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72-532: The presence of the notch was recorded in 1784 by Jeremy Belknap, but its isolation prevented further development for several years. The construction of New Hampshire Route 16 has led to increased accessibility and a rise in tourism. Its location makes it a hub for hiking and skiing. The notch separates the Presidential Range , which forms the western wall, from the Wildcat Range , which forms

144-450: A circumference of 18 ft 3 in; 6 m, or an average diameter at breast height of about 5.8 feet (5 ft 10 in; 1.8 m). This tree had been 123 feet (37 m) tall with a crown spread of 86 feet (26 m), counting for a total number of 364 points. The sugar maple is the state tree of the US states of New York, Vermont, West Virginia, and Wisconsin. It is depicted on

216-438: A closed canopy as an understory plant, and respond with rapid growth to the increased light formed by a gap in the canopy. Sugar maple can tolerate virtually any soil type short of pure sand, but does not tolerate xeric or swampy conditions. Sugar maples are deeper-rooted than most maples and engage in hydraulic lift , drawing water from lower soil layers and exuding that water into upper, drier soil layers. This not only benefits

288-457: A good buildup of humus . Light (or loose) clay soils are also well known to support sugar maple growth. Poorly drained areas are unsuitable, and the species is especially short-lived on flood-prone clay flats. Its salt tolerance is low and it is very sensitive to boron . The species is also subject to defoliation when there are dense populations of larvae of Lepidoptera species like the rosy maple moth ( Dryocampa rubicunda ). The Mohegan use

360-552: A large, groomed trail system that also includes the lower half of the Auto Road. Several warming huts are scattered around the trail system, including scenic Great Angel Cabin, with views of the Great Gulf and surrounding peaks. Great Glen also permits biking on the trails during the summer, and is the only mountain bike facility in the notch. Another cross-country trail system exists in the town of Jackson , extending as far as

432-418: A layer of glacial till was deposited, including several glacial erratics. A notable glacial erratic in the area is Mount Washington's Glen Boulder. The notch first appears in recorded history in 1784, when an expedition led by Jeremy Belknap camped in the notch before ascending to the summit of Mount Washington through Huntington Ravine. Pinkham Notch was far more isolated than neighboring Crawford Notch ; as

504-734: A massive increase in tourism. Meanwhile, logging began in the Pinkham area. After almost total deforestation of the White Mountain region, the White Mountain National Forest was created in 1911, and the Mount Washington area was added to the national forest in 1914. With the preservation of the area, emphasis shifted from logging to recreation. The Appalachian Mountain Club converted a logging camp near

576-407: A northern hardwood forest. This forest type is primarily deciduous and consists mostly of sugar maple , American beech , and yellow birch . There is also a proliferation of understory and forest floor plants; common examples include wild sarsaparilla , painted trillium , hobblebush , and Indian cucumber-root . The northern hardwood forest also contains the greatest diversity of animal life in

648-431: A result, conifers, or " softwoods " become the dominant species. Two trees, red spruce and balsam fir , are present throughout this zone, with paper birch , striped maple and mountain ash present in its lower levels. Like the hardwood forest below it, the spruce-fir forest also holds understory plants; commonly found are wood sorrel , Indian pipes , Canada mayflowers , and bluebead lilies . Fungi are also common in

720-459: A result, the first settler of Pinkham Notch came in 1827, 43 years after habitation of Crawford Notch. The first settler, Hayes Copp, built a homestead in the then-uninhabited area, near where the Dolly Copp campground stands today. Copp and his wife lived alone in the wilderness until Daniel Pinkham completed the first road through the notch between in 1836, finally providing a link between

792-462: A result, the flora and fauna, of Pinkham Notch varies greatly with elevation. As elevations increase on the walls of the notch, climate and ecosystems change to those of increasingly northern occurrence. Biomes range from a low-elevation northern hardwood forest at the base of Mount Washington to alpine-Arctic vegetation near the summit comparable to vegetation found at the latitude of Labrador . The lowest elevations of Pinkham Notch are occupied by

