Philippe Mora (born 1949) is a French Australian film director .
113-510: Mora was born in Paris , France in 1949, and grew up at the centre of the Australian arts scene of the 1950s and began making films with an 8mm camera his father gave him while he was still a child, and won art prizes as a teenager. He is the eldest son of artist Mirka Mora and her husband, restaurateur and gallery owner Georges Mora , a French Resistance fighter during World War II . After
226-719: A Proto-Celtic form reconstructed as * kwar-is-io -. Alternatively, Pierre-Yves Lambert proposed to translate Parisii as the 'spear people', by connecting the first element to the Old Irish carr ('spear'), derived from an earlier * kwar-sā . In any case, the city's name is not related to the Paris of Greek mythology . Residents of the city are known in English as Parisians and in French as Parisiens ( [paʁizjɛ̃] ). They are also pejoratively called Parigots ( [paʁiɡo] ). The Parisii ,
339-601: A "Call to Action" manifesto demanding the freeing of the German art market. His next show was in 1970 at the Sigi Krauss Gallery featuring a life-size sculpture of a sitting man, Pork Chop Ballad , a metaphor for the war in Vietnam. Mora's provocative and highly symbolic offal exhibit caused a stir. A brick was thrown through the gallery window, which led to it being featured on the cover of Time Out . Later, as
452-605: A A$ 8,500 loan from the Australian Film Corporation and private backers, Mad Dog Morgan was the first Australian movie to get a 40-cinema release in the United States and worldwide rights purchased for A$ 300,000 (worth nearly A$ 2 million in 2021). Though reviewer Michael Rowberry considered its "bid for realism has led the director to overdo the blood," and that the "simplistic morality of the film which ultimately robs it of depth," it went on to receive
565-530: A Dime? , a documentary about the 1930s Depression consisting of a series of film clips from newsreels and photographs, Hollywood films reflecting historical events, and those about making movies as well as outtakes , trailers , and home movies. It was screened at the Cannes Film Festival during 'Critics Week,' and at the 1975 Melbourne Film Festival , at which he announced that he had left Australia "because I wanted to get into films, and there
678-484: A Grey Afternoon (1965) was made as a silent movie but was screened with music by artist Asher Bilu . Shot on 8 mm and printed on 16 mm , the film features stop-motion animation of sculptures by the Russian-Australian sculptor and painter Danila Vassilieff , and includes rare footage of Sunday and John Reed . His next project, Man in a Film (1966), was a pastiche of Federico Fellini 's 8½ and
791-531: A bitter feud between Nolan and author Patrick White , which lasted until the end of their lives. White excoriated Nolan for abandoning his first wife Elizabeth (who was a close friend of his) and for remarrying (to Mary Perceval) so soon after Cynthia's death. At the time of announcement, Mora had cast Australian actor Clayton Watson ( The Matrix ) to play Nolan, with Americans Alec Baldwin as John Reed and Jennifer Jason Leigh as Sunday Reed. During pre-production, Mora discovered previously unseen home movies of
904-937: A brief stint in New York , the family emigrated to Australia in July 1951 when Philippe was two, settling in Melbourne , where the Moras founded the Melbourne eateries Mirka Café and Café Balzac. Two younger brothers were born in Australia: William Mora (b. 1953, an art dealer) and Tiriel Mora (b. 1958, an actor). In 1965 they opened the Tolarno Restaurant and Galleries in St Kilda . A self-confessed movie addict from childhood, Mora's cinema icons were
1017-529: A couple of Kee's designs for his first Chanel collection. Kee and Jackson collaborated with artists such as David McDiarmid and Peter Tully , who hand-painted fabrics for Jackson's dresses and provided jewellery to complement her outfits. Located in the Strand Arcade in Sydney's central business district, the boutique closed in 1995. In 2006, she published her autobiography and account of her life in
1130-538: A domestic setting: he's as rigid as a tightly rolled umbrella, as carefully wound up as a mechanical toy. Far from emphasizing the gap between the private and the public face, this intriguing if fact-starved film suggests that the two were ominously indistinguishable. When Swastika was being shown afresh three years later in Village Theatres throughout Australia, Barbara Alysen in the Sydney Tribune
1243-530: A fair amount of sunshine. Each year there are a few days when the temperature rises above 32 °C (90 °F). Longer periods of more intense heat sometimes occur, such as the heat wave of 2003 when temperatures exceeded 30 °C (86 °F) for weeks, reached 40 °C (104 °F) on some days, and rarely cooled down at night. Spring and autumn have, on average, mild days and cool nights, but are changing and unstable. Surprisingly warm or cool weather occurs frequently in both seasons. In winter, sunshine
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#17327873701821356-488: A grey male rat which he had bought from Harrods. When the rat turned out to be female and gave birth, he tried unsuccessfully to sell the babies as 'multiples' in a limited edition of eight. The rat show attracted the interest of German avant-garde artist Klaus Stacks, who commissioned Mora to produce an edition of a hundred screen prints of the mother rat. In February 1971, Joseph Beuys and Erwin Heerich invited him to sign
1469-720: A huge and emotional crowd down the Champs Élysées towards Notre Dame de Paris and made a rousing speech from the Hôtel de Ville . In the 1950s and the 1960s, Paris became one front of the Algerian War for independence; in August 1961, the pro-independence FLN targeted and killed 11 Paris policemen, leading to the imposition of a curfew on Muslims of Algeria (who, at that time, were French citizens). On 17 October 1961, an unauthorised but peaceful protest demonstration of Algerians against
1582-480: A little dull and not much more credible than your average ET substitute." Reviewing Mora's 1994 Art Deco Detective , Cass Hampton declared unambiguously that "straightforward it definitely is not," but concluded that "there's a lot to chew on, and may be indigestible, but it has appeal: quirky dialogue, classy black comedy and dry, understated acting. It might be somebody's cup of tea. Paris Paris ( French pronunciation: [paʁi] )
