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93-449: Phoenix Racing is the name of: Phoenix Racing (NASCAR team) (established in 1990), defunct American racing team Phoenix Racing (German racing team) (established in 1999), German racing team Topics referred to by the same term [REDACTED] This disambiguation page lists articles associated with the title Phoenix Racing . If an internal link led you here, you may wish to change

186-400: A Camping World truck driven by Kyle Busch , and a Nationwide car driven by Mike Bliss . The Miccosukee relationship with NASCAR dates to 2002, and it ended prior to the start of the 2010 season. The Miccosukee Indian Village Museum opened in 1983. The museum offers to its visitors a variety of artistic expressions such as native paintings, hand crafts, and photographs. Additionally, it

279-574: A U.S. territory in 1821, and the American government soon increased pressure for removal against all Indians living in Florida. This was the period of numerous treaties between the U.S. and various bands of Indians living in Florida as white settlers increasingly pushed for more available land, and the government in Washington, D.C. sought to support those who wished to take advantage of settling

372-407: A matrilineal system of kinship and inheritance. Children are considered to be born into their mother's clan , from which they gain their status in the tribe. In this system, the mother's older brother is highly important to her children, more than the biological father, especially for boys. The uncle is the one who introduces the boys to the men's groups of the clan and tribe. The Miccosukees have

465-469: A 2nd-place finish at South Boston Speedway . Sterling Marlin, Ernie Irvan , and Ron Fellows filled in for Shaw when he could not run. Kevin Lepage then drove two races near the end of the season, before Purvis returned to drive the last race of the year. In 1998 , Purvis was again named full-time driver, with Lance Snacks sponsoring. Purvis made 26 starts, missing one race due to injury, during which he

558-623: A cattle grazing lease, and nearly 55,000 acres (223 square kilometers) of wetlands. The Miccosukee Tribe provides use permits for non-Natives to use some of the wetlands for hunting camps. The tribe also controls about 200,000 acres (810 square kilometers) of wetlands, most under a perpetual lease made in 1983 with the State of Florida and located in the South Florida Water Management District 's Water Conservation Area 3A South. Miccosukees may use "this land for

651-461: A comeback at the track in one of the film's final scene. Busch's best finish with the team was an impressive 3rd-place finish at Sonoma Raceway after racing for the lead with Clint Bowyer with under ten laps to go. Outside of that high point, Busch was involved in many accidents trying to get the most out of his equipment. He was also suspended for the June race at Pocono after expletives aimed at

744-640: A company from the team's hometown of Spartanburg, South Carolina , as the sponsor for the Daytona 500 and two other early season races. Regan Smith drove the car in the 500 to a strong seventh-place finish, and would run five other races that season with a best finish of sixth. Allmendinger ran 9 races, including running the retro Country Time scheme Phoenix had run in the past, with three top 15 finishes all in his first four starts. Austin Dillon ran four races, and Ryan Truex made his series debut at Bristol in

837-604: A constitution and corporate charter to organize a government; they achieved federal recognition in 1957. The land claims and termination controversies heightened the distinction for the Miccosukee living near the Tamiami Trail. Unable to gain similar federal recognition of their own right to sovereignty, a group of Miccosukees, led by the young councilmember Buffalo Tiger ( Heenehatche ), visited Cuba in July 1959 during

930-645: A gas station and service plaza on the Alligator Alley Reservation located on I-75, with a gas station casino of 8,500 square feet and 150 slot machines scheduled to open in November 2023. Past Miccosukee business interests have included sports sponsorship, extended to several teams in NASCAR , primarily Phoenix Racing and Billy Ballew Motorsports . These include the 2009 Aaron's 499 winning Sprint Cup Series car driven by Brad Keselowski ,

1023-911: A gift shop, general store, service station, and the Miccosukee Indian Village Museum on the Tamiami Trail Reservation along U.S. 41. In addition to the Miccosukee Resort & Gaming hotel in Miami-Dade county , now known as the Miccosukee Casino & Resort, at the northwest corner of U.S. 41 and Krome Avenue, the Miccosukee Tribe also operates the Tobacco Shop on the southwest corner. The tribe owns and operates

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1116-520: A group of Native Americans in Florida known as the "Alatchaway" (Alachua), a Muscogee-speaking group led by Cowkeeper ( Ahaya ) that was a precursor of the modern Florida Seminoles, rejected a meeting between the British and the Creeks at Picolata, the site of a Spanish fort about 13 miles west of St. Augustine in northeastern Florida. Cowkeeper and his band of Indians negotiated their own agreement with

