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77-632: Shorty Rossi, a talent manager of Shortywood Productions, developed a passion for pit bulls when he was a teenager. Because of this, he created "Shorty's Rescue." Its main purpose: to rescue and rehabilitate pit bulls, the most misunderstood breed of dogs in the Greater Los Angeles area. Shorty enlisted the help of Sebastian, Ashley, and Ronald. Throughout the series, Shorty and his crew overcome many perils while carrying out their rescue efforts. Shorty's Rescue relies heavily on donations, so they host car washes, pet expos, etc., to raise money. In

154-541: A ' puppy love' potion, however, and Alcott becomes devoted to her like a puppy. Because of this, he agrees to marry her. Using dark magic , the Mirror Queen attacks Snow White and the dwarfs with two giant marionettes , but she defeats them by cutting their strings. On the day of her wedding, Clementianna arrives to find that Snow White and the dwarfs have raided the party and abducted Alcott. For her inability to handle bandits and for lying about Snow White's death,

231-780: A 2007 study suggested this may relate to the popularity of the breed, noting that sled dogs, such as Siberian Huskies , were involved in a majority of fatal dog attacks in some areas of Canada. Bite statistics by breed are no longer tracked by the CDC, and are discouraged by the AVMA and the American Society for the Prevention of Cruelty to Animals (ASPCA). Pit bulls were originally developed from dogs that were bred for bull baiting and dog fighting. Pit bull attacks are often perceived as taking place "without warning", possibly due to

308-635: A connection between breed of dog and aggression towards humans, the difficulty of classifying dog attacks by specific breed after the fact has made this point controversial and debated. Violent interactions between humans and canines have been studied by the U.S. government, notably the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC), as well as academic veterinary researchers. The interpretation of these studies, breed identification and relevance issues, and variable circumstances have given rise to intense controversy. Additionally, researchers on both sides of

385-508: A dilemma: whilst not wishing to condone dogfighting, there was a desire to recognize a uniquely American dog breed for which over 30 years of breed records existed. The solution was to recognize Pit Bull Terriers under a different name and prohibit these dogs from being used in organized fights, and in 1935 the American Kennel Club recognized Pit Bull Terriers as Staffordshire Terriers. The name "Staffordshire Bull Terrier"

462-499: A disproportionate rate of bite incidents. Dog bite severity varies by the breed of dog, and studies have found that pit bull–type dogs have both a high rate of reported bites and a high rate of severe injuries, compared to other non–pit bull–type dogs. Pit bull–type dogs are extensively used in the United States for dog fighting, a practice that has continued despite being outlawed. Several nations and jurisdictions restrict

539-418: A dog about to be euthanized at a shelter. The team tries to help a man who is struggling to make ends meet keep his pooch. Meanwhile, Ronald is unhappy about a job that involves wearing a crawfish costume. Actress Linda Blair helps Shorty after he rescues 10 puppies; the team has difficulty finding a home for a rambunctious pit bull. An abandoned pit bull is left at Shorty's office and Ashley tries to find

616-527: A dog's tendencies. Homeowners and renters insurance policies typically provide liability coverage from US$ 100,000–300,000 for injuries inflicted by dogs; however, some insurance companies limit their exposure to dog bite liability claims by putting restrictions on dog owners that they insure. These restrictions include refusing to cover dog bites under the insurance policy, increasing insurance rates for homeowners with specific breeds, requiring owners of specific breeds to take special training or have their dogs pass

693-459: A dwarf who chuckles a lot; Lisa Roberts Gillan as Mirror Queen, the reflection of Queen Clementianna who is much wiser, kinder, and somewhat younger than her; Frank Welker as the voice of the Beast, a chimeric creature with a lion-like head, the antlers of a deer, chicken leg-like arms, the wings of an eagle, and the body and tail of a snake with a tail-claw at the end of the tail; Alex Ivanovici as