1695-408: A man with the considerate focus of an admiring camera which lends if not enchantment to the view, then a mundane humanity, just consider what Albert Speer, Hitler's former architect and Armaments Minister, writes in a preface to the film – that unless we view the monster in his human shape, we may not recognise other human beings as the monsters they could become today, or tomorrow. Susie Eisenhuth in
1808-427: A national fashion identity. They formed a partnership creating outfits including bright and colourful pure Australian wool knitted jumpers with fauna and flora emblems. Among them was a knitted koala jumper nicknamed "Blinky" that was owned by Diana, Princess of Wales , who wore it to a polo game at Windsor Castle in 1982. The waratah also featured strongly in her work. In October 1982, Karl Lagerfeld incorporated
1921-464: A nightclub. This residence inspired the name of his production company, Pheasantry Films. As "Von Mora", during this time he contributed cartoons influenced by Dada, comic strip art, Francis Bacon, and Vincent Van Gogh to Oz magazine and assisted co-editor Martin Sharp with its landmark "Magic Theatre" edition. In 2007, along with others associated with Oz including Germaine Greer , he was critical of
2034-754: A sci-fi version of The Treasure of the Sierra Madre . For television, Mora directed Mercenary II: Thick & Thin (1997), and the films Back in Business (1997), Snide and Prejudice (1998) and Burning Down the House (1998). In the early 2000s, with a A$ 25,000 'general development' fund from the Australian Film Commission, Mora began work on a still-unfinished film project titled When We Were Modern which in part touched on his own life and experience. The film's plot explores on
2147-653: A screen framed in gold leaf. Guy Brett compared his work in the Camden Arts Centre exhibition Narrative Painting in Britain in the Twentieth Century with that of David Hockney : The paintings of the young Australian Philippe Mora … create the opposite atmosphere to Hockney's. They suggest networks of Fear, Threat and Violence. Yet it is not possible to compare them, because Mora uses an apparently dry and cool, economical graphic style rather than
2260-431: A sense of humour enlivens its serious purpose, which is to present a story of greed, stupidity and avarice in easily recognisable Marxist terms ... rough and at times amateurish ... it is distinctly original without being pretentious." The Daily Telegraph picked up on Mora's statement that "it was a problem keeping the clichés yet trying to get a fresh reaction,' of which the journalist Eric Shorter concluded; "the problem
2373-784: A sub-tribe of the Celtic Senones , inhabited the Paris area from around the middle of the 3rd century BC. One of the area's major north–south trade routes crossed the Seine on the Île de la Cité , which gradually became an important trading centre. The Parisii traded with many river towns (some as far away as the Iberian Peninsula) and minted their own coins. The Romans conquered the Paris Basin in 52 BC and began their settlement on Paris's Left Bank . The Roman town
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#17327873701822486-406: A superb scrapbook of the lean, mean, laugh-or-you'll-cry '30s...Best of all, young writer-director Mora understands that the most interesting history is that which chronicles events both great and small." The un-named Tharunka reviewer considers that "It's a pity that Brother Can You Spare A Dime? has been given a glossy, nostalgic image when, in fact, it is a film of importance in understanding
2599-626: A two-hour compilation selected from 250 hours of captured Nazi documentaries, anti-Semitic propaganda, the Berlin Olympics including an interview with a polite Jesse Owens , and sequences from home movies made by Eva Braun discovered in the United States Marine and Signal Corps files in Washington by German-born University of London academic and specialist in German film, Lutz Becker, who pointed out that it included
2712-527: Is Montmartre at 130 m (427 ft). Excluding the outlying parks of Bois de Boulogne and Bois de Vincennes , Paris covers an oval measuring about 87 km (34 sq mi) in area, enclosed by the 35 km (22 mi) ring road, the Boulevard Périphérique . Paris' last major annexation of outlying territories in 1860 gave it its modern form, and created the 20 clockwise-spiralling arrondissements (municipal boroughs). From
2825-771: Is 450 km (280 mi) southeast of London, 287 km (178 mi) south of Calais , 305 km (190 mi) southwest of Brussels , 774 km (481 mi) north of Marseille , 385 km (239 mi) northeast of Nantes , and 135 km (84 mi) southeast of Rouen . Paris has an oceanic climate within the Köppen climate classification , typical of western Europe. This climate type features cool winters, with frequent rain and overcast skies, and mild to warm summers. Very hot and very cold temperatures and weather extremes are rare in this type of climate. Summer days are usually mild and pleasant, with average temperatures between 15 and 25 °C (59 and 77 °F), and
2938-567: Is an Australian fashion designer . Kee was born on 24 January 1947 in Bondi , New South Wales to a Chinese father and a sixth-generation Australian mother of Italian-English descent. Kee's great-grandparents had migrated from Guangdong , China, to Cooktown , Queensland during the 1870s gold rush. Kee attended East Sydney Technical College but did not complete her studies in fashion there. At age 18, she left Sydney for London. She started her career in fashion in modelling, at one time featuring as
3051-746: Is derived from its early inhabitants, the Parisii , a Gallic tribe from the Iron Age and the Roman period . The meaning of the Gaulish ethnonym remains debated. According to Xavier Delamarre , it may derive from the Celtic root pario- ('cauldron'). Alfred Holder interpreted the name as 'the makers' or 'the commanders', by comparing it to the Welsh peryff ('lord, commander'), both possibly descending from
3164-440: Is scarce. Days are cool, and nights are cold but generally above freezing, with low temperatures around 3 °C (37 °F). Light night frosts are quite common, but the temperature seldom dips below −5 °C (23 °F). Paris sometimes sees light snow or flurries with or without accumulation. Paris has an average annual precipitation of 641 mm (25.2 in), and experiences light rainfall distributed evenly throughout