1209-607: A pretext of retaliation for Indian raids against settlers in Georgia. The true reasons for invasion included pursuit of runaway slaves and the realization that Spain was too politically and militarily weak to protect Florida. In addition to the destruction of Negro Fort on the Apalachicola River by American forces in 1816, these events were the initial conflicts in the First Seminole War . Florida became

1302-410: A reporter after a Nationwide Series race at Dover. David Reutimann replaced Busch in that race, and Busch was welcomed back following a vote by team members. Busch would leave the team following the fall Talladega race for Furniture Row Racing , and was supposed to be replaced by Regan Smith (the former driver with Furniture Row) until Dale Earnhardt Jr. suffered a concussion in the aftermath of

1395-432: A second block on Keselowski's passing move, but Keselowski held his ground as Edwards wrecked and drove to the finish to lead his only lap of the day and win the race. Former Earnhardt Ganassi Racing driver Aric Almirola was hired to drive for the team in 2010. The team's competitiveness was put into question when it lost its longtime sponsor Miccosukee at the beginning of the season. Almirola failed to qualify three of

1488-654: A series of three military conflicts between the United States and the Seminole people. During this period, many Seminoles were forced to relocate west of the Mississippi River to Indian Territory , forming the Seminole Nation of Oklahoma. A group of 200 or fewer Seminoles would stay in Florida. Descendants of those who remained in Florida were concentrated in the central and southern parts of

1581-631: A time during the 19th century, the Miccosukee were part of the developing Seminole identity in Florida. This identity formed in the early 19th century in Florida through a process of ethnogenesis . The Miccosukees and the Seminoles, however, not only continued to see themselves as separate entities within Florida but also saw themselves as wholly separate from the Creek Confederacy that continued to negotiate with Europeans and claimed influence over Alabama, Georgia, and northern Florida. In 1765,

1674-712: A written constitution, and all adult tribal members are part of the General Council, which manages the tribal services. The General Council elects officers to run the Business Council, which is led by a chairman. This system is "a combination of traditional tribal government and modern management." As of 2023, the current chairman is Talbert Cypress. The rest of the Business Council are Lucas K. Osceola, Kenneth H. Cypress, William J. Osceola, and Petties Osceola, Jr., serving respectively as Assistant Chairman, Treasurer, Secretary, and Lawmaker. Curtis E. Osceola serves

1767-585: Is known as the Miccosukee Reserved Area (MRA) or the Tamiami Trail Reservation, located about 40 miles (64 kilometers) west of Miami. The largest land section is an 87,000-acre (352 square kilometers) reservation on the northern border of Everglades National Park , known as the Alligator Alley Reservation, which includes 20,000 acres (81 square kilometers) of developable land, much of which the Miccosukee Tribe uses for

1860-547: Is one of three federally recognized Seminole entities. The Miccosukee, along with the Florida Seminole, speak the Mikasuki language , also spelled Miccosukee. The language has been referred to as a descendant of Hitchiti , a dialect of Hitchiti, and another term for Hitchiti. By the late 18th century, the British recorded the name Miccosukee, or Mikasuki, as designating a Hitchiti-speaking group centered on

1953-635: Is possible to find some artifacts such as cooking utensils that are also on display. The Museum is located in 41 Tamiami Trail, Miami, FL, 33131. The Miccosukee Indian School is the tribal school. The Bureau of Indian Affairs established the school in 1962, and the tribe took over administration operations in 1971. The Miccosukee educational system offers a Head Start Preschool Program and kindergarten through twelfth grade classes as well as vocational and other higher education programs. The school's vision statement reads: "To empower every student to reach their full academic potential while being productive members of

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2046-425: Is the center of tribal activities in the 21st century, and it contains all of the essential needs for the tribe, including residences, the school, the police department, the health clinic, recreational amenities, and the tribe's administration building. The 1962 Constitution of the Miccosukee Tribe of Indians of Florida initially emphasized admitting tribal members of at least half-Miccosukee ancestry. The tribe has

2139-629: The 2001 schedule's restrictor plate races with Purvis driving the No. 51, only finishing one race. In 2002 , the team picked up funding from Miccosukee Gaming and switched to the No. 09. Driver Geoffrey Bodine had a third-place finish in the Daytona 500, and later had a 2nd-place qualification at the Pepsi 400 . Mike Wallace ran a limited schedule for Phoenix in 2003 , and had two top-ten finishes. Scott Pruett and Buckshot Jones also ran one race deals for

2232-623: The COVID-19 pandemic , Jones was announced to compete at Charlotte . Due to the cancellation of qualifying runs, he was unable to make the starting field. In 2022 , the team made their debut in the ARCA Menards Series East . Jake Finch , the son of James Finch, made his debut in the No. 1 car at Pensacola . Finch would return to his family team and the No. 1 car for the East Series race at Nashville. He would start on

