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144-666: Pi Kappa Phi's mission statement is "To create an uncommon and lifelong brotherhood that develops leaders and encourages service to others for the betterment of our communities." The fraternity's vision statement is "A future where every Pi Kappa Phi embraces his role as a leader, puts service before self and improves the world around him." Pi Kappa Phi operates in four entities: Pi Kappa Phi Fraternity, Pi Kappa Phi Foundation, The Ability Experience, and Pi Kappa Phi Properties. Pi Kappa Phi operates its own philanthropy, The Ability Experience (formerly known as Push America), which works with individual chapters to serve people with disabilities. Among

288-523: A Bronze Star medal for meritorious service as a senior legal adviser to the Air Force in Iraq and Afghanistan from August 2009 to July 2014, overseeing the detention of military prisoners. In 2015, he retired at his last rank of colonel from the Air Force with over 33 total years of service, after reaching the statutory retirement age of 60 for his rank. Graham earned points toward a military pension but

432-528: A special counsel investigation of Biden's son Hunter during the campaign only to appease Trump supporters among his constituents. A Graham spokesman disputed the Times 's account. Graham appeared at Trump's first prime-time 2024 campaign rally on January 28, 2023, and told Fox News host Sean Hannity that he would support Trump "because I know what I'm going to get", mostly regarding perceived international threats. Tea Party opponents have called Graham

576-500: A " Public Ivy ". Since its inaugural 1990 reputational survey, Times Higher Education has considered Berkeley to be one of the world's "six super brands" along with the University of Oxford and the University of Cambridge , Harvard University , MIT , and Stanford University . The 2010 United States National Research Council Rankings identified Berkeley as having the highest number of top-ranked doctoral programs in

720-511: A " moderate Republican ." He calls himself a "Reagan-style Republican", and has been called a fairly conservative Republican with "a twang of moderation" and "an independent streak." University of California, Berkeley The University of California, Berkeley ( UC Berkeley , Berkeley , Cal , or California ) is a public land-grant research university in Berkeley, California , United States. Founded in 1868 and named after

864-544: A "jackass" for saying that Graham's close friend, Senator John McCain , was "not a war hero." Trump reacted by calling Graham an "idiot" and revealing Graham's personal cellphone number at a campaign rally, asking people to call Graham. In December 2015, Trump, the front-runner for the Republican presidential nomination, called for a ban on Muslims entering the United States. Graham, who had very little support as

1008-542: A "staggering" campaign war chest and "blanketed" the state with positive ads; he focused on constituent services and local issues; and he refused to "pander" to the Tea Party supporters, instead confronting them head-on, arguing that the Republican Party needed to be more inclusive. In the run-up to the Republican primary, Graham's approval rating improved. According to a February 2013 Winthrop poll, he had

1152-456: A 19-year-old senior at the college; Simon Fogarty Jr., a 17-year-old junior; and Lawrence Harry Mixson, a 16-year-old sophomore. All three of the men were from Charleston. In 1904, the College of Charleston was a small, municipal college . The all-male college was the first municipal college in the country, and the thirteenth oldest educational institution in the United States. The school had

1296-534: A 59% positive rating among likely Republican voters. Graham won the June 10 primary with 178,833 votes (56.42%). His nearest challenger, State Senator Lee Bright , received 48,904 (15.4%). Graham won the general election, defeating the Democratic nominee, State Senator Brad Hutto , 54% to 39%. Independent Thomas Ravenel (a former Republican State Treasurer) and Libertarian Victor Kocher received 3.8% and 2.7% of

1440-415: A Pi Kappa Phi fraternity pledge, was given medical treatment in an attempt to resuscitate, but died soon thereafter. After his death, FSU suspended all 58 fraternities and sororities on campus, and banned alcohol from student events. In 2016, the fraternity at the University of South Florida (USF) was suspended after a 16 year old girl was raped while she was unconscious in the fraternity's house. The girl

1584-478: A blue background with an imaginary yellow pen. The California Victory Cannon, placed on Tightwad Hill overlooking the stadium, is fired before every football home game, after every score, and after every Cal victory. First used in the 1963 Big Game, it was originally placed on the sidelines before moving to Tightwad Hill in 1971. The only time the cannon ran out of ammunition was during a game against Pacific in 1991, when Cal scored 12 touchdowns. The Cal Mic Men,

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1728-747: A campus literary society called the Chrestomathics, which held activities such as debates. The college's monthly magazine was staffed by the officers of the Chrestomathics, forming the equivalent of a modern-day student government. The three men set a goal to obtain officer positions within the Chrestomathic Literary Society. At that time, the organization was dominated by the three chapters of national fraternities on campus. All fraternity men were sworn to vote for their candidates, making it virtually impossible for any non-fraternity men to win election. Kroeg, Mixson, Fogarty, and

1872-548: A culvert upstream of the recreational complex at the mouth of Strawberry Canyon and passes beneath California Memorial Stadium before appearing again in Faculty Glade. It then runs through the center of the campus before disappearing underground at the west end of campus. The north fork appears just east of University House and runs through the glade north of the Valley Life Sciences Building,

2016-475: A dinner or a similar ceremony. In 1906 Mixson and Wagener wrote the fraternity's initiation ritual as the "highest ideals of Christian manhood". That same year, the group was offered a charter from another U.S. fraternity. Instead, they chose to expand and create more Pi Kappa Phi chapters. A second chapter Beta chapter , was formed at Presbyterian College on March 9, 1907. Due to a state law banning fraternities at state supported schools, Presbyterian College and

2160-488: A fair juror here", adding, "this thing will come to the Senate, and it will die quickly, and I will do everything I can to make it die quickly." He also announced that he held "disdain for the accusations and the process. So I don't need any witnesses" for the Senate trial. In response, Democrats referenced statements Graham made during the 1998 impeachment of Bill Clinton, including his citation of Richard Nixon as proof that

2304-471: A good relationship with Trump would help his prospects of reelection to the Senate in 2020. Seven months after the death of McCain, one of Graham's "dearest friends", Trump repeatedly criticized McCain. Graham was then criticized for not standing up for McCain. Graham responded, "To all those people who bring up this narrative, you just hate Trump ... You're not offended about me and McCain; you're trying to use me to get to Trump ... I'm not into this idea that

2448-430: A group of their friends, all non-fraternity men, began forming an opposition party. Several meetings were held at Mixson's home on Wentworth Street leading to the formation of Nu Phi , which stood for "non-fraternity." The group of 15 men developed an opposing slate and began campaigning. Nu Phi adopted the outline of a hand as its secret symbol. A sketched hand on a classroom chalkboard signified an upcoming meeting. Inside

2592-439: A judge of Mexican heritage, implying he could be biased, Graham said to CNN: "I don't think [Trump is] racist but he's playing the race card ... I think it's very un-American ... If he continues this line of attack then I think people really need to reconsider the future of the [Republican] party." Graham told The New York Times that that incident "is probably it" for anyone looking to withdraw their support of Trump: "There'll come

