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23-546: The Philharmonia Hungarica was first established in Baden bei Wien near Vienna by Hungarian musicians who had fled their homeland after it was invaded by Soviet troops . This refugee ensemble gathered together some of Hungary's finest musical talent and was directed by Zoltán Rozsnyai , former conductor of the Hungarian National Philharmonic . After two years it moved to Marl with funding from

46-651: A Wiener Blut with Rothenberger, Nicolai Gedda and Renate Holm conducted by Willi Boskovsky were also set down. During the 1970s, Doráti and the orchestra, under contract with Decca Records , made a recording of the complete Joseph Haydn symphonies ; only two other ensembles, the Austro-Hungarian Haydn Orchestra, conducted by Ádám Fischer , and the Stuttgart Chamber Orchestra , conducted by Dennis Russell Davies have since repeated this feat. Doráti's recording

69-529: A modern "spa house" ( Kurhaus ), there were 15 separate bathing establishments and several parks. During the war, Baden served as a temporary seat of the Austro-Hungarian high command. A new casino in 1934 made the town the premier resort throughout Austria. The Château Weilburg was destroyed during World War II. After World War II , Baden served as the headquarters of Soviet forces within occupied Austria until 1955. Baden can be reached by

92-595: Is located at the mouth of the Schwechat River 's St Helena Valley ( Helenental ) in the Vienna Woods ( Wienerwald ) range. It takes its name from the area's 14 hot springs , which vary in temperature from 72 to 97 °F (22 to 36 °C) and contain mineral salts including calcium carbonate , calcium chloride and magnesium sulphate . They lie for the most part at the foot of Mt Calvary ( Calvarienberg ; 1,070 ft or 326 m) in

115-514: Is therefore sometimes referred to as the " Biedermeierstadt ". Archduke Charles , the victor of Aspern , constructed the Weilburg Palace at the foot of Rauheneck between 1820 and 1825. In the 19th century, it was connected to the railway running between Vienna and Graz , which led to thousands of Viennese visiting each year to take the waters, including members of the imperial family , who constructed extensive villas nearby. In 1820,

138-602: The Süd Autobahn (A2). It lies on the Südbahn (Southern Railway), the Baden railway station is served by S-Bahn , regional trains, and the Cityjet Xpress train connecting it directly to Vienna and Wiener Neustadt every 30 minutes during peak hours. It also the terminus of the local Badner Bahn tram-train. Kurt Staska ( ÖVP ) was Baden's Bürgermeister as a result of elections of 2015, but he resigned at

161-628: The ' Old Bavarian ' regions of Upper Bavaria (with Munich (see Munich German)), Lower Bavaria and in the adjacent parts of the Upper Palatinate region around Regensburg , in Upper and Lower Austria , in Vienna (see Viennese German ), in the state of Salzburg , as well as in the northern and eastern parts of Styria and Burgenland . Before 1945 and the expulsions of the Germans , it

184-501: The 19th century were steel razors , which were reckoned of excellent quality. The town boasted a theater, military hospital, and casino , all constructed in the late 1800s and early 1900s. The City Theater ( Stadttheater ) was built in 1909 by Ferdinand Fellner . By the time of the First World War , Baden was Vienna's principal resort: 20 000 came each year, double the town's local population. In addition to

207-732: The North Rhine-Westphalia government. Through the efforts of Rozsnyai and honorary president Antal Doráti , the Philharmonia Hungarica quickly matured into one of Europe's most distinguished orchestras. Soon after its foundation Doráti recorded two Bartók LPs, Respighi, two Haydn symphonies, Tchaikovsky and Arensky on the Mercury label. An abridged Orphée aux Enfers (in German) with Adolf Dallapozza and Anneliese Rothenberger , conducted by Willy Mattes, and

230-581: The Sauerhof became the first freestanding spa hotel in Europe. The composer Ludwig van Beethoven stayed a number of times in Baden and his residences still form local tourist spots. The location at Rathausgasse 10 now forms a museum open to the public. Mayerling , a hunting lodge about 4 mi (6.4 km) up the valley, was the site of Crown Prince Rudolf 's murder-suicide in 1889. Its primary export in

253-576: The West German government sought to harness its anti- Soviet propaganda potential. As a result, the government generously funded the orchestra throughout the Cold War and continued subsidies after the Iron Curtain fell in 1990. The withdrawal of state subsidies at the start of 2001, combined with the long-term decline in concert attendances, aggravated the financial problems that threatened

