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40-566: Pikit , officially the Municipality of Pikit ( Maguindanaon : Inged nu Pikit , Jawi : ايڠد نو ڤيكت; Hiligaynon : Banwa sang Pikit ; Cebuano : Lungsod sa Pikit ; Tagalog : Bayan ng Pikit ) is a 1st class municipality in the province of Cotabato , Philippines . According to the 2020 census, it has a population of 67,024 people. Pikit was the oldest settlement ever founded in Cotabato province. The landmark which eventually became

80-481: A resettlement policy called reductions , smaller, scattered barangays were consolidated (and thus "reduced") to form compact towns. Each barangay was headed by the cabeza de barangay (barangay chief), who formed part of the principalía , the elite ruling class of the municipalities of the Spanish Philippines. This position was inherited from the first datus and came to be known as such during

120-527: A plebiscite on April 13, 2024. The municipality is bounded on the north by the Municipality of Aleosan , on the south by Pagalungan , Maguindanao , on the west by the Municipality of Midsayap and the Liguasan marsh and on the east by the Municipality of Datu Montawal . Pikit is politically subdivided into 20 barangays .   Each barangay consists of puroks while some have sitios . In

160-566: A river boat called "Hall", followed the Rio Grande de Mindanao. The Rio Grande where the colonists landed is now a corn field. It became dry land due to the cut-off river found in Kulanguan, Tunggol, Pagalungan, Maguindanao . The first batch of colonists were distributed at Ladtingan, Calawag, Ginatilan, Panicupan, Manding and Inug-ug. They belonged to Colony No. 1, while other colonists followed in 1914 up to 1915 and they were assigned in

200-405: A single source, Juan de Plascencia's 1589 report Las costumbres de los indios Tagalos de Filipinas . However, historian Damon Woods challenges the concept of a barangay as an indigenous political organization primarily due to a lack of linguistic evidence. Based on indigenous language documents, Tagalogs did not use the word barangay to describe themselves or their communities. Instead, barangay

240-467: A written l , and the prevalence by which it is used or is dominant denotes the local dialects of Maguindanaon. /l/ may also be heard as a retroflex [ɭ] in intervocalic positions. The Laya (Raya) or lowland dialect of Maguindanaon, spoken in and around Cotabato City, prefers the flapped r over l , while the more conservative upland variety spoken in Datu Piang and inland areas favors l . As in

280-635: Is 17,966,165,354(PHP). Maguindanao language The Maguindanaon language is the native language of the Maguindanaon people of the province of Maguindanao located in the west of Mindanao island in the south of the Philippines. It was the language of the Sultanate of Maguindanao , which lasted until near the end of the Spanish colonial period in the late 19th century. The earliest works on

320-597: Is argued to be a Spanish invention resulting from an attempt by the Spaniards to reconstruct pre-conquest Tagalog society. The first barangays started as relatively small communities of around 50 to 100 families. By the time of contact with the Spaniards, many barangays had developed into large communities. The encomienda of 1604 shows that many affluent and powerful coastal barangays in Sulu , Butuan , Panay , Leyte , Cebu , Pampanga , Pangasinan , Pasig , Laguna , and

360-793: Is because most of the people were relying on fishing for their supply of protein and their livelihood. They also traveled mostly by water, up and down rivers and along the coasts. Trails always followed river systems, which were also a major source of water for bathing, washing, and drinking. The coastal barangays were more accessible to trade with foreigners. These were ideal places for economic activity to develop. Business with traders from other countries also meant contact with other cultures and civilizations, such as those of Japan , Han Chinese , Indians , and Arabs . These coastal communities acquired more cosmopolitan cultures with developed social structures (sovereign principalities), ruled by established royalties and nobilities. During Spanish rule , through

400-462: Is made from mature coconut nuts. It is done by splitting the nut and drying the coconut meat by solar drying or by the use of dryers. Upon reaching a moisture content of about 14 to 16%, it is packed in PE sacks of 50 to 60 kg in weight. Copra is the major raw material used in production of refined edible cooking oil and other coconut based products. The Gross Domestic Product of the Municipality (2022)