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864-451: A species of flowering plant in the soapberry and lychee family Sapindaceae . It is native to the hardwood forests of eastern Canada and the eastern United States. Sugar maple is best known for being the primary source of maple syrup and for its brightly colored fall foliage. It may also be called "rock maple," "sugar tree," "sweet maple," or, particularly in reference to the wood, "hard maple," " birds-eye maple ," or "curly maple,"

936-636: A uniform, smoother headwall that is known for its high-quality skiing. After passing the Gulf of Slides , a smaller and lesser-known cirque, the notch opens up and continues until Jackson . The eastern slope of the notch consists of the Wildcat and Carter-Moriah Ranges , slightly lower than the Presidential Range to the west. The Wildcat Range consists of five peaks, named A, B, C, D, and E from northeast to southwest in order of height. Wildcat A

1008-769: Is a controlled-access toll highway known as the Spaulding Turnpike . Between Milton and Chocorua , and between Conway and Glen , it is known as the White Mountain Highway . It is known as Chocorua Mountain Highway between Chocorua and Conway and various other local names before crossing into Maine about 20 miles (32 km) south of the Canadian border. Portions of NH 16 run concurrent with U.S. Route 4 (US 4), US 202 , NH 25 , and US 302 , and US 2 . The southern terminus of NH 16

1080-715: Is also not possible in the southern part of sugar maple's range as winter temperatures do not become cold enough. The minimum seed-bearing age of sugar maple is about 30 years. The tree is long-lived, typically 200 years and occasionally as much as 300. Sugar maple is native to areas with cooler climates and requires a hard freeze each winter for proper dormancy. In northern parts of its range, January temperatures average about −18 °C (0 °F) and July temperatures about 16 °C (61 °F); in southern parts, January temperatures average about 10 °C (50 °F) and July temperatures average almost 27 °C (81 °F). Seed germination also requires extremely low temperatures,

1152-451: Is also the wood used for basketball courts , including the floors used by the NBA , and it is a popular wood for baseball bats , along with white ash . In recent years, because white ash has become threatened by emerald ash borer , sugar maple wood has increasingly displaced ash for baseball bat production. It is also widely used in the manufacture of musical instruments, such as the members of

1224-644: Is at the Portsmouth Traffic Circle , intersecting with Interstate 95 and the US 1 Bypass . The northern terminus is at the Maine state line near Wentworth Location , where it continues as Maine State Route 16 . There are three auxiliary routes of NH 16, two loops labeled 16A and one labeled 16B. For the section of NH 16 between Portsmouth and Milton , see the Spaulding Turnpike article. From Milton , NH 16 continues north, roughly paralleling

1296-430: Is between 10 and 200 years old. The fruit is a pair of samaras (winged seeds). The seeds are globose, 7–10 mm ( 9 ⁄ 32 – 13 ⁄ 32  in) in diameter, the wing 2–3 cm ( 3 ⁄ 4 – 1 + 1 ⁄ 4  in) long. The seeds fall from the tree in autumn, where they must be exposed to 45 days of temperatures below 4 °C (39 °F) to break their coating down. Germination of A. saccharum

1368-488: Is famous for its extremely steep backcountry skiing. Long lines are common during the peak spring-skiing season of April and May. Wildcat Mountain offers groomed ski trails and lifts, and is a better choice for less-experienced skiers. The centerpiece of the ski-area is the gondola , which runs during the summer, and offers views of the Presidentials with no expended effort. For Nordic skiing, Great Glen Trails offers

1440-539: Is intolerant of road salt. Sugar Maples are commonly planted as a street tree in cities within the Mountain West region of the United States, usually a different cultivar such as the “Legacy” sugar maple. The shade and the shallow, fibrous roots may interfere with grass growing under the trees. Deep, well-drained loam is the best rooting medium, although sugar maples can grow well on sandy soil which has

1512-473: Is known as Black Mountain Road, Moody Farm Road, and Carter Notch Road. The entire route has also been known as Five Mile Circuit Road, in reference to its length. In addition to its present designation, NH 16B has been assigned to several old alignments of NH 16, but those other routes are no longer officially designated as such. In Ossipee , NH 16B was once the designation for an old alignment of NH 16 through

