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106-688: Phonographic Performance Limited ( PPL ) is a British music copyright collective . It is a private limited company that is registered in the UK. PPL was founded by Decca Records and EMI and incorporated on 12 May 1934, and undertakes collective rights management of sound recordings on behalf of its record-company members, and distributes the fees collected to both its record company (rights holder) members and performer members. As of 2022, PPL collected royalties for over 140,000 performers and recording rightsholders. PPL continues to be owned by record companies, which it refers to as "rights holders", who are legally

212-445: A user interface deemed "not intuitive". However, it was praised for its playlist curation, a vast library of songs to stream, and its integration with other Apple devices and services. In iOS 10 , the app received a significant redesign, which received positive reviews for an updated interface with less clutter, improved navigation, and a bigger emphasis on users' libraries. Apple Music gained popularity rapidly after its launch, passing

318-496: A "dark semi-autobiographical drama" called Vital Signs . The production was described as "Apple's first scripted television series". Recode subsequently reported a few days later that the announcement of Dr. Dre's production was an effort to "extend Apple Music" in promotional ways rather than Apple actively exploring original television content. Citing Apple's deals with Drake and Swift in October and December 2015, respectively,

424-403: A 320 kbit/s Ogg Vorbis bitrate. The implementation of iCloud Music Library caused significant issues for users. There were reports about music libraries being impacted by issues such as tracks moved to other albums, album art not matching the music, duplicate artists and songs, missing tracks, and synchronization problems. Mashable wrote that "Apple has not yet publicly acknowledged

530-460: A PPL licence. A PPL licence gives the licence holder permission to play recorded music from PPL's repertoire; the vast majority of commercially released music in the UK. Playing music that is outside of its copyright term or that is freely licensed does not require a PPL licence. In 2018 PPL and PRS for Music joined forces to streamline music licensing for businesses, coming together to launch PPL PRS Ltd. PPL licenses radio stations based in

636-456: A PPL licence. Exceptions are hotels, guest houses and bed and breakfast accommodation that have fewer than 25 rooms and have no areas that are open to non-residents, such as a bar or restaurant. A PPL licence is required when recorded music, within PPL's repertoire, including radio and television, is played in public. There is no statutory definition of "playing in public" and "public performance" but

742-580: A customized user experience based on allowing users to browse works by individual pieces and movements (including individual and "Editor's Choice" selections of recordings), composers, performers (including soloists, orchestras, ensembles, choirs, and conductors), periods, and instruments. The app also features biographical profiles of composers (including specially-commissioned portraits), and curated playlists. Recordings are also being remastered for spatial audio, with at least one new album with spatial audio released per-week. On September 5, 2023, Apple acquired

848-403: A day. The service was announced on June   8, 2015, and launched on June   30, 2015. New subscribers get a one-month free or six months free trial with the purchase of select products before the service requires a monthly subscription. Originally strictly a music service, Apple Music began expanding into video in 2016. Executive Jimmy Iovine has stated that the intention for the service

954-410: A music curator. After a period of rumors and anticipation, Sony Music CEO Doug Morris confirmed on June 7, 2015, that Apple had plans to announce a music streaming service, saying "It's happening tomorrow," with the launch later in the month. Morris emphasized several times that he prefers paid streaming as opposed to ad-supported, from a financial perspective. Furthermore, Morris said he expects

1060-535: A native application, Apple Music is available on the web with a web player in beta. On October 27, 2021, Sony announced that Apple Music would become available on the PlayStation 5 . On October 12, 2022, Apple Music became available for the Xbox One and Xbox Series X/S . Before Apple Music, the company's iPod and iTunes were known for having "revolutionized digital music." Former Apple CEO Steve Jobs

1166-470: A new Private limited company called PPL PRS Ltd which aims to streamline the process of obtaining a Music license in the UK. While both companies licence the use of music and collect royalties for the music industry, they represent different rights holders and have separate licences, terms, and conditions. PPL collects and distributes money for the use of recorded music on behalf of record companies and performers. PRS for Music collects and distributes money for

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1272-489: A new concert series that kicks off with Harry Styles live from New York on May 20. On October 19, 2021, Apple introduced the discounted Apple Music Voice plan at $ 4.99/month, which limits subscribers to only accessing the service's music library and playback features through Siri . On November 1, 2023, Apple discontinued the Apple Music Voice plan with no explanation. On June 24, 2022, Apple Music increased

1378-531: A programming veteran, as a creative executive of Apple's original video team, and a few days later, also hired Philip Matthys and Jennifer Wang Grazier from Hulu and Legendary Entertainment , respectively. On October 19, 2020, Apple launched Apple Music TV via Apple Music and the Apple TV app in the United States. Apple Music TV is a free, continuous 24/7 livestream focused on music videos, akin to

1484-566: A single mechanical licensing database overseen by music publishers and songwriters. The cost of creating and maintaining this database will be paid for by digital streaming services and the database and tariff will be determined by an authority created under the MMA. The mechanism provided under the act will determine unclaimed royalties due to music professionals and provide a consistent legal process to receive them. Previously, these unclaimed royalties were held by digital service providers like Spotify to