3277-602: Is the capital and largest city of France . With an estimated population of 2,102,650 residents in January 2023 in an area of more than 105 km (41 sq mi), Paris is the fourth-largest city in the European Union and the 30th most densely populated city in the world in 2022. Since the 17th century, Paris has been one of the world's major centres of finance , diplomacy , commerce , culture , fashion , and gastronomy . Because of its leading role in
3390-487: The Australian Women's Weekly hailed Brother. Can You Spare a Dime? as a film that "manages to romp through the difficult task of presenting this unhappy time and checks out finally as a thoroughly absorbing and entertaining affair. With a breezy blend of documentary footage, much of it rare and all of it fascinating –and gems from the movie classics of the period (like Gold Diggers of 1933 ). Mora has assembled
3503-766: The Sydney Morning Herald Mora affirmed that the document, sent to the FBI on 19 October 1964, was genuine. Mora married Pamela Krause Mora, a producer and production designer who worked on a number of his films since the 1990s, and they have three children. In 1970, The Guardian 's Derek Malcolm reviewing Trouble in Molopolis then being shown at The Other Cinema's 'festival of British independents,' describes it as "a Brechtian fable directed by Philippe Mora and set to on-off Weill-like music by Tony Cahill and others. Good colour belies its cost (£6,000) and
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3616-566: The Australian Women's Weekly , in discussing Margaret Carnegie 's research into the bushranger subject of Mad Dog Morgan , describes the film's creators as "arguably the world's most exciting young film-makers, Philippe Mora and Jeremy Thomas ." While in Australia promoting the film, Mora gave a master class at Chiron College, which was an innovative senior secondary school in Sydney 1969–1976. Mad Dog Morgan won 'Best Direction' in
3729-619: The Champs-Élysées extended the city west to Étoile , while the working-class neighbourhood of the Faubourg Saint-Antoine on the eastern side of the city grew increasingly crowded with poor migrant workers from other regions of France. Paris was the centre of an explosion of philosophic and scientific activity, known as the Age of Enlightenment . Diderot and D'Alembert published their Encyclopédie in 1751, before
3842-825: The College of Sorbonne , and a palace for himself, the Palais-Cardinal . After Richelieu's death in 1642, it was renamed the Palais-Royal . Due to the Parisian uprisings during the Fronde civil war, Louis XIV moved his court to a new palace, Versailles , in 1682. Although no longer the capital of France, arts and sciences in the city flourished with the Comédie-Française , the Academy of Painting, and
3955-663: The European Space Agency , the European Banking Authority and the European Securities and Markets Authority . The football club Paris Saint-Germain and the rugby union club Stade Français are based in Paris. The 81,000-seat Stade de France , built for the 1998 FIFA World Cup , is located just north of Paris in the neighbouring commune of Saint-Denis . Paris hosts the annual French Open Grand Slam tennis tournament on
4068-738: The French Academy of Sciences . To demonstrate that the city was safe from attack, the king had the city walls demolished and replaced with tree-lined boulevards that would become the Grands Boulevards . Other marks of his reign were the Collège des Quatre-Nations , the Place Vendôme , the Place des Victoires , and Les Invalides . Paris grew in population from about 400,000 in 1640 to 650,000 in 1780. A new boulevard named
4181-665: The Grand Paris project, to integrate Paris more closely with the towns in the region around it. After many modifications, the new area, named the Metropolis of Grand Paris , with a population of 6.7 million, was created on 1 January 2016. In 2011, the City of Paris and the national government approved the plans for the Grand Paris Express , totalling 205 km (127 mi) of automated metro lines to connect Paris,
4294-718: The Marx Brothers , Jean Cocteau 's surrealist films, Alfred Hitchcock , Buster Keaton (as director) and Ernst Lubitsch 's early films, as reflected in his first home movies. Back Alley , now preserved at the National Film & Sound Archive , was made in 1964 when he was 15. This was a parody of West Side Story filmed in Flinders Lane , Melbourne just behind his mother's studio at 9 Collins Street . The film features Mora, his brother William, and friends Peter Beilby and Sweeney Reed. His next film, Dreams in
4407-641: The Melbourne Comedy Festival in 1991, and the political drama Death of a Soldier , starring James Coburn , which was based on the infamous Melbourne wartime Eddie Leonski murder case. While in Australia to make the latter, Mora conducted a seminar in June 1985 at the Australian Screen Directors Association. Mora's next film used the plot of the book Communion , by his old friend from his London days in
4520-493: The Montgolfier Brothers launched the first manned flight in a hot air balloon on 21 November 1783. Paris was the financial capital of continental Europe, as well the primary European centre for book publishing, fashion and the manufacture of fine furniture and luxury goods. On 22 October 1797, Paris was also the site of the first parachute jump in history, by Garnerin . In the summer of 1789, Paris became
4633-532: The Paris Commune held power for two months, before being harshly suppressed by the French army during the " Bloody Week " at the end of May 1871. In the late 19th century, Paris hosted two major international expositions: the 1889 Universal Exposition , which featured the new Eiffel Tower, was held to mark the centennial of the French Revolution; and the 1900 Universal Exposition gave Paris
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4746-788: The Paris Pullman Cinema in Chelsea, as an Oz benefit. Introduced by George Melly , star John Ivor Golding also made a memorable appearance at the premiere, defecating in the front row and then passing out in an alcoholic coma. Shown in May 1970 at the Festival of British independent Films in London, it was eventually screened in Australia at the Adelaide Film Festival in 1980. At age 23, Mora directed Swastika ,
