Misplaced Pages

#95904

72-553: The Queen-Anne Style Pinebank is the third house that sat on the site overlooking Jamaica Pond. The first house was built as a summer home in 1806 by James Perkins, senior partner in the China Trade shipping firms of James and Thomas Handasyd Perkins . His grandson, Edward Newton “Ned” Perkins, replaced the first house in 1848 with an elegant mansard-roofed home for year-round use. After this burned down in 1868, Ned instructed his cousin and architect John Hubbard Sturgis to build

144-406: A structural analysis report that concluded that the building was unsalvageable on January 10, 2006 and expected the building to be demolished within the year. The Boston Landmarks Commission unanimously approved the demolition in a full vote on September 26, 2006. At that meeting, three different memorial designs were presented by Victor Walker of Walker Kluesing Design Group. On December 19, 2006,

216-546: A central role in the life of an individual. Ancient Estonians believed saunas were inhabited by spirits. In folk tradition sauna was not only the place where one washed but also used as the place where brides were ceremoniously washed, where women gave birth and the place the dying made their final bed. The folk tradition related to the Estonian sauna is mostly identical to that surrounding the Finnish sauna. On New Year's Eve,

288-608: A further evolution of the sauna, including the electric sauna stove, which was introduced in 1938 by Metos Ltd in Vaasa . Although sauna culture is more or less related to Finnish and Estonian culture, the evolution of the sauna took place around the same time in Finland and Baltic countries; they all have valued the sauna, its customs and traditions until the present day. The sauna became very popular especially in Scandinavia and

360-401: A heat storage stove has a large heat (stone) capacity and can take much longer to heat. Smoke sauna (Finnish savusauna , Estonian suitsusaun , Võro savvusann ) is one of the earliest forms of the sauna. It is simply a room containing a pile of rocks, but without a chimney. A fire is lit directly under the rocks and after a while the fire is extinguished. The heat retained in the rocks, and

432-435: A higher temperature. A cold-water pool (and/or more recently a cold Jacuzzi) is almost always accompanied and towels are usually provided. Adding therapeutic or relaxing essential oils to the rocks is common. In Iran, unlike Finland, sitting in a sauna is mostly seen as part of the spa/club culture, rather than a bathing ritual. It is most usually perceived as a means for relaxation or detoxification (through perspiration). Having

504-402: A house, making some traditional coastal villages very silent in winter. Sauna A sauna ( / ˈ s ɔː n ə , ˈ s aʊ n ə / , Finnish: [ˈsɑu̯nɑ] ) is a room or building designed as a place to experience dry or wet heat sessions, or an establishment with one or more of these facilities. The steam and high heat make the bathers perspire. A thermometer in a sauna

576-427: A much lower temperature of around 50 °C (122 °F) to compensate. The "wet heat" would cause scalding if the temperature were set much higher. In a typical Finnish sauna, the temperature of the air, the room and the benches are above the dew point even when water is thrown on the hot stones and vaporized. Thus, they remain dry. In contrast, the sauna bathers are at about 60–80 °C (140–176 °F), which

648-443: A person exposed to them for long periods of time. Saunas overcome this problem by controlling the humidity . The hottest Finnish saunas have relatively low humidity levels in which steam is generated by pouring water on the hot stones. This allows air temperatures that could evaporate water to be tolerated and even enjoyed for longer periods of time. Steam baths, such as the hammam , where the humidity approaches 100%, will be set to

720-531: A result of the Industrial Revolution , the sauna evolved to use a wood-burning metal stove with rocks on top, kiuas , with a chimney. Air temperatures averaged around 75–100 °C (167–212 °F) but sometimes exceeded 110 °C (230 °F) in a traditional Finnish sauna . As the Finns migrated to other areas of the globe, they brought their sauna designs and traditions with them. This led to

792-533: A sauna located in Tampere, that was first established in 1906 by Hermanni and Maria Lahtinen. Helsinki even has a sauna built into one of the gondolas of a ferris wheel, SkyWheel Helsinki . Unlike many other countries, Finnish people usually prefer to be naked instead of wearing a swimsuit, towel, or other kind of clothing. Under many circumstances, temperatures approaching and exceeding 100 °C (212 °F) would be completely intolerable and possibly fatal to

