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37-628: The leaders of the plot were three prominent priests from the village of Candolim in the concelho of Bardez , Goa. They belonged to the Pinto clan, hence the name of the rebellion. P. Kamat writes that the protests of the various priests she studied for their non-submission to the Portuguese authority in Goa were by and large manifestations of personal grievances arising out of racial discrimination and administrative abuses. Dr. Celsa Pinto claims that

74-624: A governor of Portuguese India from January to February 1835. He was the first and only native Goan to be appointed to this post during the 451 years of Portuguese colonial and provincial governance. He was also one of the first elected representatives in the Portuguese Parliament from its overseas Indian colonies. Bernardo Peres da Silva was born in Neura Island in Goa to José Tomás de Vila Nova Peres and Mariana Veloso and

111-816: A popular insurrection in Goa that overthrew and imprisoned the Viceroy. Peres was offered a position in the provisional government but he refused. The Goans now had an opportunity to vote representatives to the Portuguese Parliament. Portuguese officials supported mestiço candidates, but the Goans voted for their own. Peres participated in the elections and was voted to the Parliament in Lisbon, on 4 January 1822. Peres, along with Constâncio Roque da Costa and Dr. A. J. Lima Leitão (a Portuguese), became

148-446: A population of 8500. Males constitute 52% of the population and females 48%. Candolim has an average literacy rate of 76%, higher than the national average of 59.5%; with male literacy of 81% and female literacy of 70%. 9% of the population is under 6 years of age. Bernardo Peres da Silva Bernardo Peres da Silva (15 October 1775 – 18 November 1844) was a Portuguese politician and former medical practitioner who served as

185-704: A royal decree accepting constitutionalism. Rogério de Faria , a Goan businessman in Bombay and a friend or relative of Peres, ), sent a copy to Peres. The events in Portugal inspired the Goans to seek greater political liberty. The Portuguese Viceroy of Goa, the Count of Rio Pardo, did not hold elections immediately, preferring, instead to wait for instructions from the Government Council in Rio de Janeiro . Peres led

222-511: A strongly worded letter protesting this move. After staying there for some time, he went to Rio de Janeiro in Brazil . In order to survive, he started giving private tuition. During his stay at Janeiro, Peres wrote a book titled Dialógo entre um Doutor em Filosofia e um Português na Índia sobre a Constituição Política de Portugal (Dialogue between a Doctor of Philosophy and a Portuguese in India on

259-622: Is one of the major accounts of the Pinto Revolt and subsequently translated into English by Dr. Charles Borges. Candolim Candolim is a census town in North Goa and is located in the Bardez taluka in the state of Goa , India . It is situated just south of Calangute Beach and North of Sinquerim . During the late 16th century, Candolim became the first village to be entirely converted to Christianity in Bardez by

296-479: The American War of Independence influenced many Goans living in Lisbon. There was also much anger against the government of Portuguese India against the lack of using the fertile land for proper cultivation. This was one major cause of anger of Jose Antonio Pinto who saw it as a loss of earnings for the local Goans . While Sebastião José de Carvalho e Melo, 1st Marquis of Pombal , had issued laws known as

333-565: The Franciscans . The present Christian identity of its villagers dates back to the conversion of Santu Sinay ( Shenoy ), a Brahmin ganvkar ( Konkani : freeholder) who belonged to the nobility of his people. He was the progenitor of the noble revolutionary Pinto family . Santu Sinay (1577–1640), was the son of Naru Sinay; who had earlier migrated from Loutolim , Salcette , and established himself in Candolim, where he purchased

370-613: The House of Braganza during the usurpation by Dom Miguel, Dona Maria II rewarded him by appointing Bernardo as Prefeito (Prefect) of Portuguese India on 7 May 1834. The post of Prefect was a new designation for the post of Governor, but it did not carry any military powers. Bernardo da Silva arrived in Goa on 10 January 1835, and took charge of his post on 14 January. The Goans were very happy that one of them had been appointed Governor. The whites and mestiços , however, were unhappy with Peres's appointment. He intended to clean up

407-477: The Candolim Church, to Salvador Pinto and his father-in-law António Pereira in the transept, in front of the altar of Bom Jesus, and also to his wife and mother-in-law, Maria and Catharina Pereira in the transept; her grave located between those of two parishioners, Pedro Sequeira and Francisco de Souza. Candolim was the focal point of the anti-Portuguese revolt of 1787 , also called the " Conspiracy of

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444-788: The Catholic Church in France and elsewhere. Two Pinto brothers Lt. Col Francisco and Jose Antonio joined the army of the Maratha Empire under Baji Rao II and fought against the British in the Second Anglo-Maratha War and Third Anglo-Maratha War . They were tied by ropes and dragged by horses for 40kms, after which their hands were chopped, head severed from their body and property confiscated and children and grandchildren branded by infamy. For decades after,