2325-476: The Subway Jalapeno 250 at Daytona for his fifth win in the series and his first for another team owner besides Roger Penske and Kyle Busch . The No. 1 has 13 victories. Phoenix Racing began running two cars in 2000 , when Matt Hutter drove the No. 51 at Daytona and Talladega, with TracFone sponsoring; his best finish was 19th. LaJoie drove late in the season at Homestead, when P. J. Jones drove

2418-406: The 09 at Martinsville and Homestead, respectively. Beginning in 2006 , Phoenix abbreviated the 09's schedule even further, switching back and forth between Dodge and Ford . Mike Wallace ran just three races and failed to finish higher than seventeenth. Mayfield ran the season-ending Ford 400 , but did not finish due to an oil leak. Wallace had a fourth-place finish in the 2007 Daytona 500 , but

2511-424: The 2013 Brickyard 400. In late June, Finch announced that he was selling his team. The team found a buyer July 17 and Finch stopped sponsoring the team after Indianapolis. He would continue to own the team through Labor Day weekend, providing assistance in the transition to new ownership. It was announced on August 28 that Harry Scott Jr. of Turner Scott Motorsports had bought the team. Finch's last race as owner

2604-591: The British in a separate meeting. The spring of 1787 marked the first time that a group specifically known as Seminoles attended the Lower Creeks' annual meeting. In the 1796 Treaty of Colerain , the Creek Confederacy agreed that all Creeks in Georgia and Florida would return runaway slaves to their white American owners, an agreement that the Native Americans in Florida disputed because the Creeks did not speak for those living in Florida. Prior to 1812,

2697-534: The Creek national council was denying treaty annuities to the Tribes in Florida. The indigenous people in Florida were completely discrete groups from the Creeks by 1818 at the latest, following Andrew Jackson 's invasion of Florida. The Miccosukees eventually joined with the Seminoles in defending their Florida homeland against encroaching white settlers during the 1820s. Despite the need for such an informal alliance,

2790-565: The Cup Series in 1990 , when it fielded the No. 51 Plasti-Kote Chevrolet Lumina for Jeff Purvis . In four races, Purvis failed to finish a race, his best finishing being a 31st at North Wilkesboro Speedway . Phoenix attempted to run a full schedule in 1991 , but soon cut back to a part-time schedule, completing six races in total. Due to a lack of funding, the team only ran two races in 1992 , with Finch's company Phoenix Construction of Panama City, Florida , serving as sponsor. In 1993 ,

2883-407: The Cup Series since the early 1990s. After Benson ran the Daytona 500, Phoenix came to Rockingham with their focus being on their Busch effort for the weekend. This was evident on the entry they filled out for the 09, where the team listed Ruttman as the driver but forgot to include Miccosukee as the sponsor. Finch did not even bring a proper crew to the race, with the intent being that they would run

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2976-527: The Cup car for a few laps before pulling off and collecting the last place prize. Due to withdrawals from several teams, the potential field was reduced to 43 cars and this meant that every car that entered was assured of making the field. For that weekend’s Cup race, the Subway 400 Ruttman ran one qualifying lap and was significantly off the pace, settling for a 40th place starting spot. To further complicate things,

3069-727: The Everglades, which was largely unknown to the remainder of the U.S. The American Civil War during the 1860s meant that the U.S. let the indigenous people in Florida live their lives as they saw fit as American military attention focused elsewhere. From the end of the Third Seminole War in 1858 until the 1920s, the indigenous people in Florida lived their lives in Big Cypress and the Everglades , intentionally isolated from interactions with white Floridians except for

3162-475: The Everglades. Not long before the completion of the Trail, Florida outlawed hunting for alligator and fur-bearing animals. With traffic in the region increasing, various drainage and canal projects throughout Florida changing the water levels around the tree islands, and declining opportunities for economic stability, Indians began to relocate to sites along the Trail. Over a dozen camps, or villages, moved closer to

3255-761: The Florida Seminoles in Oklahoma gained their own reservation and federal recognition as the Seminole Nation of Oklahoma . Those who remained in Florida fought against U.S. forces during the second and third Seminole Wars . Both of these conflicts resulted in groups of Indians being relocated to Indian Territory. The Second Seminole War began in 1835 after the Indians of Florida retaliated for repeated abuses by white settlers in Florida, including theft, violence, and illegal entry into Indian lands. One of