1590-499: A song is playing, a "Now Playing" bar appears above the bottom navigation bar. When viewed, the Now Playing section allows users to add a song to their library, download it to their device, and like or dislike the song to improve suggestions on the "Home" tab. Other functions of the "Now Playing" section include the ability to control what music plays next and put songs on shuffle or repeat. Additionally, users can view live lyrics of

1696-433: A specific song, artist, or album. The feature also tells the user specific genres that they listened to throughout the year, placing them in order from most listened-to to least listened-to. Apple Music Replay also provides an interactive system where it plays a generated animation that recaps what your activity was like over the past year, along with a milestone section that shows specific goals you reached. [1] The service

1802-464: A statutory monopoly, while others recognise effective monopolies through regulations. In Austria, the Society of Authors, Composers and Publishers ( Gesellschaft der Autoren, Komponisten und Musikverleger , AKM) has a statutory monopoly. German law recognizes GEMA as an effective monopoly, and the burden of proof is on an accused infringer that a work is not managed by GEMA. GEMA has one of

1908-434: A three-month free trial subscription, which changed to a monthly fee after three months. The trial lasts for a month now. A family plan allows six users to share a subscription at a reduced rate. Apple originally sought to enter the market at a lower price point for the service, but the music industry rejected the plan. The service debuted as an updated Music app on the iOS 8.4 update. Apple TV and Android device support

2014-491: Is Spotify . However, by July 2018, Apple Music had surpassed Spotify in the number of paying users in the United States. In October 2015, Drake and Apple signed a deal to release the music video for " Hotline Bling " exclusively on Apple Music. In December, Apple released an exclusive Taylor Swift tour documentary, called The 1989 World Tour , on Apple Music. In February 2016, The Hollywood Reporter reported that Dr. Dre would be starring in and executive producing

2120-553: Is Peter Leathem OBE. Leathem was awarded the OBE for services to the music industry in the Kings 2023 New Years Honours List. PPL was formed in May 1934 by the record companies EMI and Decca Records , following a court case against Bristol coffee shop Stephen Carwardine & Co , which had been entertaining its customers by playing records. EMI, then called The Gramophone Company, argued it

2226-872: Is a private limited company incorporated in the UK on 14 September 2016. It is equally owned by PPL and PRS with an initial shareholding allocation of one ordinary share to each party, creating one music copyright collective organisation in the UK that is responsible for licensing music and collection of fees. The company's stated aim is to provide the best music licensing experience in the world. PPL has international agreements, sometimes referred to as "Reciprocal Deals", with 95 music copyright collection societies, including Phonographic Performance Company of Australia (PPCA) in Australia, Gesellschaft zur Verwertung von Leistungsschutzrechten GmbH (GVL) in Germany, and AARC , AFM & SAG-AFTRA , and SoundExchange (P & R) in

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2332-553: Is a year-end playlist showing users their favorite tracks of the entire year, a feature similar to Spotify Wrapped . On November 20, 2019, Apple introduced Apple Music for Business, offering customized playlists for partnered retailers, while also revealing that the platform's catalog now hosted over 60 million songs. In 2020, Apple Music sealed deals with Universal Music Group , Sony Music and Warner Music Group for further promotion and streaming allowance of songs from artists on their labels. From October 30, 2020, Apple Music

2438-485: Is being managed in a manner detrimental to the interests of the authors and other owners of the copyright. The major copyright societies in India are The Indian Performing Right Society Limited [IPRS] (for composers and publishers), Indian Reprographic Right Organisation [IRRO] (for literary organisations) and Indian Singers Rights Association [ISRA] (for performers). Phonographic Performance Limited [PPL] (for producers)

2544-525: Is broadcast in over 100 countries. The Apple Music Radio service is free for all users, even without an Apple Music subscription. Apple Music subscribers can create a profile to share their music with friends and follow other users to view the music they are listening to on a regular basis. Apple Music's use of iCloud , which matches a users' songs to those found on the service, allows users to combine their iTunes music library with their Apple Music library and listen to their music all in one place. Additionally,

2650-437: Is compatible with iOS devices running version 8.4 or later, iPadOS devices running version 13.0 or later, Music app on macOS Catalina or later, iTunes version 12.2 or later for Windows PCs, as well as Apple Watch , Apple TV , Apple CarPlay , and Apple HomePod . It is also available for Android devices running version 4.3 or later, ChromeOS devices, Amazon Echo devices, and Sonos speakers. For devices without

2756-608: Is no longer operating as a copyright society under S.33 of the Copyrights Act 1957. The validity of PPL operating as a company has been debated and was considered by the 2014 case of Leopold cafe v. Novex Communication in which the Bombay High Court that s.30 of the Copyright Act 1957 allows a duly authorised agent to issue licenses on behalf of authors and other owners, therefore organisations can perform

