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40-703: The club was made up of players from the various teams of the Western Pennsylvania Hockey League (WPHL), which dissolved after the 1904 season . During the 1902–03 WPHL season , the league champion Pittsburgh Bankers competed against the Portage Lakes Hockey Club , which was based in Houghton, Michigan , for the "Pro Championship of the United States". A four-game series was arranged with Portage Lakes and

80-714: A better pay day, so the IHL folded. It was decided to revive the four team WPHL for the 1907–08 season , which started several weeks before the Canadian leagues, since there were no artificial ice rinks in Canada until 1911 . The WPHL was revived in 1907. The league consisted of the Pittsburgh Lyceum, Pittsburgh Athletic Club, Pittsburgh Bankers and the newly formed Pittsburgh Pirates . The revived league still had some great stars like Albert Kerr and Art Throop , but many of

120-459: A large percentage of working-class citizens. While civic boosters helped drive the interest in the games in Michigan and Canada, Pittsburgh used its large population base and established hockey tradition to fill its arena. Pittsburgh's local supporters adopted nickname, "Coal Heavers," for their team. The Pros did not fare well in its first season, posting only an 8–15–1 record for fourth place in

160-482: A lump sum of money to have a team on the ice. The less money the manager had to pay his players, the more money that manager got to keep. As a result, the Pittsburgh teams were able to get many great players such as future Hall of Famers Alf Smith , Hod Stuart and Riley Hern . These players played for pay in Pittsburgh, eventually forcing the Canadian leagues to go pro in 1907, a development that led directly to

200-576: A “great international hockey and polo tournament” opening game at the Casino. The newspaper reported that a team consisting of ten players from Queen's University played against a group of local players from Western University (today the University of Pittsburgh ) and Pittsburgh Catholic College of the Holy Ghost (today Duquesne University ) and a half-hour of exhibition of hockey was played before

240-652: Is still a strong suspicion that hockey players were paid before 1904, when the first pro league was officially formed. The champion of the WPHL competed against Houghton, Michigan's Portage Lakes Hockey Club for the "Pro Championship of the United States" prior to the formation of the International Professional Hockey League for the 1904–05 season . Portage Lakes played off with the Pittsburgh Bankers. Portage Lakes won

280-688: The 1903–04 WPHL season , the Pittsburgh Victorias were defeated by Portage Lakes in a battle for the "American Championship". A meeting was held on November 5, 1904 which included prominent business leaders from Pittsburgh, Sault Ste. Marie , Ontario and Northern Michigan . A number of cities were considered for this new professional league, however the league accepted teams from Houghton (Portage Lakes), Pittsburgh (Pros), Sault Ste. Marie, Ontario ( Canadian Soo ), Sault Ste. Marie, Michigan ( Michigan Soo Indians ) and Calumet & Laurium, Michigan ( Calumet Miners ). Also at this meeting,

320-456: The 1906–07 season . The revenue-sharing program that granted the visiting team forty percent of the gate receipts, however proved to lead to the demise of the team and the league. The revenues would prove inadequate to maintain player salaries, particularly with the advent of other professional leagues, leading to the IPHL's collapse. However, the league's demise led to the rebirth of the WPHL, which

360-558: The Duquesne Country & Athletic Club , Western University of Pennsylvania (the University of Pittsburgh today) and a team known as Pittsburgh, or the 'Casino' team. The PAC was managed by Charles S. Miller, who became the league's president. The league played at the Casino twice a week, on Tuesday and Friday nights. The first "big league" season game was November 17, 1896 between Duquesne and Pittsburgh ('Casino'), won by Duquesne 2–1. Play continued until December 16, when

400-659: The Ottawa Silver Seven in 1904–05, a member of the Stanley Cup winning squad. In 1906, he became professional, joining Pittsburgh of the International Hockey League . In 1907, he returned to Canada, playing for Brockville and Renfrew senior teams. In 1908–09, Gaul split his time with Duquesne Athletic Club (of Pittsburgh) and Haileybury. He stayed with Haileybury for the inaugural National Hockey Association (NHA) 1910 season . When