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1584-546: Is mostly found north of the 42nd parallel in USDA growing zones 3–5. It is less common in the southern part of its range (USDA Zone 6) where summers are hot and humid; there sugar maple is confined to ravines and moist flatlands. In the east, south of Maryland , it is limited to the Appalachians. In the west, Tennessee represents the southern limit of its range and Missouri its southwestern limit. Collection of sap for sugar

1656-571: Is no longer any signage along the road indicating that the road was designated NH 16B. The other road followed what is now NH 125 between NH 16 near Union and NH 153 in Union, as well as NH 153 from NH 125 north to NH 16 in Wakefield . The section of NH 125 in Carroll County is still shown as NH 16B on several maps. Sugar maple Acer saccharum , the sugar maple , is

1728-613: Is not signed as such anywhere along the route. This is a rare instance of a hidden route in New Hampshire and is interesting in that a duplicate state numbering has been given precedence over a unique federal one. The northern segment of NH 16A is a loop road in Jackson that is 1.029 miles (1.656 km) long. This road leaves NH 16, travels east to meet both the southern and northern termini of NH 16B (separated by just 500 feet (150 m)) and returns to NH 16, passing through

1800-613: Is now the northern stretch of NH 108. In Rochester, NH 16 used the present alignment of NH 125 through downtown and north into Milton where it met the current alignment north of the Turnpike. After NH 16 was rerouted, the section between downtown Dover and NH 125 in Rochester became a northward extension of NH 108. From downtown Rochester the alignment to Milton is now part of NH 125. Between the Rochester/Milton town line and

1872-470: Is slow, not taking place until the following spring when the soil has warmed and all frost danger is past. It is closely related to the black maple , which is sometimes included in this species, but sometimes separated as Acer nigrum . The western sugar maple ( Acer grandidentatum ) and southern sugar maple (( Acer floridanum ) are also treated as a varieties or subspecies of northern sugar maple by some botanists. The sugar maple can be confused with

1944-478: Is the highest, at 4,422 feet (1,348 m). From the main ridge, the slopes drop very steeply, but not precipitously, to the floor of the notch. The Wildcat Mountain Ski Area occupies the western slopes of Wildcat up to the col between D and E peaks. As the notch rounds E peak, the slope becomes extremely steep, and Wildcat Ridge begins to drop to the end of the notch. The Carter-Moriah Range lies to

2016-529: The Norway maple , which is not native to America but is commonly planted in cities and suburbs, and they are not closely related within the genus. The sugar maple is most easily identified by clear sap in the leaf petiole (the Norway maple has white sap), brown, sharp-tipped buds (the Norway maple has blunt, green or reddish-purple buds), and shaggy bark on older trees (the Norway maple bark has small grooves). Also,

2088-627: The height-of-land into what is now the Pinkham Notch Visitor Center in 1921. The Appalachian Trail was built through the visitor center, making it an important trailhead for ascents of Mount Washington. Meanwhile, ski trails began to be constructed by the Civilian Conservation Corps on Wildcat Mountain, and the ski resort was opened in 1958. Pinkham Notch is easily accessible by New Hampshire Route 16 . Numerous opportunities for recreation exist in

2160-649: The Copp homestead and civilization. In 1851, a railroad was built to Gorham , and a hotel, the Glen House , was constructed to accommodate passengers. Mount Washington was the main attraction in the area; a bridle path was constructed from the Glen House to hotels on the summit, which was later improved into what would become the Mount Washington Auto Road . Completion of the road in 1861 led to

2232-557: The Maine border. After crossing the border the road becomes Maine State Route 16 and heads east toward Rangeley . From 1922 until 1926, most of the original surface alignment of NH 16 from Portsmouth to the intersection with NH 26 in Errol was known as New England Interstate Route 16 , the "East Side Road". In 1926, the New England road marking system was superseded by the system of United States Numbered Highways , and many of