SECTION 10

#1732791136096

864-478: A sauna room on private property is considered a luxury rather than a necessity. Public saunas are segregated and nudity is prohibited. In Japan , many saunas exist at sports centers and public bathhouses ( sentō ). The saunas are almost always gender separated, often required by law, and nudity is a required part of proper sauna etiquette. While right after World War II , public bathhouses were commonplace in Japan,

936-598: A sauna would be held before midnight to cleanse the body and spirit for the upcoming year. In Lithuanian , bathhouse or sauna is pirtis ; in Latvian , it is pirts . Both countries have long bathhouse traditions, dating back to the pagan times. The 13th century bathhouses in the Grand Duchy of Lithuania were mentioned in the Hypatian Codex and Chronicon terrae Prussiae , as they were practised by

1008-565: A sauna. Therapeutic sauna sessions are often carried out in conjunction with physiotherapy or hydrotherapy ; these are gentle exercises that do not exacerbate symptoms. There has been widespread research into the health benefits and risks that come from sauna usage; most studies have focused on the Finnish sauna specifically. Sauna bathing leads to mild heat stress , which activates heat shock proteins responsible for repairing misfolded proteins , promoting longevity as well as protection against muscle atrophy and chronic illness. There

1080-664: A temperature of −110 °C (−166 °F), the user is in the sauna for a period of only about 3 minutes. According to the Guinness Book of World Records , the world's largest sauna is the Koi Sauna in the Thermen & Badewelt Sinsheim , Germany. It measures 166 square meters, holds 150 people and sports a koi aquarium. The title may now belong to Cape East Spa in Haparanda , Sweden , which also holds 150 people but

1152-410: A towel has been found to reduce the perception of heat. Some may wish to put an additional towel or a special cap over the head to avoid dryness. Few people can sit directly in front of the stove without feeling too hot from the radiant heat, but this may not be reflected in their overall body temperature. As the person's body is often the coolest object in a sauna room, steam will condense into water on

1224-499: A type now called savusauna ; "smoke sauna". These differed from present-day saunas in that they were operated by heating a pile of rocks called a kiuas by burning large amounts of wood for about 6 to 8 hours and then letting out the smoke before enjoying the löyly , a Finnish term meaning, collectively, both the steam and the heat of a sauna (same term in Estonian is leili - you can see similarities with Finnish word). A properly heated "savusauna" yields heat for up to 12 hours. As

1296-409: A wide variety of sauna options. Heat sources include wood, electricity, gas and other more unconventional methods such as solar power. There are wet saunas, dry saunas, infrared saunas , smoke saunas, and steam saunas. There are two main types of stoves: continuous heating and heat storage type. Continuously heating stoves have a small heat capacity and can be heated up on a fast on-demand basis, whereas

1368-421: Is a building or shelter used for relaxation in warm weather. This would often take the form of a small, roofed building on the grounds of a larger one, but could also be built in a garden or park, often designed to provide cool shady places of relaxation or retreat from the summer heat. It can also refer to a second residence, usually located in the country , that provides a cool and relaxing home to live in during

1440-494: Is a popular holiday home or summer cottage, often near the sea or in an attractive area of the countryside. Most are timber constructions, often suitable for year-round use. Increasingly they have additions such as saunas , heating ovens , fireplaces , or attractive gardens. Increasingly, English speakers call them summerhouses. A Swedish sommarstuga is traditionally painted with a special red colour called falu rödfärg and has white trimmed corners, windows, and doors. Many of

1512-399: Is an ancient Finnish word referring to both the traditional Finnish bath and to the bathhouse itself. In Finnic languages other than Finnish and Estonian, sauna and cognates do not necessarily mean a building or space built for bathing. It can also mean a small cabin or cottage, such as a cabin for a fisherman. The word is the best known Finnicism in many languages. The sauna known in