4859-599: The Pont Alexandre III , the Grand Palais , the Petit Palais and the first Paris Métro line. Paris became the laboratory of Naturalism ( Émile Zola ) and Symbolism ( Charles Baudelaire and Paul Verlaine ), and of Impressionism in art ( Courbet , Manet , Monet , Renoir ). By 1901, the population of Paris had grown to about 2,715,000. At the beginning of the century, artists from around
4972-402: The Pont des Arts . During the Restoration , the bridges and squares of Paris were returned to their pre-Revolution names; the July Revolution in 1830 (commemorated by the July Column on the Place de la Bastille ) brought to power a constitutional monarch, Louis Philippe I . The first railway line to Paris opened in 1837, beginning a new period of massive migration from the provinces to
5085-442: The Seine in the city centre has been classified as a UNESCO World Heritage Site since 1991. Paris is home to several United Nations organizations including UNESCO, as well as other international organizations such as the OECD , the OECD Development Centre , the International Bureau of Weights and Measures , the International Energy Agency , the International Federation for Human Rights , along with European bodies such as
5198-402: The Siege of Paris (885–886) , for which the then Count of Paris ( comte de Paris ), Odo of France , was elected king of West Francia . From the Capetian dynasty that began with the 987 election of Hugh Capet , Count of Paris and Duke of the Franks ( duc des Francs ), as king of a unified West Francia, Paris gradually became the largest and most prosperous city in France. By the end of
5311-421: The Vietnam War by depicting a woman (played by Zara Bowman) being repeatedly kicked and beaten in the gutter of a busy street while onlookers do nothing. In late 1967, when he had finished school, Mora travelled to England. He was invited, with his partner Freya Matthews , by Australian artist Martin Sharp into " The Pheasantry ", a historic building in King's Road , Chelsea, London which housed studios and
5424-454: The arts and sciences and its early adaptation of extensive street lighting, it became known as the City of Light in the 19th century. The City of Paris is the centre of the Île-de-France region , or Paris Region, with an official estimated population of 12,271,794 inhabitants in January 2023, or about 19% of the population of France. The Paris Region had a nominal GDP of €765 billion (US$ 1.064 trillion when adjusted for PPP ) in 2021,
5537-416: The Île Saint-Louis and the larger Île de la Cité , which form the oldest part of Paris. The river's mouth on the English Channel ( La Manche ) is about 233 mi (375 km) downstream from Paris. Paris is spread widely on both banks of the river. Overall, Paris is relatively flat, and the lowest point is 35 m (115 ft) above sea level . Paris has several prominent hills, the highest of which
5650-450: The 12th century, Paris had become the political, economic, religious, and cultural capital of France. The Palais de la Cité , the royal residence, was located at the western end of the Île de la Cité. In 1163, during the reign of Louis VII , Maurice de Sully , bishop of Paris, undertook the construction of the Notre Dame Cathedral at its eastern extremity. After the marshland between the river Seine and its slower 'dead arm' to its north
5763-452: The 1860 area of 78 km (30 sq mi), the city limits were expanded marginally to 86.9 km (33.6 sq mi) in the 1920s. In 1929, the Bois de Boulogne and Bois de Vincennes forest parks were annexed to the city, bringing its area to about 105 km (41 sq mi). The metropolitan area is 2,300 km (890 sq mi). Measured from the 'point zero' in front of its Notre-Dame cathedral , Paris by road
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#17327873701825876-619: The 1977 Australian Film Institute awards alongside other celebrated Australian features; Bruce Beresford's Don's Party and Henri Safran's Storm Boy. Filmnews in 1976 offered the perspective that; Philippe Mora's films have always been concerned with insanity...the individual insanity commonly referred to as madness, or the conditioned insanity which is that apparent state of normality termed civilized behaviour. In this context Mora's three major works, Swastika , Brother Can You Spare Dime and Mad Dog have defined three aspects of insanity so concisely that they may be regarded as testaments for
5989-408: The 70s. During its 1990 showing in the UK Christopher Tookey panned Communion (1989) in the Sunday Telegraph as 'unquestionably a pain in the arse,' and calls Mora's direction 'banal,' while The Daily Telegraph rated it 'awkward and unconvincing,' Derek Malcolm considered the film hampered by audiences low expectations of the genre; and despite its "high seriousness," "we get something more than
6102-416: The Devil. Mora began painting as soon as he arrived in London, and his first London exhibitions "Anti-Social Realism" and "Vomart," were held, at her invitation, in 1968 and 1969 at the Kings Road gallery of Clytie Jessop , and garnered excellent reviews., though the first, in the Daily Mail announcing that he used a special paint formula that kills flies, was evidently a satire written by the artist. Jessop
6215-444: The Frank , the first king of the Merovingian dynasty , made the city his capital from 508. As the Frankish domination of Gaul began, there was a gradual immigration by the Franks to Paris and the Parisian Francien dialects were born. Fortification of the Île de la Cité failed to avert sacking by Vikings in 845 , but Paris's strategic importance—with its bridges preventing ships from passing—was established by successful defence in
6328-449: The French police and gendarmes arrested 12,884 Jews, including 4,115 children, and confined them during five days at the Vel d'Hiv ( Vélodrome d'Hiver ), from which they were transported by train to the extermination camp at Auschwitz . None of the children came back. On 25 August 1944, the city was liberated by the French 2nd Armoured Division and the 4th Infantry Division of the United States Army . General Charles de Gaulle led