770-551: A higher prevalence and severity of injuries compared with other breeds. A 2020 literature review in Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery found that from 1971 to 2018 of all pure breed dogs in the United States, pit bull–type breeds were second, behind the German Shepherd , and ahead of Labradors , Chow Chows , and Rottweilers (in that order) for the most bites severe enough to require hospital treatment. The study found that

847-496: A home for it. Meanwhile, Shorty takes his dog to an audition and must convince the director that a pit bull can play the role. In the first-season finale, Shorty organizes a fund-raiser to offset the cost of his dog rescues. Elsewhere, Ronald loses his cool with an acting coach. Shorty goes to extreme measures to save three pit bulls trapped in a house. Meanwhile, Sebastian and Ashley strive to perform at their best after Ronald walks out. Six rescued pit bulls are living in crates in

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924-542: A live event, the type of work usually booked through Shortywood, through a contact who was a former Shortywood client and Shorty found out, Shorty felt he could no longer trust Sebastian and fired him at the end of "The Betrayal." At the end of the "Crossroads" episode, Sebastian was rehired after the first few rescues on season 5 went from bad to worse. Steven (Returned) – Resigned during the episode "Mending Fences". He has reappeared (rarely) in one or more episodes in season 6. Ashley – Resigned (gives two week's notice) during

1001-496: A major difference from the earlier versions, it's how this one has beefed-up roles for the seven dwarves, who here seem to be a merry band in search of Robin Hood. Nor do I recall earlier battles with a giant winged griffin." Ebert concluded his review by saying: "All of this is in place and looks great, but the dialogue is rather flat, the movie sort of boring, and there's not much energy in the two places it should really be felt: Between

1078-406: A monster known as "the Beast." Showing deep care and concern for Snow White, Brighton spares her and requests that she run away from the Beast, before the latter collapses at the dwarfs' hideout. The dwarfs take her in, and introduce themselves as Will Grimm, Butcher, Wolf, Napoleon, Half Pint, Grub, and Chuck. When Brighton collects more taxes levied by Clementianna to pay for her expensive parties,

1155-466: A new employee for Shortywood. Shorty reunites with his estranged parents in Texas, but the outcome isn't exactly what he anticipated; Sebastian takes part in a troublesome rescue that ultimately leaves him and five pit bull puppies in an uncomfortable predicament, and enlists Ronald's help. Ronald makes a compelling argument to Shorty about why he deserves to have his job back. Shorty rehires Ronald, which

1232-563: A quarter of the agency's dog bite claims. The following table has a sampling of air carrier embargoes on pit bulls. Owning dogs like pit bulls and Rottweilers can be seen as a symbol of power or status symbol. Pit bulls have been cultural symbols in "urban ghettos" and a part of hip hop culture . According to the Anti-Defamation League , pit bulls have been adopted as a hate symbol by racist skinheads . The White supremacist group Keystone State Skinheads have used

1309-662: A result, many rental properties forbid pit bull–type dogs and any other breeds if the rental property's insurance will not cover damage inflicted by that type of dog. The dog breeds most often not covered by insurance companies include pit bull–type dogs, Rottweilers, German Shepherd Dogs, Doberman Pinschers , Akitas ( Akita Inu and American Akitas ), and Chow Chows . In 2013, Farmers Insurance notified policyholders in California that it would no longer cover bites by pit bulls, Rottweilers and wolf-dog hybrids . A spokeswoman for Farmers said that those groups account for more than

1386-623: A shelter multiple times and eventually euthanized. Whether pit bull adoptions fail more often than other types of dog due to breed behavioral traits, or due to public stigma, is not known, but in general the most common reasons why shelter dog adoptions fail are behavioral problems or incompatibility with the adopter's existing pets. Widely reported pit bull attacks have resulted in the enactment of breed-specific legislation (BSL) in several jurisdictions. In two cases, breed-specific bans have been reversed by city councils. Breed-specific legislation has been largely found to be ineffective at reducing