SECTION 20

#1732791136096

1584-541: Is associated with a reduced risk and symptom relief from the symptoms of respiratory illness . Weight loss in obese people and improvement of appetite loss present with normal body weight can also be achievable with sauna bathing. Evidence for the use of sauna for depression or skin disorders is insufficient, but the frequency of sauna sessions is correlated with a diminished risk of developing psychosis , and it might be beneficial for psoriasis . Sauna bathing coupled with alcohol consumption or dehydration increases

1656-533: Is available in every village. Many women apply yogurt or a paste blend based on tamarind on their skin as a beauty treatment. The sauna is always heated by wood fire and herbs are added either directly to the boiling water or steam jet in the room. The sitting lounge is mix gender but the steam rooms are gender separated. Bael fruit tea known in lao as muktam tea is usually served. In Australia and Canada , saunas are found mainly in hotels, swimming pools, and health clubs and if used by both men and women, nudity

1728-478: Is below the dew point, so that water is condensed on the bathers' skin. This process releases heat and makes the steam feel hot. Finer control over the perceived temperature can be achieved by choosing a higher-level bench for those wishing for a hotter experience, or a lower-level bench for a more moderate temperature. A good sauna has a relatively small temperature gradient between the various seating levels. Doors need to be kept closed and used quickly to maintain

1800-439: Is considered good practice to take a few moments after exiting a sauna before entering a cold plunge, and to enter a plunge pool or a lake by stepping into it gradually, rather than immediately immersing oneself fully. In summer, a session is often started with a cool shower. In some countries the closest and most convenient access to a sauna is at a gymnasium . Some public pools, major sports centers and resorts also contain

1872-481: Is evidence that long-term exposure to Finnish-style sauna is correlated with a reduced risk of sudden cardiac death ; and that risk reduction increases with duration and frequency of use; this reduction is more pronounced when sauna bathing is combined with exercise, compared with either of these practices alone. Tentative evidence supports that the heat stress from saunas is associated with reduced blood pressure and arterial stiffness , and therefore also decrease

1944-402: Is forbidden to live permanently. This is because there are quality requirements for permanent homes that do not apply to cottages. Sweden has no ban against using summer houses all year or against using a normal house in summer only. This has made Swedish summer houses popular for Danes, Norwegians, and Germans. But in some desirable coastal areas, prices are so high that residents cannot afford

2016-511: Is generally lower, making it more tolerable for people who cannot withstand the high temperatures of traditional saunas. Infrared heat penetrates more deeply into fat and the neuromuscular system resulting in a more vigorous sweat at lower temperature than traditional saunas. These effects are favorable for the neuromuscular system to recover from maximal endurance exercise . Many cultures have sweat baths, though some have more spiritual uses while others are purely secular. In Ancient Rome there

2088-582: Is generally safe, as long as their condition is stable. However, sauna bathing is contraindicated in persons with unstable angina and severe aortic stenosis . A one-year study in Finland showed that only 67 (2.6%) of sudden deaths in saunas were non-accidental, mostly due to coronary heart disease . Pregnant women can use saunas as long as their core temperature does not exceed 39.0 °C (102.2 °F), as this may be teratogenic . One study has found that genital heat stress from frequent sauna sessions could cause male infertility . Today there are

2160-475: Is more spacious. However, in Czeladz, south Poland, there is now a sauna for 300 people, sporting light shows, theatre and needing several sauna masters. A modern sauna with an electric stove usually takes about 15–30 minutes to heat up. Some users prefer taking a shower beforehand to speed up perspiration in the sauna. When in the sauna, people often sit on a towel for hygiene and put a towel over their heads if

2232-416: Is often forbidden, even if implicitly. In gyms or health clubs with separate male and female change rooms, nudity is permitted; however, members are usually asked to shower before using the sauna and to sit on a towel. In Canada, saunas have increasingly become a fixture of cottage culture, which shares many similarities with its Finnish counterpart (mökki). A sauna session can be a social affair in which

Pinebank Mansion - Misplaced Pages Continue

2304-580: Is possible some of these structures also incorporated the use of steam in a way similar to the sauna, but this is a matter of speculation. The sites are from the Neolithic age, dating to approximately 4000 B.C.E. Archaeological sites in Greenland and Newfoundland have uncovered structures very similar to traditional Scandinavian farm saunas, some with bathing platforms and "enormous quantities of badly scorched stones". The traditional Korean sauna, called