2862-430: Is to become a "cultural platform", and Apple reportedly wants the service to be a "one-stop shop for pop culture". The company is actively investing heavily in the production and purchasing of video content, both in terms of music videos and concert footage that support music releases, as well as web series and feature films. The original iOS version of Apple Music received mixed reviews, with criticism directed towards

2968-405: The " Performing Right Society ", now called PRS for Music , which was founded in 1914 and originally collected fees for live performance of sheet music. As of 2018, PRS has entered a joint venture with PPL under a Leicester -based private company called PPL PRS Ltd , which aims to make it easier for their customers to obtain a music licence, which they have called " TheMusicLicence ". PPL's CEO

3074-519: The "Apple Music Sing" karaoke feature, which introduces real-time lyrics and on supported devices a new slider which allows for the volume of vocals to be adjusted independently from a track's instrumentals on supported songs. Apple is partnering with Bharti Airtel to provide its music and video streaming services to the telecom company's premium clients in India from 2024 at no cost. On August 13, 2021, Apple acquired classical music streaming service Primephonic , and announced that it would become

3180-473: The Apple Music team, upcoming album releases, as well as different categories including "Genres", "Moods", "Top Charts", and "Music Videos". In 2024, Apple released a new feature as part of iOS 18 replacing the 'Browse' tab. The 'New' feature is personalized to each listener. The "Radio" tab incorporates Apple Music Radio and other radio stations which play genre-specific or artist-related music, depending on

3286-579: The Apps , and will focus on the "app economy". The series has cast 100 developers, and premiered on June 6, 2017. In June 2017, Apple hired two television executives from Sony , Jamie Erlicht and Zack Van Amburg. The two have jointly held the title of "President" at Sony, and have helped develop shows including Breaking Bad and Shark Tank . The hiring was noted by the media as another significant effort by Apple to expand into original video productions. In early December 2017, Apple hired Michelle Lee,

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3392-413: The Copyright Act 1957. ISRA represents the interests of singers and aims to protect performer's rights as enshrined in S.38 and S.38A of the Copyrights Act 1957. IPRS represents composers, lyricists and publishers of music in India and is a registered copyright society under S.33 of the Copyright Act 1957. The Screenwriters Association of India [SRAI] earlier known as Film Writers Association represents

3498-542: The Copyright Act of 1957. In order to do the business of issuing or granting license in respect of literary, dramatic, musical and artistic works incorporated in a cinematograph films or sound recordings it is necessary that the organization be registered as a copyright society under Section 33. The proviso to section 33 sub clause 3 states ‘Provided that the Central Government shall not ordinarily register more than one copyright society to do business in respect of

3604-741: The Family plan increased $ 2 to $ 16.99/month, and the Annual plan for individuals increased $ 10 to $ 109/year. In November 2015, Apple launched the Android version of Apple Music, touted by reporters as Apple's first "real" or "user-centric" Android app. The app was updated in April 2017 to match the service's iOS 10 design. On November 30, 2018, Apple added support for Apple Music on Amazon Echo speakers, after previously only being accessible on Apple's own HomePod speakers. On September 5, 2019, Apple released

3710-488: The For You section leaves a lot to be desired". Jordan Novet of VentureBeat wrote positively about the changes, stating "Apple has improved the overall design, as well as the experience". In December 2017, singer-songwriter Neil Young released a new archive as part of his Neil Young Archives project and criticized Apple for the audio quality offered by its Apple Music streaming service, stating: "Apple Music controls

3816-545: The September 2016 launch of "My New Music Mix", and the June 2017 launch of "My Chill Mix". On December 13, 2018, Apple discontinued Apple Music's "Connect" feature in favor for their redesigned approach to artist profiles and the ability for users to share their music and playlists with friends and followers introduced in iOS 11. On November 15, 2019, Apple released a new Apple Music feature called Apple Music Replay, which

3922-598: The U.S. and Canada, groups that provide intermediary functions between copyright holders and performers of works such as music are called performance rights organisations or PROs. Other organizations such as artists' rights groups license and collect royalties for the reproduction of works such as paintings by living or recently deceased artists whose work has not yet entered the public domain . There are also collectives that collect royalties for copies from magazines and scholarly journals such as Access Copyright in Canada. In

4028-404: The UK courts have given guidance on its meaning and ruled that it means any playing of music outside of a domestic setting, for example at a workplace, public event or in the course of any business activities. No licence is required for listening on headphones. The playing of recorded music as part of domestic home life, or when the audience consists entirely of friends and/or family does not require

4134-573: The UK this is currently within the remit of the Musicians Union . Performer organisations PAMRA and AURA merged with PPL in November 2006, leading to an annual meeting and dedicated board specifically for performers. Performers had no rights until the right to equitable remuneration was brought in to law in 1996, at which point PAMRA and AURA came into being; PAMRA collecting for non-featured performers and AURA for featured ones. PPL PRS Ltd