2736-667: A lawyer. He served as assistant county attorney for Oconee County from 1988 to 1992 and city attorney for Central from 1990 to 1994. After leaving the Air Force, Graham joined the South Carolina Air National Guard in 1989, where he served until 1995, then joining the U.S. Air Force Reserve . During the 1990–1991 Gulf War , Graham was recalled to active duty, serving as a judge advocate at McEntire Air National Guard Station in Eastover, South Carolina , where he helped brief departing pilots on

2880-690: A member of the Pi Kappa Phi social fraternity. He graduated from the University of South Carolina with a B.A. in psychology in 1977, and from the University of South Carolina School of Law with a J.D. in 1981. Upon graduating from the University of South Carolina School of Law, Graham was commissioned as an officer in the Judge Advocate General's Corps (JAG Corps) in the United States Air Force in 1982 and began active duty that year. His duty began with

3024-581: A new center for computing and data science. For the 2020 fiscal year, Berkeley set a fundraising record, receiving over $ 1 billion in gifts and pledges, and two years later, it broke that record, raising over $ 1.2 billion. Officially named the "University of California, Berkeley" it is often shortened to "Berkeley" in general reference or in an academic context ( Berkeley Law , Berkeley Engineering , Berkeley Haas , Berkeley Public Health ) and to "California" or "Cal" particularly when referring to its athletic teams ( California Golden Bears ). In August 2022,

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3168-506: A president in my life ... He's asked me to do some things, and I've asked him to do some things in return." Graham said he had been gaining influence with Trump and was attempting to enter Trump's inner circle, where he would reach a level of influence on par with Melania Trump , Ivanka Trump and Jared Kushner . He said that he had had a "political marriage" with John McCain, but as for his relationship with Trump: "I personally like him. We play golf. He's very nice to me." Graham also said that

3312-576: A president who ignored a subpoena should be impeached for taking "the power from Congress over the impeachment process away from Congress" and becoming "judge and jury" himself. Even after all major news networks projected that Joe Biden had won the 2020 United States presidential election , Graham said that Trump "should not concede" because "if Republicans don't challenge and change the U.S. election system, there will never be another Republican president elected again". Graham said he donated $ 500,000 to Trump's election lawsuits in various states, and that

3456-514: A presidential candidate, responded: "He's a race-baiting, xenophobic, religious bigot ... He doesn't represent my [Republican] party ... I don't think he has a clue about anything ... He is empowering radical Islam ... You know how you make America great again? Tell Donald Trump to go to hell." He added, "I'd rather lose without Donald Trump than try to win with him." In May 2016 Graham tweeted, "If we nominate Trump, we will get destroyed...and we will deserve it." In June 2016, after Trump criticized

3600-536: A primary challenge from conservative activists, including the Tea Party movement , and Chris Chocola , President of the Club for Growth , indicated that his organization would support a primary challenge if an acceptable standard-bearer emerged. But a serious challenger to Graham failed to emerge and he was widely viewed as likely to win, which has been ascribed to his "deft maneuvering" and "aggressive" response to

3744-435: A print and online edition. Berkeley's FM student radio station , KALX , broadcasts on 90.7 MHz. It is run largely by volunteers, including both students and community members. Berkeley also features an assortment of student-run publications: There are ninety-four political student groups on campus, including MEChXA de UC Berkeley, Berkeley ACLU , Berkeley Students for Life, Campus Greens, The Sustainability Team (STEAM),

3888-633: A problem". Graham said that he was investigating in his capacity as a senator, although he was the chair of the Senate Judiciary Committee. He went on to claim that he had also spoken to Arizona's and Nevada's secretaries of state. Those secretaries denied this, and Graham reversed himself, saying that he had spoken to the governor of Arizona and no official in Nevada. The Washington Post reported in February 2021 that Fani Willis ,

4032-522: A recount due to the small margin. While the recount was ongoing, Graham privately called the Georgia Secretary of State , Brad Raffensperger to discuss Georgia's vote counting. Raffensperger, a Republican, told The Washington Post that Graham had asked Raffensperger whether Raffensperger could disqualify all mail-in ballots in counties with more signature errors. Gabriel Sterling , a Republican election official and staffer to Raffensperger,

4176-702: A research facility and headquarters for the California Institute for Quantitative Biosciences , opened. Supported by a grant from alumnus James Simons , the Simons Institute for the Theory of Computing was established in 2012. In 2015, Berkeley and its sister campus, UCSF , established the Innovative Genomics Institute to develop CRISPR gene editing , and, in 2020, an anonymous donor pledged $ 252 million to help fund

4320-538: A standard at home football games, has recently expanded to involve basketball and volleyball. The traditional role comes from students holding megaphones and yelling, but now includes microphones, a dedicated platform during games, and the direction of the entire student section. Berkeley students are offered a variety of housing options, including university-owned or affiliated residences, private residences, fraternities and sororities, and cooperative housing (co-ops). Berkeley students, and those of other local schools, have

4464-674: A stint as an Air Force defense attorney, after which he was transferred to Rhein-Main Air Base in Frankfurt , Germany, where from 1984 to 1988 he was the Air Force's chief prosecutor in Europe. In 1984, as he was defending an Air Force pilot accused of using marijuana, he was featured in an episode of 60 Minutes that exposed the Air Force's defective drug-testing procedures. After his service in Europe, he returned to South Carolina, leaving active duty in 1989 and entering private practice as

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4608-532: A student regent, and a non-voting student regent-designate. Prior to 1952, Berkeley was the University of California, so the university president was also Berkeley's chief executive. In 1952, the university reorganized itself into a system of semi-autonomous campuses, with each campus having its own chief executive, a chancellor, who would, in turn, report to the president of the university system. Twelve vice-chancellors report directly to Berkeley's chancellor, and

4752-612: A system of semi-autonomous campuses, with each campus given a chancellor, and Clark Kerr became Berkeley's first Chancellor, while   Robert Sproul remained in place as the President of the University of California. Berkeley gained a worldwide reputation for political activism in the 1960s. In 1964, the Free Speech Movement organized student resistance to the university's restrictions on political activities on campus—most conspicuously, student activities related to

4896-693: A time when the love of country will trump hatred of Hillary Clinton", the Democratic nominee for president. In the November presidential election, Graham did not vote for Trump, saying, "I couldn't go where Donald Trump wanted to take the USA & GOP." He voted for independent candidate Evan McMullin . In March 2017, Graham held a meeting with Trump. Graham said that the meeting went so well that he passed his new phone number to Trump, in reference to their 2015 conflict. In October 2017, Graham and Trump played golf together on multiple occasions, with Graham praising

5040-543: A trustee of the College of California, suggested that a new campus site north of Oakland be named in honor of Anglo-Irish philosopher George Berkeley . The university began admitting women the following year. In 1870, Henry Durant , founder of the College of California, became its first president. With the completion of North and South Halls in 1873, the university relocated to its Berkeley location with 167 male and 22 female students. The first female student to graduate

