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21-699: The Pittsburgh Bureau of Fire (PBF) provides fire suppression and prevention for the City of Pittsburgh , as well as BLS response on medical details. In all, the bureau is responsible for 55.5 square miles (144 km) with a population of 305,841 as of the 2013 Census estimation . The Bureau was the first fire department in the United States to unionize and thus has the International Association of Fire Fighters (IAFF) local number of 1. The Fire Bureau provides fire and rescue services to

42-445: A fire . If critical environmental conditions are not satisfied, an assembly may not be eligible for a fire-resistance rating. The following classifications may be attained when testing in accordance with UL 72. This rating is the requirement in data safes and vault structures for protecting digital information on magnetic media or hard drives. Temperatures inside the protected chamber must be held below 125 °F (52 °C) for

63-401: A bracketed E, "(E)" denoted on various types of extinguishers. Fires are sometimes categorized as "one alarm", "two alarm", "three alarm" (or higher) fires. There is no standard definition for what this means quantifiably, though it always refers to the level response by the local authorities. In some cities, the numeric rating refers to the number of fire stations that have been summoned to

84-441: A fire in a tunnel , as well as in the petrochemical industry, temperatures exceed those of ordinary building (cellulosic) fires. This is because the fuel for the fire is hydrocarbons , which burn hotter (compare hydrocarbon curve above to ASTM E119 curve), faster and typically run out of fuel faster as well, compared against timber. The added complication with tunnels is that heat cannot escape as well as it can in open area. Instead,

105-473: A significant part of the fire safety plan might be compromised in the event of a fire because the walls and floors that contain the firestops are intended to have a fire-resistance rating . Likewise, if the sprinkler system or fire alarm system is inoperable for lack of proper maintenance, the likelihood of damage or personal injury is increased. INDIA USA UAE EUROPE UK Fire-resistance rating A fire-resistance rating typically means

126-574: Is a table showing the standard operated in Europe and Australia against the system used in the United States . Technically there is no such thing as a "Class E" fire, as electricity itself does not burn. However, it is considered a dangerous and very deadly complication to a fire, therefore using the incorrect extinguishing method can result in serious injury or death. Class E, however generally refers to fires involving electricity, therefore

147-412: Is distorted by the heat and information is lost. A Class 150-2 Hour vault must keep the temperature below 150 °F. for at least two hours, with temperatures up to 2,000 °F. (1,093.3 °C) outside the vault. This rating is the requirement for protecting paper documents. Above 350 °F (176.7 °C) paper is distorted by the heat and information is lost. A Class 350-4 Hour vault must keep

168-457: The Borough of Wilkinsburg and Ingram Borough through the use of two engine companies. The Bureau started out as a volunteer fire department and officially transitioned to a fully paid department on May 23, 1870. Over 30 years later in 1903 a group of Pittsburgh firefighters sought to improve working and living conditions of those serving in the department. They formed an association known as

189-462: The City Fireman's Protective Association. By September 1903, the first International Association of Fire Fighters union was organized, IAFF Local No. 1. Below is a complete listing of all fire station and apparatus locations in the city of Pittsburgh according to Battalion. Fire protection Buildings must be maintained in accordance with the current fire code, which is enforced by

210-579: The National Research Council and publisher of Canada's model building code – NBC) requires a special test regime for firestops for plastic pipe penetrants . Fire endurance tests for this application must be run under 50Pa positive furnace pressure in order to adequately simulate the effect of potential temperature differences between indoor and outdoor temperatures in Canada's winters. Special hoods are applied here to provide suction on

231-543: The architect and other consultants. A building permit is issued after review by the Authority Having Jurisdiction (AHJ) . Deviations from that original plan should be made known to the AHJ to make sure that the change is still in compliance with the law to prevent any unsafe conditions that may violate the law and put people at risk. For example, if the firestop systems in a structure were inoperable,

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252-594: The duration for which a passive fire protection system can withstand a standard fire resistance test . This can be quantified simply as a measure of time, or it may entail other criteria, involving evidence of functionality or fitness for purpose. The following depict the most commonly used international time/temperature curves: There are many international variations for nearly countless types of products and systems, some with multiple test requirements. Canada 's Institute for Research in Construction (a part of

273-400: The fire is confined to a narrow tube, where pressure and heat build up and spread rapidly, with little room for escape and little chance of compartmentalization . Construction of a test sample consists of a mockup of a section of concrete floor, with typical mechanical and electrical utility components (pipes and cables) penetrating the floor assembly. A firestop mortar is applied around

294-540: The fire prevention officers of a local fire department. In the event of fire emergencies, Firefighters , fire investigators, and other fire prevention personnel are called to mitigate, investigate and learn from the damage of a fire . When deciding on what fire protection is appropriate for any given situation, it is important to assess the types of fire hazards that may be faced. Some jurisdictions operate systems of classifying fires using code letters. Whilst these may agree on some classifications, they also vary. Below

315-413: The fire. In others, the number counts the number of "dispatches" for additional personnel and equipment. Fire protection in land-based buildings , offshore construction or on board ships is typically achieved via all of the following: Passive fire protection (PFP) in the form of compartmentalisation was developed prior to the invention of or widespread use of active fire protection (AFP), mainly in

336-420: The form of automatic fire sprinkler systems. During this time, PFP was the dominant mode of protection provided in facility designs. With the widespread installation of fire sprinklers in the past 50 years, the reliance on PFP as the only approach was reduced. Fire protection within a structure relies on all of its components. The building is designed in compliance with the local building code and fire code by

357-413: The hydrocarbon and petrochemical industries, a hydrocarbon curve (such as UL 1709) is used, reflecting a more rapid temperature rise. The only commonly used exposure beyond this, apart from the more recent tunnel curves shown above, would be the jet fire exposure standards such as ISO 22899, which are used where equipment may be subject to the extreme heat and momentum effects of jet fire exposure. During

378-431: The penetrations. The completed test sample is inserted into a furnace such that one side is exposed to a fire. The test is terminated when the fire stops successfully meet the test criteria in minimizing the amount of heat and smoke allowed to pass through the assembly, when the fire penetrates the fire stops. This determines the fire stop F-Rating . The length of time required for a penetrant or sample on average to exceed

399-482: The temperature below 350 °F. for at least four hours, with temperatures up to 2,000 °F. (1,093.3 °C) outside the vault. Typically, most countries use the building elements curve for residential and commercial spaces, which is nearly identical in most countries as that is what results by burning wood . The building elements curve is characterized jointly by, including, but not limited to, DIN4102, BS476, ASTM E119, ULC-S101, etc. For industrial facilities in

420-529: The time period specified, such as Class 125-2 Hour, with temperatures up to 2,000 °F (1,090 °C) outside the vault. The temperature reading is taken on the inside surfaces of the protective structure. Maintaining the temperature below 125 °F is critical because data is lost above that temperature threshold, even if the media or hard drives appear to be intact. This is the rating required to protect microfilm, microfiche, and other film-based information storage media. Above 150 °F (65.5 °C) film

441-439: The top side of a test assembly in order to reach the 50Pa pressure differential. Afterwards, a 30PSI hose-stream test may be applied. Outdoor spray fireproofing methods that must be qualified to the hydrocarbon curve may be required to pass a host of environmental tests before any burn takes place, to minimize the likelihood of ordinary operational environments rendering a vital system component useless before it ever encounters

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