440-609: Is sometimes stopped and continued, In the absence of an SK, the council votes for a nominated Barangay Council president, and this president is not like the League of the Barangay Councilors, which is composed of barangay captains of a municipality. The Barangay Justice System, or Katarungang Pambarangay , is composed of members commonly known as the Lupon Tagapamayapa ( justice of the peace ). Their function

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480-469: Is the smallest administrative division in the Philippines . Named after the precolonial polities of the same name , modern barangays are political subdivisions of cities and municipalities which are analogous to villages , districts, neighborhoods, suburbs , or boroughs . The word barangay originated from balangay , a type of boat used by a group of Austronesian peoples when they migrated to

520-469: Is to conciliate and mediate disputes at the barangay level to avoid legal action and relieve the courts of docket congestion. Barangay elections are non-partisan and are typically hotly contested. Barangay captains are elected by first-past-the-post plurality (no runoff voting ). Councilors are elected by plurality-at-large voting , with the entire barangay as a single at-large district. Each voter can vote for up to seven candidates for councilor, with

560-828: The Cagayan River were flourishing trading centers. Some of these barangays had large populations. In Panay, some barangays had 20,000 inhabitants; in Leyte (Baybay), 15,000 inhabitants; in Cebu, 3,500 residents; in Vitis (Pampanga), 7,000 inhabitants; and in Pangasinan, 4,000 residents. There were smaller barangays with fewer people, but these were generally inland communities, or if they were coastal, they were not located in areas that were good for business pursuits. These smaller barangays had around thirty to one hundred houses only, and

600-708: The Maranao language , Maguindanaon pronouns can be also free or bound to the word/morpheme before it. Maguindanaon numerals: Maguindanao is written with the Latin script, and used to be written with the Jawi script . Among works on the language published by Jacinto Juanmartí, his sacred history Compendio de historia universal contains Maguindanao texts in both Jawi and the Latin script. Barangay The barangay ( / b ɑːr ɑː ŋ ˈ ɡ aɪ / ; abbreviated as Brgy. or Bgy. ), historically referred to as barrio ,

640-617: The People Power Revolution , though older people would still use the term barrio . The Municipal Council was abolished upon the transfer of powers to the barangay system. Marcos used to call the barangay part of Philippine participatory democracy, and most of his writings involving the New Society praised the role of baranganic democracy in nation-building. After the People Power Revolution and

680-440: The 2020 census, the population of Pikit, Cotabato, was 67,024 people, with a density of 110 inhabitants per square kilometre or 280 inhabitants per square mile. Poverty incidence of Pikit Source: Philippine Statistics Authority A major producer of corn with area planted of 5,074 hectares and production of 13,310 tons per year. The municipality is also a major producer of coconut and freshwater fish. Coconut meat or copra

720-953: The 39 barangays in the province that unsuccessfully voted for the inclusion in the Autonomous Region in Muslim Mindanao in 2001; the other twelve petitioned to be part of the Bangsamoro, which replaced ARMM by virtue of Republic Act No. 11054 . In 2023, the Bangsamoro Parliament approved the creation of eight new municipalities in the area. Those barangays became part of municipalities of Malidegao ( Bangsamoro Autonomy Act No. 46 ) and Ligawasan ( BAA No. 48 )—which will be composed of seven in each, and Tugunan ( BAA No. 47 )—to be composed of eight along with Tapodoc in Aleosan ; following ratification in

760-489: The Cotabato-Davao national Highway helped enhance the progress of this town. This road passes through the heart of Pikit. It afforded a faster and more convenient means of transportation and shipment of farm products. In the early part of 1947 this Municipal District was created into a regular municipality, as the Municipality of Pagalungan and Pikit as a barrio, Mr. Gorgonio P. Initan was the first appointed mayor who

800-623: The Philippines. All municipalities and cities in the Philippines are politically subdivided into barangays, with the exception of the municipalities of Adams in Ilocos Norte and Kalayaan in Palawan , each containing a single barangay. Barangays are sometimes informally subdivided into smaller areas called purok (English: " zone " ), or barangay zones consisting of a cluster of houses for organizational purposes, and sitios , which are territorial enclaves —usually rural —far from

840-620: The Spanish regime. The Spanish monarch, who also collected taxes (called tribute) from the residents for the Spanish Crown, ruled each barangay through the cabeza . When the Americans arrived , "slight changes in the structure of local government was effected". Later, Rural Councils with four councilors were created to assist, now renamed Barrio Lieutenant; they were later renamed Barrio Council and then Barangay Council ( Sangguniang Barangay ). The Spanish term barrio (abbr. Bo.)