4240-478: The UK, Isle of Man and Channel Islands to use recorded music within its repertoire in all forms of radio, from traditional FM/AM broadcasting to satellite and online streaming. With the relevant PPL music licence, broadcasters can use recorded music within PPL's repertoire and/or music videos in their programming with the permission of the performer and copyright owner. Applications for music licences can be made online. Anyone who owns or holds an exclusive licence to

4346-471: The US, PROs ensure that rights holders are paid their share of public performance royalties, by issuing licenses to different companies and establishments and tracking where and how often the songs of their affiliates are performed at these public venues. An author can only be part of one PRO, as the five existing PROs in the US have distinct systems for tariffs and payment of royalty as they compete with each other in

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4452-664: The US. The territories and societies that PPL currently hold agreements with do not all offer representation of performers; some offer representation to both rights-holders and performers and some only offer representation for rights holders. PPL is one of 44 ordinary members of the Societies’ Council for the Collective Management of Performers’ Rights (SCAPR), which was founded in 1986 and is based in Brussels , Belgium. It operates as an international platform for

4558-752: The VPL register and are kept under Section 352 of the Companies Act 1985 . Although technically a separate company, VPL operates under the same management as PPL. All activities relating to music videos are conducted as VPL business. Copyright collective Copyright societies evolved out of the need to have an organised body for licensing and managing copyrighted works. Without copyright societies, it would be impossible for users like restaurants, malls and large events to collect licenses from individual copyright holders and negotiate terms with them. Copyright societies negotiate prices and create tariffs on behalf of

4664-446: The activities of a copyright society without being registered under S.33 but it will not be referred to as a copyright society and cannot issue licenses in its own name. PPL now operates as a Copyrights Organisation [CRO] and can only issue licenses as an agent, therefore it must issue licenses in the name of the copyright owners and not itself. See Copyright Licensing Agency , Phonographic Performance Limited , and PRS for Music . In

4770-584: The audio quality that is served to the masses and chooses to not make high quality available, reducing audio quality to between 5 percent and 20 percent of the master I made in the studio in all cases. So, the people hear 5 percent to 20 percent of what I created. ... Apple not offering a top-quality tier has led labels to stop making quality products available to the masses". Young's claim, however, did not stand up to technical scrutiny, with Apple delivering an industry-standard high-quality bitrate of 256 kbit/s AAC, slightly edging out Spotify in quality, which uses

4876-512: The authors that they represent and offset the imbalance of power between the users and the copyright holders. The lobbying power of copyright societies is especially important in industries like the music industry, where authors and owners of copyright are often placed at a disadvantage. The music streaming revolution was also projected as an attack on the power imbalance in the music industry. The evolution of technology and influence of music aggregators like Spotify, Apple Music and Pandora are changing

4982-500: The basis for a new Apple Music app dedicated to classical music, planned to launch in 2022. The Apple Music Classical app was released for iOS on March 28, 2023; for Android on May 30, 2023; and for iPad on November 16, 2023. The Apple Music Classical app is currently translated only in English, German, Spanish, French, Italian, Brazilian Portuguese, and Dutch. The app is available for Apple Music subscribers exclusively and provides

5088-511: The beginning of an amazing moment for our industry." Shortly before Apple Music was released, singer-songwriter Taylor Swift wrote an open letter publicly criticizing Apple's decision to not reimburse artists during a user's free trial period and announced that she would be holding back her album 1989 from the service. She said the policy was "unfair" as "Apple Music will not be paying writers, producers, or artists for those months". UK independent record label Beggars Group also criticized

5194-418: The classical music label BIS Records . Apple Music received mixed reviews at launch. Among the criticism, reviewers wrote that the user interface was "not intuitive", and an "embarrassing and confusing mess". They also wrote about battery life problems. However, the service was praised for its smart functions. Christina Warren of Mashable noted the emphasis on human curation in Apple Music, pointing out

5300-540: The company's former reputation as a "tastemaker" in the mid-2000s. Apple Music's major redesign in iOS 10 received more positive reviews. Caitlin McGarry of Macworld praised Apple for having "cleaned up the clutter, reconsidered the navigation tools, put your library front and center, and added algorithmically created playlists to rival Spotify 's." She noted bigger fonts, large amounts of white space, and she welcomed changes to various functionalities, concluding with

5406-478: The copyright collective to discharge its functions, including the detection of unauthorized use, negotiation of licenses, collection of remuneration and distribution of collected remuneration amongst the members of the copyright collective on the basis of collected data. Copyright collecting societies in the European Union usually hold monopolies in their respective national markets. Some countries create

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5512-607: The copyright society has control over all or most of the copyrighted works in a particular industry. Copyright law is territorial in nature, but copyrights are protected in multiple countries through international instruments such as the Berne Convention and the TRIPS Agreement . Along with licensing, copyright societies monitor the use of copyrighted works assigned to them and ensure that the copyright holders are fairly remunerated for such use. In order to monitor

5618-458: The copyright society representing the owner, and forwards payments to it. Apple Music Apple Music is an audio and video streaming service developed by Apple Inc. Users can select music to stream to their device on-demand, or listen to existing playlists . The service also includes the sister internet radio stations Apple Music 1 , Apple Music Hits, and Apple Music Country, which are broadcast live to over 200 countries 24 hours