6441-425: The Heide circle, including the only films of Joy Hester and the Mirka Café. When We Were Modern was to have been dedicated to Sweeney Reed, who committed suicide in March 1979, aged 34. Sweeney was to have featured prominently as a character, and as a tribute to him, Mora reportedly planned to include some of the footage from Back Alley under the closing credits. Mora labored on the project for several years but it
6554-476: The John Ford Award at the Cannes Film Festival in 1976 as part of US Bicentennial celebrations, and in 1977 Mora was nominated by the Australian Film Institute for 'Best Director' for the film. In early 1980, Mora and Ron Mallory took an option on Errol Flynn : The Untold Story by Charles Higham , raising hopes of an Australian film being produced in Hollywood, but abandoned after controversy over Higham's research; members of Flynn's family unsuccessfully sued
6667-411: The Place Royale, now Place des Vosges . In spite of Henry IV's efforts to improve city circulation, the narrowness of Paris's streets was a contributing factor in his assassination near Les Halles marketplace in 1610. During the 17th century, Cardinal Richelieu , chief minister of Louis XIII , was determined to make Paris the most beautiful city in Europe. He built five new bridges, a new chapel for
6780-429: The Revolution, but after 1799 it surged with 160,000 new residents, reaching 660,000 by 1815. Napoleon replaced the elected government of Paris with a prefect that reported directly to him. He began erecting monuments to military glory, including the Arc de Triomphe , and improved the neglected infrastructure of the city with new fountains, the Canal de l'Ourcq , Père Lachaise Cemetery and the city's first metal bridge,
6893-426: The Swinging London scene, titled A Big Life . In May 2012, she launched her first solo show in more than three decades at the Mercedes-Benz Fashion Week Australia. In 2013, Kee was awarded the Australian Fashion Laureate. In 2015, she partnered with Woolmark to launch an Australian merino capsule collection inspired by her past designs, including the jumper worn by Princess Diana. In March 2016, Kee's work with Jackson
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#17327873701827006-564: The Tuileries Palace. In 1793, as the revolution turned increasingly radical, the king, queen and mayor were beheaded by guillotine in the Reign of Terror , along with more than 16,000 others throughout France. The property of the aristocracy and the church was nationalised , and the city's churches were closed, sold or demolished. A succession of revolutionary factions ruled Paris until 9 November 1799 ( coup d'état du 18 brumaire ), when Napoleon Bonaparte seized power as First Consul. The population of Paris had dropped by 100,000 during
7119-427: The art critic Robert Hughes . Danton Hughes died by suicide in their Blackheath home in 2001. Kee and her daughter Grace are survivors of the Granville rail disaster . In the 1980s, Kee became acquainted with Tibetan Buddhism ; in a 2016 interview with ABC News , she described the Bardo Thodol as her Bible. Kee features in a memoir by Richard Neville , editor of the Australian satirical magazine Oz , and
7232-550: The author and the book's publisher for libel. After making The Beast Within , his first film in America, Mora's next project on one of his periodic returns to Australia in 1981, was the parodic superhero musical, The Return of Captain Invincible , released in Hoyts cinemas for Christmas 1982 by Seven Keys, and starring Alan Arkin , Christopher Lee , Kate Fitzpatrick and an all-star Australian cast, with songs by The Rocky Horror Show creator Richard O'Brien . When Mora fell out with producer Andrew Gaty following Gaty re-cutting
7345-468: The camera," which makes "the ruling caste come out of Eva's films looking embarrassingly puny and unassertive, [...] unconscious inferiority [being] nazism's driving force." Derek Malcolm compares Hitler : The Last Ten Days starring Alec Guinness unfavourably against Mora's "unforgettable documentary" revealing "the real thing," and Alexander Walker writing in The Evening Standard remarks that; If you think it morally objectionable to treat such
7458-405: The capital of France, was the most populous city of Europe. By comparison, London in 1300 had 80,000 inhabitants. By the early fourteenth century, so much filth had collected inside urban Europe that French and Italian cities were naming streets after human waste. In medieval Paris, several street names were inspired by merde , the French word for "shit". During the Hundred Years' War , Paris
7571-454: The centre stage of the French Revolution . On 14 July, a mob seized the arsenal at the Invalides , acquiring thousands of guns, with which it stormed the Bastille , a principal symbol of royal authority. The first independent Paris Commune , or city council, met in the Hôtel de Ville and elected a Mayor , the astronomer Jean Sylvain Bailly , on 15 July. Louis XVI and the royal family were brought to Paris and incarcerated in
7684-403: The city's subway system, the Paris Métro , serves 5.23 million passengers daily. It is the second-busiest metro system in Europe after the Moscow Metro . Gare du Nord is the 24th-busiest railway station in the world and the busiest outside Japan , with 262 million passengers in 2015. Paris has one of the most sustainable transportation systems and is one of only two cities in
7797-435: The city. In 1848, Louis-Philippe was overthrown by a popular uprising in the streets of Paris. His successor, Napoleon III , alongside the newly appointed prefect of the Seine, Georges-Eugène Haussmann , launched a huge public works project to build wide new boulevards, a new opera house, a central market, new aqueducts, sewers and parks, including the Bois de Boulogne and Bois de Vincennes . In 1860, Napoleon III annexed
7910-402: The curfew led to violent confrontations between the police and demonstrators, in which at least 40 people were killed. The anti-independence Organisation armée secrète (OAS) carried out a series of bombings in Paris throughout 1961 and 1962. In May 1968, protesting students occupied the Sorbonne and put up barricades in the Latin Quarter . Thousands of Parisian blue-collar workers joined
8023-405: The documentary's 'astonishing comprehensiveness' and emotional impact' More ambivalent about melodramatic moments in Mad Dog Morgan in which "Mora loses control," Hall found it overall "a film that works hard and for the most part, effectively as a reminder of what is remarkable in Australian history." Though, according to Filmnews , it opened to "damaging" reviews in New York, Kay Keavney of