1463-887: A short strong lead, be muzzled, and wear a collar bearing the name and address of their owner in public at all times. In Germany the importation of pit bulls is banned. Despite being a banned breed, in 2023 there were 3,316 registered pit bull–type dogs in England and Wales , an increase over the 2,323 that were registered ten years earlier. The dogs are permitted under a system of exemptions that are contingent on owners complying with special rules, such as muzzling them in public and having liability insurance. Seventeen U.S. States prohibit local governments from enacting breed-specific ordinances: California, Colorado, Connecticut, Florida, Illinois, Maine, Massachusetts, Minnesota, Nevada, New Jersey, New York, Oklahoma, Pennsylvania, Rhode Island, South Dakota, Texas, Utah, and Virginia. Dog owners in

1540-582: A specific graphic of a pit bull as their logo. Pit bulls have appeared in American World War I propaganda . Pit bulls have appeared in the logos of Brown Shoe Company and Lagunitas Brewing Company . The above-mentioned Nipper appeared in the logo of RCA and HMV . In 2005, two American lawyers used a pit bull logo and the phone number 1-800-PIT-BULL in a television advertisement to convey that they were "especially fierce litigators". The Supreme Court of Florida ruled that this use

1617-436: A square-shaped head or bulky body type. A 2000 joint review project between researchers in the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC), Humane Society of the United States (HSUS) and American Veterinary Medical Association (AVMA) found the data indicated that Rottweilers and pit bull–type dogs accounted for 67% of human dog bite-related fatalities in the United States between 1997 and 1998, and followed with "It

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1694-491: A study might not find all relevant news reports, and the dog breed might be misidentified. However, after 2000 the CDC stopped tracking dog bites, and in 2001, Julie Gilchrist, a CDC pediatrician and epidemiologist, stated that part of the reason the CDC stopped collecting dog bite data was because "making meaningful analysis [of the data][was] nearly impossible". In a 2021 review of 19 retrospective dog bite studies from U.S. Level I trauma centers, pit bulls were found to inflict

1771-477: A sufficient number of quality homes for all of the canines he has rescued. A nighttime rescue in a deserted building in downtown Los Angeles goes horribly wrong when Sebastian is not able to hear Shorty's shouts for assistance; Shorty and his team go to great lengths to fulfill a young Make-A-Wish Foundation recipient's wish. Shorty goes to Denver to try to change the minds of lawmakers who have passed breed-specific legislation that bans pit bulls from being inside

1848-569: Is Clementianna. She cuts a piece from the apple with her father's dagger and hands it to her, who accepts defeat, takes the apple, and disappears. The Mirror Queen affirms it was Snow White's story after all before the Mirror House shatters. Snow White, Alcott, the King, and the dwarfs live happily ever after. Other cast members include Robert Emms as Charles Renbock, Prince Alcott's faithful valet and confidant; Danny Woodburn as Will Grimm,

1925-605: Is a masterpiece". He concluded the film is "the opposite of Tim Burton 's brash, chaotic, dispiritingly popular Alice in Wonderland : here, the artistry of the cast and crew leaps off the screen, not 3D computer graphics." On its opening day, Mirror Mirror made $ 5.8 million, coming in at the No. 3 spot behind The Hunger Games and Wrath of the Titans . For its opening weekend, the film earned $ 18.1 million while holding onto

2002-485: Is a poor sole predictor of dog bites. According to the AVMA, controlled studies have not identified pit bulls as disproportionately dangerous, but other studies have found that, compared with other dog breeds, pit bulls were more likely to inflict complex injuries, are more likely to attack unprovoked, and are more likely to go off property to do so. Pit bull–type dogs are more frequently identified with cases involving very severe injuries or fatalities than other breeds, but

2079-523: Is extremely unlikely that they accounted for anywhere near 60% of dogs in the United States during that same period and, thus, there appears to be a breed-specific problem with fatalities." Pit bull–type dogs were identified in approximately one-third of dog bite-related fatalities in the United States between 1981 and 1992. The review notes that studies on dog bite-related fatalities which collect information by surveying news reports are subject to potential errors, as some fatal attacks may not have been reported,