5724-457: The detriment of the authors. All of this will also ensure that artists are paid more and have a fair mechanism to approach for getting the money they are owed. This changes the scheme of S.115 of the US which governs compulsory licensing and allows the authority created under the act to issue blanket licenses for music to streaming services. While this does take away some agency of artists, there has been overwhelming support for this legislation from

5830-516: The development of the practical cooperation between copyright collection societies that represent performers. Other ordinary members include GVL (Germany), SENA (The Netherlands), ADAMI (France) and RAAP (Ireland). Associate Members include ARCC (US) and SAMPRA (South Africa). Any business that plays recorded music within PPL's repertoire in public, such as a shop, bar, office, restaurant, gym, community building, not-for-profit organisation; or for activities such as dance classes, needs to have

5936-412: The download reports for the iTunes Store , which are used to determine their royalty payments. This acquisition is guided by the country's legal regime. Some jurisdictions, such as Hungary, create legal monopolies, and de facto monopolies arise in others. Once rights are acquired, the copyright collective then has to collect data on the uses of copyrighted works. The processing of this data will enable

6042-434: The early days of MTV . Apple Music TV plans on having premieres of new music videos occur every Friday at 12PM ET, as well as occasional artist and themed takeovers, airings of Apple Music original documentaries and films, live events and shows, and chart countdowns. The service launched with a countdown of the 100 most streamed songs in the US of all time on Apple Music. On May 17, 2022, Apple Music announced Apple Music Live,

6148-749: The economic aspects and the distribution of money from royalties of Italian-copyrighted music to authors and on their behalf. BUMA/STEMRA are two private organisations in the Netherlands , the Buma Association ( Dutch : Vereniging Buma ) and the Stemra Foundation ( Dutch : Stichting Stemra ) that operate as one single company that acts as the Dutch collecting society for composers and music publishers . Copyright Societies in India have to register themselves under section 33 of

6254-704: The events of this week, I've decided to put 1989 on Apple Music... And happily so". She concluded saying it was "the first time it's felt right in my gut to stream my album". In negotiations with record labels for the new service, Apple allegedly attempted to encourage record labels to pull their content from the free, ad-supported tiers of competing services such as Spotify and Amazon Music in order to drive adoption of Apple Music and offered an incentive to Universal Music Group to pull its content from YouTube. The United States Department of Justice and Federal Trade Commission launched an investigation into this alleged cartel in May 2015. The announcement happened as

6360-456: The existing system of copyright licensing and might make copyright societies obsolete. While the system of copyright societies is similar in all countries, their influence over the industry and mode of operation varies from country to country. Copyright societies operate by acquiring the right to license works from the owners and then negotiating and licensing the works to others. They usually operate in one particular industry and try to acquire

6466-559: The features were not mentioned in the update release notes. By December 28, 2021, Apple Music had upgraded its entire catalogue of 90 million tracks to have lossless audio. On September 22, 2022, Apple announced that it has signed a multi-year deal with the NFL to have Apple Music become the main sponsor of the Super Bowl halftime show beginning with Super Bowl LVII . With the release of iOS 16.2 on December 13, 2022, Apple introduced

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6572-466: The first version of an Apple Music web player in beta. The web player gives users full access to their music libraries along with similar features from the Apple Music app, while it is missing key features that are expected to be added later. A Windows 11 app was released in beta in January 2023, to replace the aging iTunes for Windows. Apple has added personalized music playlists to the service, with

6678-503: The interests of lyricists, screenwriters and novelists. It applied for becoming a copyright society in 2017 but is currently operating as a trade union representing its members. Recently an application for registration under S.33 was made by the Recorded Music Performance ltd which controls public performance and broadcasting rights of sound recordings of its member companies. RMPL has applied for registration as PPL

6784-561: The largest share and non-featured a smaller share. The percentage allocation process is complex and dependent on a number of factors. PPL Performers are placed into categories on the Sound Recordings they have performed on; featured, other featured, and non-featured. A licence is required from PPL whenever recorded music within its repertoire is played in public or broadcast. PPL's repertoire includes all recorded music owned or controlled by its direct members or by members of any of

6890-547: The market. The five major PROs in the music industry in the US are ASCAP , SESAC , BMI , AllTrack , and SoundExchange . In the US copyright collectives are registered companies that act as agents of the owners of the copyright. The websites of the PROs have their Memorandum of association and Articles of association and their tariff policies. The validity of PROs was challenged in the 1979 anti-trust suit of Broadcast Music, Inc. v. CBS, Inc. in which CBS BMI and said that

6996-506: The membership at the AGM—all revenue generated from PPL licence fees is passed onto its registered record company and performer members as royalties for the use of their recorded music. PPL members range from session musicians and emerging artists to major record labels and globally successful performers. It is free to join PPL as a member. PPL's field of operation is distinct from the UK's other main music copyright collective previously known as