5184-458: A university task force was formed which recommended renaming the athletic identity to "Cal Berkeley" to further tie the athletic brand to academic prestige, and reduce public confusion. The University of California is governed by a twenty-six member Board of Regents , eighteen of whom are appointed by the Governor of California to 12-year terms. The board also has seven ex officio members,

5328-584: Is Oski the Bear , who debuted in 1941. Previously, live bear cubs were used as mascots at Memorial Stadium until it was decided in 1940 that a costumed mascot would be a better alternative. Named after the Oski-wow-wow yell, he is cared for by the Oski Committee, whose members have exclusive knowledge of the identity of the costume-wearer. The University of California Marching Band , which has served

5472-493: Is classified among "R1: Doctoral Universities – Very high research activity". The Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory was originally founded as part of the university. Berkeley was a founding member of the Association of American Universities and was one of the original eight " Public Ivy " schools. In 2021, the federal funding for campus research and development exceeded $ 1 billion. Thirty-two libraries also compose

5616-661: Is also home to the University of California Botanical Garden , with more than 12,000 individual species. What is considered the historic campus today was the result of the 1898 "International Competition for the Phoebe Hearst Architectural Plan for the University of California," funded by William Randolph Hearst 's mother and initially held in the Belgian city of Antwerp ; eleven finalists were judged again in San Francisco in 1899. The winner

5760-683: Is an American lawyer and politician serving as the senior United States senator from South Carolina , a seat he has held since 2003. A member of the Republican Party , Graham chaired the Senate Committee on the Judiciary from 2019 to 2021. A native of Central, South Carolina , Graham received his Juris Doctor degree from the University of South Carolina School of Law in 1981. Most of his active duty during his military service happened from 1982 to 1988, when he served with

5904-490: Is an important symbol of California school spirit. The Big "C" has its roots in an early 20th-century campus event called "Rush," which pitted the freshman and sophomore classes against each other in a race up Charter Hill that often developed into a wrestling match. It was eventually decided to discontinue Rush and, in 1905, the freshman and sophomore classes banded together in a show of unity to build "the Big C." Students invented

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6048-620: Is decentralized; applicants apply directly to the department or degree program. Most graduate students are supported by fellowships, teaching assistantships, or research assistantships. Doe Library serves as the Berkeley library system 's reference, periodical, and administrative center, while most of the main collections reside in the subterranean Gardner Main Stacks and Moffitt Undergraduate Library. The Bancroft Library , which has over 400,000 printed volumes and 70 million manuscripts, pictures, and maps, maintains special collections that document

6192-402: Is largely considered to be a "southern fraternity," as many of its more notable alumni and chapters are located in the southern states, however the fraternity is expanding and has a growing presence in the northeast, at schools such as Sacred Heart University , the University of Connecticut , the University of New Hampshire , and the University of Maine . The Pi Kappa Phi Fraternity Journal

6336-474: The 2016 Republican primaries began. He was an outspoken critic of Donald Trump's 2016 candidacy and repeatedly said he did not support Trump; in particular, he took issue with Trump's comments on Graham's close friend, Senator John McCain . After a March 2017 meeting with Trump, Graham became a staunch ally of his, often issuing public statements in his defense. His reversal caught both parties by surprise and sparked media speculation. He became chairman of

6480-491: The Alpha chapter at the College of Charleston was suspended by the college following a probe investigating allegations of drug and alcohol use, hazing, and the alleged beating of a student. The fraternity is forbidden from recolonizing the campus until Fall 2019. In November 2017, a Florida State University (FSU) student named Andrew Coffey was found unresponsive the morning after an unaffiliated off campus house party. Coffey,

6624-529: The Anglo-Irish philosopher George Berkeley , it is the state's first land-grant university and is the founding campus of the University of California system. Berkeley has an enrollment of more than 45,000 students. The university is organized around fifteen schools of study on the same campus, including the College of Chemistry , the College of Engineering , and the Haas School of Business . It

6768-580: The Berkeley Student Food Collective , Students for Sensible Drug Policy, Cal Berkeley Democrats, and the Berkeley College Republicans. The Residence Hall Assembly (RHA) is the student-led umbrella organization that oversees event planning, legislation, sponsorships and other activities for over 7,200 on-campus undergraduate residents. Berkeley students also run a number of consulting groups, including

6912-745: The Berkeley library system which is the sixth largest research library by number of volumes held in the United States. Berkeley students compete in thirty varsity athletic sports, and the university is one of eighteen full-member institutions in the Atlantic Coast Conference (ACC). Berkeley's athletic teams, the California Golden Bears , have also won 107 national championships, 196 individual national titles, and 223 Olympic medals (including 121 gold). Berkeley's alumni , faculty, and researchers include 55 Nobel laureates and 19 Academy Award winners, and

7056-673: The Civil Rights Movement . The arrest in Sproul Plaza of Jack Weinberg , a recent Berkeley alumnus and chair of Campus CORE , prompted a series of student-led acts of formal remonstrance and civil disobedience that ultimately gave rise to the Free Speech Movement, which movement would prevail and serve as a precedent for student opposition to America's involvement in the Vietnam War. In 1982,

7200-704: The College of Charleston and former chief judge of the South Carolina Court of Appeals , 600,010 votes (54%) to 487,359 (44%). Graham thus became South Carolina's first new U.S. senator since Fritz Hollings in 1966. When Graham ran for a second term in 2008, he was challenged in the Republican primary by National Executive Committeeman of the South Carolina Republican Party , Buddy Witherspoon . Graham defeated him by 186,398 votes (66.82%) to 92,547 (33.18%), winning all but one of South Carolina's 46 counties. He then defeated

7344-647: The Fulton County, Georgia district attorney, was examining Graham's phone call to Raffensperger as part of a criminal investigation into possible efforts to illegally overturn Georgia's election results. On January 6, 2021, Graham, Vice President Mike Pence , and members of the Senate and House were evacuated from the Capitol building after Trump supporters attacked the United States Capitol . The joint session of Congress reconvened late into

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7488-514: The Judge Advocate General's Corps in the United States Air Force , as a defense attorney and then as the Air Force's chief prosecutor in Europe, based in West Germany . Later his entire service in the U.S. Air Force Reserve ran concurrently with his congressional career. He was awarded a Bronze Star Medal for meritorious service in 2014 and held the rank of colonel . Graham worked as a lawyer in private practice before serving one term in

7632-701: The Lawrence Hall of Science . The Museum of Paleontology, found in the lobby of the Valley Life Sciences Building, showcases a variety of dinosaur fossils including a complete cast of a Tyrannosaurus Rex. The campus also offers resources for innovation and entrepreneurship, such as the Big Ideas Competition, the Sutardja Center for Entrepreneurship and Technology, and the Berkeley Haas Innovation Lab. The campus

7776-656: The Mathematical Sciences Research Institute (MSRI) was established on campus with support from the National Science Foundation and at the request of three Berkeley mathematicians— Shiing-Shen Chern , Calvin Moore , and Isadore M. Singer . The institute is now widely regarded as a leading center for collaborative mathematical research, drawing thousands of visiting researchers from around the world each year. In