2376-450: Is reduced. Depending on size of the stove and the airing time, the temperature may be low, about 60 °C (140 °F), while the humidity is relatively high. The tradition almost died out in Finland, but was revived by enthusiasts in the 1980s. These are still used in present-day Finland by some enthusiasts, but usually only on special occasions such as Christmas, New Year's, Easter, and juhannus ( Midsummer ). Smoke saunas are popular in

2448-412: Is thrown on the rocks, which creates an immediate blast of steam. Combustibles on, or near the stove have been known to cause fires. Contact lenses dry out in the heat. Jewelry or anything metallic, including glasses, will get hot in the sauna and can cause discomfort or burning. The temperature on different parts of the body can be adjusted by shielding one's body with a towel. Shielding the face with

2520-470: Is typically used to measure temperature; a hygrometer can be used to measure levels of humidity or steam. Infrared therapy is often referred to as a type of sauna, but according to the Finnish sauna organizations, infrared is not a sauna. Areas such as the rocky Orkney islands of Scotland have many ancient stone structures for normal habitation, some of which incorporate areas for fire and bathing. It

2592-925: The hanjeungmak , is a domed structure constructed of stone that was first mentioned in the Sejong Sillok of the Annals of the Joseon Dynasty in the 15th century. Supported by Sejong the Great , the hanjeungmak was touted for its health benefits and used to treat illnesses. In the early 15th century, Buddhist monks maintained hanjeungmak clinics, called hanjeungso , to treat sick poor people; these clinics maintained separate facilities for men and women due to high demand. Korean sauna culture and kiln saunas are still popular today, and Korean saunas are ubiquitous. Western saunas originated in Finland where

2664-700: The Estonian saun (almost identical to the Finnish sauna), Russian banya , Latvian pirts , the European Jews ' shvitz , and the Swedish bastu . In Asia the Japanese Mushi-Buro and the Korean jjimjilbang . The Karo people of Indonesia have the oukup . In some parts of Africa there is the sifutu . Although cultures in all corners of the world have imported and adapted

2736-705: The Lithuanian dukes . Livonian Chronicle of Henry describes a bathhouse built around 1196 near the pier on the bank of Daugava river. The chronicle also mentions the year 1215 baths of the Latgalian ruler Tālivaldis which were built in Trikāta . These baths are also mentioned in the Livonian Rhymed Chronicle . Sauna had a considerable role in the pagan traditions of the Baltic people . In

2808-549: The 17th century, Matthäus Prätorius described various rituals the Baltic people practiced in sauna. For example, sauna was a primary place for women to give birth and rites would be performed for the Baltic goddess Laima . At that time, sauna traditions were similar in Aukštaitija , Samogitia , Latgale , Semigallia as well as some West Slavic lands. In 1536, Vilnius gained a royal privilege to build public bathhouses and by

2880-466: The Danish resorts depend on the rental of summerhouses to accommodate national and foreign tourists who can rent them, usually on a weekly basis, at prices (for a family) well below those of hotels. But Scandinavians often spend a considerable amount of time in their summerhouses which are often the venue for family reunions or simply weekends away from the office. In recent years, the popularity and, thus,

2952-759: The German-speaking regions of Europe after the Second World War. German soldiers had experienced Finnish saunas during their fight against the Soviet Union during the Continuation War , where they fought on the same side. Saunas were so important to Finnish soldiers that they built them not only in mobile tents but even in bunkers. After the war, the German soldiers brought the custom back to Germany and Austria, where it became popular in

Pinebank Mansion - Misplaced Pages Continue

3024-491: The air via advection, making the sauna warmer. Perspiration is the result of autonomic responses trying to cool the body. Users are advised to leave the sauna if the heat becomes unbearable, or if they feel faint or ill. Some saunas have a thermostat to adjust the temperature, but the owner of the sauna and the other bathers expect to be consulted before changes are made. The sauna stove and rocks are very hot—one must stay well clear of them to avoid burns, particularly when water