8136-574: The face of Canadian Pacific Air Lines advertisements. In 1965, Kee moved to London and became involved in the Swinging London and underground scene, where she sold second-hand clothing to hippies at the Chelsea Antique Market for Vern Lambert. In 1972 she returned to Australia, and in 1973 opened a fashion boutique, Flamingo Park. and started collaborating with fashion and textile designer Linda Jackson to create
8249-467: The film, the Department of Home Affairs pulled its certification as an Australian film asserting that it was then a different film, prompting a February 1983 court case, which was still not settled in July. Mora's next productions were A Breed Apart with Rutger Hauer and Kathleen Turner , the werewolf horror films Howling II: Your Sister Is a Werewolf and Howling III , the latter shown at
8362-550: The first Bishop of Paris: according to legend, when he refused to renounce his faith before the Roman occupiers, he was beheaded on the hill which became known as Mons Martyrum (Latin "Hill of Martyrs"), later " Montmartre ", from where he walked headless to the north of the city; the place where he fell and was buried became an important religious shrine, the Basilica of Saint-Denis , and many French kings are buried there. Clovis
8475-674: The first piece of film ever to show Hitler, in Munich in 1919, and colour film of the Storm Troopers ' victory parade in Berlin, 1933, remarking that "Even the Nazis didn't know about the 1919 piece of film with Hitler in it." In the same year Mora became editor and American correspondent of the newly launched Cinema Papers alongside Peter Beilby and Scott Murray . In 1975 and newly married, Mora wrote and directed, Brother, Can You Spare
8588-682: The first socialist mayor. He was re-elected in March 2008. In 2007, in an effort to reduce car traffic, he introduced the Vélib' , a system which rents bicycles. Bertrand Delanoë also transformed a section of the highway along the Left Bank of the Seine into an urban promenade and park, the Promenade des Berges de la Seine , which he inaugurated in June 2013. In 2007, President Nicolas Sarkozy launched
8701-415: The florid impressionism one might expect… Where Hockney avoids any kind of moral judgement, Mora's pantings are thoroughly moralistic… He has an effective way of re-interpreting borrowed imagery… with his thin bleak line and his grasp of grotesque imagery. Mora does create a strong atmosphere. Trouble in Molopolis (1970), Mora's first feature-length film (the title a homage to Fritz Lang 's Metropolis ),
8814-622: The forces which manipulate societies without regard to any integrity of the individual." Sandra Hall in The Bulletin declared it "a documentary meticulously constructed to give the flavor of a country and a period through its ceremonies, its personalities, its news stories and its culture," while English critic Alan Stanbrook regarded its view of the Depression "oversimplified." In its subject country, America itself, Kevin Thomas praised
8927-565: The front line at the First Battle of the Marne . The city was also bombed by Zeppelins and shelled by German long-range guns . In the years after the war, known as Les Années Folles , Paris continued to be a mecca for writers, musicians and artists from around the world, including Ernest Hemingway , Igor Stravinsky , James Joyce , Josephine Baker , Eva Kotchever , Henry Miller , Anaïs Nin , Sidney Bechet and Salvador Dalí . In
9040-616: The highest in the European Union. According to the Economist Intelligence Unit Worldwide Cost of Living Survey, in 2022, Paris was the city with the ninth-highest cost of living in the world. Paris is a major railway, highway, and air-transport hub served by two international airports: Charles de Gaulle Airport , the third-busiest airport in Europe , and Orly Airport . Opened in 1900,
9153-481: The innermost three departments around Paris, airports and high-speed rail (TGV) stations, at an estimated cost of €35 billion. The system is scheduled to be completed by 2030. In January 2015, Al-Qaeda in the Arabian Peninsula claimed attacks across the Paris region. 1.5 million people marched in Paris in a show of solidarity against terrorism and in support of freedom of speech. In November of
9266-622: The late 12th century, Philip Augustus extended the Louvre fortress to defend the city against river invasions from the west, gave the city its first walls between 1190 and 1215, rebuilt its bridges to either side of its central island, and paved its main thoroughfares. In 1190, he transformed Paris's former cathedral school into a student-teacher corporation that would become the University of Paris and would draw students from all of Europe. With 200,000 inhabitants in 1328, Paris, then already
9379-543: The late 1960s, artist, author and broadcaster Whitley Strieber . Released in 1989, and to video, the film starred Christopher Walken and was based on Strieber's own alleged encounters with aliens. Film credits as director as well as occasional writer and actor during the 1990s included the horror spoof Pterodactyl Woman from Beverly Hills (1994) with Beverly D'Angelo , Barry Humphries (in three roles), Moon Unit Zappa and Philippe's children Georges and Madeleine; Art Deco Detective (1994); and Precious Find (1996),
9492-646: The modern city of Paris was first mentioned in the mid-1st century BC by Julius Caesar as Luteciam Parisiorum (' Lutetia of the Parisii ') and is later attested as Parision in the 5th century AD, then as Paris in 1265. During the Roman period, it was commonly known as Lutetia or Lutecia in Latin, and as Leukotekía in Greek, which is interpreted as either stemming from the Celtic root *lukot- ('mouse'), or from * luto- ('marsh, swamp'). The name Paris
9605-732: The new site of the Bibliothèque nationale de France (1996), the Arche de la Défense (1985–1989) in La Défense , as well as the Louvre Pyramid with its underground courtyard (1983–1989); Jacques Chirac (2006), the Musée du quai Branly . In the early 21st century, the population of Paris began to increase slowly again, as more young people moved into the city. It reached 2.25 million in 2011. In March 2001, Bertrand Delanoë became