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2304-671: The Maine border. In Wakefield , the road takes a turn to the northwest heading towards Ossipee . NH 16 turns back to a northerly heading near Tamworth , then makes a turn eastward in Albany to reach Conway . NH 16 turns north again in Conway, entering the region known as the Mount Washington Valley, and begins a concurrency with US 302 at the south end of the village of North Conway . North of North Conway, in Bartlett ,

2376-817: The New England Routes, including NH 16, became state highways with the same number. NH 16 formerly served as a non-tolled alternative to the Spaulding Turnpike between Dover and Rochester . In the early 1990s, NHDOT rerouted NH 16 onto the turnpike as a concurrency for the full length of the turnpike. The old alignment is now made up of several different roads. After crossing the Little Bay Bridge northbound from Newington to Dover, historic NH 16 traveled along Dover Point Road into downtown Dover to an intersection with NH 108 , where that route used to terminate. NH 16 continued along Central Avenue north through Somersworth and into Rochester on what

2448-604: The Presidential Range before crossing the notch and ascending to the summits of the Wildcat Range. There are also less challenging hikes that are equally scenic, yet better suited for families with young children. Popular objectives include Glen Ellis Falls, a waterfall on the Ellis River, and Square Ledge, with an impressive view of Mount Washington for modest effort. The area also has many opportunities for both alpine and Nordic skiing. The bowl of Tuckerman Ravine

2520-505: The Wentworth Golf Club. The local name for this route is Village Road. New Hampshire Route 16B is a 5.381-mile-long (8.660 km) long state highway located entirely in Jackson . Although the road is signed north–south, NH 16B is a nearly-complete loop, beginning and ending at intersections with NH 16A roughly 500 feet (150 m) apart. Heading counterclockwise on NH 16B (signed "north") from NH 16A, NH 16B

2592-616: The area varies by altitude and the orientation of the land. A weather station has operated at around 2,000 feet since 1930. According to the Köppen Climate Classification system, Pinkham Notch has a subarctic climate , abbreviated "Dfc" on climate maps. The hottest temperature recorded in Pinkham Notch was 93 °F (34 °C) on July 20, 1982, while the coldest temperature recorded was −32 °F (−36 °C) on February 16, 1943. The climate, and as

2664-489: The area. Mount Washington is a common objective, and is often climbed from Pinkham Notch. There are numerous trail approaches from the Appalachian Mountain Club 's visitor's center. Although trail distances seem short, the trip to the summit should not be underestimated; most trail approaches involve at least 4,000 vertical feet (1,200 m) of climbing, including an ascent of the rocky summit cone and

2736-600: The base of the Mount Washington Auto Road . Route 16 meets US 2 in Gorham , sharing a short concurrency along Gorham's Main Street. Leaving US 2, Route 16 continues north along the Androscoggin River to the city of Berlin , then follows the river north through the towns of Milan and Dummer , and the township of Cambridge , into the town of Errol . From Errol NH 16 continues northeast to Wentworth Location and

2808-495: The boulder-strewn upper slopes. Weather changes very quickly, one must be prepared for extreme conditions, and fatalities are not unknown. The Tuckerman Ravine Trail is the most popular trail in the notch, ascending to the summit via the headwall of Tuckerman Ravine. The Huntington Ravine Trail is widely considered the most difficult trail in New Hampshire, making its way up the precipitous headwall of neighboring Huntington Ravine, where there are several rock climbing opportunities. On

2880-470: The bright, crisp resonant tone it produces. If the grain is curly , with flame or quilt patterns, it is usually reserved for more expensive instruments. In high-end guitars this wood is sometimes Torrefied to cook out the Lignin resins, allowing the greater stability to climate & environmental changes, and to enhance its tonal characteristics as the instrument's resonance is more evenly distributed across

2952-417: The cellulose structure of the wood without the lignin. Sugar maple was a favorite street and park tree during the 19th century because it was easy to propagate and transplant, is fairly fast-growing, and has beautiful fall color. As noted above, however, it proved too delicate to continue in that role after the rise of automobile-induced pollution and was replaced by Norway maple and other hardier species. It