2156-414: Is introduced to Alcott and also smitten and decides to marry him for his wealth to solve the kingdom's financial troubles. She throws a ball to woo him; unbeknownst to her, Snow White secretly attends, planning to ask Alcott to help her regain her throne and restore the kingdom. Clementianna notices her and Alcott dancing and orders her manservant, Brighton, to take Snow White into the forest and feed her to

2233-478: Is no locking mechanism in a pit bull's jaws. Pit bull–type dogs, like other terriers, hunting and bull-baiting breeds, can exhibit a bite, hold, and shake behavior and at times refuse to release. Pit bulls also have wide skulls, well-developed facial muscles, and strong jaws, and some research suggests that pit bull bites are particularly serious because they tend to bite deeply and grind their molars into tissue. Breaking an ammonia ampule and holding it up to

2310-436: Is not fond of the breed; Sebastian and Ronald are given the opportunity to co-star in a major motion picture; Ashley gets stage fright prior to her improvisational performance. Shorty renews his commitment to hold a series of frequent pit bull-only adoption events. Meanwhile, Sebastian books a secret entertainment gig on the side to help pay for his new hearing aids and convinces Ronald and Ashley to help out. Amanda – Fired at

2387-738: Is sufficient for the enforcement of breed-specific legislation. Debates often center on whether apparent aggressive tendencies are the result of poor dog ownership or natural behaviors of the breed. In England, Wales and Scotland, the Dangerous Dogs Act of 1991 prohibits the ownership of American Pit Bull Terriers, along with three other breeds; the Act also bans the breeding, sale and exchange of these dogs. Similar legislation exists in Australia. Under Irish law, American Pit Bull Terriers must be led by someone at least 16 years of age, kept on

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2464-407: Is upsetting to Amanda; Shorty and his crew must work within a limited time frame to save an injured pit bull; Amanda has goofed on her casting video auditions; Ashley enters a comedy competition. Amanda books a major gig for Shortywood that involves Ronald and Sebastian participating in the famous Chippendales male dance revue, but they must get waxed before they can attend rehearsals; Shorty visits

2541-803: The American Bulldog , along with any crossbred dog that shares certain physical characteristics with these breeds. In other countries, including the United Kingdom, the term is used as an abbreviation of the American Pit Bull Terrier breed specifically, while the Staffordshire Bull Terrier is not considered a pit bull. Most pit bull–type dogs descend from the British bull and terrier, a 19th-century dog-fighting type developed from crosses between

2618-607: The American Kennel Club , but because of the type's association with dogfighting, the club rejected these entreaties. Following this rejection, in 1898 breeders of American Pit Bull Terriers established a rival kennel club , the United Kennel Club . In addition to being a breed registry, the United Kennel Club also regulated dogfights. In the 1930s the American Kennel Club was faced with

2695-687: The Old English Bulldog and the Old English Terrier . Pit bull–type dogs have a controversial reputation as pets internationally, due to their history in dog fighting , the number of high-profile attacks documented in the media over decades, and their proclivity to latch on while biting. Proponents of the type and advocates of regulation have engaged in a highly contentious nature-versus-nurture debate over whether aggressive tendencies in pit bulls may be appropriately attributed to owners' poor care for and competency to handle

2772-693: The San Francisco Society for the Prevention of Cruelty to Animals and the New York City Center for Animal Care and Control have unsuccessfully attempted to rename the type. Studies have found that when people involved in dog rescue, adoption, and regulation identify the breed of a dog of mixed parentage, this identification did not always correlate with the DNA analysis of that dog. Mixed-breed dogs are often labeled as pit bulls if they have certain physical characteristics, such as

2849-408: The aristocrats demand for her to be deposed. Back in the hideout, Snow White breaks the spell on Alcott with true love's kiss . Snow White encounters Clementianna, who sends the Beast after her. It manages to catch her, but hesitates in killing her. Snow White sees the Beast wearing a necklace with a moon charm on it similar to Clementianna's, and cuts it off, breaking the curse , and restoring