481-815: The Conspiracy was used as a stick to defame and denigrate Goan missionaries and priests in British India by their opponents, the Vicars Apostolic of the Propaganda party, Goans being of the Padroado party. The incident was used to represent the Goans to the British government and to the Christians in British India as untrustworthy, rebellious and willing to compromise with their own enemies (Tipu Sultan). This became Goa's black legend . While

518-459: The Pintos ", because it was spearheaded by priests belonging to the village's Pinto (Shenoy) clan . This revolt occurred due to the continued discrimination of the natives related to positions in clergy and government. This angered the Pinto family who were among the protectors of the Portuguese in Goa and had been awarded a coat of arms in 1770. As of the 2011 Census of India , Candolim had

555-551: The Political Constitution of Portugal). Peres's son was serving in the Portuguese military. In 1834, he was part of an expeditionary force that took over Porto . A new constitutional monarchy was established with Prince Pedro as the regent of his daughter, Queen Maria II . Peres immediately left for Lisbon, where he submitted a memorandum to Pedro IV, pleading for greater liberties for the people of Portuguese India. For his son's participation, and his loyalty to

592-642: The Pombaline reforms which allowed for all citizens of the Portuguese Empire including Goans to be considered equal. The local colonial administration continued to follow a policy entrenched with colourism. This was prior to constitutionalism in Portugal which occurred in 1822. José António and Caetano visited Rome and Portugal to plead for their appointment as Bishops in Southern India dioceses, but these Goan priests were bypassed in favour of

629-460: The Viceroys and in recognition of Salvador Pinto's tremendous work in converting the village, obtained for him many life grants and concessions which are still held by his descendants. Fr. de Nazareth, as representative of Fr. Miguel de S. Bonaventura—Custodian and General Commissioner of East Indies and Diogo Dias, syndic of St. Francis and procurator of His Holiness—granted two perpetual graves in

666-515: The administration of Goa. Within a week of arrival, Peres's brought new reforms and made new appointments to the Finance and Justice departments. He took some steps to benefit locals which irked the whites and mestiços. One of the first measures he took was to form a new city council. The members of the council were Manuel Correia da Silva e Gama, Brigadier José António de Melo Souto, and Major D. Teles José Maria de Castro e Almeida. He also reorganised

703-543: The bills. In 1836, the Portuguese conducted elections in the European-controlled constituencies, keeping four constituencies away. During Peres's absence, a provisional government headed by Rocha de Vasconcelos had been appointed. It was followed by the nomination of the Baron of Sabrosa as governor. Peres went back to Goa and made peace with the new governor, accepting his authority. On 9 November 1839, he

740-519: The conspirators fled in disguise to British territory. However, the authorities arrested and punished 47 persons, including 17 priests and seven army officers. The area around the present-day GPO (General Post Office) in Panjim is called São Tomé. The present GPO building used to be the old tobacco house, and the building to its right was the Government Mint. The area in front of these buildings

777-489: The fifth vangodd (clan) of the comunidade on 13 August 1604. Naru Sinay died after 1624, and was survived by his wife, and three sons—Jeronimo de Souza, Santu Sinay, and Christovão d'Andrade. Santu Sinay was converted along with the rest of his family at the age of 8, and subsequently took the name of Salvador Pinto. His godfather was Fr. Manoel Pinto, a Franciscan rector of the Church of Our Lady of Hope of Candolim and

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814-495: The first Goans in the Portuguese Parliament. On the way to Portugal, the three representatives were detained in Portuguese Mozambique . By the time they reached Lisbon , the Parliament had been dissolved, and the absolute monarchy restored. The new government appointed Peres as Intendente Geral da Agricultura da India , but did not give immediate effect to his appointment. During his first term, Peres sided with

851-416: The interests of Goa as well as other Portuguese colonies. In 1840, Peres delivered a speech in the parliament, defending his actions as Governor. He also asked for an investigation of his adversaries. He later published his speech entitled "Aos Representantes da Nação Portuguesa". He demanded that the military forces stationed in Goa be done away with. For most of his life, Peres lived in penury, and died

888-484: The judicial services and abolished monastic orders. He made concessions to the communidades by removing the tax that they had to pay to the state, amounting to one-sixth of their income. He also tried to end the abuses by the privileged classes. The army in Goa at that time was dominated by whites and mestiços. They eventually organised a coup in Goa and removed Peres from his post on 1 February. He had been in power for just seventeen days when he had been deposed. Peres

925-541: The liberals in Portugal. In 1827, after a new liberal government was established, elections were held again. This time, Peres's opponent was the Governor of Goa. Peres won again, but on reaching Lisbon found that the parliament had been dissolved by King Dom Miguel . He went to Plymouth in England. During his stay there, he came to know that someone else had been appointed in his place as representative. Peres published