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3024-417: The constant exposure to the wind. Most plants in this area are perennial; the growing season is far too short to allow for annuals. Alpine plants usually occur in communities spaced between barren talus slopes. Cushion-shaped Diapensia lapponica usually grows in communities in the windiest areas, and in less exposed sites sedge , heath , snowbank, and alpine bog communities can be found. Pinkham Notch

3096-680: The eastern wall. Two rivers drain the notch; the Ellis River drains the south end and is a tributary of the Saco , and the Peabody River drains the north end and is a tributary of the Androscoggin . The bulk of the western slope of the notch is formed by Mount Washington , the highest peak in the northeast United States, reaching 6,288 feet (1,917 m) above sea level. Mount Washington rises more than 4,000 feet (1,200 m) above

3168-471: The elevation at which this occurs is known as tree line , and usually occurs at around 4,500 ft (1,400 m) in the White Mountains, depending on wind exposure. On the highest slopes of the west wall of the notch, trees are unable to grow, and an " alpine zone " of alpine-Arctic vegetation exists. Vegetation in this zone tends to be lichens , sedges or small, low-lying plants that can resist

3240-514: The floor of the notch. A number of glacial cirques are found on this side of the notch. The Great Gulf and its tributary cirques form the largest cirque in the White Mountains. South of the Great Gulf is Huntington Ravine , with a rocky, precipitous headwall renowned for its rock and ice climbing. The slope then dips into the Ravine of Raymond Cataract, a non-glacial "V-shaped" valley with a notable waterfall. After this comes Tuckerman Ravine , with

3312-598: The ground's surface, and thus a diameter at breast height of about 1.88 metres (6 ft 2 in). At that time the tree was 34.1 metres (111 ft 11 in) tall with an average crown spread of 27.7 metres (90 ft 11 in). Using the scoring system of circumference in inches plus height in feet plus 25% of crown spread in feet resulted in a total number of 368 points at the National Register of Big Trees. A tree in Lyme, Connecticut , measured in 2012, had

3384-466: The hardiest trees remain in the forest, which is composed almost exclusively of balsam fir. Most of the understory plants and animals from the upper spruce-fir zone, however, can be found in this forest. Moisture causes nutrients to be stripped from the soil and brought to lower elevations, and decomposition takes place at a rate that is too slow to replenish them. In the upper reaches of the balsam fir zone, winds and temperatures are extreme enough to force

3456-466: The inner bark as a cough remedy, and the sap as a sweetening agent, and to make maple syrup following the introduction of metal cookware by Europeans. The United States national champion for Acer saccharum is located in Charlemont, Massachusetts . In 2007, the year it was submitted, it had a circumference of 5.92 metres (233 in; 19 ft 5 in) at 1.3 metres (4 ft 3 in) above

3528-560: The last two being specially figured lumber. Acer saccharum is a deciduous tree normally reaching heights of 25–35 m (80–115 ft), and exceptionally up to 45 m (150 ft). A 10-year-old tree is typically about 5 m (20 ft) tall. As with most trees, forest-grown sugar maples form a much taller trunk and narrower canopy than open-growth ones. The leaves are deciduous, up to 20 cm (7.9 in) long and wide, palmate, with five lobes and borne in opposite pairs. The basal lobes are relatively small, while

3600-399: The leaf lobes of the sugar maple have a more triangular shape, in contrast to the squarish lobes of the Norway maple. The sugar maple is an extremely important species to the ecology of many forests in the northern United States and Canada. Pure stands are common, and it is a major component of the northern and Midwestern U.S. hardwood forests. Due to its need for cold winters, sugar maple

3672-408: The moist environment. Most of the animals in the spruce-fir forest have ranges that extend into the balsam fir forest higher up. Warblers are abundant; more than ten species exist in this forest type. Other common birds include brown-capped chickadees , spruce grouse , and yellow-capped woodpeckers. Mammals include the red squirrel and the pine marten . As elevation continues to increase, only