2926-674: The enchantress Clementianna . It was cast by Tarsem Singh and edited by Ryan Kavanaugh , Bernie Goldmann, Brett Ratner and Kevin Misher . It was written by Marc Klein and Jason Keller , with music by Alan Menken . It stars Lily Collins , Julia Roberts , Armie Hammer , Nathan Lane , Mare Winningham , Michael Lerner , and Sean Bean . It was released theatrically by Relativity Media on March 30, 2012. The film received an Academy Award nomination for Best Costume Design and earned $ 183 million on an $ 85–100 million budget but received generally mixed reviews from critics. Mirror Mirror

3003-463: The palace . Ten years later, Snow White is now a young woman, who desires to explore the kingdom and decides to sneak out. Walking through the forest , she meets the visiting Prince Alcott of Valencia and his valet , Runbock, who has been robbed by a band of dwarfs ; she and Alcott are instantly smitten with each other. Snow White arrives in the town, and finds the people are destitute due to Clementianna's heavy taxation . Meanwhile, Clementianna

3080-508: The 34 reviews, which indicates "Mixed or average reviews". Roger Ebert gave it 2.5 out of 4 stars and said: "It is a sumptuous fantasy for the eyes and a pinball game for the mind, as story elements collide and roll around bumping into each other. This is not a faithful retelling of the versions by the Brothers Grimm or Walt Disney, but neither is it a satire, nor much of a story in its own right. But it's great to look at. If there's

3157-514: The American Kennel Club Canine Good Citizen test, requiring owners to restrict their dogs with muzzles, chains, or enclosures, and refusing to write policies for homeowners or renters who have specific breeds of dogs. Owners of rental properties may also be held liable if they knew an aggressive dog was living on their property and they did nothing to ensure the safety of other tenants at the property; as

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3234-400: The Beast to its true form: her father. Clementianna then ages rapidly, and the Mirror Queen explains that this is the price for using dark magic . Grateful to Alcott for his assistance, the King agrees to let him marry his daughter. At their wedding, an old hag appears and offers Snow White an apple as a wedding gift. Snow White accepts it and is about to bite it, but then realizes the hag

3311-427: The British bull-and-terrier , which were first imported into North America in the 1870s. The bull-and-terrier was a breed of dog developed in the United Kingdom in the early 19th century for the blood sports of dog fighting and rat baiting . It was created by crossing the ferocious, thickly muscled Old English Bulldog with the agile, lithe, feisty Black and Tan Terrier . The aggressive Old English Bulldog, which

3388-505: The British breed, in 1972 the American Kennel Club changed the name of their American breed to the American Staffordshire Terrier. Despite criminalisation, illegal fights using pit bull–type dogs have continued to be widespread in the United States. In the 1990s in that country it was estimated 1,500 dogs died annually in organized fights, and by the mid-2000s it was estimated over 40,000 people were involved in

3465-516: The Queen and Snow White, and between Snow and the Prince. The story is a listless tale that moves at a stately pace through settings that could have supported fireworks. Indeed, the characters who seem to care the most about each other are the dwarfs". Robbie Collin from British newspaper The Telegraph gave the film four stars describing it as "an exuberantly charming fairy story that owes as much to

3542-504: The Shortywood office as Shorty feels extreme pressure to secure their placement in foster homes as soon as possible in order to stave off an upheaval among the members of his staff. Shorty and Sebastian experience a harrowing encounter with a group of wayward teenagers that uses stray dogs for target practice with their paintball guns as their attempts to stop it cause the situation to spiral out of control. Meanwhile, Shorty searches for

3619-476: The United States can be held legally liable for injuries inflicted or caused by their dogs. In general, owners are considered liable if they were unreasonably careless in handling or restraining the dog, or if they knew beforehand that the dog had a tendency to cause injury (e.g., bite); however, dog owners are automatically considered liable if local laws hold an owner strictly liable for all damage caused by their dog, regardless of carelessness or foreknowledge of