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276-517: The concert would be cancelled. Plans to rescue the orchestra failed, because there was no political interest any longer to keep it alive. Baden bei Wien Baden ( Central Bavarian : Bodn ), unofficially distinguished from other Badens as Baden bei Wien (Baden near Vienna ), is a spa town in Austria . It serves as the capital of Baden District in the state of Lower Austria . Located about 26 km (16 mi) south of Vienna ,

299-453: The dialects of any two neighbouring towns in between will be quite similar. However, due to influences of the corresponding political centres, discontinuous change is nowadays noticeable along the national border between Austria and Germany . Generally, Viennese has some characteristics differentiating it from other Bavarian dialects due to the influence of languages spoken by people moving to Vienna from many areas of Austria-Hungary during

322-653: The end of 2016 and Stefan Szirucsek became the new Bürgermeister (Mayor). His deputy is Helga Krismer from the Greens . City council (German: Gemeinderat ) consists of 41 seats: Central Bavarian Central or Middle Bavarian form a subgroup of Bavarian dialects in large parts of Austria and the German state of Bavaria along the Danube river, on the northern side of the Eastern Alps . They are spoken in

345-428: The entrance to the valley in the 12th century; the castle Rauhenstein was built on the opposite bank at the same time. The town received its legal privileges in 1480. Although repeatedly sacked by Hungarians and Turks , it soon flourished again each time. The town was largely destroyed by a fire in 1812 but was excellently rebuilt in a Biedermeier style according to plans by architect Joseph Kornhäusel , it

368-527: The finale (Ed. Nicola Samale , John A. Phillips, Benjamin-Gunnar Cohrs and Giuseppe Mazzuca) conducted by Robert Bachmann, as well as the first German performance of the finale fragment, edited by John A. Phillips, conducted and presented by Cohrs. The concert was attended by an estimated audience of 150 in a concert hall meant to hold 2000 (Tonhalle Düsseldorf), after members of the German Orchestral Union had falsely announced in public that

391-400: The municipality consists of cadastral areas Baden, Braiten, Gamingerhof, Leesdorf, Mitterberg, Rauhenstein, and Weikersdorf. In 2021, the town became part of the transnational UNESCO World Heritage Site under the name " Great Spa Towns of Europe " because of its famous medicinal springs and its architectural testimony to the international spa culture on the 18th and 19th centuries. Baden

414-467: The name of Aquae Cetiae or Thermae Pannonicae . Some ruins are still visible. The settlement was mentioned as Padun in a deed from AD 869. The nearby abbey of Heiligenkreuz 's Romanesque church was constructed in the 11th century; it subsequently served as the burial place for members of the Babenberg family. The castle Rauheneck was constructed on the right bank of the river at

437-646: The north-central part of town. These springs are caused by runoff from the Northern Limestone Alps and tectonic fissures within the Vienna Basin . The highest point in the area is the Iron Gate ( Eisernes Tor or Hoher Lindkogel ), whose 2,825 ft (861 m) can be ascended in about three hours. The celebrity of Baden dates back to the days of the Romans , who knew it by

460-466: The orchestra included Hunyadi László (1982) by von Einem for the orchestra's 25th anniversary, Clarinet Concerto (1986) by Giselher Klebe , and the Piano Concerto (1992) by Krzysztof Meyer . In 1976 the Philharmonia Hungarica recorded Jon Lord 's critically acclaimed 'Sarabande' album, an original collection of movements inspired by the baroque dance suites. From the orchestra's inception,

483-501: The orchestra's survival. After Rozsnyai, the chief conductors were Miltiades Caridis (1960–67), Alois Springer (1968–74), Reinhard Peters (1975–79), Uri Segal (1979–85), Gilbert Varga (1985–91) and finally George Alexander Albrecht . The beleaguered Philharmonia Hungarica finally disbanded after giving a farewell concert in Düsseldorf on 22 April 2001, featuring a performance of Anton Bruckner 's Symphony No. 9 including

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506-535: Was also spoken in Hungary and southern Bohemia and Moravia. It also influenced Austrian German . There are noticeable differences in the language within the group, but changes occur along a west-east dialect continuum on both sides of the historic border of the Bavarian stem duchy with the later Duchy of Austria . That means that the distinct languages of Vienna and Munich are very different from each other, but

529-654: Was widely reported as the first, although Ernst Märzendorfer had earlier recorded the complete Haydn symphonies with the Vienna Chamber Orchestra , although it was given a very limited release. Again using the St. Bonifatius Kirche as the recording venue, Doráti and the orchestra also recorded Kodály 's orchestral music in 1973. The orchestra made several concert tours, within Europe and in North America and appearing at music festivals. Premieres given by

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