9718-517: The piece began to putrify, the police were called after Princess Margaret , dining at the restaurant across the street, complained about the stench. Detectives from Scotland Yard descended on the gallery and demanded that the sculpture be removed, but gallery owner Krauss refused. The police claimed it was a health hazard and forced him to move it into the garden, where it gradually rotted away. At later Krauss group exhibition Mora also screened his 8 mm 'film painting' Passion Play back-projected onto
9831-544: The red clay of Roland Garros . Paris hosted the 1900 , the 1924 , and the 2024 Summer Olympics . The 1938 and 1998 FIFA World Cups , the 2019 FIFA Women's World Cup , the 2007 Rugby World Cup , as well as the 1960 , 1984 and 2016 UEFA European Championships were held in Paris. Every July, the Tour de France bicycle race finishes on the Avenue des Champs-Élysées in Paris. The ancient oppidum that corresponds to
9944-478: The role as a voice actor. Interviewed for the report, Mora commented: "Personally I loved John and Sunday, and Sweeney Reed, their adopted son, was my best friend as a kid. My parents helped John and Sunday set up the Museum of Modern Art of Australia . This Nolan-Reed ménage is an important story that must be told honestly, no holds barred. It's a great Australian epic of love and modernism. We are using puppets done in
10057-580: The same year, terrorist attacks , claimed by ISIL, killed 130 people and injured more than 350. On 22 April 2016, the Paris Agreement was signed by 196 nations of the United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change in an aim to limit the effects of climate change below 2 °C. Paris is located in northern central France, in a north-bending arc of the river Seine , whose crest includes two islands,
10170-552: The sensationalist depiction of the era in the movie Hippie Hippie Shake , but recalled in 2008 that; "most of my creative roots are in London. This is where I took off, crashed and burned and took off again. Paraphrasing Brendan Behan , on occasion, like many artists, I was a drinker with a painting problem." He also made his next short film, Passion Play , shot in the Pheasantry ca. 1967-1968 and featuring Jenny Kee as Mary Magdalene, Michael Ramsden as Jesus, and Mora himself as
10283-649: The students, and the movement grew into a two-week general strike. Supporters of the government won the June elections by a large majority. The May 1968 events in France resulted in the break-up of the University of Paris into 13 independent campuses. In 1975, the National Assembly changed the status of Paris to that of other French cities and, on 25 March 1977, Jacques Chirac became the first elected mayor of Paris since 1793. The Tour Maine-Montparnasse ,
10396-506: The style of the painters involved." In 2007, Mora obtained FBI files released under freedom of information laws. In them, he uncovered evidence of an elaborate plot by Robert Kennedy to trick Marilyn Monroe into suicide; the detailed three-page implicated her psychiatrist, publicist and housekeeper as well as her friend, the British-born Hollywood actor Peter Lawford , who was married to Kennedy's sister, Patricia . In
10509-606: The surrounding towns and created eight new arrondissements, expanding Paris to its current limits. During the Franco-Prussian War (1870–1871), Paris was besieged by the Prussian Army . Following several months of blockade, hunger, and then bombardment by the Prussians, the city was forced to surrender on 28 January 1871. After seizing power in Paris on 28 March, a revolutionary government known as
10622-463: The tallest building in the city at 57 storeys and 210 m (689 ft) high, was built between 1969 and 1973. It was highly controversial, and it remains the only building in the centre of the city over 32 storeys high. The population of Paris dropped from 2,850,000 in 1954 to 2,152,000 in 1990, as middle-class families moved to the suburbs. A suburban railway network, the RER (Réseau Express Régional),
10735-709: The tangled relationships of the Heide inner circle – Sidney Nolan, Joy Hester, Albert Tucker and John and Sunday Reed. In the 1940s, after deserting from the army, Nolan took refuge at the Reed's famous house "Heide", and it was here that he made the first paintings in his now world-famous Ned Kelly series. During this time, Nolan also conducted an open affair with Sunday Reed, but she refused to leave her husband and marry Nolan, so he subsequently married John's Reed's sister, Cynthia Hansen instead. The marriage eventually broke up, and when Cynthia committed suicide in 1976, her death sparked
10848-542: The throne Henry IV , after converting to Catholicism to gain entry to the capital, entered the city in 1594 to claim the crown of France. This king made several improvements to the capital during his reign: he completed the construction of Paris's first uncovered, sidewalk-lined bridge, the Pont Neuf , built a Louvre extension connecting it to the Tuileries Palace , and created the first Paris residential square,
10961-495: The world including Pablo Picasso , Modigliani , and Henri Matisse made Paris their home. It was the birthplace of Fauvism , Cubism and abstract art , and authors such as Marcel Proust were exploring new approaches to literature. During the First World War , Paris sometimes found itself on the front line; 600 to 1,000 Paris taxis played a small but highly important symbolic role in transporting 6,000 soldiers to
11074-671: The world that received the Sustainable Transport Award twice. Paris is known for its museums and architectural landmarks: the Louvre received 8.9 million visitors in 2023, on track for keeping its position as the most-visited art museum in the world. The Musée d'Orsay , Musée Marmottan Monet and Musée de l'Orangerie are noted for their collections of French Impressionist art. The Pompidou Centre , Musée National d'Art Moderne , Musée Rodin and Musée Picasso are noted for their collections of modern and contemporary art . The historical district along
11187-401: The year. Paris is known for intermittent, abrupt, heavy showers. The highest recorded temperature was 42.6 °C (108.7 °F), on 25 July 2019. The lowest was −23.9 °C (−11.0 °F), on 10 December 1879. For almost all of its long history, except for a few brief periods, Paris was governed directly by representatives of the king, emperor, or president of France. In 1974, Paris