7920-612: The National Register of Historic Places . Built in 1873 in a Victorian Second-Empire-style , South Hall, designed by David Farquharson, is the oldest university building in California. It, and the Frederick Law Olmsted -designed Piedmont Avenue east of the main campus, are two of the only surviving examples of the nineteenth-century campus. Other notable architects and firms whose work can be found in

8064-619: The Sather Tower (nicknamed "the Campanile" after its architectural inspiration, St Mark's Campanile in Venice), the tallest university clock tower in the United States. Buildings he regarded as temporary and non-academic were designed in shingle or Collegiate Gothic styles; examples of these are North Gate Hall, Dwinelle Annex, and Stephens Hall. Many of Howard's designs are recognized California Historical Landmarks and are listed on

8208-675: The South Carolina House of Representatives from 1993 to 1995. He served four terms in the United States House of Representatives for South Carolina's 3rd congressional district from 1995 to 2003. In 2002 , Graham won the U.S. Senate seat vacated by retiring Republican incumbent Strom Thurmond . He was reelected to a fourth term in 2020 . In the Senate Graham advocates for strong national defense and aggressive interventionist foreign policy. Initially, he

8352-774: The Space Sciences Laboratory , the Mathematical Sciences Research Institute , an 800-acre (320-hectare) ecological preserve, the University of California Botanical Garden and a recreation center in Strawberry Canyon. Portions of the mostly undeveloped, eastern area of the campus are actually within the City of Oakland ; these portions extend from the Claremont Resort north through the Panoramic Hill neighborhood to Tilden Park . To

8496-797: The University of California, Los Angeles . In 1905, the University Farm was established near Sacramento , ultimately becoming the University of California, Davis . In 1919, the Los Angeles branch of the California State Normal School became the southern branch of the university, which ultimately became the University of California, Los Angeles . By the 1920s, the number of campus buildings in Berkeley had grown substantially and included twenty structures designed by architect John Galen Howard . In 1917, one of

8640-486: The University of Kansas chapter was shut down after university officials investigated repeated incidents of hazing and illicit drug use. The chapter was expelled from the university for 5 years, ending in the spring of 2026. Similarly, the Iota Psi chapter at Boise State University was suspended for five years following "repeated violations," according to the school. In 2019, the University of Texas at Austin chapter

8784-522: The University of North Florida was suspended after asking a pledge to vandalize the campus and offering him marijuana. In 2010, the fraternity at the University of Georgia (UGA) was suspended after a father of a pledge wrote an anonymous letter to UGA's Greek Life Office detailing the abusive hazing rituals his son endured in order to be fully welcomed into the fraternity. In 2000, the California State University, Chico chapter

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8928-467: The University of Pittsburgh was also suspended, along with several others, for violating the university’s health and safety guidelines related to COVID-19. Nine students from the fraternity at SUNY Plattsburgh were suspended for violating campus rules and local laws related to alcohol, nuisance, hazing, and endangerment, and the fraternity was issued a cease and desist order that ended its status as an officially recognized student organization. In 2020,

9072-555: The laws of war . In 1998, the Capitol Hill daily newspaper The Hill contended that Graham was describing himself on his website as an Operation Desert Shield and Desert Storm veteran. Graham responded: "I have not told anybody I'm a combatant. I'm not a war hero, and never said I was. ... If I have lied about my military record, I'm not fit to serve in Congress", further noting that he "never deployed". In 1998, Graham

9216-429: The "University shall have for its design, to provide instruction and thorough and complete education in all departments of science, literature and art, industrial and professional pursuits, and general education, and also special courses of instruction in preparation for the professions." Ten faculty members and forty male students made up the fledgling university when it opened in Oakland in 1869. Frederick Billings ,

9360-525: The 1930s, Ernest Orlando Lawrence helped establish the Radiation Laboratory (now Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory ) and invented the cyclotron , which won him the Nobel physics prize in 1939. Using the cyclotron, Berkeley professors and Berkeley Lab researchers went on to discover sixteen chemical elements —more than any other university in the world. In particular, during World War II and following Glenn Seaborg 's then-secret discovery of plutonium, Lawrence's Radiation Laboratory began to contract with

9504-462: The Berkeley campus is in the city limits of Berkeley with portion of the property extending into Oakland . It encompasses approximately 1,232-acres, though the "central campus" occupies only the low-lying western 178-acres of this area. Of the remaining acres, approximately 200-acres are occupied by the Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory; other facilities above the main campus include the Lawrence Hall of Science and several research units, notably

9648-419: The Bill and Melinda Gates Foundation, billionaire Sir Li Ka-Shing , Israeli-Russian billionaire Yuri Milner , Thomas and Stacey Siebel , Sanford and Joan Weill , and professor Gordon Rausser ($ 50 million gift in 2020). Hundreds of millions of dollars have been given anonymously. The 2008–13 "Campaign for Berkeley" raised $ 3.13 billion from 281,855 donors, and the "Light the Way" campaign, which concluded at

9792-459: The College of Charleston were the only two South Carolina schools where fraternities were allowed. A third chapter was formed at the University of California, Berkeley , Gamma chapter , which was the first chapter of the Fraternity to obtain a house. Kroeg developed "Articles of Incorporation" and the name Pi Kappa Phi became legally registered in the state of South Carolina on December 23, 1907. The interest in Pi Kappa Phi within South Carolina

9936-431: The Democratic nominee, pilot and engineer Bob Conley , in the general election, 1,076,534 votes (57.53%) to 790,621 (42.25%), having outspent Conley by $ 6.6 million to $ 15,000. Of all the Republican senators up for reelection in 2014, Graham was considered one of the most vulnerable to a primary challenge, largely due to his low approval ratings and reputation for working with and compromising with Democrats. He expected

10080-421: The Haas ( Walter A. Haas , Rhoda Haas Goldman , Walter A. Haas Jr. , Peter E. Haas , Bob Haas ) family. Berkeley has also benefited from benefactors beyond its alumni ranks, notable among which are Mark Zuckerberg and Priscilla Chan ; Vitalik Buterin , Patrick Collison , John Collison , the Ron Conway family, Daniel Gross , Dustin Moskovitz and Cari Tuna , along with Jane Street principals; BP ;

10224-586: The Haas School of Business (1), College of Chemistry (5), College of Engineering (20), College of Environmental Design (4), College of Letters and Science (67), Rausser College of Natural Resources (10), and individual majors (2). The most popular majors are electrical engineering and computer sciences , political science , molecular and cell biology , environmental science , and economics . Requirements for undergraduate degrees include an entry-level writing requirement before enrollment (typically fulfilled by minimum scores on standardized admissions exams such as

10368-537: The President and the Vice President of the United States on January the 20th." In the resulting second impeachment trial of Donald Trump , Graham voted "not guilty". On May 28, 2021, Graham voted against creating the January 6 commission . In August 2021, The New York Times reported that Graham called Biden days after the election in an effort to revive their friendship and told Biden he had called for