3096-484: The city's Inspectional Services Department ordered the Parks and Recreation Department to demolish the building, citing that the structure was a safety hazard. Demolition began on January 3, 2007. Some of the structure's debris was entombed in a vault in the foundation, to be used as reference material if the mansion is one day rebuilt. The memorial design chosen delineates the mansion's perimeter in granite , set flush with

3168-548: The cost of summerhouses has increased appreciably, particularly in Denmark's coastal resorts. Under Danish law, owners are generally not permitted to use these houses as permanent homes; an exception is made for pensioners. In some attractive areas of Norway, there is "residence duty" (Norwegian: boplikt ), meaning that an owner of a house must use it as their primary home and spend most of their overnight stays there. Other areas of Norway are defined as "summer house areas", where it

3240-401: The earlier fire, becomes the main source for heating the sauna. Following this process, the ashes and embers are removed from the hearth, the benches and floor are cleaned, and the room is allowed to air out and freshen for a period of time. The smoke deposits a layer of soot on every surface, so if the benches and back-rests can be removed while the fire is alight the amount of cleaning necessary

3312-488: The elaborate jjimjilbang . The word "sauna" is used a lot for its 'English appeal'; however, it does not strictly refer to the original Fennoscandian steam rooms that have become popular throughout the world. The konglish word sauna (사우나) usually refers to bathhouses with Jacuzzis, hot tubs, showers, steam rooms, and related facilities. In Laos , herbal steam sauna or hom yaa in Lao , is very popular especially with women and

3384-436: The end of the 16th century, the city already had 60 of them with a countless number of private ones. In Latvian lands, bathhouses became particularly popular in the 19th century. The contemporary Baltic sauna is similar to others in the north-eastern part of Europe: it varies according to personal preference, but is typically around 55–70 °C (131–158 °F), humidity 60–90%, with steam being generated by pouring water on

3456-444: The face feels too hot but the body feels comfortable. In Russia, a felt " banya hat" may be worn to shield the head from the heat; this allows the wearer to increase the heat on the rest of the body. The temperature of one's bath can be controlled via: The heat is greatest closest to the stove. Heating from the air is lower on the lower benches as the hot air rises. The heat given by the steam can be very different in different parts of

3528-480: The form of maintaining the fire during bathing; the fire can also be seen as a hazard. Fire-heated saunas are common in cottages, where the extra work of maintaining the fire is not a problem. The most common modern sauna types are those with electric stoves. The stones are heated up and kept on temperature using electric heating elements. There is a thermostat and a timer (typically with eight hours' maximum delay time, followed by one hour's continuous heating time) on

3600-482: The general application or intended sauna experience offered within these commercial environments offering a traditional sauna and or steam shower experience. In Iran , most gyms, hotels and almost all public swimming pools have indoor saunas. It is very common for swimming pools to have two saunas which are known in Persian as سونای خشک "dry sauna" and سونای بخار "steam sauna", with the dry type customarily boasting

3672-590: The ground, and the outline filled with grass. The front of the house will be marked with a low brick, granite-topped wall that can be used as a bench, and up to three metal signs will contain information on the former building. The exterior steps, purchased at auction when Hancock Manor was demolished and installed in 1864, were refurbished in 2008. A short flight of stairs was added, along with handrails. 42°19′11″N 71°07′10″W  /  42.319629°N 71.119545°W  / 42.319629; -71.119545 Summer home A summer house or summerhouse

SECTION 50

#1732791136096

3744-574: The home sauna. There are at least 2 million saunas in Finland according to official registers. The Finnish Sauna Society believes the number can actually be as high as 3.2 million saunas (population 5.5 million). Many Finns take at least one a week, and much more when they visit their summer cottage in the countryside. Here the pattern of life tends to revolve around the sauna, and a nearby lake used for cooling off. Sauna traditions in Estonia are almost identical to Finland as saunas have traditionally held

