A personal cloud is a collection of digital content and services that are accessible from any device through the Internet. It is not a tangible entity, but a place that gives users the ability to store , synchronize, stream and share content on a relative core, moving from one platform , screen and location to another. Created on connected services and applications , it reflects and sets consumer expectations for how next-generation computing services will work.
56-451: ICloud is a cloud service operated by Apple Inc. Launched on October 12, 2011, iCloud enables users to store and sync data across devices, including Apple Mail , Apple Calendar , Apple Photos , Apple Notes , contacts, settings, backups, and files, to collaborate with other users, and track assets through Find My . It is built into iOS , iPadOS , watchOS , tvOS , macOS , and visionOS . iCloud may additionally be accessed through
112-615: A Mac using OS X Lion 10.7 or later. Users can pay monthly for additional storage for a total of 50 GB, 200 GB or 2 TB . Starting in September 2023, storage options for 6 TB and 12 TB have been added. The amount of storage is shared across all devices per iCloud Apple ID . Several native features of iCloud use each user's iCloud storage allowance, specifically, Backup and restore, and email, Contacts, and Calendars. On Macs, users can also store most filetypes into iCloud folders of their choosing, rather than only storing them locally on
168-488: A class-action lawsuit alleging that it had misled users by storing data on non-Apple servers. iCloud is a free service, and comes with 5 GB of cloud storage. Users can subscribe to iCloud+ for additional storage up to 2 TB (or 4 TB for users of Apple One Premier plan who also buy an additional 2 TB of storage). Some of iCloud's features are accessible not only through apps built into iOS, iPadOS, watchOS, tvOS and macOS but also on iCloud.com. These include: iCloud
224-626: A custom domain name and invite family members to use the same domain with their iCloud Mail accounts. In 2013, as part of the Snowden revelations , The Washington Post and The Guardian reported on leaked NSA documents which showed that iCloud was part of the NSA 's PRISM surveillance program, along with other cloud services. According to the documents, the NSA could access emails, chats, photos and videos, and stored files. The documents specifically stated that
280-875: A device that was recently added to their iCloud account, in order to prevent hackers from locking users out of their files by enabling encryption. Apple started scanning images sent via iCloud Mail for child pornography in 2019. On August 5, 2021, Apple confirmed it had planned to start scanning iCloud Photos for the same reason. However, after receiving a public backlash against scanning unencrypted unuploaded photos, Apple backed down from its plans to scan iCloud Photos, and canceled them altogether in December 2022. In February 2018, Apple announced that iCloud users in China would have their data, including encryption data, on servers called "Cloud Guizhou" (in Chinese "云上贵州") located in
336-468: A limited web interface and Windows application. iCloud offers users 5 GB of free storage which may be upgraded through optional paid plans to up to 12 TB; all paid plans include iCloud+ providing additional features. Optional end-to-end encryption has been available since 2022 for all iCloud data, except Calendar, Contacts, and Mail, which rely on legacy sync technologies for compatibility with third-party apps ( CalDAV , CardDAV , IMAP ). As of 2018,
392-404: A maximum of 50 GB in file size (earlier it was 15 GB). This allows users to start their work on one device and continue on another device. By default, users still get 5 GB of storage for free as previously, but the expandable storage plans available have increased in size (current tiers: 50 GB, 200 GB, and 2 TB), and altered to monthly subscription payment options from
448-427: A person's device on a map and can receive directions to the person's location. Notifications can be set, alerting a user when someone leaves or arrives at a set location. Users can find the location of their Apple devices and play a sound on the device at maximum volume. A device can also be marked as lost, locking the device with a password and suspending sensitive features such as Apple Wallet . Lost mode also allows
504-615: A service Apple called iTunes in the Cloud , allowing the user to automatically, or manually if preferred, re-download any of their previous purchases on to a Mac, PC, or iOS device. Downloaded (or streamed, provided the user is connected to the Internet) iTunes Store content can be used across all these devices, however, while Apple Books Store and App Store content can be downloaded to Macs and PCs for syncing to iOS devices, only iOS and Mac devices (and their respective apps) can be used to read
560-514: A stolen or lost iPhone when covered with AppleCare+ with theft and loss coverage, Find My must be active on the user's device. With the release of iOS 14.3, third-party Bluetooth items and accessories with support for the Find My network accessory program can also be tracked, under a separate "Items" tab. If something is lost but out of Bluetooth range, the app will display the last known location until another iOS , iPadOS , or macOS device
