonie-Gabrielle Colette (1873–1954, author of Gigi , 1945), used her actual surname as her mononym pen name, Colette. In
5246-644: The mononymous pseudonym Witkacy, a conflation of his surname ( Witkiewicz ) and middle name ( Ignacy ). Monarchs and other royalty , for example Napoleon , have traditionally availed themselves of the privilege of using a mononym, modified when necessary by an ordinal or epithet (e.g., Queen Elizabeth II or Charles the Great ). This is not always the case: King Carl XVI Gustaf of Sweden has two names. While many European royals have formally sported long chains of names, in practice they have tended to use only one or two and not to use surnames . In Japan,
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#17327978259135332-537: The mononymous pseudonym of his uncle and teacher, Antonio Canal ( Canaletto ), in those countries—Poland and Germany—where his famous uncle was not active, calling himself likewise "Canaletto". Bellotto remains commonly known as "Canaletto" in those countries to this day. The 19th-century Dutch writer Eduard Douwes Dekker (1820–87), better known by his mononymous pen name Multatuli (from the Latin multa tuli , "I have suffered [or borne ] many things"), became famous for
5418-501: The music for the 84th Academy Awards alongside Hans Zimmer. In 2013, Williams collaborated with French electronic duo Daft Punk on the songs " Get Lucky " and " Lose Yourself to Dance ", both included on Daft Punk's fourth studio album, Random Access Memories . "Get Lucky" peaked at number one on the UK Singles Chart and number two on the U.S. Billboard 200 . In 2013, Williams collaborated with Azealia Banks with
5504-565: The name. A departure from this custom occurred, for example, among the Romans , who by the Republican period and throughout the Imperial period used multiple names : a male citizen's name comprised three parts (this was mostly typical of the upper class, while others would usually have only two names): praenomen (given name), nomen (clan name) and cognomen (family line within
5590-404: The norm for big-band arrangements. The tenor saxophone became best known to the general public through its frequent use in jazz music. It was the pioneering genius of Coleman Hawkins in the 1930s that lifted the tenor saxophone from its traditional role of adding weight to the ensemble and established it as a highly effective melody instrument in its own right. Many innovative jazz musicians from
5676-499: The pattern, with epithets (similar to second names) only used subsequently by historians to distinguish between individuals with the same name, as in the case of Zeno the Stoic and Zeno of Elea ; likewise, patronymics or other biographic details (such as city of origin, or another place name or occupation the individual was associated with) were used to specify whom one was talking about, but these details were not considered part of
5762-413: The reed and the greater airflow required to establish resonance in the larger body means the tenor sax requires greater lung power but a looser embouchure than the higher-pitched members of the saxophone family. The tenor sax reed is similar in size to that used in the bass clarinet , and the two can be easily substituted. The tenor saxophone first gained popularity in one of its original intended roles:
5848-422: The reed vibrates and generates the acoustic resonances required to produce a sound from the instrument. The mouthpiece is the area of the saxophone with the greatest flexibility in shape and style, so the timbre of the instrument is primarily determined by the dimensions of its mouthpiece. The design of the mouthpiece and reed plays a big role in how a saxophone sounds. Classical mouthpieces generally help produce
5934-493: The satirical novel, Max Havelaar (1860), in which he denounced the abuses of colonialism in the Dutch East Indies (now Indonesia ). The 20th-century British author Hector Hugh Munro (1870–1916) became known by his pen name , Saki. In 20th-century Poland, the theater-of-the-absurd playwright , novelist, painter , photographer, and philosopher Stanisław Ignacy Witkiewicz (1885–1939) after 1925 often used
6020-616: The school's band, the Fabulous Marching Cavaliers . Williams graduated from high school in 1991 and he attended Northwestern University for two years before dropping out. In the early 1990s, Williams formed a hip hop group named Surrounded by Idiots with Chad Hugo , Magoo, and cousin Timbaland ; they disbanded before making any records. He then formed a four-piece "R&B-type" group, the Neptunes , with Hugo and friends Shay Haley and Mike Etheridge. They entered
6106-410: The social media venture I Am Other . In August 2013, Williams created a line of sunglasses for fashion brand Moncler called "Moncler Lunettes". In 2014, Williams entered a long-term partnership with Adidas . His Adidas NMD "Human Race" collection was released on July 23, 2016. In February 2014, Williams announced a collaboration between G-Star Raw and his textile company Bionic Yarn called "RAW for
6192-482: The song " ATM Jam ". The song was initially intended for Banks' debut studio album, Broke with Expensive Taste (2014), but was later removed from the album after Banks blamed Williams for the song's poor commercial performance. Williams penned three new original songs, included alongside composer Heitor Pereira 's score, for the film Despicable Me 2 (2013). These were " Just a Cloud Away ", " Happy ", and "Scream" (featuring CeeLo Green ). His two original songs from
6278-416: The song " Shine " for the animated film Paddington (2014). In January 2015, Williams was announced as the musical director for a 7-continent Live Earth concert on June 18, 2015, to raise awareness about and pressure governments to act on climate change. On February 8, 2015, Williams made a cameo in an episode of The Simpsons entitled " Walking Big & Tall " where he comes to Springfield to write