3696-484: The city limits; Shorty helps reunite a pit bull owner with her dogs and joins a nonviolent protest. Shorty and his team help raise money for an impounded dog in serious need of a leg operation; Shorty attempts to convince the owners of three abused pit bulls to surrender their dogs; Ashley gets stage fright prior to her improvisational performance. Shorty goes on a rescue by himself to save a friend's trapped pit bull, and he comes face-to-face with an irritated neighbor who

3773-575: The dog or inherent qualities owing to their breeding for fighting purposes. While some studies have argued that pit bull–type dogs are not disproportionately dangerous, offering competing interpretations on dog bite statistics, independent organizations have published statistics based on hospital records showing pit bulls are responsible for more than half of dog bite incidents among all breeds despite comprising only 6% of pet dogs. Some insurance companies will not cover pit bulls (along with Rottweilers and wolf hybrids ) because these particular dogs cause

3850-565: The dog's nose can cause the dog to release its hold. Many people consider pit bulls undesirable, making it harder for animal shelters to adopt them out. Surveys have found that animal shelter workers intentionally misidentify pit bulls to improve their adoption rates, or to avoid euthanizing them in jurisdictions where they are banned. Animal advocates recommend that shelters stop labeling breeds to improve pit bull adoption rates. Pit bulls also have higher rates of unsuccessful adoptions, and are more likely than other kinds of dogs to be returned to

3927-408: The dwarfs rob him. Snow White takes the money and returns it to the townspeople, crediting the dwarfs, whom the people hail as heroes. Clementianna informs Alcott that Snow White is dead. When he hears that the bandits have robbed Brighton, he goes after them. In the forest, he discovers that Snow White is in league with the dwarfs, who have trained her in combat . Both believing each other to be in

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4004-650: The end of "Little Chippendales" due to her dishonesty about being a dog person in her job interview. Ronald (Returned) – Ronald quit Shorty's Rescue for acting classes, can be seen in the episode "So Long, Shorty". Returned after helping the team in a rescue when Amanda would not help. Ronald left briefly with Sebastian to pursue an acting career in the movie Mirror, Mirror . Months later, he returned to help in future rescues. Sebastian (Returned) – During Season 4 when Sebastian needed $ 20,000 for medical expenses, he didn't want to ask Shorty for help so he started secretly working side jobs in his time off. However, when he booked

4081-664: The episode "Everybody's Changing" and she returns in "The End of Shortywood?". Christan – Helping out the Shortywood Dog Rescue Kennel. He is one of the newer volunteers. Pit bulls Pit bull is an umbrella term for several types of dog believed to have descended from bull and terriers . In the United States, the term is usually considered to include the American Pit Bull Terrier , American Staffordshire Terrier , American Bully , Staffordshire Bull Terrier , and sometimes

4158-488: The film a rating of 49% with an average score of 5.60/10 based on reviews from 198 critics. The site's general consensus is that "Like most of Tarsem Singh's films, Mirror Mirror is undeniably beautiful – but its treatment of the age-old Snow White fable lacks enough depth or originality to set it apart from the countless other adaptations of the tale." On Metacritic , which assigns a weighted mean rating out of 100 reviews from film critics, it has an average score of 46 from

4235-506: The gnarled folk tale illustrations of Arthur Rackham as the stagey, saturated lunacy of that half-loved, half-feared East German fantasy The Singing Ringing Tree . It's a Grimm piece of work, but far from a grim one: without rehashing the seminal Disney animated version, it radiates gorgeousness and good humour with a near-nuclear intensity." Collin praised costume designer Eiko Ishioka 's work, saying "every outfit in Mirror Mirror

4312-635: The illegal blood sport. Pit bull–type dogs are also used by criminal organizations to guard illegal narcotics, and to intimidate and attack civilians, other criminals and police, the type becoming a status symbol in American gang culture . On the other side of the law, pit bull–type dogs have been used by U.S. Customs and Border Protection as drug detection dogs . There is a lobby of animal rights groups that are spending millions of dollars to try to rebrand pit bulls as family dogs. In efforts to counter negative perceptions about pit bull–type dogs, both