3348-625: The Miccosukee Business Council until 1985. The Miccosukee Tribe continued to pursue increased tribal sovereignty. On May 4, 1971, the Miccosukee Corporation assumed operational responsibility for all of the programs formerly administered by the Bureau of Indian Affairs. These programs included healthcare, law enforcement, and education, among others. The Miccosukee Tribe was the first Native American tribe in

3441-770: The Miccosukee Casino & Resort, in 1999, which includes gaming facilities, entertainment venues, bingo, and numerous restaurants and other amenities. The revenue from this enterprise has supported economic development and improvements to education and welfare. Most Miccosukees today reside in the modern housing on the MRA along a single road known as Old Tamiami Trail or an extension to the west known as Loop Road. Some tribal members live farther west along Tamiami Trail in traditional clan camps in Big Cypress, Fakahatchee Strand Preserve State Park , and Collier-Seminole State Park . Some Miccosukees live in suburban Miami. Old Tamiami Trail

3534-695: The Miccosukees maintained their separate identity within the tribes of Florida. During this time in particular, the U.S. government and white settlers in Florida often viewed the Miccosukee Indians and the Seminole Indians as a single entity. About 2,000 Upper Creeks, known as Red Sticks , militant Muscogee-speaking Indians, joined the tribes in Florida after being defeated in the Creek War of 1813-1814. After this influx of people in

3627-565: The Miccosukees were a group that moved between present-day Georgia and northern Florida, with an extended range for hunting, fishing, and trading expeditions stretching from the Appalachian Mountains to the Florida Keys. By the late 1700s, Miccosukee-speaking villages had been built in the Everglades . According to scholarship published in collaboration with tribal elders, multiple groups of Indians joined together to form

3720-429: The No. 1. In 2005 , they began fielding the No. 09 for three races, with Boris Said, Wallace, and Eric McClure driving. The team also fielded a No. 28 car for Johnny Sauter at Mexico City while Boris Said occupied his usual No. 1 car. They began fielding the second car full-time in 2007 , when Wallace drove the No. 7 GEICO Chevrolet. Despite failing to finish in the top-ten, he finished 11th in points. In 2008 ,

3813-498: The No. 14/23 Seal-Tech Buick, with a best finish of seventeenth. After a seventh-place finish at Talladega in 1992 , the team ran as the No. 28 Havoline Ford for three races, and then changed to the No. 4 Kodak Funsaver Camera Chevrolet in 1993 . Purvis won his first pole at Talladega in 1994 as the No. 51 Country Time car, then switched back to the No. 4 Kodak car the next year, where he had three top-ten finishes. Phoenix Racing made its first full-time season in 1996 , despite

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3906-506: The No. 22 car at Penske Racing due to on-track incidents and off-track temperament, including a profanity-laced tirade directed at ESPN reporter Jerry Punch . The team ran most of the season unsponsored, with HendrickCars.com, Monster Energy , and TAG Heuer coming on for single races. At Talladega in May, Busch ran a "ME" scheme from the movie Talladega Nights that Will Ferrell 's character (a similarly controversial star driver) ran in

3999-426: The No. 4 not having major sponsorship. Purvis won two races and a pole position, finishing seventh in points. Purvis ran the first four races of the 1997 , and had a top-ten finish, but was replaced by Tim Steele , who brought sponsorship from HS Die. He had two top-tens, but injuries forced him to exit the ride. He was replaced by multiple drivers, with Dale Shaw running a majority of the races that season, including

4092-481: The Seminole groups. One issue that further divided the tribes in Florida was a small group of Seminoles filing with the Indian Claims Commission in 1950 to claim compensation for lands taken by the U.S. government. Many of the Miccosukees contended that they never reached an official peace with the U.S., and they wanted their land returned rather than financial compensation. The U.S. settlement of

4185-567: The Talladega race and Smith was needed as a sub for the Charlotte and Kansas races in the Chase. A. J. Allmendinger , coincidentally also released from Penske, in the No. 22 car, due to a failed substance test, drove the No. 51 for those two races, with Smith returning later in the year. For 2013, the team returned full-time, fielding a number of different drivers. The team signed Guy Roofing,

4278-539: The Trail between 1928 and 1938. From these sites, Miccosukee Indians sought to improve their economic situation by offering airboat tours of the Everglades, indigenous crafts for sale, and other goods and services to tourists traveling across the state. Still viewed by many as Seminole Indians during this time, the Miccosukees who moved to live along the Trail also became known as the Trail Indians. The distinction between "Miccosukee" and "Seminole" began to grow as