6364-587: The streetwear brands Billionaire Boys Club and Ice Cream footwear. In 2008, Williams co-designed a series of eyewear and jewelry for Louis Vuitton . In 2008, Williams founded a non-profit organization called "From One Hand To AnOTHER" (FOHTA). In 2009, Williams unveiled a collaborative sculpture with Takashi Murakami at Art Basel , which spoke to the metaphor of value. In May 2011, it was announced that Williams would serve as creative director of KarmaloopTV alongside founder and CEO Greg Selkoe and former AMC president Katie McEnroe. In May 2012, Williams launched
6450-574: The tenor continues to be very popular with fans of smooth jazz music, being played by artists such as Kirk Whalum , Richard Elliot , Steve Cole and Jessy J . Saxophonists Ron Holloway and Karl Denson are two of the major proponents of the tenor on the jam band music scene. Van Morrison , learned music notation and tenor saxophone lessons from fellow Hyndford Street neighbour, jazz musician George Cassidy , who specialised in tenor saxophone.Morrison and Cassidy bonded over this, becoming great friends. Former president Bill Clinton has played
6536-410: The tenor saxophone is very similar to that of the clarinet: an approximately wedge-shaped tube, open along one face and covered in use by a thin strip of material prepared from the stem of the giant cane ( Arundo donax ) commonly known as a reed . The reed is shaved to come to an extremely thin point and is clamped over the mouthpiece by the use of a ligature . When air is blown through the mouthpiece,
6622-402: The third-lowest tone hole which is characteristic of the saxophone family. The tenor saxophone is also curved at the top, above the highest tone hole but below the highest speaker hole. While the alto is usually bent only through 80–90° to make the mouthpiece fit more easily in the mouth, the tenor is usually bent a little more in this section, incorporating a slight S-bend. The mouthpiece of
6708-498: The time; another survey in the U.S. found they'd produced 43% of radio songs. The Neptunes produced Snoop Dogg 's single " Drop It Like It's Hot " (2004), which also featured vocals from Williams. The Neptunes produced Gwen Stefani 's single " Hollaback Girl ", which entered the Billboard Hot 100 at number 82 on the issue dated April 2, 2005, and topped the chart within six weeks of its release. In 2006, Williams released his debut solo album, In My Mind . It debuted at number 3 on
6794-451: The use of a single name. Surnames were introduced in Turkey only after World War I , by the country's first president, Mustafa Kemal Atatürk , as part of his Westernization and modernization programs. Some North American Indigenous people continue their nations' traditional naming practices, which may include the use of single names. In Canada , where government policy often included
6880-416: The war, former military band instruments found their way into the hands of the general public, where they were often used to play gospel music and jazz . The work of the pioneering bandleader Patrick Gilmore (1829–1892) was highly influential; he was one of the first arrangers to pit brass instruments ( trumpet , trombone and cornet ) against reeds (clarinet and saxophone) in a manner that has now become
6966-518: Was christened only as "Erasmus", after the martyr Erasmus of Formiae . Composers in the ars nova and ars subtilior styles of late medieval music were often known mononymously—potentially because their names were sobriquets —such as Borlet , Egardus , Egidius , Grimace , Solage , and Trebor . Naming practices of indigenous peoples of the Americas are highly variable, with one individual often bearing more than one name over
7052-420: Was created with Nigo, creative director of UT, the company's T-shirt division. In 2014, Williams worked on art with Emmanuel Perrotin and a French manufacturer, Domeau & Pérès. In June 2014, artist collective Rizzoli published a book by FriendsWithYou , We Are Friends With You , that featured contributions from Williams, Alejandro Jodorowsky , and Peter Doroshenko . Williams was the executive producer of
7138-511: Was interested in producing the next album of American rock band the Strokes . Later that year, Williams worked on a remix album for Maroon 5 , titled Call and Response: The Remix Album . N.E.R.D. released their third studio album, Seeing Sounds , in 2008. Williams worked with Shakira on her songs " Did It Again ", "Why Wait", " Good Stuff ", and "Long Time" for her sixth studio album, She Wolf (2009). The following month, Williams made
7224-517: Was nominated for the Academy Award for Best Original Song . In February 2014, Major Lazer announced they would be releasing a five-track EP titled Apocalypse Soon on the 25th of that month. The EP, released via Mad Decent and Secretly Canadian , features Williams and Sean Paul , among others. The first single off the EP, which features Williams, is titled " Aerosol Can ". Williams contributed
7310-505: Was the executive producer of Atlanta rapper T.I. 's ninth studio album, Paperwork , which was released on October 21, 2014, by Grand Hustle and Columbia Records . In May 2014, Williams curated an art show named after his album, Girl , at the Galerie Perrotin in Paris, France. The show included artists Takashi Murakami , JR , Daniel Arsham , and Marina Abramović , among others. Williams collaborated with Gwen Stefani with
7396-525: Was voted "Best Dressed Man in the World" by Esquire . He is a fan of the science fiction series Star Trek , as indicated by his consistent use of the Vulcan salute to signify his label name, Star Trak . Williams is a skateboarder and has a half-pipe inside his home. In 2011, Williams announced that he is building a $ 35 million after-school center in his home town, Virginia Beach . In 2015, Williams bought
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