4389-594: The leader of the Seven Dwarfs named after the Brothers Grimm ; Martin Klebba as Butcher, a dwarf who used to work as a butcher; Mark Povinelli as Half Pint, a dwarf who has a crush on Snow White; Jordan Prentice as Napoleon, a dwarf who wears a hat similar to Napoleon's; Sebastian Saraceno as Wolf, a dwarf in a wolf-skin cape; Joey Gnoffo as Grub, a dwarf who is always eating; Ronald Lee Clark as Chuckles,

4466-450: The number of dog attacks. Research has indicated that there is resistance by those who work in the adoption industry, applying a sharper distinction before allowing a dog to be labeled as a pit bull, as well as objections from veterinarians. Many of the jurisdictions that restrict pit bulls apply their restriction to the modern American Pit Bull Terrier, American Staffordshire Terrier, Staffordshire Bull Terrier, and any other dog that has

4543-403: The ownership of pit bull–type dogs through breed-specific legislation . A pro–pit bull lobby exists that spends millions of dollars a year promoting pit bulls as family pets, funding pro-pit bull researchers, and opposing laws that regulate their ownership. The term has been used since at least the early 20th century. It is believed all dogs that are now classified as pit bulls descend from

4620-420: The pet resort at which he used to work. A pet owner wants to adopt one of Shorty's pit bulls, but she would first like for Shorty to join her in a séance to ask if her deceased dog approves; Ronald rushes back to his hometown to spend time with his ailing parents. To rescue group owner Shorty Rossi's disappointment, he has acquired an abundance of pit bulls, and is extremely unsuccessful when he attempts to find

4697-417: The pit bull debate rarely disclose when they are being funded by lobbyists, leading to a risk that the scientific literature on pit bulls has been influenced by money. Pit bulls are known for their tenacity and refusal to release a bite, even in the face of great pain. A popular myth mischaracterized pit bulls as having "locking jaws." The refusal to let go is a behavioral, not physiological trait, and there

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4774-590: The proportion of bites caused by German Shepherds decreased by 0.63 percent per year over that time interval while the proportion caused by pit bulls increased by 1.17 percent per year. The pit bull proportion of dog bites increased more slowly in Denver, Colorado , where breed-specific legislation had been in place. In a 2014 literature review of dog bite studies, the American Veterinary Medical Association (AVMA) argues that breed

4851-482: The role of Snow White but the age difference between her and Armie Hammer was too large (he was 25 and she was 17). Felicity Jones was offered the part but turned it down. Collins was eventually cast in the role. Collins said in an interview that her casting happened in 24 hours after she met Tarsem Singh and read for him. Hammer was cast as the prince who is at first drawn towards the Queen and then towards Snow White. He beat out James McAvoy and Alex Pettyfer for

4928-457: The role. Filming for Mirror Mirror began on June 20, 2011, in Montreal , Quebec , under the working title Untitled Snow White Project . Production on the film wrapped in mid-September. The film was officially titled Mirror Mirror on November 4, 2011. The first trailer was released on November 30, 2011, in partnership with Relativity Media and Trailer Park. The teaser poster was released

5005-573: The same day. Mirror Mirror was the last film which Tarsem's regular costume designer, Eiko Ishioka , worked on before her death. The visual effects were designed by Tom Wood and executed by Wayne Brinton, Tim Carras, Sébastien Moreau and Amanda Dyar. Relativity Media announced the movie's final cost as being $ 85 million, though an article in the Los Angeles Times said the true budget was closer to $ 100 million. The song "I Believe in Love"

5082-498: The season 6 finale, they return to discover that Shortywood's client roster has been destroyed by a rival talent agency. Shorty Rossi, an ex-con who runs a talent-management company, and his friends rescue and rehabilitate pit bulls in Los Angeles. In the series opener, Shorty runs into trouble while trying to find an abandoned dog's owner. Shorty retrieves a mistreated pit bull from its negligent owner. Later, he tries to rescue