440-694: The Pittsburgh Bankers , which represented a bankers' association, were admitted to the league, while the Pittsburgh Athletic Club repeated as champions. In 1900, the Keystone Bicycle Club was admitted to the league, replacing Western University. The Keystones were instrumental in changing the league from amateur to professional, and were the first WPHL team to recruit heavily from Canada. The Pittsburgh Athletic Club won its third consecutive championship, although

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480-533: The Bankers, with Portage Lakes winning the four game series 2–1 with a game tied, despite being outscored bt the Bankers, 11–6. In the fall of 1903, James R. Dee of Houghton started discussions with WPHL representatives in Pittsburgh to initiate discussion on the formation of a national hockey association. The next season, Portage Lakes continued to play professional exhibition games, but raided Pittsburgh's teams for top players like Riley Hern and Bruce Stuart . After

520-510: The Casino rink was destroyed by fire, along with the hockey equipment of most of the teams. The league dissolved without a championship. The league would remain dormant until 1899 and the erection of a hockey rink at the Duquesne Garden . The league was revived with three teams, the Pittsburgh Athletic Club, Duquesne Country & Athletic Club and Western University. The PAC won the league's first championship. The following season

560-539: The Keystones were instantly competitive. Arthur Sixsmith , a former member of the Ottawa Senators , came to the WPHL in 1901 and soon convinced several Canadian players, including his brother Garnet Sixsmith , to join him. In one memorable game that occurred during this era, the WPHL's Garnet Sixsmith scored 11 goals in a game at Duquesne Garden. The 1901–02 season is considered the first season whereby

600-551: The Pirates sent James MacKay, Edgar Dey and Dunc Taylor to the Bankers for Joseph Donnelly and Bert Bennett. Later, on January 31, the Pirates also purchased Gordon McGuire from the Bankers. By the 1908–09 season , the WPHL found that it could no longer rely on salaries as novelty to attract Canadian talent, since professionalism had spread into Canada. The start of the season brought promise, with Alf Smith , Arthur Sixsmith , Lorne Campbell and goalie James MacKay in charge of

640-628: The Pros would finish the season in third place. Stuart started the next season with Pittsburgh, but later left the team following a dispute. However the Pittsburgh line-up still included the recent addition of several notable players such as; Tommy Smith and Horace Gaul of the Ottawa Hockey Club and Jimmy Gardner of the Montreal Wanderers . These players joined Pros alumni; goalie Jack Winchester and Lorne Campbell in

680-451: The first hockey player to use aluminum skates, after he noticed that they were used by speed skaters. Wanting more speed in his game, Garnet then had aluminum ice skates custom-made with a shorter blade, for himself. The skates costs $ 15, even though his brother and several others told him they would never become popular. The skates eventually helped him earn his reputation as a fast skater. The type skate developed for Garnet soon became used by

720-560: The formation of the National Hockey League in 1917. However, in the summer of 1902 Harry Peel , a Keystones player in 1901–02 , admitted that he was paid $ 35 a week to play in the so-called amateur league and so no amateur teams would play against these teams again without being suspended by either Canadian, or U.S. officials. Peel was suspended by the Ontario Hockey Association and an appeal

760-400: The four game series 2–1 with a game tied, but they were outscored 11–6. The next season, Portage Lakes continued to play Pro exhibition games, but raided Pittsburgh's teams for top players like Riley Hern and Bruce Stuart . Despite these losses the WPHL started with the same four clubs, but the Keystones withdrew from the league on January 17, 1904. The team's players were then dispersed to

800-450: The four teams, but by late December fully one-third of the league's players had accepted offers to play in different leagues. Many players initially signed up for the WPHL because the league played all of its games on Duquesne Garden's artificial ice and was not dependent on cold weather to provide a naturally frozen surface. As winter began and Canadian rinks became available, some players flocked north to teams closer to home. The WPHL saw