10512-499: The Republican primary with 52% of the vote, defeating Bob Cantrell (33%) and Ed Allgood (15%). In the general election, Graham defeated Democratic State Senator James Bryan Jr., 60% to 40%. As a part of that year's Republican Revolution , Graham became the first Republican to represent the district since 1877. In 1996, he was challenged by Debbie Dorn, the niece of Butler Derrick and daughter of Derrick's predecessor, 13-term Democratic congressman William Jennings Bryan Dorn . Graham

10656-532: The SAT or ACT), completing coursework on "American History and Institutions" before or after enrollment by taking an introductory class, passing an "American Cultures Breadth" class at Berkeley, as well as requirements for reading and composition and specific requirements declared by the department and school. Berkeley has a "comprehensive" graduate program, with high coexistence with the programs offered to undergraduates, and offers interdisciplinary graduate programs with

10800-748: The Senate Judiciary Committee in January 2019, and led the U.S. Supreme Court confirmation hearings for Amy Coney Barrett , who was confirmed in October 2020. Lindsey Olin Graham was born in Central, South Carolina , where his parents, Millie (Walters) and Florence James "F.J." Graham, ran a restaurant/bar/pool hall/liquor store, the Sanitary Cafe. His family is of Scots-Irish descent. After graduating from D. W. Daniel High School , Graham became

10944-675: The Senate Judiciary Committee, announced that he would become chair of the Senate Finance Committee , and that Graham would take his place as chair of the Judiciary Committee, pending his formal selection by colleagues. Graham is a member of the board of directors of the International Republican Institute . In July 2015, when Graham was a presidential candidate, he called Donald Trump , then another presidential candidate,

11088-516: The Senate floor, telling him he "did right by his friend." On May 14, 2019, Graham came under scrutiny, including from Senator Joe Manchin , after encouraging Donald Trump Jr. to ignore a subpoena delivered by the Senate Intelligence Committee . In July 2019, Graham said he did not think Trump was racist and that he did not think that Trump's statements that certain Democratic congresswomen should "go back and help fix

11232-589: The U.S. Army to develop the atomic bomb. Physics professor J. Robert Oppenheimer was named scientific head of the Manhattan Project in 1942. Along with the Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley founded and was then a partner in managing two other labs, Los Alamos National Laboratory (1943) and Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory (1952). In 1952, the University of California reorganized itself into

11376-458: The UC Office of the President and accounts for 12 percent of Berkeley's total revenues. Berkeley has benefited from private philanthropy and alumni and their foundations have given to the university for operations and capital expenditures with the more prominent being J. Paul Getty , Ann Getty , Sanford Diller , Donald Fisher , Flora Lamson Hewlett , David Schwartz ( Bio-Rad ) and members of

11520-700: The University of California (ASUC) is the official student association that controls funding for student groups and organizes on-campus student events. The two main political parties are "Student Action" and "CalSERVE." The organization was founded in 1887 and has an annual operating budget of $ 1.7 million (excluding the budget of the Graduate Assembly of the ASUC), in addition to various investment assets. Its alumni include multiple State Senators, Assemblymembers, and White House Administration officials. Berkeley's student-run online television station, CalTV ,

11664-459: The campus and surrounding area are Bernard Maybeck (Faculty Club); Julia Morgan (Hearst Women's Gymnasium and Julia Morgan Hall ); William Wurster (Stern Hall); Moore Ruble Yudell (Haas School of Business); Tod Williams Billie Tsien Architects (C.V. Starr East Asian Library), and Diller Scofidio + Renfro (Berkeley Art Museum and Pacific Film Archive). Flowing into the main campus are two branches of Strawberry Creek . The south fork enters

11808-447: The challenge. He befriended potential opponents from the state's congressional delegation and helped them with fundraising and securing their preferred committee assignments; he assembled a "daunting multi-million-dollar political operation" dubbed the "Graham machine " that built six regional offices across the state and enlisted the support of thousands of paid staffers and volunteers, including over 5,000 precinct captains ; he assembled

11952-584: The chapter at Pennsylvania State University was shut down for hazing pledges, alcohol abuse, and disorderly conduct. It was re-colonized in the spring of 2018. In Spring 2015, the fraternity at the Elon University was kicked off the campus until 2017 for hazing and hosting an unapproved event. After the death of University of Missouri freshman Jack Lipp at a Pi Kappa Phi fraternity rush party in December 2014, his parents settled for $ 5 million with

12096-441: The chapter at the University of Arizona was kicked off campus for several violations. A thorough investigation found the chapter guilty of hazing, alcohol violations (including furnishing alcohol to minors), conduct endangering others, and other state or federal law violations. In 2022, the chapter at Clemson University was suspended for four years mainly due to hazing. It was reported that pledges acted as servants to members of

12240-576: The college football tradition of card stunts . Then known as Bleacher Stunts, they were first performed during the 1910 Big Game and consisted of two stunts: a picture of the Stanford Axe and a large blue "C" on a white background. The tradition is continued today by the Rally Committee in the Cal student section and incorporates complicated motions, for example tracing the Cal script logo on

12384-490: The current century, Berkeley has become less politically active, although more liberal. Democrats outnumber Republicans on the faculty by a ratio of nine to one, which is a ratio similar to that of American academia generally. The school has become more focused on STEM disciplines and fundraising. In 2007, the Energy Biosciences Institute was established with funding from BP and Stanley Hall,

12528-400: The deans of the fifteen colleges and schools report to the executive vice chancellor and provost, Berkeley's chief academic officer. Twenty-three presidents and chancellors have led Berkeley since its founding. Presidents Chancellors With the exception of government contracts, public support is apportioned to Berkeley and the other campuses of the University of California system through

12672-658: The end of 2023, has raised over $ 6.2 billion. Berkeley is a large, primarily residential research university with a majority of its enrolment in undergraduate programs but also offering a comprehensive doctoral program. The university has been accredited by the Western Association of Schools and Colleges Senior College and University Commission since 1949. The university operates on a semester calendar and awarded 8,725 bachelor's, 3,286 master's or professional and 1,272 doctoral degrees in 2018–2019. There are 1,789 full-time and 886 part-time faculty members among

12816-587: The first member of his family to attend college, and joined the Reserve Officers' Training Corps . When he was 21, his mother died of Hodgkin's lymphoma , aged 52, and his father died 15 months later of a heart attack , aged 69. Because his then-13-year-old sister was left orphaned, the service allowed Graham to attend the University of South Carolina in Columbia so he could remain near home as his sister's legal guardian. During his studies, he became

12960-570: The first outing. In November 2017, Graham criticized the media's reporting on Trump: "What concerns me about the American press is this endless, endless attempt to label the guy some kind of kook not fit to be president." (In February 2016, Graham said of Trump: "I think he's a kook. I think he's crazy. I think he's unfit for office.") In April 2018, Graham said that he would support Trump's reelection in 2020. In January 2019, Graham said that Republicans must support Trump's policies: "If we undercut