616-453: A user to leave a message and contact information on the lock screen of the device. A user can also choose to erase a device, deleting all content and settings, which is useful if the device contains sensitive information; however, the device can no longer be located after this action is performed. After the erase is complete, the message can still be displayed and the device will be activation locked. This makes it hard for someone to use or sell
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#1732798667195672-448: A user's content counts as part of their iCloud storage allowance. Apple can keep a permanent track of every purchase a user makes under their Apple ID account, and by associating each piece of content with the user, it means only one copy of every Store item is needed to be kept on Apple's servers. For items bought from the iTunes Store (music, music videos, movies, TV shows), Apple Books Store (books), or App Store (iOS apps), this uses
728-409: A week after launch. It received early criticism for bugs, especially with Core Data syncing. These issues were addressed in iOS 7 and OS X Mavericks . At launch, iCloud was partly hosted on Amazon Web Services and Microsoft Azure . In 2016, Apple replaced Azure with Google Cloud Platform . In 2021, The Information reported that Apple was storing 8 million TB of data on Google's cloud, and
784-585: Is also built-in as a backend to many Apple apps and system features, where it can sync users' data and settings. This includes: Third-party iOS and macOS app developers can implement iCloud functionality in their apps through the iCloud API . iCloud allows users to back up the settings and data on iOS devices running iOS 5 or later. Data backed up includes photos and videos in the Camera Roll, device settings, app data, messages (iMessage, SMS, and MMS), ringtones, and Visual Voicemails. Backups occur daily when
840-426: Is an asset tracking service made by Apple Inc. that enables users to track the location of iOS , iPadOS , macOS , watchOS , visionOS , tvOS devices, AirPods , AirTags , and a number of supported third-party accessories through a connected iCloud account. Users can also show their primary device's geographic location to others, and can view the location of others who choose to share their location. Find My
896-607: Is because iCloud Keychain uses " end-to-end encryption ", meaning that iCloud Keychain backups are designed so that the provider does not have access to unencrypted data. This is accomplished through the use of a novel "key vault" design based on a Hardware Security Module located in Apple's data centers. iTunes Match debuted on November 14, 2011. It was initially available to US users only. For an annual fee, customers can scan and match tracks in their iTunes music library, including tracks copied from CDs or other sources, with tracks in
952-514: Is nearby. Similar to Apple's own devices, third-party items can be placed into a "lost mode" which prevents others from pairing to the device. Lost items can be identified from within the Find My app, allowing a user to see a message or contact information from the owner of the lost item. AirTags also use ultra-wideband technology to find lost items (if the Apple device used for searching supports it). Find My, as well as its predecessor Find My Friends, raised privacy issues arising from tracking
1008-500: Is remote storage that is accessed over the Internet as if it were local. A cloud NAS is often used for backups and archiving. One of the benefits of NAS Cloud is that data in the cloud can be accessed at any time from anywhere. The main drawback, however, is that the speed of the transfer rate is only as fast as the network connection the data is accessed over and can therefore be fairly slow. In many ways cloud servers work in
1064-414: Is sometimes referred to as the public cloud . It is the cloud computing model where online resources like software and data storage are made available over the Internet. Typically, an individual or organization has little control over the ecosystem in which the online cloud is hosted, and the core infrastructure is shared between many individuals and organizations. The data and applications provided by
1120-801: The Apple Books apps, and nor does the metadata from non-Apple purchased books (in Ebook or PDF format). There remains a syncing mismatch on some types of media, between Apple-purchased content and non-Apple purchased content that remains in effect for iCloud users. iCloud Drive is iCloud's file hosting service , that syncs files across devices running iOS 8 , OS X Yosemite (version 10.10), or Windows 7 or later, plus online web app access via iCloud.com. Users can store any kind of file (including photos, videos, documents, music, and other apps' data) in iCloud Drive and access it on any Mac , iPad , iPhone , iPod Touch , or Windows PC , with any single file being
1176-449: The Mac. On January 28, 2016, ad-free iTunes Radio was discontinued and is therefore no longer part of iTunes Match. As of March 26, 2014, iTunes Match is available in 116 countries, while iTunes in the Cloud is available in 155 countries. During the 2013 Apple Worldwide Developers Conference (WWDC) keynote speech, iWork for iCloud was announced for release at the same time as