7102-423: The metadata (or details included in the file) of all the music registered by PPL's members that is relevant to both identify a piece of music and determine its legal status. PPL and PRS for Music are separate, independent companies and in most instances a licence is required from both organisations to legally play recorded music in public. As of 2018 both organisations have launched a joint venture via formation of

7208-476: The milestone of 10   million subscribers in only six months. Though Apple does not disclose the amount of paid subscribers, research firm Midia Research estimated it at 78 million as of November 2021 . The service reached over 100 million songs in its streaming catalog in October 2022. As of May 5, 2023, the most streamed song of all time on Apple Music is " Shape of You " by Ed Sheeran with more than 930 million plays worldwide. On November 8, 2023, it

7314-520: The most effective and lucrative music copyright administration systems. Hungary operates a legal monopoly. SIAE (English: Italian Society of Authors and Publishers, Italian: Società Italiana degli Autori ed Editori ) is the Italian copyright collecting agency. Founded in 1882 in the Kingdom of Italy , it is the monopolist intermediary between the authors of musical tracks and consumers, managing

7420-410: The music industry as it will ensure that licensing and royalty payments are transferred on a fair basis. The American Society of Composers, Authors and Publishers [ASCAP] has direct or indirect connections with copyright societies in over 30 countries. Once it receives information regarding unauthorised use of copyrighted works, the affiliated foreign copyright society collects the royalty on behalf of

7526-609: The only "members" and the only ones entitled to attend the annual general meeting . In 2023, PPL announced its 2022 financial results, revealing £272.6 million was collected that year, an increase of 7.8% on 2018, and that growth was achieved across broadcast and public performance revenue, but international revenue had decreased from 2021. PPL is a member of the British Copyright Council (BCC). After administration costs and contributions to anti-piracy activities and music industry charities—all of which are agreed by

7632-423: The overseas collective management organisations with which PPL has a reciprocal agreement. PPL's repertoire covers the vast majority of recorded music commercially available in the UK. The database is the core of PPL's business and the main interface with its registered members. The database holds all the information required to both license the music and to distribute collected licenses to PPL's members. It contains

7738-503: The performer could be eligible for royalties. This includes lead singers, choir members and musicians who have contributed to a recording, and could be eligible for PPL royalties. Inaudible contributions such as a conductor are also eligible. The equitable remuneration percentage paid to performers varies as defined in PPL UK Distribution Rules, Schedule 5: Performer Allocation Rules with featured performers receiving

7844-624: The previous week, the service was available in 113 countries. The publication further wrote that those countries accounted for 59 regions that competing service Spotify did not. In August 2016, Apple Music was launched in Israel and South Korea. On April 21, 2020, Apple announced that Apple Music would be expanding to an additional 52 countries around the world bringing the total to 167 worldwide. In January 2016, Fortune reported that, six months after launching, Apple Music had reached 10 million paying subscribers, having spent six months reaching

7950-516: The price of its student plan, available for eligible college students, from $ 4.99 to $ 5.99 per month in the U.S. It represented the first price increase for any plan since Apple Music's launch in the country. Similar price increases also occurred to student plans in the U.K. and Canada at the same time. On October 24, 2022, Apple announced it was to increase pricing of standard Apple Music subscriptions (along with Apple TV+ and Apple One ) in many regions. The Individual plan increased $ 1 to $ 10.99/month,

8056-520: The report referenced a Twitter user describing Apple's efforts as "content marketing". In July 2016, Apple bought Carpool Karaoke from The Late Late Show with James Corden , with Variety writing that Apple was planning to distribute the series through Apple Music. Apple's adaptation of the series was originally supposed to premiere in April 2017, but was delayed without explanation. The series instead premiered on August 8, 2017. In January 2017, The Wall Street Journal reported that Apple

8162-597: The right to a single equitable remuneration for the direct or indirect use of phonograms published for commercial purposes for broadcasting or for any communication to the public". When performers were granted the right to equitable remuneration through legislation, streaming services such as YouTube , Spotify and Apple Music did not exist and there is still no statutory right to remuneration for artist and performers when their performances are exploited by streaming services. Unlike its German counterpart GVL , PPL do not collect Secondary Exploitation Rights for performers; in

8268-483: The right to receive "equitable remuneration" where recordings of their performances were played in public or broadcast and until 2006, these rights were collected for performers by Performing Artists' Media Rights Association Ltd (PAMRA) and Association of United Recording Artists (AURA) for non-featured and featured performers respectively. Article 15 of the WPPT reads; "Performers and producers of phonograms shall enjoy

8374-411: The rights for recorded music that is broadcast or played in public in the UK can join PPL as a recording rights-holder member. This can include major record labels, independent labels, self-releasing artists or companies that have purchased the relevant rights. Anyone who has performed on recorded music can join PPL as a performer member. If an audible contribution has been made to a recorded music track,