13104-493: The fraternity and were often berated and humiliated for various reasons. On February 11, 2022, members of the Beta Chapter of the fraternity at Presbyterian College were involved in what the school's president called "racist, misogynistic, and hateful behaviors" before a women's lacrosse game vs. Howard University , a HBCU , at the college. After a three month independent investigation, several students were expelled and

13248-475: The fraternity was permanently removed from campus. In 2021, the chapter at Virginia Tech was removed from campus and lost its national charter after it was determined they were guilty of hazing and causing upwards of $ 18,000 worth of damage to their on-campus fraternity house. In 2020, the fraternity at the University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign was put on interim suspension after holding large parties linked to outbreaks of COVID-19 cases. The fraternity at

13392-489: The full House vote on the proposed articles of impeachment, Graham voted for three of the four proposed articles of impeachment. He voted against the second count of perjury in the Paula Jones case. This made him the only Republican on the Judiciary Committee to vote against any of the proposed articles of impeachment. During the inquiry, Graham asked, "Is this Watergate or Peyton Place ?" The House passed two of

13536-465: The hand was written the meeting time and the host's last name. The Nu Phi group assigned a member to kidnap those who might vote for the fraternity ticket on election day. However, the Nu Phi ticket lost the elections. Later, it was revealed that several disloyal members cast their votes for the opposing fraternity slate. Kroeg, determined to see his friends have a chance at winning elections, decided that

13680-842: The history of the western part of North America, with an emphasis on California, Mexico and Central America. The Bancroft Library also houses the Mark Twain Papers, the Oral History Center, the Center for the Tebtunis Papyri, and the University Archives. In his memoirs, Clark Kerr records Berkeley's rise in the rankings (according to the National Academies ) during the 20th century. The school's first ranking in 1906 placed it among

13824-469: The impeachment articles . Graham served as a House impeachment manager in the impeachment trial . During his service in the House, Graham served on the following committees: In 2002, longtime U.S. senator Strom Thurmond decided to retire. Graham ran to succeed him and won the Republican primary unopposed. In the general election, he defeated Democratic nominee Alex Sanders , the former president of

13968-589: The integrity of the 2020 elections", including Hopkins's. Hopkins's affidavit was released by Project Veritas , a controversial conservative organization known for using deceptive tactics; Project Veritas later released a recording in which Hopkins says that he did not hear his postmaster explicitly discuss backdating ballots, and that Project Veritas wrote his affidavit for him. The 2020 United States presidential election in Georgia produced an initial count where Biden defeated Trump by around 14,000 votes, triggering

14112-637: The maintenance of the six Cal flags, the large California banner overhanging the Memorial Stadium Student Section and Haas Pavilion , the California Victory Cannon, Card Stunts and The Big "C" among other duties. The Rally Committee is also responsible for safekeeping of the Stanford Axe when it is in Cal's possession. Overlooking the main Berkeley campus from the foothills in the east, The Big "C"

14256-523: The medical schools at the University of California, San Francisco and Stanford University . The university offers Master of Arts , Master of Science , Master of Fine Arts , and PhD degrees in addition to professional degrees such as the Juris Doctor , Master of Business Administration , Master of Public Health , and Master of Design . The university awarded 963 doctoral degrees and 3,531 master's degrees in 2017. Admission to graduate programs

14400-475: The most notable members are Senator Lindsey Graham , former Wisconsin Governor and founder of Earth Day Gaylord Nelson , baseball hall of famer Joe Sewell , social media entrepreneur and actor Jimmy Tatro , politician George Wallace Jr. , and several former governors of the states of Mississippi, South Carolina, North Carolina, and Pennsylvania. Pi Kappa Phi was founded in 1904 by Andrew Alexander Kroeg Jr.,

14544-559: The nation's first ROTC programs was established at Berkeley and its School of Military Aeronautics began training pilots, including Jimmy Doolittle . In 1926, future Fleet Admiral Chester W. Nimitz established the first Naval ROTC unit at Berkeley. Berkeley ROTC alumni include former Secretary of Defense Robert McNamara , Army Chief of Staff Frederick C. Weyand , sixteen other general officers , ten Navy flag officers , and AFROTC alumna Captain Theresa Claiborne . In

14688-426: The nation. Berkeley doctoral programs that received a #1 ranking included English, German, Political Science, Geography, Agricultural and Resource Economics, Mathematics, Physics, Chemistry, Biochemistry, Molecular Biology, Genetics, Genomics, Epidemiology, Plant Biology, Computer Science, Electrical Engineering, Mechanical Engineering, and Civil and Environmental Engineering. For Fall 2022, Berkeley's total enrollment

14832-520: The night and the early morning in the Senate chamber to count and confirm the Electoral College votes. Graham spoke, disagreeing with many of his Republican colleagues, who mostly supported Trump's denials of the election's results , saying, "it's a uniquely bad idea to delay this election", and though "I hate it", they could "count me out, enough is enough". He finished by saying, "Joe Biden and Kamala Harris are lawfully elected and will become

14976-438: The only way to gain the influence of the fraternity men on campus was to begin his own fraternity. On December 10, 1904, a meeting of the loyal Nu Phis was held at Fogarty's home at 90 Broad Street to establish a new fraternity. There were seven men in attendance at the meeting: Kroeg, Fogarty, Mixson, Anthony Pelzer Wagener, Thomas F. Mosimann, Theodore ("Teddy") Barnwell Kelley, and James Fogarty (Simon's younger brother). All of

15120-408: The only way to honor John McCain is to trash out Trump." He also said, "The bottom line here is I'm going to help President Trump." McCain had banned Trump from his funeral. Trump's daughter Ivanka attended his funeral, reportedly at the invitation of Graham, who had reportedly gotten McCain's wife's permission. According to Graham, Trump called him after he delivered an emotional farewell to McCain on

15264-596: The option of living in one of the twenty cooperative houses participating in the Berkeley Student Cooperative (BSC), a nonprofit housing cooperative network consisting of 20 residences and 1250 member-owners. About three percent of undergraduate men and nine percent of undergraduate women—or 3,400 of total undergraduates—are active in Berkeley's Greek system. University-sanctioned fraternities and sororities comprise over 60 houses affiliated with four Greek councils. The Associated Students of

15408-456: The option should be "on the table" for Republican state legislators to invalidate election results due to alleged "corruption" by appointing presidential electors who would vote for Trump. After receiving an affidavit by Pennsylvania postal worker Richard Hopkins alleging that his postmaster discussed backdating mail ballots, Graham issued a statement that "all credible allegations of voting irregularities and misconduct be investigated to ensure

15552-527: The original members were students at the college and had grown up together in Charleston. Wagener, who was a student of Greek and Latin, recommended the letters Pi Kappa Phi and their secret meaning as the official new name of the group. Simon proposed the design of the fraternity's pin, a black enamel diamond with the Greek letters ΠΚΦ engraved in gold with a star and lamp as additional elements. Kroeg

15696-749: The original site of the Campus Arboretum. Trees in the area date from the founding of the university. The campus features numerous wooded areas, including: Founders' Rock , Faculty Glade, Grinnell Natural Area, and the Eucalyptus Grove, which is both the tallest stand of such trees in the world and the tallest stand of hardwood trees in North America. The campus sits on the Hayward Fault , which runs directly through California Memorial Stadium. The official university mascot