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3744-611: The north of Wildcat Ridge, forming the eastern side of Pinkham Notch all the way to the Androscoggin River. From south to north, the peaks overlooking the notch are Carter Dome (4,832 ft / 1,473 m), Mount Hight (4,675 ft / 1,425 m), South Carter Mountain (4,420 ft / 1,347 m), Middle Carter Mountain (4,600 ft / 1,402 m), North Carter Mountain (4,530 ft / 1,381 m), Imp Mountain (3,720 ft / 1,134 m), and Mount Moriah (4,049 ft / 1,234 m). The weather in

3816-419: The northern hardwoods in what is known as the "transition zone". As elevation within this zone increases, species from the lower hardwood forest begin to drop out. By 2,500 feet (760 m), yellow birch is the only deciduous species that remains, and the forest becomes a spruce-fir forest. As elevation increases, the forest is subjected to colder temperatures, increased moisture, and acidic, infertile soils. As

3888-616: The northern terminus of the Spaulding Turnpike, NH 125 carries the White Mountain Highway moniker. The Conway Bypass is a proposed re-routing of NH 16 around Conway and North Conway . While preliminary work has been done, the bypass is still in planning stages. New Hampshire Route 16A is a designation held by two separate state highways in New Hampshire . Although not directly connected,

3960-568: The notch. Mammals include chipmunks , raccoons , white-tailed deer , black bears , and moose . There are also a large number of birds in this forest; frequently seen are red-eyed vireos, hermit thrushes , and ovenbirds . Amphibians are also found in the northern hardwood forest. Red efts, the terrestrial stage of development for the red-spotted newt , congregate in large numbers after heavy rains; also present are American toads , spring peepers , and wood frogs . At around 2,000 feet (610 m), species from higher forest zones begin to mix with

4032-456: The optimal being just slightly above freezing, and no other known tree species has this property. Germination of sugar maple seed in temperatures above 50 °F (10 °C) is rare to nonexistent. Acer saccharum is among the most shade tolerant of large deciduous trees. Its shade tolerance is exceeded only by the striped maple , a smaller tree. Like other maples, its shade tolerance is manifested in its ability to germinate and persist under

4104-536: The other side of the notch, the Wildcat Range is a popular objective. The five summits can be reached via the Wildcat Ridge Trail; the first two miles are extremely difficult, and require skill on short, yet exposed, rock scrambles . This part of the trail is frequently bypassed by following the ski area's Polecat Trail to the summit of D Peak. The Appalachian Trail , which extends over 2,150 miles (3,460 km) from Georgia to Maine , runs along

4176-454: The primary contributing factors to maple decline . Also, the increased use of salt over the last several decades on streets and roads for deicing purposes has decimated the sugar maple's role as a street tree. In some parts of New England, particularly near urbanized areas, the sugar maple is being displaced by the Norway maple . The Norway maple is also highly shade tolerant, but is considerably more tolerant of urban conditions, resulting in

4248-487: The same time. They also share a tendency with red maples for certain parts of a mature tree to change color weeks ahead of or behind the remainder of the tree. The leaf buds are pointy and brown-colored. The recent year's growth twigs are green, and turn dark brown. The flowers are in panicles of five to ten together, yellow-green and without petals ; flowering occurs in early spring after 30–55 growing degree days . The sugar maple will generally begin flowering when it

4320-439: The sap is extracted from the trees using a tap placed into a hole drilled through the phloem, just inside the bark. The collected sap is then boiled. As the sap boils, the water evaporates and the syrup is left behind. Forty gallons of maple sap produces 1 gallon of syrup. In the southern part of their range, sugar maples produce little sap; syrup production is dependent on the tree growing in cooler climates. The samaras which are

4392-474: The seeds can be soaked, and—with their wings removed—boiled, seasoned, and roasted to make them edible. The young leaves and inner bark can be eaten raw or cooked. The sapwood can be white, and smaller logs may have a higher proportion of this desirable wood. Bowling alleys and bowling pins are both commonly manufactured from sugar maple. Trees with wavy wood grain , which can occur in curly, quilted, and " birdseye maple " forms, are especially valued. Maple