4371-577: The Tribe as the current chief of staff. Government administration is further divided into departments including Land Resources, Water Resources, and Fish & Wildlife. The Miccosukee Tribe operates its own police and court system. It also has a clinic, day care center, senior center, and Community Action Agency. The tribe's educational system spans from a Head Start Pre-School Program through senior high school. Adult, vocational, and higher education programs are also available. The Miccosukee Tribe operates

4464-548: The U.S. relocated several thousand Seminole and hundreds of Black Seminoles , who lived in close association as allies, west to the Indian Territory (present-day Oklahoma). The U.S. government still believed that the Florida Seminoles were a part of the Creek Confederacy, and the American agents involved in relocation attempted to place the Florida Indians with land under the Creek administration. Eventually,

4557-684: The U.S. to achieve this distinction by taking advantage of the Richard Nixon administration's stated preference in 1970 for self-determination among indigenous tribes. This preference for self-determination was later enshrined as the Indian Self-Determination and Education Assistance Act of 1975. The tribe today occupies several reservations in southern Florida, collectively known as the Miccosukee Indian Reservations . The most populous area

4650-494: The brand-new Castro regime's celebration of the 26th of July Movement in Havana . This strategy was successful for the Miccosukees, as the U.S. government began negotiations upon the group's return to Florida. The Trail Indians gained federal recognition of their sovereignty in 1962 as the Miccosukee Tribe of Indians of Florida. Buffalo Tiger became the first chairman of the Miccosukee Tribe, and he continued to lead as chairman of

4743-440: The claims with the Miccosukee and Seminole of Florida, as well as the Seminole Nation in Oklahoma , finally concluded in 1976; division of shares among the tribes took until 1990 to settle. Divisions between the Miccosukees and Seminoles peaked during the 1950s. Under the federal government's program of termination of recognition, it proposed terminating the U.S. recognition of the Florida Seminoles in 1953. The Miccosukee response

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4836-457: The core group that became the Miccosukee Tribe in northern Florida; these groups included elements of the Oconee, Hitchiti , Eufala, and Appalachicola tribal towns in southern Georgia and northern Florida. Under continuing encroachment from European, and later, American, settlers, many Miccosukee ancestors from different locations found themselves in northern Florida by the early 18th century. By

4929-406: The crew Finch had assembled for the weekend was not in their pit box when the race began and once NASCAR discovered this, they ordered Phoenix to park the 09 for the remainder of the race. Ruttman collected $ 54,196 for a last-place finish. The team later said they would be "legitimate racing" after the incident, although Ruttman pulled out of each race he ran early citing some mechanical issue. Benson

5022-593: The crew chief and manages the team. He returned to the car after a solid season in 2008 for a full 2009 campaign. On May 23, 2009, Mike Bliss scored his second career Nationwide win and eleventh win for the team at Lowe's Motor Speedway by taking advantage of fuel mileage and a race-ending caution near the end of the race because of rain. In August 2009, Bliss was released due to conflicts with Reno. Ryan Newman , Reed Sorenson , Max Papis , Martin Truex Jr. , David Gilliland , and Landon Cassill also took turns sharing

5115-495: The early 19th century, documented Indians in Florida numbered about 5,000. This entry of Muscogee-speaking Indians into Florida had the additional effect of pushing many Hitchiti-speaking (Miccosukee) people farther south. As early as 1827, and possibly earlier, Mikasuki-speaking Native Americans had a permanent presence in the Everglades. Although East and West Florida were under Spanish control at this time (1783-1821), U.S. forces under Andrew Jackson invaded Florida in 1817 under

5208-532: The fall. Bobby Labonte , Owen Kelly , Mike Bliss , Jacques Villeneuve , and Brendan Gaughan would all make single starts for the team in 2013. In spite of early success (the team was ranked 9th in owners points after the fifth race of the season) and a more affordable car model in the Gen 6 Chevy SS, lack of long-term funding continued to plague the team. Citing this recurring lack of stable sponsorship, Finch announced in May 2013 that he would close operations after

5301-506: The field, including Spencer. In 2003 , they formed a partnership with Chip Ganassi Racing and fielded the No. 1 full-time for two Ganassi drivers: Cup series driver Jamie McMurray and developmental driver David Stremme . McMurray had two wins, both at Rockingham , while Stremme made sixteen starts with two top-fives, earning him Rookie of the Year honors. Johnny Benson was named full-time driver in 2004 , with Miccosukee Resorts being named

5394-504: The first seven events, including the Daytona 500, and start and parked in its four starts due to lack of funds. Almirola left the team after the race at Phoenix to focus on his Truck Series efforts, and was replaced by Mike Bliss and a handful of other drivers, including ( Xfinity Series driver) Landon Cassill , (Former F1 driver) Jan Magnussen , and ( 2000 NASCAR Winston Cup Series champion) Bobby Labonte . Phoenix Racing returned in 2011 despite rumors that Finch had been trying to sell