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#17327986671951232-508: The Music app, both on portable iOS devices and Apple TV (2nd generation onwards), as well as inside the iTunes app on Macintosh and Windows computers. It will be included in an ad-free version for subscribers to the iTunes Match service and is currently available only in the US and Australia The streaming Genius shuffle is not available in current versions of iOS but is available in iTunes on
1288-571: The Philippines. Up to 5% of Misplaced Pages editors globally could be negatively affected by using Private Relay, because Misplaced Pages blocks ranges of IP addresses to combat page vandalism. Hide My Email is available to iCloud+ users and allows users in Mail and Safari to generate temporary Apple email addresses which forward messages to their main email address. Custom Email Domain, an iCloud+ feature, allows users to personalize their email address with
1344-711: The QuickType keyboard, Safari history, tab groups, and iCloud tabs, Screen Time, Siri information, Wi-Fi passwords, and W1 and H1 Bluetooth keys. However, if iCloud Backup is enabled, the encryption key for Messages in iCloud is part of the backup, allowing Apple to access users' entire iMessage history if served with a search warrant. On December 7, 2022, Apple announced Advanced Data Protection for iCloud, an option to enable end-to-end encryption for almost all iCloud data including Backups, Notes, Photos, and more. The only data classes that are ineligible for Advanced Data Protection are Mail, Contacts, and Calendars, in order to preserve
1400-429: The ability to sync third-party clients with IMAP , CardDAV or CalDAV . The feature became available to U.S. customers on December 13 with the release of iOS/iPadOS 16.2 and macOS 13.1, and was expanded to the rest of the world on January 23, 2023, with iOS/iPadOS 16.3 and macOS 13.2. Users must upgrade to these versions to be able to enable the feature. Apple prevents users from enabling Advanced Data Protection from
1456-401: The amount of local storage each device needs to use to store photos (particularly those with smaller storage capacities) by storing lower-resolution versions on the device, with the user having the option to keep some/all stored locally at a higher resolution. Since its introduction in 2011, each account has 5 GB of free storage for owners of either an iOS device using iOS 5.x or later, or
1512-646: The books. Similarly, macOS apps purchased from the Mac App Store are also linked to the Apple ID they were purchased through and can be downloaded to any Mac using the same Apple ID. Also, when a user registers any new device, all previously bought Store content can be downloaded from the Store servers or non-Store content from the iCloud servers. Audiobooks and their metadata fields from non-Apple purchased sources are not synced across devices (macOS or iOS) inside
1568-644: The country to comply with local regulations. This raised concerns from human rights activists who claim that it may be used to track dissidents . In response, CEO Tim Cook stated that Apple encryption was "the same in every country in the world," including China. On June 7, 2021, during the WWDC event, Apple announced that iCloud's new 'private relay' feature would not work in China for regulatory reasons. Personal cloud The four primary types of personal cloud in use today are: Online cloud, NAS device cloud, server device cloud, and home-made clouds. The online cloud
1624-519: The customers' iCloud storage account, leaving the original higher quality local files in their original format. If a user stops paying for the iTunes Match service, all copies of the DRM-free AAC iTunes Store versions of tracks that have already been downloaded onto any device can be kept, whether on iOS devices or computers. From iOS 7 and OS X Mavericks , the iTunes Radio function will be available across devices, including integration with
1680-405: The data was collected through "equipment installed at company-controlled locations". The Washington Post further stated that Apple, like the other companies, was aware of the program and was a willing participant. Apple denied having ever heard of the program. In 2014, some celebrities' nude photos were leaked ; these photos had been synced to iCloud by the celebrities' iPhones. Apple denied that
1736-405: The device is locked and connected to Wi-Fi and a power source. In case of a malfunction of any Apple device, during the restoration process, iCloud offers to restore all data along with App data only if the device was synced to iCloud and backed up. Prior to iOS and iPadOS 13, Find my iPhone and Find My Friends stored data in iCloud before merging into Find My . Find My enables users to track
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1792-429: The device. An Apple ID password is required to turn off Find My, sign out of iCloud, erase the device, or reactivate a device after an activation lock. Since iOS 15, Apple added a feature to locate an iPhone 11 or later for up to 5 hours after the battery is nominally drained, or up to 24 if it was powered off manually by the user (iPhone SE models excluded), through the power reserve feature. To be eligible to claim on