15840-435: The president, that's the end of his presidency and the end of our party." In February 2019 Mark Leibovich interviewed Graham for The New York Times Magazine . He asked Graham how he became a prominent Trump supporter. Graham responded that he was attempting "to be relevant": "I've got an opportunity up here working with the president to get some really good outcomes for the country ... I have never been called this much by

15984-537: The property owner and future developers of the site. The lawsuit, initially filed for negligence in repairing a broken railing, alleged that the property owner was aware of the insecure railing before Lipp's fatal fall. Despite complaints about the balcony's safety, repairs were not scheduled as the property was slated for demolition. The incident occurred during an out-of-control rush party at Pi Kappa Phi fraternity, leading to Lipp's death. An alleged pledge notebook of Pi Kappa Phi's North Carolina State University chapter

16128-435: The top six schools ("Big Six") in the nation. In 1934, it ranked second, tied with Columbia and the University of Chicago , behind only Harvard ; in 1957, it was ranked as the only school second to Harvard. In 1964, Berkeley was named the "best balanced distinguished university", meaning the school had not only the most top departments but also the highest percentage of top ranking departments in its school. The school in 1993

16272-647: The totally broken and crime infested places from which they came" were racist. Graham said, "I don't think a Somali refugee embracing Trump would be asked to go back. If you're racist, you want everybody to go back because they are black or Muslim." Earlier in August 2018, The Washington Post reported that Graham had said, "I have never heard him make a single racist statement. Not even close." On October 8, 2019, during an interview with Jonathan Swan of Axios , Graham condemned Trump's announcement of an intention to withdraw U.S. troops from northern Syria, saying that Trump

16416-541: The university also owns land to the northwest of the main campus, a married student housing complex in the nearby town of Albany ("Albany Village" and the "Gill Tract"), and a field research station several miles to the north in Richmond, California . The campus is home to several museums including the University of California Museum of Paleontology , the Berkeley Art Museum and Pacific Film Archive , and

16560-538: The university is also a producer of Rhodes Scholars , Marshall Scholars , and Fulbright Scholars . Made possible by President Lincoln 's signing of the Morrill Act in 1862, the University of California was founded in 1868 as the state's first land-grant university, inheriting the land and facilities of the private College of California and the federal-funding eligibility of a public agricultural, mining, and mechanical arts college. The Organic Act states that

16704-626: The university since 1891, performs at every home football game and at select road games as well. A smaller subset of the Cal Band, the Straw Hat Band, performs at basketball games, volleyball games, and other campus and community events. The UC Rally Committee, formed in 1901, is the official guardian of California's Spirit and Traditions. Wearing their traditional blue and gold rugbies, Rally Committee members can be seen at all major sporting and spirit events. Committee members are charged with

16848-421: The university's academic enterprise which is organized into fifteen colleges and schools that comprise 180 departments and 80 interdisciplinary units offering over 350 degree programs. Colleges serve both undergraduate and graduate students, while schools are generally graduate only, though some offer undergraduate majors or minors: The four-year, full-time undergraduate program offers 107 bachelor's degrees across

16992-410: The university. The fraternity is being sued by Villa's family. In December 2013, two Pi Kappa Phi members were arrested and charged with harassment at the University of Tennessee at Knoxville . The fraternity members were retaliating against a former pledge who reported to school officials physical and verbal abuse he experienced while he was seeking to join the fraternity. In 2012, the fraternity at

17136-561: The upscale residential neighborhoods of the Berkeley Hills . Immediately southeast of campus lies fraternity row and beyond that the Clark Kerr Campus and an upscale residential area named Claremont . The area south of the university includes student housing and Telegraph Avenue , one of Berkeley's main shopping districts with stores, street vendors and restaurants catering to college students and tourists. In addition,

17280-445: The vote, respectively. Democrat Jaime Harrison challenged Graham in the 2020 Senate election. The race was unexpectedly competitive, with many polls in the last few months of the race showing it as very close. Harrison also had record fundraising numbers. Despite this, Graham defeated Harrison by more than ten percentage points, 54.4% to 44.2%, in the November 3 general election. In November 2018, Senator Chuck Grassley , chair of

17424-455: The west of the central campus is the downtown business district of Berkeley ; to the northwest is the neighborhood of North Berkeley, including the so-called Gourmet Ghetto , a commercial district known for high quality dining due to the presence of such world-renowned restaurants as Chez Panisse . Immediately to the north is a quiet residential neighborhood known as Northside with a large graduate student population; situated north of that are

17568-486: Was 45,745: 32,831 undergraduate and 12,914 graduate students, with women accounting for 56% of undergraduates and 49% of graduate and professional students. It had 128,226 freshman applicants and accepted 14,614 (11.4%). Among enrolled freshman, the average unweighted GPA was 3.90. Berkeley's enrollment of National Merit Scholars was third in the nation until 2002, when participation in the National Merit program

17712-682: Was Frenchman Émile Bénard , who refused to personally supervise the implementation of his plan and the task was subsequently given to architecture professor John Galen Howard . Howard designed over twenty buildings, which set the tone for the campus up until its expansion in the 1950s and 1960s. The structures forming the "classical core" of the campus were built in the Beaux-Arts Classical style, and include Hearst Greek Theatre , Hearst Memorial Mining Building , Doe Memorial Library , California Hall, Wheeler Hall , Le Conte Hall, Gilman Hall, Haviland Hall, Wellman Hall, Sather Gate , and

17856-582: Was a hazing ritual. Nineteen-year-old Armando Villa died during the trip to the Angeles National Forest. Villa's family reported that other boys on the hike said they were "left barefoot with very little water to share between the boys, and no cellphones, and to find their way out of the forest." In September 2014, the University announced that the national and local chapters of the Pi Kappa Phi fraternity voted to withdraw permanently from

18000-449: Was a member of their rival fraternity on campus Phi Kappa Psi , leaving him with a fractured skull and a traumatic brain injury. As a result, the fraternity was placed on suspension, some members faced criminal charges, and the attacked student filed a lawsuit against the fraternity. In 2017, the chapter at Central Michigan University was suspended indefinitely by the university for failure to adhere to previous sanctions. In July 2017,

18144-585: Was an early effort to impeach Clinton, predating the eruption of the Clinton–Lewinsky scandal . The eruption of that scandal ultimately led to a more serious effort to impeach Clinton in 1998. On October 8, 1998, Graham voted in favor of legislation to open an impeachment inquiry . He was a member of the Judiciary Committee , which conducted the inquiry. In both the Judiciary Committee vote on forwarding proposed articles of impeachment , and

18288-653: Was begun in 1909, with Henry Wagener as editor. In 1911, the name was changed to The Star and Lamp. In 2024, three members of the chapter at the University of Alabama were arrested after multiple reports of hazing came out against the fraternity. Among the allegations, students alleged they were "forced to their hands and knees as part of the fraternity’s 'Rules Night,'" and "While on their hands and knees, pledges were yelled at, stepped on, pushed, had items thrown at them, and had beer poured on them." Furthermore, additional video has shown they were forced to "perform forced calisthenics, including wall sits and push-ups." In 2024,