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880-560: The administration of the Colony Superintendent; Mr. Maximo Abad was then appointed. Mr. Miguel Jacosalem, Asst. Supt. for Colony No. 3, Datu Abdula Piang, Asst. Supt. for Colony No. 3, Mr. Tuan Afdal, Asst. Supt. for Colony No. 4, Mr. Ruperto Gemarino, Asst. Supt. for Colony No. 5 and Mr. Primo Curo, Astt. Supt. for Colony No. 7. Schools were opened in the Colonies. The first school opened was Ladtingan which James E. McCall

920-440: The barangay center. As of July 2024 , there are 42,004 barangays throughout the country. When the first Spaniards arrived in the Philippines in the 16th century, they found well-organized, independent villages called barangays . The name barangay originated from balangay , a certain type of traditional boat in many languages in the Philippines. Early Spanish dictionaries of Philippine languages make it clear that balangay

960-519: The council are the barangay captain, seven barangay councilors, and the chairman of the Youth Council, or Sangguniang Kabataan (SK). Thus, there are eight members of the legislative council in a barangay. The council is in session for a new solution or a resolution of bill votes, and if the counsels and the SK are at a tie, the barangay captain uses their vote. This only happens when the SK, which

1000-606: The drafting of the 1987 Constitution , the Municipal Council was restored, making the barangay the smallest unit of Philippine government. The first barangay elections held under the new constitution were held on March 28, 1989, under Republic Act No. 6679. The last barangay elections were held in October 2023 . The next elections will be held in December 2025. The modern barangay is headed by elected officials,

1040-528: The following colonies, Colony No. 2 (Paidu Pulangi) Colony no. 3 (Silik) Colony No. 4 (Makasendeg) Colony No. 5 (Pagalungan) and Colony No.7 (Talitay). Those who came in 1918 from the Visayas and Luzon were called homeseekers, immigrants, and settlers because the government did not give them anymore free transportation and ration in their coming. During the Colony days the Colonies had a special government under

1080-458: The language by a European were carried out by Jacinto Juanmartí, a Catalan priest of the Society of Jesus who worked in the Philippines in the second half of the 19th century. Aside from a number of Christian religious works in the language, Juanmartí also published a Maguindanao–Spanish/Spanish–Maguindanao dictionary and reference grammar in 1892. Shortly after sovereignty over the Philippines

1120-520: The municipality of Aleosan . The so-called Pikit War between Muslim separatists and the Philippines army took place there in early 2003. In 2019, twenty-two barangays were among the 63 in the province which became part of the Special Geographic Area of the newly created Bangsamoro , after having the affirmative vote won to join the autonomous region in a plebiscite held on February 6. Ten of these, with Balatican, were among

1160-478: The population varied from 100 to 500 persons. According to Miguel López de Legazpi , he founded communities with only 20 to 30 people. Traditionally, the original "barangays" were coastal settlements formed by the migration of these Malayo-Polynesian people (who came to the archipelago) from other places in Southeast Asia ( see chiefdom ). Most of the ancient barangays were coastal or riverine. This

1200-650: The region. The Spaniards abandoned Fort Pikit at the end of the 19th century, which paved the way for the eventual American occupation in 1902. Under the Osmeña Colony Act of 1912, Pikit was founded on June 17, 1913, by the first Christian Filipino colonists from the Province of Cebu. About one hundred twenty Cebuanos came under the Colony Agent, Vicente Lozada. The first batch of colonists from Cebu arrived at Fort Pikit after two days of sailing on board