8480-412: The same class of works’. This effectively creates a monopoly and mandates that only one copyright society can exist in a particular industry. This ensures concentration of bargaining power and equal terms of royalty in an industry. Copyright societies have to renew their registration under section 33 every five years and its registration can be cancelled at any time if the central government feels like it

8586-702: The same customer base that took competing music streaming service Spotify six years. This customer base increased to 11 million subscribers in February, 13 million in April, 15 million in June, 17 million in September, 20 million in December, 27 million in June 2017, 36 million in February 2018, 38 million in March 2018 (just five weeks after the previous milestone ), 40 million in April 2018, 50 million as of May 2018, 56 million as of December 2018, and 60 million as of June 2019. Apple Music's biggest competition

8692-460: The service is heavily integrated into Apple's own in-house services such as their personal voice assistant Siri as well as their audio and video streaming protocol AirPlay . As of late 2019, users also have the ability to access the full version of Apple Music through an Apple-designed web player in beta. Apple Music's interface consists of five tabs: "Library", "Home" (Formerly: "Listen Now"), "Browse", "Radio", and "Search". The "Library" tab shows

8798-460: The service to be the "tipping point" to accelerate the growth of streaming, along with arguing that Apple has "$ 178 billion dollars in the bank. And they have 800 million credit cards in iTunes." as opposed to Spotify , which "never really advertised because it's never been profitable". Morris further argued that "Apple will promote this like crazy and I think that will have a halo effect on the streaming business. A rising tide will lift all boats. It's

8904-543: The service was discontinued. In May 2016, a student membership was announced, that discounted the regular price of a subscription by 50%. The student plan was initially only available for eligible students in the United States, United Kingdom, Germany, Denmark, Ireland, Australia, and New Zealand, but was expanded to an additional 25 countries in November 2016. In February 2016, Music Business Worldwide reported that, with Apple Music having launched in Turkey and Taiwan in

9010-419: The service, thus allowing them to follow other users and see what music their followers are listening to. Users also have the ability to view their most played songs, artists, and albums of the entire year through a feature called Apple Music Replay, accessible on the "Listen Now" tab. This feature tracks listening times down to the minute giving users accurate information on how much they may have listened to

9116-542: The signature " one more thing... " reveal at Apple's conference. Hip hop artist Drake appeared onstage at the announcement event to elaborate on how he used the Connect platform, and Apple subsequently emphasized how " Independent music can share their music on Connect, too", in contrast to the iTunes Store , where small, independent artists were finding it difficult to participate. Apple Music launched on June 30, 2015, in 100 countries. Earlier, new users used to receive

9222-455: The song they are listening to through the now playing card, which displays the song's lyrics live in sync with the time while it plays to the user. Each artist page includes a profile banner and a "Play" button which automatically creates a radio station based around the artist. Artist pages also include sections for their featured releases, albums, singles, top songs, and background information. Apple Music users can create their own profile on

9328-408: The statement that "Apple Music's redesign is a huge improvement over its previous incarnation, and a clear sign that Apple is listening to its customers". However, another Macworld editor, Oscar Raymundo, criticized the new design, writing that "Apple Music in iOS 10 is not as elegant or intuitive as Apple promised. The music service added more needless options, key actions like repeat got buried, and

9434-457: The tariffs decided by BMI were for blanket licenses and therefore amounted to price fixing. The court held in this case that the actions of PROs were not anti competitive as there was no bar on obtaining licenses from individual copyright holders. Digitisation and internet based music streaming services have majorly changed the music industry and the US copyright law has changed majorly to accommodate such innovation. Music Modernization Act (MMA)

9540-435: The trial period, saying it struggled "to see why rights owners and artists should bear this aspect of Apple's customer acquisition costs". The day after Swift's letter, Apple Senior Vice President of Internet Software and Services Eddy Cue announced on Twitter that Apple had changed its policy, and that Apple Music "will pay artists for streaming, even during customers' free trial period". On Twitter, Swift wrote "After

9646-642: The use of copyrighted works abroad, societies enter into MoUs or international licensing agreements with their foreign counterparts in the industry and exchange information regarding the use of copyrighted materials. Collecting societies can sell blanket licences, which grant the right to perform their catalogue for a period of time. Such a licence might for example provide a broadcaster with a single annual authorisation encompassing thousands of songs owned by thousands of composers, lyricists and publishers. The societies also sell individual licenses for users who reproduce and distribute music. For example, Apple must submit

9752-448: The use of the musical composition and lyrics on behalf of authors, songwriters, composers, and publishers. Video Performance Ltd , incorporated 23 May 1984, is a private limited company the PPL's website states is as a "sister company" but it is a separate legal entity. VPL licenses music videos when they are played in public or broadcast on television. VPL distributes the fees as royalties to its rights-holder members whose names appear on

9858-501: The user's music collection, with options to view songs by "Playlists", "Artists", "Albums", "Songs", or "Downloaded Music". Below these options, the tab also shows music recently added to the user's library. The "Home" tab recommends music for the user based on their music tastes. Human expert selections supplement the algorithmic curation, while users are able to "Like" and "Dislike" songs to further improve music suggestions. "Browse" shows new album releases from artists, playlists curated by