840-535: The league was recognized as professional, the first professional ice hockey league. The league had three teams in 1901–02 : Pittsburgh Bankers, Pittsburgh Athletic Club and the Pittsburgh Keystones. To fill these teams, many business and organizations imported young Canadians like George "Pinky" Lamb and William "Pud" Hamilton and set up teams. The league lured players from Canada with promises of high-paid employment and small cash incentives, which

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880-458: The league. The Pros' inaugural season was also distracted by the actions and June 7, 1905 death of Pros' player William "Peg" Duval , due to alcoholism . Duval had been suspended in December 1904 without pay by the Pros for not being in condition to play although he returned to the team in time to score the winning goal in a game against Calumet on January 7, 1905. He was permanently released by

920-416: The line-up. Campbell and Smith finished ahead of future Hall-Of-Famers ; Didier Pitre , Newsy Lalonde and Bruce Stuart in scoring. However Pittsburgh's play only earned the team another third-place finish in the standings. The team's uniform colors were reported in successive seasons as gold (or yellow or orange) and black, maroon and white, and blue and white. The team and the IPHL existed until after

960-494: The mid-season defections of stars like Tommy Smith, Albert Kerr, Harry Smith, Cyclone Taylor and Con Corbeau to Canada. The WPHL was the first league to openly hire hockey players, and may have been involved in the first trade involving professional hockey players. Several of league's alumni continued to make hockey history on both local and national stage. In 1915, the WPHL's Arthur Sixsmith managed an ice hockey team for Pittsburgh's Winter Garden at Exposition Hall . Several of

1000-578: The most skilled players joining the Pittsburgh Professionals and playing in the International Professional Hockey League. Over half of the players in the league had played in Pittsburgh at one time, so the early league a key pioneer in the development of professional hockey. Around 1904 another milestone was reached by a Pittsburgh player. That year Garnet Sixsmith, who played in the WPHL, became

1040-403: The other three teams. Many other promising young players took their place and three different Pittsburgh teams challenged Portage Lakes for the U.S. Pro title that year. The league champion Victorias put up the best battle, losing two games to one. In 1904, the first inter-city professional league was formed called the International Professional Hockey League (IHL). The WPHL was suspended with

1080-492: The players got better offers from the Canadian leagues in late December and the team lineups were patched together at best to complete the season. In what might have been the first trades involving professional hockey players, the Lyceum dealt Harry Burgoyne to the Bankers for Dutch Koch in December 1907 and returned Koch to the Bankers in exchange for Fred Young in early January. A bigger trade occurred on January 27, 1908, when

1120-608: The players on that team began their careers in the WPHL, including Arthur's brother Garnet Sixsmith. The team lasted on only one season. Also in 1915, Roy Schooley , a referee in the WPHL, formed the Pittsburgh Yellow Jackets , which won two United States Amateur Hockey Association titles in 1924 and 1925, before morphing into the Pittsburgh Pirates of the NHL. In 1920, Schooley also put together

1160-549: The polo match. The paper noted that 2,500 to 3,000 fans showed up to watch the game, despite claims of bad weather. No score or records were reportedly kept but the paper did note that the team from Queen's University outplayed the Pittsburghers, who had never played the game before. The city quickly realized that in order to make money they would need to have more events than just speed skating , family skates and costume parties to make money. They decided that since hockey

1200-665: The pre-eminent ice hockey league in the United States . It was the first league to openly hire and trade players. In 1895, Pittsburgh officials, constructed the Schenley Park Casino which featured the first artificial ice-making plant in North America . The 1895–96 winter season also saw the first introduction of hockey in the city. On December 30, 1895, the Pittsburgh Press made mention of