1240-500: The seat of the municipal government. This ended the struggle of the colonists and marked the fulfillment of their aspirations. Pikit was created out of the municipality of Pagalungan. Pikit was proclaimed into a regular municipality thru the efforts of then Congressman Gumbay Piang and Governor Duma Sinsuat by virtue of Executive Order No. 270 with its townsite at Manding. The territory was reduced when, through Batas Pambansa Blg. 206 of 1982, 19 barangays were separated to create

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1280-409: The sequences /d + s/ (e.g. [dʒaɭumˈani ka] /(ə)dsalumani ka/ 'repeat that!') and /d + i/ (only before another vowel before vowel, e.g. [ˈmidʒas] /midias/ 'stockings'); the sound [z] also appears as an allophone of /s/ before voiced consonants. /ɾ/ can also be trilled [ r ] . Intervocalic /d/ is realized as [ɾ] . /ɾ/ and /l/ are interchangeable in words which include

1320-497: The topmost being the barangay captain . The barangay captain is aided by the Sangguniang Barangay (Barangay Council), whose members, called barangay kagawad ("councilors"), are also elected. The barangay is often governed from its seat of local government , the barangay hall . The council is considered a local government unit (LGU), similar to the provincial and municipal governments. The officials that make up

1360-423: The town's namesake, Fort Pikit , was established in 1893 by the Spaniards who have by then just recently conquered what is now the province of Cotabato from the Sultanate of Maguindanao . The name "Pikit" was given to the place by the Spaniards. It was formerly called by the natives "Malasiquit" because it was situated within the shadows of hills situated to each other. The fort was built to consolidate their hold in

1400-405: The winners being the seven candidates with the most votes. Typically, a ticket consists of one candidate for barangay captain and seven candidates for councilors. Elections for the post of punong barangay and the barangay kagawads are usually held every three years, starting in 2007. A barangay tanod , or barangay police officer, is an unarmed watchman who fulfills policing functions within

1440-972: Was transferred from Spain to the United States in 1898 as a result of the Spanish–American War , the American administration began publishing a number of works on the language in English, such as a brief primer and vocabulary in 1903, and a translation of Juanmartí's reference grammar into English in 1906. A number of works about and in the language have since been published by Filipino and foreign authors. Maguindanao has 3 major dialects: Ilud, Laya, and Biwangen. Maguindanao dialects are: The vowels [e] and [o] only occur in loanwords from Spanish through Tagalog or Cebuano and from Malay. The phonemes /z/ and /dʒ/ only appear in loanwords. The sound [dʒ] also appears an allophonic realization for

1480-578: Was also the first elected mayor because this year was also the election of the municipal officials. The seat of Government was in Pagalungan. On May 9, 1948, the Barrio Planning Personnel accompanied by Atty. Sergio F. Tocao, came to Pikit. This marked the triumph of the colonists for the establishment of Manding as a townsite. In September 29, 1949, Pikit was created a regular municipality by Executive Proclamation with Manding as

1520-539: Was assigned as Supervisor. The first teachers were Frucosa Lucero and Ponciana Lucero. In 1924, the colonists began to fight for the townsite and local autonomy, for the creation of Pikit into a regular municipality. In 1928, the Colony Administration was turned over to the Bureau of Lands. Pikit was created a Municipal District, including the new municipality of Pagalungan. In 1935, the construction of

1560-474: Was pronounced "ba-la-ngay", while today the modern barangay is pronounced "ba-rang-gay". The term referred to the people serving under a particular chief rather than to the modern meaning of an area of land, for which other words were used. While barangay is a Tagalog word, it spread throughout the Philippines as Spanish rule concentrated power in Manila. All citations regarding pre-colonial barangays lead to

1600-406: Was used for much of the 20th century. Manila mayor Ramon Bagatsing established the first Barangay Bureau in the Philippines, creating the blueprint for the barangay system as the basic socio-political unit for the city in the early 1970s. This was quickly replicated by the national government, and in 1974, President Ferdinand Marcos ordered the renaming of barrios to barangays. The name survived

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