1848-494: The end of their filenames. Messages on iCloud is a feature on iOS 11.4 and macOS High Sierra 10.13.5 which keeps all of a user's iMessages and SMS texts stored in the cloud. Private Relay, an iCloud+ feature, allows users to browse Safari privately, similar to a virtual private network . According to Apple, "regulatory reasons" prevent the company from launching Private Relay in China, Belarus, Russia, Colombia, Egypt, Kazakhstan, Saudi Arabia, South Africa, Turkmenistan, Uganda, and
1904-472: The hack was caused by a security flaw in iCloud, and said that the leaks were the result of phishing , a targeted attack in which the celebrities were tricked by hackers into revealing their account passwords. Some iCloud data is end-to-end encrypted by default. As of January 2022, these include: Apple Card transactions, Health data, Home data, iCloud Keychain, Apple Maps favorites, collections, and search history, Memoji, Messages in iCloud, vocabulary learned by
1960-434: The home-made cloud is that in order to set it up a user has to have a certain degree of skills in technology and network setup. This solution is not for novices and average consumers. If this setup is not done by a tech expert the biggest issue will be security and leaving the files accessible to anyone with technical knowledge. Not every router supports this type of access and modification. Find My iPhone Find My
2016-401: The iTunes Store, so customers do not have to repurchase said tracks. Customers may download up to 100,000 tracks in 256 kbit/s DRM -free AAC file format that matches tracks in any supported audio file formats in customers' iTunes libraries, including ALAC and MP3 . Customers also have the choice to keep their original copies stored on their computers or have them replaced by copies from
2072-424: The iTunes Store. Any music not available in the iTunes Store is uploaded for download onto customers' other supported devices and computers; doing this will not take storage from the customers' iCloud's storage allowance. Any such tracks stored in the higher quality lossless audio ALAC, or original uncompressed PCM formats, WAV and AIFF , are transcoded to 256 kbit/s DRM-free AAC format before uploading to
2128-469: The location of iOS, iPadOS, macOS, watchOS devices, AirPods , AirTags and a number of supported third-party accessories through a connected iCloud account. A user can see the device's approximate location on a map (along with a circle depicting the margin of error ), display a message and/or play a sound on the device (even if it is set to silent), and remotely erase its contents. Users can also share their GPS locations to others with Apple devices and view
2184-478: The location of others who choose to share their location. The Send Last Location feature, which utilizes iCloud, can be optionally enabled to automatically send the location of the device to Apple when the battery is low. iCloud Keychain is a password manager developed by Apple that syncs passwords across devices and suggests secure ones when creating new accounts. iCloud Keychain backups provide different security guarantees than traditional iCloud backups. This
2240-424: The machine. While Photo Stream uses the iCloud servers, usage does not come out of the user's iCloud storage allowance. This is also true for iTunes Match music content, even for music that is not sold in the iTunes Store and which gets uploaded into iCloud storage, it does not count against the user's allowance. Other apps can optionally integrate app storage out of the user's iCloud storage allowance. Not all of
2296-449: The more technologically proficient user a common solution for using a personal cloud is to create a home-made cloud system by connecting an external USB hard drive to a Wi-Fi router . This enables both wired and wireless computers to access the USB hard drive and use it for storage or for retrieving files a user needs to share on the network thereby acting like a cloud. The challenge for
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2352-399: The next version of the app versions of iWork later in the year. The three apps for both iOS and macOS that form Apple's iWork suite ( Pages , Numbers , and Keynote ), will be made available on a web interface (named as Pages for iCloud, Numbers for iCloud, and Keynote for iCloud respectively), and accessed via the iCloud website under each user's iCloud Apple ID login. They will also sync with
2408-399: The release of iOS 13 and macOS 10.15 Catalina , the functionality of both Find My iPhone and Find My Friends was combined into a single application, simply titled Find My. Find My allows users to share their device locations to contacts with an iOS , iPadOS , or macOS device for an hour, until the end of the day, or indefinitely. Once shared, others are able to see the exact location of
2464-516: The same way as physical servers but the functions they perform can be very different. Typically, the cloud server is an on-premises device that is connected to the Internet and gives users the functions available on the online cloud but with the added benefit and security of the files being in their control on their premises. The server cloud has been historically enterprise-based deployed by businesses needing an in-house cloud. However, there are also in-house options available for individual users. For