1240-488: The representatives of the Canadian Soo suggested a revenue sharing plan that would divide gate receipts in a 60–40 home-visitor split. This revenue sharing plan would make the long journey to Pittsburgh possible, considering the Pros played at the high capacity (5,000 seats) Duquesne Garden. Although Pittsburgh much larger in size, to the other IPHL markets. However, like the other league markets, its population featured

Pittsburgh Professionals - Misplaced Pages Continue

1280-565: The skate of choice for hockey players and are still in use. However, the Pittsburgh Professionals didn't fare too well during the league's first season . But in 1905–06 , they were part of a great three team race with Portage Lakes and the Michigan Soo Indians for first place. Within two years of play, professional leagues were now popping up all over Canada and most of the great players went back home for

1320-550: The start of the 1905–06 season , Stuart, who previously played in Pittsburgh (for the Bankers of the WPHL in 1903), was suspended from the league after the western teams complained that he had won too many championships and was too rough for the league. He was reinstated by the league on December 30, and joined the Pittsburgh Professionals. During the 1905–06 season the Professionals were one of three teams vying with Portage Lakes and Michigan Soo Indians for first place. However

1360-506: The team in February 1905 for being unable to stay in condition to play. A Pittsburg Press newspaper report at that time said that "'Peggy' when in condition can hold his end up with any of them, but the wine when it is red seems to have a fascination for him, hence his downfall." However the following season , the team acquired Hod Stuart, who was considered the best player of his era, in certain hockey circles. On December 11, 1905, before

1400-604: The very first U.S. Olympic ice hockey team . On November 16, 1935, Garnet Sixsmith dropped the ceremonial first puck, honoring the WPHL, at Duquesne Garden, for the inaugural home game of the Pittsburgh Shamrocks of the International Hockey League . Teams that played in the WPHL include: * Disbanded during season The following players are members of the Hockey Hall of Fame : Horace Gaul Horace Joseph Gaul (December 21, 1883 – July 9, 1939)

1440-597: Was a Canadian professional ice hockey and lacrosse player who played from 1904 until 1913 most notably with the Pittsburgh Professionals , Haileybury Comets , Ottawa Senators and Toronto Tecumsehs . As a lacrosse player he was a member of the Ottawa Capital Lacrosse Club . Born in Gaspé, Quebec , Canada, the Gaul family moved to Ottawa , Ontario . Horace first played senior amateur hockey for

1480-641: Was a relatively new game, it could catch on in Pittsburgh. Sometime between the Queen's game and November 1896, the Casino's management decided to organize two leagues at the rink; an inter-scholastic league for high schools, and a senior ice hockey amateur league named the Western Pennsylvania League. The league played its first season in 1896–97 at the Casino, with four teams—the Pittsburgh Athletic Club (PAC),

1520-403: Was around $ 30 a week. At this time all Canadian associations were still amateur, and since many of the players had been already expelled from hockey in Canada for being professionals. However, according to Garnet Sixsmith, who played in the league between 1902 and 1909, the players were paid between $ 10–$ 15 a week and each were given jobs on the side. Each team, consisted of a manager who was paid

1560-467: Was now a fully professional league. The following members of the Pittsburgh Professionals later became members of the Hockey Hall of Fame : Western Pennsylvania Hockey League The Western Pennsylvania Hockey League ( WPHL ) was an originally amateur and later professional ice hockey league founded in 1896 and existing through 1909. Based in Pittsburgh , Pennsylvania , the league became

1600-582: Was rejected on December 10, 1903 and again on November 30, 1904. According to Peel, "They (the teams) make no bones whatever about paying men. If they do not pay them they give them fake (business) positions". However, by the start of the 1902–03 season the WPHL was now a fully professional league with the Pittsburgh Victorias making a fourth WPHL team. More great stars were enticed to come to Pittsburgh as they could accept pay for play. Bruce and Hod Stuart became major stars in 1902–03 . While players like Fred Lake , were already well known to hockey fans. There

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