5487-406: The former believed the latter were more willing to assimilate to the majority culture by moving onto designated Indian reservations in Florida starting in the 1930s and 1940s. The federal and state governments persisted in treating the Indians of Florida as a unified people, eventually including a third group, known as Independents or Traditionals, who did not affiliate with either the Miccosukee or

5580-500: The late 1830s, the dominant indigenous language in among Native Americans living in Florida as Miccosukees or Seminoles was Mikasuki or other variants of Hitchiti. Muscogee was the dominant language within the Creek Confederacy, but Hitchiti had traveled with those who settled permanently in Florida and became the primary tongue, despite Muscogee often serving as the lingua franca throughout present-day Florida, Georgia, and Alabama whenever indigenous people interacted with white people. For

5673-407: The link to point directly to the intended article. Retrieved from " https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Phoenix_Racing&oldid=933053996 " Category : Disambiguation pages Hidden categories: Short description is different from Wikidata All article disambiguation pages All disambiguation pages Phoenix Racing (NASCAR team) In 2013, Phoenix Racing

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5766-494: The longest, most expensive, and deadly conflicts between Native Americans and the U.S. military, the Second Seminole War is a nearly forgotten conflict that had an extraordinary impact on southeastern U.S. history, American military tactics, and modern development of the U.S. Navy. The Indians of Florida conducted a guerrilla-style war against a numerically superior and technologically advanced enemy. The result of

5859-413: The new sponsor. He won one pole and had four top-tens when he was released after ten starts. McMurray ran three of the next four races, and Purvis returned for one race at Nazareth Speedway . Buckshot Jones drove the next two races with the return of Yellow Transportation to the team, followed by Tony Raines , Casey Mears , Bobby Hamilton, Sterling Marlin, Reed Sorenson, and Regan Smith . Johnny Sauter

5952-420: The new territory. Treaties such as Moultrie Creek (1823) and Payne's Landing (1833) were agreements that attempted to aggregate the Native Americans in Florida into isolated tracts of land, first in central Florida, and later in southwestern and southeastern Florida. Despite the appearance of numerous agreements between the tribes of Florida and the U.S. government, these negotiations were never balanced between

6045-595: The north, who started moving to reservations around the same time. In 1953, the Florida Seminoles were identified for termination of federal status. The Seminole Tribe of Florida organized and gained federal recognition in 1957. Due to political differences, the Miccosukee would form a separate group, gaining federal recognition in 1962. The Traditionals, or Independents, are Indians living in Florida who are unaffiliated with either tribe. The Traditionals predominantly live in Big Cypress Swamp . Historically,

6138-683: The occasional meeting for trade. Groups of Native Americans tended to gather in bigger camps until 1900, and then they began to separate into smaller groups in the face of increased development in Central and South Florida. The isolation of camps in South Florida began to end in the late 1920s with the construction of the Tamiami Trail (U.S. 41). Construction of the Tamiami Trail as the route between Tampa and Miami concluded in 1928. This brought new forms of traffic through Big Cypress and

6231-485: The parties involved because of the presence of the U.S. military at these negotiations and difficulties in translation and understanding. There also was never true representation of all of the Native Americans in Florida because the groups of men who represented the Indians during treaty negotiations did not represent all of the bands living in Florida at that time. Following the Indian Removal Act of 1830,

6324-469: The pole, lead 44 laps and finish second in the race. In both of his East Series races for Phoenix Racing, Finch drove an unbadged Toyota. Miccosukee The Miccosukee Tribe of Indians ( /ˌmɪkəˈsuki/ , MIH-kə-SOO-kee ) is a federally recognized Native American tribe in the U.S. state of Florida . Together with the Seminole Nation of Oklahoma and the Seminole Tribe of Florida , it

6417-425: The purpose of hunting, fishing, frogging, and subsistence agriculture to carry on the traditional Miccosukee way of life." In 1990, the tribe opened Miccosukee Indian Bingo & Gaming to generate revenue for tribal members and facilitate developing new opportunities for tribal members. Following the great success of the bingo hall, the tribe opened the 302-room Miccosukee Resort & Gaming Facility , now called

6510-428: The race at Indianapolis but pulled out due in part to injuries received in a practice crash. Johnny Sauter would join the team for the last few races after losing his ride at Richard Childress Racing , crashing out late in the running at Phoenix. Sauter drove ten races in the No. 09 in 2005 , and had a ninth-place finish at Phoenix International Raceway . Late in the season, Bobby Hamilton and Reed Sorenson drove