3816-870: The hot stones. Traditionally, birch twigs ( Lithuanian : vanta ; Latvian : slota ) are the most common, but oak or linden are used too. Sauna enthusiasts also make twigs from other trees and plants, including nettle and juniper . Dry air sauna of 80–110 °C (176–230 °F) and very low humidity became popular relatively recently; despite being a misconception, it is sometimes locally described as Finnish-type . In Norway and Sweden saunas are found in many places, and are known as 'badstu' or 'bastu' (from 'badstuga' "bath cabin, bath house"). In Norway and Sweden, saunas are common in almost every public swimming pool and gym. The public saunas are generally single-sex and may or may not permit use of swimwear. Rules for swimwear and towels for sitting on or covering yourself differ between saunas. Removing body hair in

3888-405: The number of customers have dwindled as more people were able to afford houses and apartments equipped with their own private baths as the nation became wealthier. As a result, many sentōs have added more features such as saunas in order to survive. In Korea , saunas are essentially public bathhouses. Various names are used to describe them, such as the smaller mogyoktang , outdoor oncheon , and

3960-423: The oldest known saunas were made from pits dug in a slope in the ground and primarily used as dwellings in winter. The sauna featured a fireplace where stones were heated to a high temperature. Water was thrown on the hot stones to produce steam and to give a sensation of increased heat. This would raise the apparent temperature so high that people could take off their clothes. The first Finnish saunas were always of

4032-432: The participants disrobe and sit or recline in temperatures typically between 70 and 100 °C (158 and 212 °F). This induces relaxation and promotes sweating . People use a bundle of birch twigs with fresh leaves ( Finnish : vihta or vasta ; Estonian : viht ), to slap the skin and create further stimulation of the pores and cells. The sauna is an important part of daily life, and families bathe together in

4104-579: The risk of cardiovascular disease . These benefits are more pronounced in persons with low cardiovascular function. Evidence exists for the benefit of sauna on people with heart failure . Frequent Finnish-style sauna usage (4-7 times per week) is associated with a decreased risk of neurovascular diseases, including Alzheimer's disease and stroke , relative to those individuals who used sauna once per week. Individuals suffering from musculoskeletal disorders could have symptomatic improvement from sauna, and it could be beneficial for glaucoma . It also

4176-445: The risk of sudden death; the use of narcotic drugs, such as cocaine , also increases the risk. Being severely obese, having high blood pressure , or being diabetic all serve as reasons to decrease the duration of sauna sessions. Individuals prone to postural hypotension or severe valvular heart disease should use sauna cautiously to reduce the risk of a drop in blood pressure. In people with cardiovascular disease, sauna usage

4248-514: The sauna bath is started and the löyly shutter opened a soft warmth flow into the otherwise relatively cold (60 °C; 140 °F) sauna. This heat is soft and clean because, thanks to combustion, the stove stones glow red, even white-hot, and are freed of dust at the same time. When bathing the heat-storage sauna will become as hot as a continuous fire-type sauna (80–110 °C; 176–230 °F) but more humid. The stones are usually durable heatproof and heat-retaining peridotite . The upper part of

4320-681: The sauna, many of the traditional customs have not survived the journey. Today, public perception of saunas, sauna "etiquette" and sauna customs vary hugely from country to country. In many countries sauna going is a recent fashion and attitudes towards saunas are changing, while in others traditions have survived over generations. In Africa, the majority of sauna facilities are found in a more upmarket hotel, spa and health club environments and predominantly share both sauna heater technology and design concepts as applied in Europe. Even though outdoor temperatures remain warmer and more humid, this does not affect

4392-436: The sauna. As the steam rises directly upwards, it spreads across the roof and travels out towards the corners, where it is then forced downwards. Consequently, the heat of fresh steam may sometimes be felt most strongly in the furthest corners of the sauna. Users increase the duration and the heat gradually over time as they adapt to the sauna. When pouring water onto the stove, it cools down the rocks, but carries more heat into

SECTION 60

#1732791136096

4464-676: The second half of the 20th century. The German sauna culture also became popular in neighbouring countries such as Switzerland, Belgium, the Netherlands and Luxembourg. Sauna culture has been registered in the Representative List of the Intangible Cultural Heritage of Humanity under two entries: "Smoke sauna tradition in Võromaa " in 2014 and "Sauna culture in Finland" in 2020. The word sauna