2520-442: The server after 30 days or when it becomes photo number 1,001 in the user's stream. Photo Stream installed on a Mac or Windows desktop computer includes an option to have all photos permanently saved on that device. The service also integrated with Apple TV , allowing users to view their recent photos wirelessly on their HDTV . In May 2023, Apple announced the discontinuation of Photo Stream, with uploads turned off on June 26, and
2576-462: The service had an estimated 850 million users, up from 782 million users in 2016. iCloud was announced on May 31, 2011, in a press release. On June 6, 2011, during the WWDC 2011 keynote, Steve Jobs announced that iCloud would replace MobileMe , which had been widely seen as a "failure", a fact which Steve Jobs acknowledged during the announcement. iCloud was released on October 12, 2011, and MobileMe
2632-404: The service provider are logically segregated so that only those authorized are allowed access. A network-attached storage (NAS) device is a computer connected to a network that provides only file-based data storage services to other devices on the network. Although it may technically be possible to run other software on a NAS device, it is not designed to be a general purpose server. Cloud NAS
2688-411: The service turned off on July 26. iCloud Photos is a feature on iOS 8.1 or later and OS X Yosemite (version 10.10) or later, plus web app access. The service stores all of the user's photos, maintaining their original resolution and metadata. Users can access their iCloud Photos on supported devices via the new Photos app when available or via the iCloud Photos web app at iCloud.com, which helps limit
2744-423: The user's iOS and macOS versions of the app, should they have them, again via their iCloud Apple ID . This allows the user to edit and create documents on the web, using one of the supported browsers: Safari , Chrome , and Microsoft Edge . It also means that Microsoft Windows users now have access to these native –previously only Apple device– document editing tools, via the web interface . Photo Stream
2800-523: The yearly ones offered under the previous MobileMe service. In iOS 11 , iCloud Drive has been integrated into the new Files app that gives users access to all their cloud and local on-device storage, which replaced the standalone iCloud Drive app. According to computer scientist Malcolm Hall, certain file types are automatically excluded from iCloud Drive and will not be uploaded. These exclusions include Aperture and Photos libraries. Users can also manually exclude files or folders by appending .nosync to
2856-423: Was a service supplied with the basic iCloud service which allows users to store the most recent 1,000 photos on the iCloud servers for up to 30 days free of charge. When a photo is taken on a device with Photo Stream enabled, it automatically uploaded to iCloud servers. From there, it become available for viewing and saving on the rest of the user's Photo Stream-enabled devices. The photo was automatically removed from
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#17327986671952912-435: Was added to OS X 10.7 Lion . "Find My Friends" was announced on October 4, 2011, the day before Steve Jobs ’ death, and released on October 12, 2011, several hours before the release of iOS 5 . In October 2015, Find My Friends was added to iCloud.com to view the location of friends from a web browser. In iOS 9, both Find My iPhone and Find My Friends became built-in apps, and thus could not be removed from devices. With
2968-508: Was announced on June 10, 2009 and released in June 2010 alongside iPhone OS 3 . At the time, it required a paid subscription to Apple's MobileMe service. It was made free of charge with the iOS 4.2.1 update on November 22, 2010, but only for devices introduced in 2010. With the release of iCloud in October 2011, the service became free for all users. A Mac version called "Find My Mac"
3024-404: Was discontinued on June 30, 2012. Previous MobileMe users could keep their @mac.com and @me.com email addresses as aliases to their new @icloud.com address. Earlier versions included Back to My Mac , which was previously part of MobileMe . This service allowed users to create point-to-point connections between computers. It was discontinued on July 1, 2019. iCloud had 20 million users within
3080-593: Was on track to spend $ 300 million that year. Apple also operates its own data centers, including one in Maiden , North Carolina . In June 2019, iCloud was introduced to Windows 10 via the Microsoft Store . In June 2021, Apple introduced iCloud+, which added Private Relay, Hide My Email and Custom Email Domain to paid users of the services, as well as an unlimited storage limit for video from cameras added through HomeKit Secure Video. In March 2022, Apple settled
3136-467: Was released alongside iOS 13 on September 19, 2019, merging the functions of the former Find My iPhone (known on Mac computers as Find My Mac) and Find My Friends into a single app. On watchOS, Find My is separated into three different applications: Find Devices , Find People and Find Items . After release on iOS , Find My was released on iPadOS 13.1 on September 24, 2019 and macOS 10.15 on October 7, 2019. The original "Find My iPhone" app
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