18432-666: Was discontinued. For 2019, Berkeley ranked fourth in enrollment of recipients of the National Merit $ 2,500 Scholarship (132 scholars). 27% of admitted students receive federal Pell grants . Berkeley students are eligible for a variety of public and private financial aid. Inquiries are processed through the Financial Aid and Scholarships Office, although schools such as the Haas School of Business and Berkeley Law , have their own financial aid offices. Much of

18576-575: Was dissolved and later permanently banned after the alcohol-related hazing death of freshman student Adrian Heideman. In response to Heideman's death the national chapter created an alcohol-awareness video for distribution to all members, "The Choice Is Yours." As of 2013 Pi Kappa Phi reports having over 113,000 members. Pi Kappa Phi has granted 231 charters, with an average chapter size of 55. There are 168 active chartered chapters plus 19 associate chapters ( colonies ). Lindsey Graham Lindsey Olin Graham ( / ɡ r æ m / ; born July 9, 1955)

18720-493: Was formed in 2005 and broadcasts online. It is run by students with a variety of backgrounds and majors. Since the mid-2010s, it has been a program of the ASUC . Berkeley's independent student-run newspaper is The Daily Californian . Founded in 1871, The Daily Cal became independent in 1971 after the campus administration fired three senior editors for encouraging readers to take back People's Park . The Daily Californian has both

18864-479: Was found in Raleigh. It contained numerous racist statements and comments about raping women and girls. The national organization placed the chapter on an interim suspension. NCSU suspended all social events at the chapter that involved alcohol. A student pledging the California State University, Northridge chapter of Pi Kappa Phi died in the summer of 2014 during a mandatory 18-mile hike in what his family alleges

19008-463: Was growing despite laws and policies banning fraternities. In 1909, Delta chapter at Furman University formed and operated in secret until state laws changed, allowing fraternal organizations. In 1910, a charter was granted to Sigma chapter at the University of South Carolina and the chapter was operated as the Sigma Club due to the laws banning fraternities. In modern times, the fraternity

19152-597: Was improper for Graham to serve as a military judge. In 2007, Graham served in Iraq as a reservist on active duty for a short period in April and for two weeks in August, where he worked on detainee and rule-of-law issues. He also served in Afghanistan during the August 2009 Senate recess. He was then assigned as a senior instructor at the Judge Advocate General 's School, though he never went. In 2014, Graham received

19296-572: Was in 1874, admitted in the first class to include women in 1870. Beginning in 1891, Phoebe Apperson Hearst funded several programs and new buildings and, in 1898, sponsored an international competition in Antwerp , where French architect Émile Bénard submitted the winning design for a campus master plan. Although the University of California system does not have an official flagship campus , many scholars and experts consider Berkeley to be its unofficial flagship. It shares this unofficial status with

19440-413: Was known for his willingness to be bipartisan and work with Democrats on issues like campaign finance reform , a ban on waterboarding , cap and trade , immigration reform , and judicial nominees. He has criticized the Tea Party movement , arguing for a more inclusive Republican Party. Graham sought the Republican nomination for president between June and December 2015, dropping out before

19584-430: Was present on the call; Sterling confirmed that Graham had asked that question. Raffensperger viewed Graham's question as a suggestion to throw out legally cast ballots. Graham denied suggesting this. Graham acknowledged calling Raffensperger to find out how to "protect the integrity of mail-in voting" and "how does signature verification work", but said that if Raffensperger "feels threatened by that conversation, he's got

19728-537: Was promoted to lieutenant colonel . In 2004, he received his promotion to colonel in the U.S. Air Force Reserve at a White House ceremony officiated by President George W. Bush . That year, a lower court determined that Graham's service as a military judge while a sitting member of the Senate was acceptable. In 2006, the Court of Appeals for the Armed Forces set aside the lower court's ruling after concluding it

19872-470: Was putting the nation and his presidency at risk, and that it was without the support of key national security advisers. Media focused on Graham's reversals and Trump's apparent lack of appreciation for his advice. In December 2019, as two articles of impeachment against Trump moved to a vote before the full House and referral to the Senate for trial, Graham said, "I am trying to give a pretty clear signal I have made up my mind. I'm not trying to pretend to be

20016-546: Was reelected, defeating Dorn 60% to 40%. In 1998, he was reelected to a third term unopposed. In 2000, he was reelected to a fourth term, defeating Democratic nominee George Brightharp, 68% to 30%. In 1997, Graham took part in a leadership challenge against House Speaker Newt Gingrich . In November 1997, Graham was one of 18 House Republicans to co-sponsor a resolution by Bob Barr that sought to launch an impeachment inquiry into President Bill Clinton . The resolution did not specify any charges or allegations. This

20160-461: Was selected as the new chapter's first president, which was termed " Archon ", from the Greek term. He then began work on a constitution for chapter. The group quickly set out to recruit new members to its ranks. On December 10, 1905, the first anniversary of the fraternity's founding, Mixson's mother cooked the men a special dinner in her home to celebrate a successful first year as a fraternity. The fraternity celebrate that date as "Founders Day" with

20304-402: Was shut down after university officials investigated submitted complaints of hazing. This was the second chapter to be shut down at UT, the fraternity having only been re-colonized there about 12 years prior; the first chapter was shut down in 2000 for similar reasons. In 2019, several members of the fraternity at Texas State University brutally attacked a fellow student they mistakenly assumed

20448-549: Was the only remaining member of the original 1906 "Big Six", along with Harvard; in that year Berkeley ranked first. The American Council on Education , a private non-profit association, ranked Berkeley tenth in 1934. However, by 1942, private funding had helped Berkeley rise to second place, behind only Harvard, based on the number of distinguished departments. In 1985, Yale University admissions officer Richard Moll published Public Ivies: A Guide to America's Best Public Undergraduate Colleges and Universities which named Berkeley

20592-717: Was unpaid as an Air Force officer while a congressman and senator as he was ineligible for a military paycheck during his time in federal government service. In 1992, Graham was elected to the South Carolina House of Representatives from the 2nd district, in Oconee County . He defeated Democratic incumbent Lowell W. Ross by 60% to 40% and served one term, from 1993 to 1995. In 1994, 20-year incumbent Democratic U.S. congressman Butler Derrick of South Carolina's northwestern-based 3rd congressional district decided to retire. Graham ran to succeed him and, with Republican U.S. senator Strom Thurmond campaigning on his behalf, won

20736-572: Was visiting the campus and decided to attend the fraternity's house party. A fraternity member confessed to the rape and was arrested. A few months prior to the rape incident at USF, another rape allegation involving the fraternity at Purdue University was reported to the campus police department In 2016, the fraternity at the Miami University was suspended for multiple hazing and alcohol violations. In 2016, four fraternity members at Radford University were arrested for hazing. In 2015,

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