4536-438: The skin; this can be confused with perspiration. Cooling down by immersing oneself in water (in a shower, lake or pool) is a part of the sauna cycle and is as important as the heating. However, it is advisable that healthy people and heart patients alike should take some precautions if plunging into very cold water straight after coming from the hot room, as the rapid cooling of the body produces considerable circulatory stress. It

4608-487: The southern Estonia and smoke sauna tradition in Võrumaa was added into UNESCO Intangible Cultural Heritage Lists in 2014. The smoke-sauna stove is also used with a sealed stone compartment and chimney (a heat storage-stove) which eliminates the smoke odour and eye irritation of the smoke sauna. A heat storage stove does not give up much heat in the sauna before bathing since the stone compartment has an insulated lid. When

4680-481: The stove is often insulated with rock wool and firebricks. Heat-storing stoves are also found with electric heating, with similar service but no need to maintain a fire. A continuous fire stove, instead of stored heat, is a relatively recent invention. There is a firebox and a smokestack, and stones are placed in a compartment directly above the firebox. It takes a shorter time to heat than the heat-storage sauna, about one hour. A fire-heated sauna requires manual labor in

4752-441: The stove. This type of heating is generally used only in urban saunas. Far-infrared saunas utilize infrared light to generate heat. Unlike traditional saunas that heat the body indirectly through the air or by conduction from heated surfaces, far-infrared saunas use infrared panels or other methods like a sauna blanket that emit far-infrared light, which is absorbed by the surface of the skin. The heat produced by far-infrared saunas

4824-544: The summer, such as a vacation property . Especially in the Nordic countries , sommerhus ( Danish ), sommarstuga ( Swedish ), hytte ( Norwegian ), sumarbústaður or sumarhús ( Icelandic ) or kesämökki ( Finnish ) is a summer residence (as a second home ). It can be a larger dwelling like a cottage rather than a simple shelter. Sommarhus (in Swedish : sommarstuga or lantställe ), in Norwegian hytte ,

4896-444: The temperature and to keep the steam inside. Some North American , Western European , Japanese , Russian , and South African public sport center and gyms include sauna facilities. They may also be present at public and private swimming pools . As an additional facility, a sauna may have one or more jacuzzi . In some spa centers, there are the so-called special "snow rooms," also known as cold saunas or cryotherapy. Operating at

4968-489: The third Pinebank house. The city of Boston acquired Pinebank in 1892. It was damaged by a fire in 1895 and rebuilt, then used as the headquarters of the Boston Parks Commission. In 1913, Pinebank became the first home of Boston Children's Museum , and served in that role until 1936. From 1936 to 1970, it was occupied by the engineering department of the Boston Parks Commission. From 1970 to 1975, Pinebank

5040-470: The western world today originates from Northern Europe . In Finland, there are built-in saunas in almost every house, including communal saunas in the older apartment buildings; since the 80s, private saunas have often been built into the bathrooms of typical Finnish flats in apartment buildings, sometimes even in student housing. There are also a number of public saunas in Finland, including Rajaportin Sauna ,

5112-975: Was the thermae or balneae (from Greek βαλανεῖον balaneîon ), traits of which survive in the Turkish or Arab hammam and in the Victorian Turkish bath (which uses only hot dry air). In the Americas there is the Nahuatl (Aztec) temāzcalli Nahuatl pronunciation: [temaːsˈkalːi] , Maya zumpul-ché , and the Mixtec Ñihi ; in Canada and the United States, a number of First Nations and Native American cultures have various kinds of spiritual sweat lodges ( Lakota : inipi , Anishinaabemowin madoodiswan ). In Europe we find

5184-532: Was used for a city-sponsored community arts program. After that, fires in 1976 and 1978 destroyed the interior and seriously damaged the roof. In 1978, Pinebank Mansion was listed on the State and National Register of Historic Places as part of the Olmsted Park System and in 1996, Historic Massachusetts listed Pinebank as one of the state's top ten most endangered historic places. The city released

#95904