6603-412: The ride following Bliss' release. Rookie James Buescher was to drive the car full-time in 2010, but Finch put his entire operation up for sale on April 24. On May 12, 2010, Newman drove the car at Dover after Buescher parted ways with the team. On July 6, 2012, Phoenix recorded its first Nationwide Series win in three years when Kurt Busch , who would make occasional starts for the team that season, won

6696-406: The season, and signed a one-race deal with Jani-King before winning the season-opening NAPA Auto Parts 300 . Bob Evans Restaurants then became the sponsor, and LaJoie finished tenth in points. He followed that up with a victory at USA and a seventh-place finish in points in 2000 . P. J. Jones was named driver of the No. 1 for 2001 , bringing Yellow Freight sponsorship. After four races, he

6789-485: The state. In the 1920s and 1930s, many Miccosukee established communities along the Tamiami Trail , a roadway completed in 1928 that ran through the Everglades and connected the cities of Tampa and Miami . The Trail Indians, as they were called, generally kept more traditional practices. They were less interested in establishing formal relations with the federal government than the Cow Creek Seminoles to

6882-404: The team did not qualify for another race until the final two races of the year, when Sterling Marlin drove. For 2008 , Marlin ran 10–12 races for Phoenix. Phoenix Racing announced for 2009 that they would be running two different makes of cars for the upcoming Sprint Cup season. The No. 09 was shared by Marlin, Phoenix's Nationwide Series driver Mike Bliss , and Brad Keselowski , who at the time

6975-414: The team ran all of the restrictor plate races on the schedule, except for the Daytona 500 , for which they failed to qualify. For 1994 , they picked up sponsorship from Country Time and had planned to run a limited schedule with Neil Bonnett driving. Bonnett was killed in a practice crash at Daytona before the 1994 Daytona 500 , and Purvis was brought back to drive the car. In six races, his best finish

7068-447: The team switched to the No. 4, and leased its owners points to Jay Robinson Racing . Robinson ran the No. 4 car on a full-time basis, although Phoenix did field the No. 4 for Landon Cassill at Mexico City. In 2004 , Phoenix Racing fielded the No. 09 Dodge truck for Jimmy Spencer at Richmond , with sponsorship from Miccosukee . Spencer would blow an engine with 12 laps remaining in the race and finish 28th. On March 3, 2020, it

7161-499: The team that season, during which they switched to Dodge . The team began 2004 with Johnny Benson Jr. , who had also signed to drive the #1 car full-time for Phoenix in the Busch Series for 2002, scheduled to run at least a minimum of seven races, mostly at the longer speedways where the team was stronger. The team would attempt most of the schedule with Benson sharing the ride with Joe Ruttman , who had not raced full-time in

7254-515: The team. Bill Elliott drove the first 4 races before Landon Cassill took over the ride with sponsorship from Security Benefit. In June 2011, prior to the Kansas race, the team changed the car number to No. 51, which Phoenix Racing originally used when it first competed in the then-Winston Cup Series. He would later have a best career finish of 9th at Michigan. For 2012, Cassill was replaced by 2004 Cup Champion Kurt Busch , who had been released from

7347-552: The town of Miccosukee , a tribal town affiliated with the Creek Confederacy . The town spanned sections of present-day Alabama, southern Georgia, and northern Florida. Under pressure from European encroachment into their territory during the 18th century, the Miccosukee underwent a period of increasingly frequent migration to Spanish Florida . The Miccosukee were displaced during the Seminole Wars (1817–1858),

7440-497: The tribe on tree islands, or hammocks , in the Big Cypress Swamp and the Everglades ensured that the ancestors of present-day Miccosukees and Seminoles remained in Florida. The Third Seminole War began in 1855 after a small band of Indians led by Billy Bowlegs (Holatta Micco) attacked American encampments in response to repeated harassment and destruction of property by U.S. military forces. The result of this conflict

7533-498: The war was many more indigenous people dead or deported but a U.S. failure at complete removal of Indians from Florida. By 1842, perhaps 300 Native Americans remained in Florida; more than 4,000 were forcibly relocated to Indian Territory between 1835 and 1842. The Miccosukee chief Ar-pi-uck-i , also known as Sam Jones (Abiaki, Abiaka), proved an effective leader during the Second Seminole War ; his strategy of hiding

7626-408: Was 21st. Phoenix changed its number to 44 in 1995 , and ran six more races with Purvis and Jackaroo Sauce, only finishing one race. MCA Records became the new sponsor for 1996 , and the team had two top-ten qualification starts, but could not finish higher than twelfth. After staying out of Cup for several years, Finch purchased a number of Ford Tauruses from Bill Elliott Racing , and ran all of