11300-423: The years after the peace conference , the city was also home to growing numbers of students and activists from French colonies and other Asian and African countries, who later became leaders of their countries, such as Ho Chi Minh , Zhou Enlai and Léopold Sédar Senghor . On 14 June 1940, the German army marched into Paris, which had been declared an " open city ". On 16–17 July 1942, following German orders,
11413-615: Was also influenced by his recent viewing of The Beatles ' A Hard Day's Night . Like its predecessor, it was made as a silent film, shot on 8mm and blown up to 16mm, and again screened with music by Asher Bilu. Man in a Film starred Sweeney Reed and premiered at the Tolarno Galleries in early 1967. Give It Up (1967), shot in Fitzroy Street, Melbourne , again featured Reed, with Don Watson and Philippe's younger brother Tiriel. The film symbolised Australian response to
11526-737: Was built to complement the Métro; the Périphérique expressway encircling the city, was completed in 1973. Most of the postwar presidents of the Fifth Republic wanted to leave their own monuments in Paris; President Georges Pompidou started the Centre Georges Pompidou (1977), Valéry Giscard d'Estaing began the Musée d'Orsay (1986); President François Mitterrand had the Opéra Bastille built (1985–1989),
11639-525: Was filled in from around the 10th century, Paris's cultural centre began to move to the Right Bank. In 1137, a new city marketplace (today's Les Halles ) replaced the two smaller ones on the Île de la Cité and Place de Grève (Place de l'Hôtel de Ville) . The latter location housed the headquarters of Paris's river trade corporation, an organisation that later became, unofficially (although formally in later years), Paris's first municipal government. In
11752-469: Was financed by the partnership of Arthur Boyd and Eric Clapton . Shot in Robert Hughes ' apartment and at the Pheasantry, the film features Germaine Greer as a cabaret singer, Jenny Kee as 'Shanghai Lil', Laurence Hope as a gangster, Martin Sharp as a mime and Richard Neville as a PR man. Tony Cahill from The Easybeats collaborated with Jamie Boyd for the score before the film premiered at
11865-460: Was granted municipal autonomy by the National Assembly. The first modern elected mayor of Paris was Jacques Chirac , elected March 1977, becoming the city's first mayor since 1871 and only the fourth since 1794. The current mayor is Anne Hidalgo , a socialist , first elected in April 2014 , and re-elected in June 2020 . Jenny Kee Jenny Margaret Kee , AO (born 24 January 1947)
11978-445: Was less reactive, acknowledging the controversy because "we are accustomed to having documentaries tell us what to think and [...] Hitler without comment is probably still a little too ambiguous," but pointing out that though it "shows Hitler, Goering, Goebbels et al. sunbathing, playing with children and dogs, and relaxing rather than orating and inciting," the film reveals Hitler as "a rather anaemic actor, shy and ill-at-ease in front of
12091-528: Was no industry here." In 1976, after eight years working in London and New York, Mora's first feature film was Mad Dog Morgan , about the bushranger Daniel Morgan , which he also wrote and directed, explaining to Rita Erlich that while he was moving away from the documentary, in all films "one is telling a story, just using different means. Film is a narrative art." Starring Dennis Hopper , Jack Thompson , David Gulpilil , Bill Hunter and Frank Thring , produced by David Puttnam with A$ 175,666 investment and
12204-509: Was not solved." Though it was the official British entry at the Cannes Film Festival , Australian critic Pamela Ruskin excoriated Swastika in her review for lacking context, and thus 'whitewashing' Hitler. Micheal Billington in The Illustrated London News Obersalzburg considered a strength was its revealing "Hitler's manifest impatience when anyone else is talking and his inability to relax even in
12317-618: Was occupied by England-friendly Burgundian forces from 1418, before being occupied outright by the English when Henry V of England entered the French capital in 1420; in spite of a 1429 effort by Joan of Arc to liberate the city, it would remain under English occupation until 1436. In the late 16th-century French Wars of Religion , Paris was a stronghold of the Catholic League , the organisers of 24 August 1572 St. Bartholomew's Day massacre in which thousands of French Protestants were killed. The conflicts ended when pretender to
12430-556: Was originally called Lutetia (more fully, Lutetia Parisiorum , "Lutetia of the Parisii", modern French Lutèce ). It became a prosperous city with a forum, baths, temples, theatres, and an amphitheatre . By the end of the Western Roman Empire , the town was known as Parisius , a Latin name that would later become Paris in French. Christianity was introduced in the middle of the 3rd century AD by Saint Denis ,
12543-486: Was rejected by Australian film funding bodies. Since then, Mora has worked on several other features and documentaries, but in May 2012, Deadline Hollywood reported that he was returning to the film, intended then to be an animated feature using a combination of hand puppets, stop motion and conventional animation, with the last act in 3D, supervised by 3D cinematographer Dave Gregory. The report also indicates that Clayton Watson will still portray Nolan, but will now perform
12656-570: Was showcased in the National Gallery of Victoria's exhibition on "200 Years of Australian Fashion". In 2018, Kee was appointed an Officer of the Order of Australia (AO). In 2019 the combined works of Jenny Kee and Linda Jackson were displayed at The Powerhouse Museum in Sydney, NSW. In 1977, Kee married Australian artist Michael Ramsden; they divorced after 21 years. She was also in a long-term relationship with artist Danton Hughes, son of
12769-550: Was sister of Hermia Boyd (Hermia Lloyd-Jones), wife of noted ceramicist David Boyd and a well-known actress and director who played the sinister Miss Jessell in Jack Clayton 's classic supernatural thriller The Innocents (1961), and later directed the film Emma's War (1988) starring Lee Remick and a young Miranda Otto . Mora also held a show at the Sigi Krauss Gallery where Martin Sharp also exhibited, featuring pictures painted in black and white. The show also included
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