9964-414: The user's preference. The radio feature in Apple Music allows users to skip songs, view previously played songs on the station, as well as view songs playing next. The "Search" tab features a search box where users can search for artists, albums, Apple Music users, or songs by name or by lyrics. Below the search box, a list of recent user searches and overall trending searches on the service are shown. When

10070-402: The various human-curated radio stations and the accuracy of the curated playlists recommended to users in the "For Me" section. The author concluded saying "[The] For Me section alone has made me excited about music for the first time in a long time." Sam Machkovech of Ars Technica wrote that Apple's emphasis on unsigned artist participation in the Connect feature could be an effort to restore

10176-477: The works of all the authors dealing in that particular industry. The tariffs decided by copyright societies are based on the kind of event or venue of the licensee and usually allow the licensee to access the entire repertoire of works available with the copyright society. The royalty distributed to the owners is based on their market influence and demand for their works. Reduction of transaction costs and other benefits of collective management can be realised only when

10282-596: Was against the law to play the record in public without first receiving the permission of the copyright owners. The judge agreed, establishing this as a legal principle. EMI and Decca formed Phonographic Performance Ltd (PPL) to carry out this licensing role, and opened the first office in London. The Copyright Act 1956 led to the expansion of PPL's role to also cover the licensing of broadcasters that played recorded music. Further copyright law changes in 1988 strengthened PPL's licensing position. In 1996, performers were given

10388-413: Was announced that Apple Music would be the exclusive home to Sean Combs 's documentary "Can't Stop, Won't Stop: A Bad Boy Story", which premiered June 25. On the same day, Bloomberg Businessweek reported that artist Will.i.am would make a reality show for Apple Music, in an effort to turn the service into a "one-stop shop for pop culture". The reality show was later revealed to be called Planet of

10494-547: Was exploring original video content, including its own television series and movies. A few days later, Apple Music executive Jimmy Iovine confirmed the reports about the move towards video, and in February, he announced that Apple Music would launch its first two television-style series in 2017, with the aim to turn Apple Music into a "cultural platform". In March, The Information reported that Apple had recently hired several people to help evolve its video platform, including YouTube product manager Shiva Rajaraman. In April, it

10600-686: Was included in the Apple One bundle along with several other Apple services such as News, iCloud, Arcade, and TV Plus. On May 17, 2021, Apple announced that Apple Music would begin offering lossless audio via the ALAC codec in June 2021, along with music mixed in Dolby Atmos , all at no additional cost to Apple Music subscribers. In July 2021, the Android version of the app also received support for lossless and spatial audio with Dolby Atmos , though

10706-449: Was known to be opposed to the idea of music subscription services. When Apple bought audio equipment maker Beats Electronics in 2014, Apple gained ownership of Beats' own service Beats Music , and made Beats Music CEO Ian Rogers responsible for the iTunes Radio service. Business Insider later reported that Apple was planning to merge the two services. Apple also hired noted New Zealand born British radio DJ Zane Lowe to serve as

10812-500: Was planned for a "fall" 2015 launch. A previously unreleased song by Pharrell Williams , entitled " Freedom ", was used in promotional material and announced as an exclusive release on the launch of the service. The "History of Sound" advert for the launch of the Apple Music service was soundtracked by the tune There Is No Light by Wildbirds & Peacedrums , from their 2009 album The Snake . Upon its launch, Beats Music subscriptions and playlists were migrated to Apple Music, and

10918-421: Was previously registered as a copyright society under S.33 of the Copyright Act but now mentions on its website that it licenses and transfers copyrights under S.18 and S.30 and functions as a company registered under the Companies Act 2013 . PPL represents producers and record companies and is a major licensor of music to events and establishments. The ISRA and IPRS are registered copyright societies under S. 33 of

11024-411: Was revealed that Taylor Swift is the most streamed female artist in the platform's history as well as the female artist with most songs reaching Global Daily Top 100. It was also revealed that Midnights stands as the biggest album of all time by a female artist in the platform's history by first-day and first-week streams worldwide. On November 28, 2023, it was announced that in 2023, Taylor Swift

11130-530: Was signed by President Donald Trump on 11 October 2018 as the Orrin G. Hatch-Bob Goodlatte Music Modernization Act of 2018. The MMA streamlines the music licensing process in order to make it easier for copyright holders to get paid when their music is streamed online through services like Spotify, Pandora and Apple Music. Songwriters and artists will receive royalties on songs recorded before 1972 and this will ensure that songwriters are paid by streaming services with

11236-538: Was the most listened-to artist by Apple Music subscribers, simultaneously setting a new all-time record for the most listeners for any artist in a single year. Apple Music allows users to stream over 100 million songs to their device on demand. The service offers curated playlists by music experts and recommendations tailored to a users music preference. The service provides three live 24-hour radio stations: Apple Music 1 (previously branded as Beats 1), led by DJ Zane Lowe , Apple Music Hits, and Apple Music Country, which

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