7719-551: Was a developmental driver for Hendrick Motorsports . Ron Fellows also ran as a road course ringer. The team fielded purchased Ganassi Dodges for Marlin and Bliss, and purchased Hendrick Chevrolets for Keselowski and Fellows. After 19 years in the Cup Series Phoenix Racing finally won its first race, taking the Aaron's 499 with Keselowski behind the wheel. Keselowski turned Carl Edwards when Edwards attempted

7812-521: Was announced that Phoenix Racing and both former Truck Series teams Billy Ballew Motorsports and Wauters Motorsports would jointly be restarted and returning to the series with Erik Jones running at Homestead as he sought the Kyle Busch US$ 100,000 bounty. However, Ballew stated the team had no plans to return besides the one race. Following the postponement of the Homestead race due to

7905-475: Was eventually let go from his contract altogether and Ruttman’s involvement was scaled back significantly although he would return toward the end of the season and would eventually make seven starts for the team. Bobby Hamilton Jr. drove six races for the team starting at Charlotte, and Mike Wallace would return and record the team’s first top ten since 2002 at Richmond. Tony Raines would drive one race at Dover before retiring early, while Scott Pruett would make

7998-548: Was named the new driver of the No. 1, but struggled and only had one top-ten finish and missed six races, with Benson, Marlin and Max Papis filling for most of those races. In 2008 , Sauter returned to the team, but was released after five races. After Sterling Marlin drove one race, Mike Bliss was named the permanent driver of the No. 1 car. Marc Reno, who was born in California and currently resides in Concord, NC, serves as

8091-519: Was named the permanent driver of the No. 1 in 2005 , winning at Milwaukee and finishing twelfth in points after Boris Said took his place at the Mexico race. Sauter left for Haas CNC Racing and took the sponsorship with him, and Jason Keller was hired to drive. After eight races, Keller was released and replaced by Mike Wallace, who garnered two top-five finishes, with Scott Pruett and development driver Cale Gale filling in. For 2007 , J. J. Yeley

8184-406: Was replaced by Dennis Setzer , and an additional four races during which he was suspended for rough driving. Nathan Buttke and Matt Hutter took his place for those races. Purvis and Lance Snacks departed for Bechtel/Gibbs Racing at the end of the year, taking the No. 4 with him. Phoenix Racing switched to the No. 1 and hired Randy LaJoie to drive. They did not have major sponsorship of start

8277-431: Was replaced by Jimmy Spencer who drove in eighteen races for Phoenix, winning three races. Bobby Hamilton, Lepage, and Joe Ruttman filled in for Spencer on occasion. Phoenix dropped to a part-time schedule in 2002 , with Spencer winning twice in 23 races, with Martin Truex Jr. running one race. Ruttman also ran Talladega in a second car, the No. 51, which was involved in a massive pileup on lap 15 which took out most of

8370-584: Was sold to Turner Scott Motorsports co-owner Harry Scott Jr., who renamed the team HScott Motorsports in 2014. Three years later, HScott Motorsports shut down. Phoenix Racing would reopen its doors in 2020 to help Finch's son Jake start his racing career in Outlaw Late Models locally in Florida, then moving up to Super Late Models in 2021, and moving up to the ARCA Menards Series East in 2022. Phoenix Racing began racing in

8463-492: Was the Buckskin Declaration in 1954, which a Miccosukee delegation personally delivered to one of President Eisenhower 's aides. The declaration stated that the Trail Indians wanted nothing from the U.S. government; the Indians only wanted to be able to live their lives on the land as they always had. Meanwhile, the reservation Indians in Florida became known as the Seminole Tribe of Florida after they developed

8556-491: Was the Labor Day race at Atlanta , where Mike Bliss drove the No. 51 Phoenix Construction Chevrolet to a 33rd-place finish, running six laps down at the checkered flag. Phoenix made its debut in 1989 with the No. 49 Buick driven by Jeff Purvis at Charlotte . They ran four races together the following season in the No. 15 car, but had three engine failures. The next season, Phoenix and Purvis ran four consecutive races in

8649-413: Was the removal of Billy Bowlegs's band for Oklahoma, having accepted a monetary settlement. The sole remaining Indians in Florida in 1858 were those sheltering in the swamp and wetlands in the south. By 1858, perhaps 200 ancestors of the modern Miccosukee and Seminole Tribes remained in Florida. They survived by moving into central and southern Florida to take advantage of the topography of Big Cypress and

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