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4464-428: The southern NH 16A loop departs and rejoins NH 16 / US 302 before the road makes a westward hook. In Glen , NH 16 turns north from US 302 and heads toward Jackson , where the northern NH 16A loop is located, as well as NH 16B , which is a loop that begins and ends at NH 16A. Continuing north, NH 16 passes through Pinkham Notch , to the east of Mount Washington , New Hampshire 's highest peak, and intersecting with

4536-496: The sugar maple's replacement in those areas. In addition, Norway maple produces much larger crops of seeds, allowing it to out-compete native species. The sugar maple is one of the most important Canadian trees , being, with the black maple , the major source of sap for making maple syrup . Other maple species can be used as a sap source for maple syrup, but some have lower sugar content and/or produce more cloudy syrup than these two. In maple syrup production from Acer saccharum ,

4608-578: The summit of Wildcat Mountain. New Hampshire Route 16 New Hampshire Route 16 ( NH 16 ) is a 154.771-mile (249.080 km), north–south state highway in New Hampshire , United States, the main road connecting the Seacoast region to the Lakes Region and the White Mountains . Much of its length is close to the border with Maine . The section from Portsmouth to Milton

4680-513: The tree itself, but also many other plants growing around it. The mushroom Pholiota squarrosoides is known to decay the logs of the tree. Human influences have contributed to the decline of the sugar maple in many regions. Its role as a species of mature forests has led it to be replaced by more opportunistic species in areas where forests are cut over. The sugar maple also exhibits a greater susceptibility to pollution than other species of maple. Acid rain and soil acidification are some of

4752-498: The trees into stunted, "bonsai-like" shapes. Known as krummholz , from the German word for "crooked wood", trees in this area are often bent into bizarre shapes by the combined effects of wind, temperature, and airborne ice particles. Branches that are perpendicular to the prevailing winds are often killed, leaving "flag trees" that point in the direction of the wind. Eventually, conditions become extreme enough to prevent any tree growth;

4824-503: The two routes are linked by their parent route, New Hampshire Route 16. The southern segment of NH 16A is a loop road, known locally as the Intervale Resort Loop , entirely in the town of Bartlett . It splits off from U.S. Route 302 and NH 16, runs parallel to the highway for 2.484 miles (3.998 km), then rejoins US 302 and NH 16. Officially, this section of NH 16A is also designated U.S. Route 302 Business , but

4896-404: The upper lobes are larger and deeply notched. In contrast with the angular notching of the silver maple , however, the notches tend to be rounded at their interior. The fall color is often spectacular, ranging from bright yellow on some trees through orange to fluorescent red-orange on others. Sugar maples also have a tendency to color unevenly in fall. In some trees, all colors above can be seen at

4968-610: The village of Center Ossipee that has been bypassed by the present NH 16 southwest of Ossipee Lake . The route, 2.52 miles (4.06 km) in length, is still called "Route 16B" on street blade signs. Two other roads have also held the NH 16B designation. One is a local road called Old Rochester Road in Somersworth and Old Dover Road in Rochester , paralleling the Spaulding Turnpike in those two towns from NH 108 to NH 125. There

5040-436: The violin family (sides and back), guitars (neck), grand pianos (rim), and drum shells. It is also often used in the manufacture of sporting goods. Canadian maple, often referred to as "Canadian hardrock maple", is prized for pool cues , especially the shafts. Some production-line cues will use lower-quality maple wood with cosmetic issues, such as "sugar marks", which are most often light brown discolorations caused by sap in

5112-399: The wood. The best shaft wood has a very consistent grain, with no marks or discoloration. Sugar marks usually do not affect how the cue plays, but are not as high quality as those without it. The wood is also used in skateboards, gunstocks, and flooring for its strength. Canadian hardrock maple is also used in the manufacture of electric guitar necks due to its high torsional stability and

5184-543: Was originally a riverine, "V-shaped" valley until the Laurentide Ice Sheet shaped it into its current form, a "U-shaped" valley. This shaping occurred during the Wisconsinian Ice Age , 25–50,000 years ago. The geology of the region became greatly altered by this event; much of the weaker rock was stripped from the region, leaving only highly-resistant mica schist . As the glaciers retreated,

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