5159-539: The substantial physical characteristics and appearance of those breeds, such as the Canadian province of Ontario . Denver , Colorado lifted its longstanding ban on the breed in 2021 following a referendum that voted to repeal the ban. However, a few jurisdictions, such as Singapore , also classify the modern American Bulldog as a "pit bull–type dog". Courts in the United States and Canada have ruled that expert identification, when using published breed standards,

5236-401: The town's magistrate that collects the taxes for Brighton. Roberts was the first to be cast, because very early on Tarsem Singh wanted an Evil Queen with whom audiences could relate. He stated that in the film, the queen is not evil, but rather insecure. He also suggested that the Queen's true ugliness may be revealed at the very end of the film. Originally Saoirse Ronan was considered for

5313-571: The type's fighting heritage, as fighting dogs that do not signal aggression may do better in the ring. However, recent research suggests that this perception may reflect a lack of knowledge of dog body-language , and owners' over-confidence in their ability to interpret those signs. In fighting with dogs of other breeds, pit bulls, German Shepherds, Great Danes and Rottweilers were often the aggressor, and more than twenty percent of studied Akitas , Jack Russell Terriers and pit bulls displayed serious aggression towards other dogs. Although there may be

5390-466: The wrong, Snow White and Alcott duel . He returns, defeated, and informs Clementianna that Snow White was the dwarfs' leader and is alive. Clementianna enters her Mirror House to consult her reflection, the Mirror Queen. She has her temporarily turn Brighton into a cockroach as punishment for his betrayed and deception, and requests a love potion to make Alcott fall in love with her, the same one she once used on Snow White's father. It turns out to be

5467-461: Was bred for bear and bull baiting , was often also pitted against its own kind in organized dog fights, but it was found that lighter, faster dogs were better suited to dogfighting than the heavier Bulldog. To produce a lighter, faster, more agile dog that retained the courage and tenacity of the Bulldog, outcrosses from local terriers were tried, and ultimately found to be successful. As it

5544-624: Was first used in Britain in 1930 in advertisements for bull-and-terrier-type dogs. Organized dog fighting had been effectively eliminated in the United Kingdom by the Protection of Animals Act 1911 , but devotees of the bull-and-terrier type continued to breed these dogs, predominantly in England's Black Country . Throughout the early 1930s attempts were made in England to gain recognition for these dogs with The Kennel Club ; these efforts were successful in 1935. In order to avoid confusion with

5621-399: Was in breach of Florida Bar advertising rules. Mirror Mirror (film) Mirror Mirror is a 2012 American fantasy comedy film based on the fairy tale, " Snow White ," collected by the Brothers Grimm . The film follows a beautiful princess named Snow White, who uses the help of a band of seven dwarfs as well as a prince , to reclaim her throne from her wicked stepmother ,

5698-542: Was in the UK, dog fighting became a popular pastime in 19th century America and bull-and-terriers were imported to the New World to pursue the blood sport. In the United States, organized dog fights have been progressively outlawed in various states since 1874, culminating in federal legislation criminalizing animal fighting in 2007. In the 1890s breeders of American pit bull–type dogs attempted to have their dogs recognized by

5775-488: Was later covered by Iranian singer Googoosh . Tarsem Singh—who was unaware that it had previously been used in a film—chose the song for the Bollywood -style musical finale of Mirror Mirror because his daughter had enjoyed the song when he had played it for her the previous year. The film was released in theaters on March 30, 2012. The film received generally mixed reviews. Review aggregator Rotten Tomatoes gives

5852-509: Was originally written in 1970 by Nina Hart, a singer-song writer and stage and TV actress (then working at New York City music-publishing company, Golden Bough Productions.) The song was one of several written by Hart for director Miloš Forman to consider for his film Taking Off . She performed the song in Forman's film, playing a character at an audition; Hart's recording was a hit in Italy and

5929-428: Was released on DVD and Blu-ray by 20th Century Fox Home Entertainment on June 26, 2012. In narration, the very beautiful but wicked enchantress , Clementianna , insists that this is her story: she had married the widower king, who one day left to fight a great evil that had invaded the land, but never returned. Clementianna rules in his absence , while confining her young stepdaughter Princess Snow White , to

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