962-540: The local South Indian clerics (e.g. Bishop Joseph Kariattil ) for the appointment to the vacant sees of Cranganore and Mylapore. As a result of this refusal, they hatched the conspiracy along with Abbé Faria. They also managed to obtain the sympathy of similarly disaffected Christians in the Army and local clergy. The conspirators also negotiated secretly with Tippu Sultan , the ruler of Mysore , inviting him to rule Goa after they had thrown Goa into disorder. The conspiracy

999-469: The medical school, having passed a competitive exam. When his teacher fell ill, Peres took up the job of teaching. During his term at the hospital, Peres opposed moves by the Viceroy, the Count of Rio Pardo, to streamline treatment available to patients. This made him popular with the people, but not with the viceroy. In 1820 he was dismissed from the Royal Hospital. In 1821, Portugal issued

1036-404: The next five months preparing an expeditionary force to capture Goa. He recruited nearly three hundred men for the task. Rogério de Faria financed his mission. The expeditionary force, set out from Bombay harbour on 27 May, in five vessels. Unfortunately, they were forced to turn back due to the advancing monsoons on 6 June. Peres left for Daman , another Portuguese enclave , north of Bombay. He

1073-543: The revolt failed, Goans did achieve stronger forms of Government and when the Portuguese Constitution of 1822 was adopted, two native Goans Bernardo Peres da Silva and Constâncio Roque da Costa were elected to the first parliament in Portugal, a practice that continued till the Annexation of Goa . An account of this was done by the Portuguese civil servant Joaquim Heliodoro da Cunha Rivara which

1110-463: The revolutionaries. His supporters took refuge at Fort Gaspar Dias (Terekhol Fort). After a pitched battle, most protesters were massacred. In Bombay, Peres plotted to liberate Goa from his opposers. At first, he sought help from the British , as the British were allies of the Portuguese. He expected them to support him as the legal authority appointed by Portugal in Goa, but they refused. He spent

1147-405: The seminary of Reis Magos . He was brought up in the seminary of Reis Magos, where he developed a great devotion to St. Francis Xavier . Salvador Pinto was tutored by two Franciscan priests, Fr. Pinto and Fr. Simão de Nazareth; who succeeded the former as rector of Candolim parish. Salvador Pinto worked zealously to spread Christianity in the village. Fr. de Nazareth held great influence with

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1184-651: Was arrested and exiled to Bombay. In his place, the previous Viceroy Manuel de Portugal e Castro was appointed Governor. On 10 February, disturbances broke out in Goa in his favour. The leader of the revolt that had deposed Peres, fearing arrest had resigned and handed control over to the Chief Counselor of the Prefecture. On 3 March, a faction of the army, consisting of local soldiers loyal to him, revolted and demanded Peres' reinstatement as prefect. The military governor refused and ordered troops to move against

1221-411: Was orphaned at a very young age. His uncle, Caetano Peres, was a priest at Rachol Seminary , and took him under his care. He completed secondary education at Rachol. He graduated from Escola Médico-Cirúrgica de Goa (School of Medical Surgery of Goa), which was attached to the Royal Hospital at Panelim. After completing his education at the medical school, Peres was appointed as substitute professor in

1258-403: Was re-elected as representative from Goa to the Parliament. He returned to Portugal and continued to take part in the Parliament. He was appointed a member of the standing committee on colonies. He was re-elected to the parliament twice again till his death in 1842. He argued on behalf of his land in the Portuguese Parliament, even though no minister responded to his demands. He strongly defended

1295-547: Was revealed by a Goan Catholic baker from Salcette to the authorities (the conspirators had approached him to poison the Army's bread supplies), thereby preventing invasion from the Muslim sultanate and similar ill-treatment of Goan Catholics as what was taking place during the Captivity of Mangalorean Catholics at Seringapatam . The conspiracy being made known to the authorities; they took vigorous steps to pre-empt it. Some of

1332-607: Was the old Panjim pillory and used to be the site of public executions and was where fifteen conspirators of the failed revolt were executed. Gonçalves fled to British territory and lived the remainder of his life as an English teacher in Calcutta. Abbé Faria teamed up with the revolutionaries of the French Revolution and participated along with the "juring" clerics in the Revolutionaries' brutal persecution of

1369-447: Was welcomed there by the constitutionalists and supporters who still recognised him as prefect. He established a provisional government that lasted until 1837. Peres received arms and armaments from Faria for the defence of Daman, should his opposer's have attacked Daman. In return, Faria was to receive customs exemptions. Being in debt, Rogério de Faria asked for his money back (a sum of Rs. 67,957). The bureaucrats of Daman refused to clear

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